Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Dynamique moléculaire ab initio; DFT"
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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Dynamique moléculaire ab initio; DFT"
Le Losq, Charles, e Matthieu Micoulaut. "Simuler le verre". Reflets de la physique, n.º 74 (dezembro de 2022): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/refdp/202274034.
Texto completo da fontePasquarellol, A. "Étude de propriétés structurales et dynamiques par dynamique moléculaire ab initio : application aux verres et aux liquides vitreux". Journal de Physique IV (Proceedings) 111 (setembro de 2003): 373–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:2002831.
Texto completo da fonteTeses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Dynamique moléculaire ab initio; DFT"
Ducher, Manoj. "Fractionnement isotopique du zinc à l'équilibre par calcul ab initio". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066318/document.
Texto completo da fonteIsotopic compositions are used to study the biogeochemical cycle of Zn, which is greatly impacted by anthropic activities. However, the interpretation of the measurements performed on natural or synthetic samples requires the knowledge of Zn isotope properties in equilibrium conditions (as reference) and the understanding of the mechanisms that are at the origin of the isotopic composition variations. In this work, we determined by performing quantum calculations, equilibrium Zn isotope fractionation constants in various phases including solids and liquids. We highlighted the crystal-chemical parameters controlling the isotopic properties : Zn interatomic force constant, Zn-first neighbours bond lengths and the electronic charge on atoms involved in the bonding. We carried out a methodological development in order to calculate isotopic properties in liquid phases from molecular dynamics trajectories at a reduced computational cost. We showed through the modelling of aqueous Zn that a reasonable description of van der Waals forces using a non-local exchange correlation functional is required to stabilise the experimentally observed hexaaquo zinc complex over other complexes at room temperature. This work provides a consistent database of equilibrium Zn isotope fractionation constants for experimental works
Grisolía, Maricarmen. "Étude de structure électronique et de processus dynamiques de systèmes chimiques complexes". Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1702/.
Texto completo da fonteThis work is about the theoretical study of several systems and some of their dynamical processes. First, we have applied different electronic structure calculation methods to the structural study of glass systems made of gallium, lanthanum and sulfur, whose physical properties have been observed to be improved by cesium chloride doping. We have confirmed that previously obtained experimental results are insufficient to explain this changes and that these studies must be completed by additional experiments. Particularly, our calculations have shown that pertinent informations could be obtained by studying these glasses by vibrational spectroscopy. Second, we have studied the compound Ag2V4O11 (SVO) by means of the Density Functional Theory (DFT). This compound is largely used as electrode material for lithium batteries. We have obtained results partly clarifying a controversy relative to the crystal structure of SVO, for which three different structures have been reported. We have then made an ab initio molecular dynamics study of the mobility of metallic ions in this system. Our results give useful informations for the understanding of the complex mechanism of lithium insertion on SVO. Lastly, we have studied a case of a system which is not under the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. We have simulated the tunneling process of a quantum particle evolving in a metastable potential well, and we have estimated its tunneling time, by means of an original semiclassical molecular dynamics method. The use of these ab initio calculation methods for the study of these three different cases has allowed us to evaluate their capacity to elucidate electronic structure problems and to describe physical-chemical phenomena existing in complex systems
Rey, Jérôme. "Mechanisms and kinetics of alkenes isomerization and cracking in chabazite zeolite quantified by constrained ab initio molecular dynamics". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEN049.
Texto completo da fonteHydrocracking and hydroisomerization catalysts are bifunctional, with a hydro-dehydrogenation function and an acidic function, typically an acid zeolite, to isomerize and crack alkenes. With advanced ab initio molecular dynamics approach, and explicit simulation of the effects of temperature (300 – 500 K), we investigate the mechanisms of isomerization and cracking reactions of C7 alkenes within the chabazite zeolite in order to provide reliable rate constants and explain the observed products distribution. By blue moon sampling, we established for the first time, the free energy profiles for the isomerization of C7 alkenes in zeolites, with carbenium ions as intermediates (and protonated cyclopropane (PCP) as transition states), connecting di- to tri-branched, and mono- to di-branched alkene isomers (Sections III and IV). We demonstrate that the dynamic effects with the correct sampling of rotational conformers play an important role to quantify the stability of the key intermediates and transition states. These effects could not be captured by previous static DFT simulations. The much lower barriers for type A isomerization mechanisms are thus recovered, and assigned to a loose transition state, while the transition state of type B isomerization is tighter, due to the formation of an edge PCP. The study of cracking reactions (Section V) with the same methods, unravel the role of secondary cations. For the first time, we identify the structures of transition states involved in the β-scission mechanisms. From this analysis, we deduce the ab initio- rate constants that could be used in future kinetic modeling to predict activity and selectivity of the catalyst
Ducher, Manoj. "Fractionnement isotopique du zinc à l'équilibre par calcul ab initio". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066318.
Texto completo da fonteIsotopic compositions are used to study the biogeochemical cycle of Zn, which is greatly impacted by anthropic activities. However, the interpretation of the measurements performed on natural or synthetic samples requires the knowledge of Zn isotope properties in equilibrium conditions (as reference) and the understanding of the mechanisms that are at the origin of the isotopic composition variations. In this work, we determined by performing quantum calculations, equilibrium Zn isotope fractionation constants in various phases including solids and liquids. We highlighted the crystal-chemical parameters controlling the isotopic properties : Zn interatomic force constant, Zn-first neighbours bond lengths and the electronic charge on atoms involved in the bonding. We carried out a methodological development in order to calculate isotopic properties in liquid phases from molecular dynamics trajectories at a reduced computational cost. We showed through the modelling of aqueous Zn that a reasonable description of van der Waals forces using a non-local exchange correlation functional is required to stabilise the experimentally observed hexaaquo zinc complex over other complexes at room temperature. This work provides a consistent database of equilibrium Zn isotope fractionation constants for experimental works
Le, Roux Sébastien. "Étude par dynamique moléculaire ab-initio des verres de chalcogénures GeS2 et (M2S)0.33(GeS2)0.66 M=Na, Ag". Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00688343.
Texto completo da fonteLe, Roux Sébastien. "Étude par dynamique moléculaire ab-initio des verres de chalcogénures GeS2 et (M2S)0. 33(GeS2)0. 66 M=Na,Ag". Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20106.
Texto completo da fonteAb-initio molecular dynamics simulations are used to study GeS2 and (M2 S)0. 33 (GeS2 )0. 66 M=Na,Ag chalcogenide glasses. A new theoretical method which uses ring statistics is proposed in order to analyse the connectivity of amorphous materials. The cooling rate effect on the physical properties of the GeS2 glasses is analysed. The medium and short range order analysis reveals the existence of a maximum cooling rate above which the structure of the material is too similar to the one of the liquid. This is confirmed by the ring statistics analysis which also highlights major differences between the connectivity of the liquid and the glassy GeS2 structures. Finally the existence of extended charged regions in the glassy GeS2 matrix is confirmed even for the lowest cooling rates. The conditions needed to observe the diffusion of the sodium atoms in the glassy (Na2 S)0. 33 (GeS2 )0. 66 matrix are studied. When the diffusion process occurs the displacement of the sodium atoms seems to become cooperative. Parametrisation attempts are done in order to model (Ag2 S)0. 33 (GeS2 )0. 66 and GeS2 chalcogenide glasses using the SIESTA code
Richard, Pauline. "Exploration ab initio du diagramme de phases de l'or à haute pression et haute température". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASF040.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis is dedicated to exploring the phase diagram of gold under high pressure and high temperature. Calculating the free energy is fundamental for comparing the relative stability of phases under specific thermodynamic conditions. However, this quantity explicitly depends on the partition function, making it challenging to calculate in atomistic simulations. It is often decomposed into cold and thermal contributions. Among these contributions, the lattice dynamics, or phonons, play a crucial role. The temperatures explored induce indeed anharmonic effects, necessitating the use of expensive ab initio methods, based on density functional theory (DFT) which are the most appropriate method to account for these effects that existing empirical potentials cannot reproduce. Coupled with thermodynamic integration, it is the reference method for calculating free energy. However, this method remains very time-consuming and is thus prohibitive to explore the whole phase diagram of gold. Alternative methods exist, such as the quasi-harmonic approximation, but its validity at high temperature is difficult to assess. The goal of this thesis is to propose a method that maintains DFT accuracy while reducing computation time. To achieve this, an accelerated sampling procedure using machine learning is employed. This procedure allows for the training of surrogate potentials, which are then used a posteriori to extract the Gibbs free energies of the considered structures via a non-equilibrium thermodynamic integration calculation. The results obtained have been validated by comparison with those from the temperature-dependent effective potential. In the first part, this approach was applied to construct the phase diagram of solid gold from 0 to 1 TPa and up to 10,000 K. It shows the stabilization of a body-centered cubic (bcc) phase at high temperatures, around 200 GPa. An explanation for the cubic face-centered (fcc)-bcc transition before melting was proposed, based on the effects of interatomic force constants. Furthermore, the stability domains of the fcc and hexagonal close-packed (hcp) phases predicted by this study are in good agreement with most recent experimental results. In the second part, this procedure was extended to calculate the melting curve of gold
Halbert, Stéphanie. "Étude du comportement dynamique de systèmes catalytiques greffés sur silice". Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01005016.
Texto completo da fonteCaussé, Maélie. "Étude de quelques propriétés de superhydrures à haute pression et à haute température". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASF041.
Texto completo da fonteOver the past ten years, a new chemistry of hydrogen with metals has been observed under high pressures. Very hydrogen-rich compounds, called superhydrides, form in the 100 GPa range. Remarkable properties of these compounds have been highlighted, such as BCS superconductivity at very high critical temperatures, like LaH₁₀ with a hydrogen cage sublattice and superconductivity at -23 ° C. A current question is whether such compounds can be stable at ambient pressure, and the path of ternary hydrides is currently being explored. Firstly, using ab initio molecular dynamics calculations, we have revealed a new property of LaH₁₀ : superionicity, which indicates very rapid diffusion of hydride ions. This property should exist for other superhydrides. Secondly, we have searched for ternary hydrides in the Y-Fe-H system. By compressing, under high hydrogen pressure in a diamond anvil press, the Laves phase compound YFe₂, well known for its hydrogen storage capacity at ambient pressure, we discovered two interstitial hydrides, YFe₂H₆ and YFe₂H₇. We also demonstrated a limit to hydrogen incorporation in this type of compound. These two compounds are not stable at ambient pressure. Finally, using laser heating, we synthesized the ternary hydride Y₃Fe₄H₂₀, which was brought back metastable at ambient pressure. The structure and properties of this superhydride were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and ab initio calculations. An unprecedented structure for a hydride is highlighted with [FeH₈] anionic entities linked to each other and forming cages around yttrium cations. This compound is metallic and this structure could serve as a model to find a ternary hydride superconductor stable at ambient pressure
Cheik, Njifon Ibrahim. "Modélisation des modifications structurales, électroniques et thermodynamiques induites par les défauts ponctuels dans les oxydes mixtes à base d'actinides (U,Pu)O2". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0356/document.
Texto completo da fonte(U,Pu)O2 (commonly called MOX) is currently used as nuclear fuel in pressurized water reactors with a Pu content of around 10 wt.%, and is envisaged as the reference fuel in Generation IV sodium fast reactors (SFR) with a Pu content of around 25 wt.%. Under operation, (U,Pu)O2 is submitted to fission reactions which generate a large quantity and variety of point defects, as well as fission products. By migrating, point defects and gaseous fission products can aggregate into nano-voids, dislocations and fission gas bubbles, which lead to the modification of the fuel microstructure. Therefore, a better description of the fuel behaviour at the atomic scale, and especially of the elementary mechanisms involved in the diffusion of point defects and fission products, is necessary to refine the models used in the fuel performance codes used to simulate the behaviour of fuels at the macroscopic scale. We use electronic structure calculations based on the DFT+U method combined with the occupation matrix control scheme (OMC) to investigate (U,Pu)O2 properties for various Pu contents. Static energy minimizations and ab initio molecular dynamics were used. We have first determined bulk structural, electronic and thermodynamics properties of (U,Pu)O2. We then studied the stability of point defects in (U,Pu)O2 and (U,Ce)O2, as well as the structural and electronic modifications induced by these point defects, in (U,Pu)O2 and the common experimental surrogate (U,Ce)O2. Finally, the fission gas (Kr and Xe) and helium (He) trapping and solubility in (U,Pu)O2 matrix are investigated