Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Dynamique du cycle"
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Suissa, Michaël Freyssingeas Eric Place Christophe. "Dynamique interne du noyau d'une cellule vivante étude par diffusion dynamique de la lumière /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00091487.
Texto completo da fonteFettouhi, Nour-Eddine. "Dynamique des cycles d'hysteresis en bistabilité optique". Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10023.
Texto completo da fonteRomond, Pierre-Charles. "Modélisation des oscillateurs biochimiques contrôlant la dynamique du cycle cellulaire". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212134.
Texto completo da fonteGueye, Mandack. "Dynamique de l’innovation et industrialisation du cycle de l’intelligence économique". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1118.
Texto completo da fonteThe dynamic of hypercompetition that exists in the major economies puts all businesses in a context of competitive selection. Obtaining the Grail of this new economy, namely the competitive advantage, mainly depends on the ability of companies to increase their capacity for innovation and their strategic agility. The information and / or the knowledge inquiring about the evolution of the business environment appear as raw materials stimulating creativity and strategic agility of the firms. Whence an increased need to optimize the management of information and the production of knowledge. ICT are in this context as a support for optimizing the evolution of raw data into knowledge (cycle of business intelligence). Their character of innovation lever lies indeed in their ability to industrialize the production of knowledge. However, the subjectivity of the absorption capacity of news informations and the tacit dimension of knowledge explain that computer technologies are unable to fully automate the cycle of economic intelligence
Gueye, Mandack. "Dynamique de l’innovation et industrialisation du cycle de l’intelligence économique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1118.
Texto completo da fonteThe dynamic of hypercompetition that exists in the major economies puts all businesses in a context of competitive selection. Obtaining the Grail of this new economy, namely the competitive advantage, mainly depends on the ability of companies to increase their capacity for innovation and their strategic agility. The information and / or the knowledge inquiring about the evolution of the business environment appear as raw materials stimulating creativity and strategic agility of the firms. Whence an increased need to optimize the management of information and the production of knowledge. ICT are in this context as a support for optimizing the evolution of raw data into knowledge (cycle of business intelligence). Their character of innovation lever lies indeed in their ability to industrialize the production of knowledge. However, the subjectivity of the absorption capacity of news informations and the tacit dimension of knowledge explain that computer technologies are unable to fully automate the cycle of economic intelligence
Suissa, Michaël. "Dynamique interne du noyau d'une cellule vivante : étude par diffusion dynamique de la lumière". Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00091487.
Texto completo da fonteBien que l'étude de cette dynamique soit devenue l'un des enjeux majeurs de la recherche en biologie cellulaire, la dynamique globale du noyau est encore peu comprise. Pour étudier cette dynamique nous avons mis au point un montage expérimental original de diffusion dynamique de la lumière. Il est à noter que si la diffusion dynamique de la lumière est une technique « classique » pour l'étude des propriétés dynamiques des systèmes moléculaires organisés (i.e. systèmes colloïdaux, surfactants, polymères en solution, gels, cristaux liquides), elle n'avait, encore, jamais été utilisée pour étudier les propriétés dynamiques du noyau d'une cellule vivante. Grâce à ce montage, nous avons étudié la dynamique globale du noyau de cellules neuroblastomes de la lignée SHEP, au cours du cycle cellulaire. Nous avons ainsi pu observer que la dynamique interne du noyau est très riche et très complexe, avec un très grand nombre de temps caractéristiques s'étalant de quelques millisecondes à quelques dizaines de secondes. Par l'analyse des fonctions d'autocorrélation de l'intensité diffusée, < I(0)I(t) >, nous avons, plus particulièrement, sondé la dynamique interne du noyau entre la milliseconde et la seconde. Nous avons mis en évidence deux distributions indépendantes de temps caractéristiques. La première est une distribution de temps rapides compris entre 5 et 70 ms. La deuxième est une distribution de temps plus lent compris entre 0,5 et 2 s. Nous avons montré que ces distributions étaient dépendantes de la phase du cycle dans laquelle se trouvaient les cellules.
Le montage expérimental que nous avons construit nous a également permis de mettre en évidence et d'étudier un processus de transmission de la mort par apoptose d'une cellule vers ses plus proches voisines.
Mokhtari, Zakia. "Étude de la dynamique interne du noyau d'une cellule vivante, par des expériences de diffusion dynamique de la lumière". Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL0990/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe knowledge of the internal dynamics of a living cell nucleus appears essential for the comprehension of the activity of eukaryotic cells. Therefore, for the last fifteen years, many studies have been conducted to probe this dynamics. The research project of this thesis is a part of this issue. We set up an original experience of dynamic light scattering to probe the internal dynamics of a cell nucleus. The principle is simple, we pass a laser beam through the nucleus of a cell and we detect the temporal variations of the scattered light intensity. The signals obtained are complex, non-stationary, with different time scales. An important part of the thesis was to find a reliable way to analyze them to extract the internal dynamic of the nucleus; we can probe this dynamic on almost 7 orders of magnitude (10-5 – 40 s). By using this experience and the signal procession techniques that we developed, we studied the internal dynamics of the nucleus of two human cell lines (HELA and SHEP) in their cell cycle. We observe significant differences between the G1 phase, S and G2 and we can see the time ranges affected by phase change of the cell cycle. Next, we have studied nucleus dynamics of cells (SHEP and HELA), in the G phase, in the presence of cytobloquante drug in the culture environment. We also studied the effect of temperature. For cell in G1 phase, we lowered the temperature of 37°C to 25° C. We were able to follow the changing dynamics during the cooling and at 25°C. Finally, we have studied nucleus dynamics of fixed SHEP and HELA cells
Kieffer, Isabelle. "Etude de la dynamique spatiale et temporelle des phosphatases CDC25B humaine". Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30044.
Texto completo da fonteCDC25B is one of the three dual specificity phosphatases that control entry into mitosis through the dephosphorylation and subsequent activation of CDK1-CyclinB1 complexes. CDC25B has been reported to be overexpressed in a number of human tumours. In many cases, CDC25B upregulation is associated with more aggressive phenotypes thus making CDC25B an ideal target for cancer therapy. Regulation of CDC25B is still unclear. In particular, the specific functions of the three major splice variants of this phosphatase (CDC25B1, B2 and B3) remained to be clarified. In order to address this issue, we have constructed vectors that allows us to examine the expression and the localisation of the different isoforms in living cells by real time videomicroscopy. We have demonstrated that CDC25B isoforms have different mitotic stabilities. We have also observed a nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of the CDC25B phosphatases at the G2/M transition
Franco, Galeano Andres Felipe. "Effets de couplage sur la dynamique de couches magnétiques". Perpignan, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PERP1106.
Texto completo da fonteDue to its potential applications in the industry of magnetic recording media and the rapidly developing field of spintronics, the physics of stacked magnetic nanostructures has attracted a growing interest from the scienfic community during the last decades. One of the underlying issues of the multilayered magnetic systems used concerns the origin and effect of interlayer coupling as it plays a crucial role in the optimization of the magnetization switching. Accordingly, we have devoted the large part of the present thesis work to the study of the effect of such a coupling by considering various types thereof, and the switching mechanisms and magnetization profile they entail. We believe that our work will contribute to further optimizing the physical properties of magnetic multilayers as promising candidates for efficient information storage on magnetic media such as the Magnetic Random Access Memory (MRAM)
Bekkal, Brikci Fadia. "Modélisation du cycle cellulaire et couplage avec la dynamique de population cellulaire". Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066042.
Texto completo da fonteTessier-Casanova, Magali. "Organisation nucléaire et dynamique des microtubules chez les Trypanosomatidés". Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON1T013.
Texto completo da fonteBrevet, Vanessa. "Dynamique moléculaire et cellulaire de la régulation des télomères". Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENSL0226.
Texto completo da fonteGotteland, Cécile. "Dynamique spatio-temporelle de la contamination environnementale par Toxoplasma gondii". Thesis, Reims, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REIMS022.
Texto completo da fonteToxoplasmosis, caused by the parasite T. gondii, is a zoonosis with a complex life cycle as the pathogen requires several different species to achieve it cycle. Felids, in particular domestic cats, are the definitive hosts of the parasite and when infected they can shed millions of oocysts in the environment. All warm blooded animals, including humans, are potential intermediate hosts. Host species can be infected through vertical transmission or by ingesting contaminated tissues or oocysts present on environmental substrates.My goals were: I) to precisely measure the frequency and spatial distribution of the environmental contamination to T. gondii in a rural area, ii) to estimate the prevalence and the spatial distribution of the parasite in the local community of rodents, iii) to identify the main factors driving the spatial structure of the environmental contamination and finally, iv) to assess the importance of the environment as a transmission source for animals and humans.First, we found a high frequency of contaminated soil samples (29%) that were largely distributed across the whole area, and, we found a similar spatial gradient of decreasing contamination with increasing distances from buildings for soils and rodents. Altogether, the results obtained allowed to identify and rank the determinants of the spatio-temporal dynamics of the environmental contamination to T. gondii. The agent-based model showed the primary role of the spatial configuration of human habitat, which, through its impact on the spatial structure of domestic cat populations, determines the frequency and distribution of the hot spots of soil contamination. Thus, in rural areas, the high level of contamination within and around agricultural buildings suggests that infection risks for humans are important, either indirectly through the consumption of contaminated meat or directly due to the ingestion of oocysts contaminating earth, water or vegetables
Pierre, Guillaume. "Dynamique et gestion d'un littoral à falaises l'exemple du Boulonnais /". Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2008. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/1131.
Texto completo da fonteN° d'ordre (Lille 1) : 502. Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. p. 118-133. Bibliogr. p. 169-174.
El, Mrabti Halim. "Dynamique de l’aimantation des nanoparticules magnétiques en présence d’un champ magnétique alternatif". Perpignan, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PERP1082.
Texto completo da fonteIn the present work, the dynamics of the magnetization of single domain magnetic nanoparticles assisted by an external alternative current (ac) magnetic field of arbitrary strength and orientation, in presence of the thermal agitation, is treated in the context of the Brown’s model of coherent rotation of the magnetization. Our main objective was to treat nonlinear effects due to strong ac magnetic excitations in the dynamics of the magnetization of an individual nanoparticle and an assembly of non-interacting nanoparticles across a wide frequency range (up to 10 GHz). Our study has been focused on the nanoparticles both with a uniaxial and biaxial anisotropy. We have calculated the relevant physical quantities such as nonlinear dynamical susceptibility, magnetization reversal time, and dynamic magnetic hysteresis (DMH). The results show a strong dependence of nonlinear response and the DMH on the anisotropy constant, biaxiality constant, temperature, amplitudes and orientations of the dc and ac fields. Furthermore, in contrast to uniaxial particles, the nonlinear ac stationary response and DMH strongly depend on the azimuthal direction of the ac field and not only the polar angle between the easy axis and the external field vector. In the present work, we have developed a theoretical approach to treat the dynamics of the magnetization of the magnetic nanoparticles subjected to a strong ac field, opening a new way to the solution of other nonlinear problems
MULNET, DIDIER. "Cycle de vie et dynamique d'une population de leucorrhinia dubia en haute auvergne (france)". Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066677.
Texto completo da fonteChambouvet, Aurélie. "Les amoebophryidae (Syndiniales) parasitoïdes de dinoflagellés : cycle de vie, dynamique et spécificité in situ". Paris 6, 2009. http://hal.upmc.fr/tel-01111122.
Texto completo da fonteJacquet, Bernard. "Quantification des protéines AgNOR par cytométrie de flux et analyse de leur dynamique dans les cellules induites à proliférer". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE19010.
Texto completo da fonteAgNORS are nuclear proteins that interact specifically with silver salts. Numerous studies have shown that AgNORS are as large as the cell cycle time short. (. . . ) We have developed and validated a new approach to AgNORS quantitation based on flow cytometry. Moreover, we have studies the quantitative modifications of the three AgNORS proteins UBF1, Nucleolin and B23 in cells committed to proliferation after partial rat hepatectomy. Results show an increase in UBF1 quantity wich is correlated with an increase in transcriptional RNA Polymerase 1 activity followed by an increase in Nucleolin and B23 quantity. The ribogenesis activity that involves these proteins is thus confirmed as a driving force of the cell cycle progression
Louvet, Emilie. "Dynamique et compartimentation de la machinerie de maturation des ARN ribosomiques en cellules vivantes". Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05S025.
Texto completo da fonteThe functional organisation of the nucleus depends on machineries that are distributed in domains named nuclear bodies. To understand how this distribution is regulated we have chosen the nucleolus as example. We have focused our attention on traffic and compartmentation of the rRNA processing machinery during interphase and mitosis. To follow proteins in living cells we have used microscopy technologies such as: FRAP, videomicroscopy and tdFLIM-FRET. A reversible system capable of disconnecting the processing from the transcription machineries during interphase permitted us to show that the processing machinery can be disconnected from the transcription sites and accumulates in nuclear masses originating from the nucleolar granular component. We named these granular masses. This reversible process permitted us to study reformation of the nucleolus. In control cells and in an assay using permeabilized cells set up in the laboratory, we have shown that nucleolar reformation depends on ATP hydrolysis and that CK2 is involved in nucleolar compartmentation. At the exit of mitosis, we have shown that early and late processing machineries pass through the same PNB. The convergence of the machineries in a single site could be at the origin of PNB formation. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that Nop52 and B23 interact in the same PNB. For this reason, we propose that PNB are preassembly platforms for rRNA processing complexes
Aboulfath, Ylene. "Algorithmes de graphes pour l'analyse des conformations de dynamique moléculaire". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASG063.
Texto completo da fonteThe thesis presents a new method for the analysis and comparison of molecular dynamics trajectories based on graph algorithms. We consider a trajectory as a sequence of graphs representing the evolution of chemical bonds between the atoms of a moving molecule.Traditionally, molecular dynamics analysis relies on potential energy, but we chose to abstract from this and propose a method based on graph topology, particularly that of cycles. During the molecule's evolution, the cycles and their interactions represent the structure of the molecule. However, some different cycles can play a similar role in the structure, and we then qualify them as polymorphic. From these polymorphic cycles, we define the polygraph, a representative graph of the trajectory's dynamics, where the vertices are sets of polymorphic cycles.The thesis presents both the methodology for calculating and using this polygraph, as well as the study of the complexity of the underlying problems in its construction.At the same time, we propose several algorithms to address the posed problems and thus obtain a polygraph. Subsequently, our algorithms are evaluated to define a protocol for constructing the polygraph from a sequence of graphs constituting a trajectory.Finally, we present our results on using the polygraph for trajectory analysis. The polygraph provides an overall view, while sub-polygraphs represent the polymorphic cycle structure of each graph in the trajectory. In this way, if two graphs in a trajectory have the same sub-polygraph, then their structures are equivalent, and we can conclude that there are no major structural differences between these graphs. We repeat this for all graphs in the trajectory to define sets of graphs that correspond to the same polymorphic cycle structure
Lefebvre, Bruno. "Modélisation dynamique de composants passifs magnétiques prenant en compte le phénomène d’hystérésis". Lyon, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAL0006.
Texto completo da fonteThis work presents a simulation method of passive magnetic components. The magnetic circuits that are concerned are the low leakages ones in which a unique variable flux can be defined. We show the progressive way that led us to take into account the saturation, the eddy-current and the hysteresis with no mind of the exciting waveforms. The principle consists of calculating the magnetic flux variable with a state equation including a dynamical behaviour parameter and the static characteristic of the circuit. Every time the hysteresis phenomenon is as important as the dynamical behaviour, it must be involved in the static characteristic. The mode! needs the knowledge of the static first magnetizing curve, a static saturation cycle and a dynamical curve. We have realized a sampling measuring device with the specific purpose of characterizing the magnetic circuits for the -simulation. We also used this apparatus as a mean for estimating the frequency validity limits. In order to extend the application to a large number of materials, we have included the hysteresis phenomenon into the static behaviour. The good working of the method has been shown in simulating devices as : an inductor, a voltage transformer, - current transformer used in a differential circuit breaker. An approach of the coupling with a non-linear load has been given and a global simulation method of achieving the iron lasses has been tested successfully. The main efficiency of our representative technique consists of the accuracy and the rapidity of both of the successive steps : identification and simulation. The achievement is now possible using a whole deviee that does exist in the laboratory and that has been tested on many industrial examples
Afonso, Eve. "Etude de la dynamique de la transmission de Toxoplasma gondii dans des mileux contrastés". Reims, 2007. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000735.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteWe studied the dynamic of the transmission of a parasite with complex life-cycle, Toxoplasma gondii, in contrasted environments. First, the dynamic of the parasite transmission was studied in an urban area where a population of domestic cats (Felis catus) live at high density. Our results raise the hypothesis that the parasite transmission could occur via a simple life-cycle when intermediate hosts are in very low density, relative to cats. We also highlighted the presence of localised areas contaminated by T. Gondii oocysts, which correspond to defecation site of cats. Second, we studied the dynamic of the transmission of T. Gondii in environments where intermediate hosts are in high density. We found indicators of the interspecific variability in the level of infection of intermediate hosts, such as body mass or habitat. Moreover, we showed that environment composition, climate fluctuations and the level of infection of toxoplasmosis in domestic cats and wildcats (Felis silvestris) could be related. The whole study shows the interest of an eco-epidemiological approach to understand the variability of the life-cycle of T. Gondii
Ragueneau, Olivier. "La dynamique du phytoplancton en écosystèmes côtiers macrotidaux : couplage avec l'hydrodynamique et le cycle biogéochimique du silicium". Brest, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BRES2035.
Texto completo da fonteOllion, Jean. "Dynamique de l'organisation nucléaire des séquences d'ADN répétées centromériques humaines au cours du cycle cellulaire". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00989972.
Texto completo da fonteVlavonou, Firmin. "Modèle factoriel dynamique contraint à régimes markoviens pour l'évaluation en temps réel du cycle économique". Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30237/30237.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis is composed of three essays on real-time forecasting dynamic factor models. The main objective is to provide frameworks for high-frequency business cycle analysis in the presence of data revisions. This is relevant for three reasons. First, business cycle forecasting is a central question in macroeconometrics. Secondly, policy-makers would benefit from having access to timely, high-frequency information about business conditions to inform their decisions. Finally, decisions must frequently be made based on data that are subject to revision, and this data uncertainty should be incorporated into the decision-making process. After a review of the empirical business cycle literature and of models of business cycle turning points, we propose a rigorous framework for estimating monthly real US Gross Domestic Product (GDP). A recurring problem in this class of models is that estimates for monthly GDP are generally not consistent with quarterly estimates in the same way that quarterly estimates are not consistent with annual data. Our approach solves this problem. In the first essay (chapter 2), we develop and estimate a dynamic factor model treating the monthly Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as an unobservable latent variable. In contrast with existing approaches, the quarterly averages of our monthly estimates are exactly equal to the Bureau of Economic Analysis quarterly estimates. By construction, our monthly estimates have the advantage of being both timely and easy to interpret. The second essay (chapter 3) extends this framework by adding a Markov-switching model of business cycle regimes to the dynamic factor model. The model is now one with three levels, two of which have latent dependent variables. We pay particular attention to the sensibility of the usual indicators at turning points. The industrial production index, manufacturing and trade sales transmit more information about business cycle shocks to the common component (monthly GDP) than does employment. Finally, we integrate data revisions into our Markov- switching dynamic factor model in order to evaluate the effects of the revisions process on monthly estimates. It appears that data revisions have a significant impact on the co-movement of variables and on turning points without compromising the asymmetric nature of the business cycle. Keywords : Dynamic Factor Model (DFM), High-frequency, Real-time, Markov-switching, unobservable components, Revisions, co-movement, Turning points, Asymmetric, Business cycle.
Aben, Frans. "Experimental simulation of the seismic cycle in fault damage zones". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAU012/document.
Texto completo da fonteEarthquakes along large crustal scale faults are a huge hazard threatening large populations. The behavior of such faults is influenced by the fault damage zone that surrounds the fault core. Fracture damage in such fault damage zones influences each stage of the seismic cycle. The damage zone influences rupture mechanics, behaves as a fluid conduit to release pressurized fluids at depth or to give access to reactive fluids to alter the fault core, and facilitates strain during post- and interseismic periods. Also, it acts as an energy sink for earthquake energy. Here, laboratory experiments were performed to come to a better understanding of how this fracture damage is formed during coseismic transient loading, what this fracture damage can tell us about the earthquake rupture conditions along large faults, and how fracture damage is annihilated over time.First, coseismic damage generation, and specifically the formation of pulverized fault damage zone rock, is reviewed. The potential of these pulverized rocks as a coseismic marker for rupture mechanisms is discussed. Although these rocks are promising in that aspect, several open questions remain.One of these open questions is if the transient loading conditions needed for pulverization can be reduced by progressively damaging during many seismic events. The successive high strain rate loadings performed on quartz monzonites using a split Hopkinson pressure bar reveal that indeed the pulverization strain rate threshold is reduced by at least 50%.Another open question is why pulverized rocks are almost always observed in crystalline lithologies and not in more porous rock, even when crystalline and porous rocks are juxtaposed by a fault. To study this observation, high strain rate experiments were performed on porous Rothbach sandstone. The results show that pervasive pulverization below the grain scale, such as observed in crystalline rock, does not occur in the sandstone samples for the explored strain rate range (60-150 s-1). Damage is mainly occurs at a scale superior to that of the scale of the grains, with intragranular deformation occurring only in weaker regions where compaction bands are formed. The competition between inter- and intragranular damage during dynamic loading is explained with the geometric parameters of the rock in combination with two classic micromechanical models: the Hertzian contact model and the pore-emanated crack model. In conclusion, the observed microstructures can form in both quasi-static and dynamic loading regimes. Therefore caution is advised when interpreting the mechanism responsible for near-fault damage in sedimentary rock near the surface. Moreover, the results suggest that different responses of different lithologies to transient loading are responsible for sub-surface damage zone asymmetry.Finally, post-seismic annihilation of coseismic damage by calcite assisted fracture sealing has been studied in experiments, so that the coupling between strengthening and permeability of the fracture network could be studied. A sample-scale fracture network was introduced in quartz monzonite samples, followed exposure to upper crustal conditions and percolation of a fluid saturated with calcite for several months. A large recovery of up to 50% of the initial P-wave velocity drop has been observed after the sealing experiment. In contrast, the permeability remained more or less constant for the duration of the experiment. This lack of coupling between strengthening and permeability in the first stages of sealing is explained by X-ray computed micro tomography. Incipient sealing in the fracture spaces occurs downstream of flow barriers, thus in regions that do not affect the main fluid flow pathways. The decoupling of strength recovery and permeability suggests that shallow fault damage zones can remain fluid conduits for years after a seismic event, leading to significant transformations of the core and the damage zone of faults with time
Moumida, Driss. "Contribution à l'étude de la dynamique d'un automate à mémoire". Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00335577.
Texto completo da fonteTrabelsi, Sondes. "Etude statique et dynamique de la cristallisation des élastomères sous tension". Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112193.
Texto completo da fonteStress-induced crystallization using X-ray diffraction: Under equilibrium condition: At fixed draw ratio, the crystallites formed by elastomers (natural, synthetic and filled rubber) are oriented along the stretching direction. They have the same and constant size during crystallisation. Hence crystallinity rises by multiplication of crystallites. The maximum of crystallinity of natural rubber (NR) depends on the amount of sulphur in the rubber, but not on the fillers inserted. The dimensions of crystallites depend on draw ratio. They increase along the draw direction and decrease along others while maintaining their volume. They decrease with the cross-linking density. Above 15ʿC, the filled rubber shows a semi-plateau for crystallinity due to the heterogeneity in crystallite distribution. All the curves [phi]([lambda]) ([phi] can be crystallinity, crystal size or melting temperature) of filled and synthetic NR can coincide with the unfilled NR by simple translation. During continuous stretching: Crystallites formed by rubber in cycling deformation produce antagonist effects. They are considered as additional cross-linking inserted during loading. Consequently the force tends to increase during stretching. The amorphous parts become more isotropic, therefore the tensile force decreases its value. These effects lead to relaxation only in the retraction phase. The hysteresis during loading cycles for unfilled natural and synthetic rubber is only due to retardation with regards to the crystallization. In cycling deformation between two extremes [lambda]max and [lambda]min the crystallinity at [lambda]max decreases linearly with deformation amplitude [delta][lambda] = [lambda]max -[lambda]min and disappears for a critical frequency depending on [delta][lambda] = [lambda]max -[lambda]min and [lambda]max. Stress-induced crystallization around crack tip: A map of iso-contours (iso-crystallinity) and dimensions of the crystalline zone around crack tips have been measured as function of strain, cross-linking density and crack length
Laratte, Bertrand. "Evaluation dynamique et cumulative des impacts environnementaux dans le cadre d'une analyse de cycle de vie". Thesis, Troyes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TROY0033/document.
Texto completo da fonteEnvironmental impact assessment methods are now widely used in order to measure environmental impacts associated with human activities (for products, services, and systems). Life-cycle assessment (LCA) is without doubt the foremost assessment method. LCA is also often thought of as the more advanced one, despite serious limitations (e.g. LCA does not include properly economical or social dimensions). In this PhD report, I explore more specifically the issue of integrating time in both inventory models and impact assessments along the life-cycle. In the case of climate change, I offer an evolution of traditional LCA towards a framework that includes dynamic and cumulative aspects as expressed directly in CO2-equivalent. This approach, which is oriented towards reporting practices and/or public policies, is afterwards applied to three different case studies of growing complexity. The central hypothesis of this work is that switching from traditional to so-called “dynamic” LCA would allow for better results with regards to one reality of environmental processes
Yie, Sook-Kyung. "La dualité de l'école secondaire du second cycle de la Corée du Sud, dans sa dynamique". Paris 10, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA100036.
Texto completo da fonteThe reform for the equalization of the secondary education had produced the undeirable phenomena in South Korea. This study began with the question as to the reason of these phenomena: the particularity of the private high schools, the new disparities issued from the reform, the anomalies of the secondary education and the continuation of the ideological conflict among the students. With the assumption that an attribution of the high school of south Korea affected these phenomena and with the definition of this attribution as the duality of the schooling, firstly this study concentrated upon the consideration of the historical characteristics of the schooling in Korean society: the confucian humanism in the traditional education, the process of formation of the modern school, the colonial educational policy. Secondarily, the situations resulting the reform, the education al expansion and the ideological homogenization in the school, were analyzed on the socio-institutional view point. Through this analysis, this study proposed three explicative elements for the duality of the schooling: the engrossment for the instruction, the ideological struggle and the autonomy relative. And three categories of the duality were presented: the double interest, meritocratic and equalitarian, the double fonction, homogenization and struggle, and the double logic of the evolution, history determined by the given society and the autonomy relative
Amayed, Phédra. "Régulation de la dynamique d'assemblage des microtubules : propriétés fonctionnelles du complexe stathmine / tubuline". Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066006.
Texto completo da fonteIzard, Fanny. "Étude du rôle des méthyltransférases de la Lysine 20 de l’Histone H4 dans la dynamique de la chromatine au cours du cycle cellulaire". Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT136/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn eukaryotic cells, the organization of DNA into chromatin not only ensures its compaction into nucleus, but also serves as a dynamic structure that offers a range of possibilities for regulating DNA transactions, such as transcription, DNA replication and repair. The basic unit of chromatin is the nucleosome, which is constituted of 147 bp of DNA wrapped with an octamer composed of histone proteins. This nucleosome structure is versatile showing distinct variations, including post-translational modifications of histone proteins. Histone modifications contribute to the regulation of genome functions by altering directly the nucleosome structure or through the recruitment of specific chromatin-binding proteins. In this regard, the lysine 20 of histone H4 (H4K20) can be modified to generate three different methylation states: mono- (me1), di- (me2), and trimethylation (me3), with a unique activity being coupled to the specific extent of methylation on this lysine residue. PR-Set7 (also known as SET8 or SETD8) is the sole enzyme that catalyzes H4K20me1, whereas H4K20me2 and H4K20me3 occur through the action of Suv4-20h, which requires PR-Set7-induced H4K20me1 as a substrate. These enzymes are essential since knockout studies have shown that both PR-Set7 and Suv4-20h are required for mouse development and their loss causes DNA damage and cell cycle defects. However, the functions of different H4K20 methylation states and the associated enzymes still remain poorly understood.The work carried out during this thesis reveals that the concerted activity of PR-Set7 and Suv4-20h is required for the timely control of (i) heterochromatin assembly on nascent DNA and (ii) the licensing of a critical subset of late-firing origins necessary for the replication of heterochromatin regions in the following cell cycle. Both functions depend on the conversion of H4K20me1 to H4K20me3 and the specific recruitment of the H4K20me-binding protein LRWD1/ORCA. Accordingly, siRNA-mediated PR-Set7 depletion triggers a defective interphase chromatin compaction in cells that exit of mitosis, which in turn favor a non-specific chromatin loading of ORC and MCMs subunits of pre-replication complexes. Finally and consistent with a key role of H4K20 methylation in heterochromatin formation and replication, my thesis work contributes to reveal that up-regulation of PR-Set7 is a poor prognosis factor in multiple myeloma and that its inhibition by specific chemical compounds might be a great interest for cancer treatment in near future
Qiu, Chunjing. "Modélisation de la dynamique du carbone et des surfaces dans les tourbières du nord". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV022.
Texto completo da fonteNorthern peatlands play an important role in the global carbon (C) cycle as a long-term CO2 sink and the one of the largest natural methane (CH4) sources. Meanwhile, these substantial carbon stores will be exposed in the future to large warming and wetter conditions that characterize climate change in the high latitudes and, because of the large amount of C stored in northern peatlands, their fate is of concern. In this thesis, I integrated a representation of peatlands water and carbon cycling into the ORCHIDEE-MICT land surface model (LSM), with the aim to improve the understanding of peatland C and area dynamics since the Holocene, to explore effects of projected climate change to northern peatlands, and to quantify the role of northern peatlands in the global C cycle.Firstly (Chapter 2), I implemented peatland as an independent sub-grid hydrological soil unit (HSU) which receives runoff from surrounding non-peatland HSUs in each grid cell and has no bottom drainage, following the concept of Largeron et al. (2018). To model vertical water fluxes of peatland and non-peatland soils, I represented peat-specific hydrological parameters for the peatland HSU while in other HSUs the hydrological parameters are determined by the dominant soil texture of the grid cell. I chose a diplotelmic model to simulate peat C decomposition and accumulation. This two-layered model includes an upper layer (acrotelm) that is variably inundated and a lower layer (catotelm) that is permanently inundated. This model showed good performance in simulating peatland hydrology, C and energy fluxes at 30 northern peatland sites on daily to annual time scales. But the over simplification of the C dynamics may limit its capacity to predict northern peatland response to future climate change.Secondly (Chapter 3), I replaced the diplotelmic peat carbon model with a multi-layered model to account for vertical heterogeneities in temperature and moisture along the peat profile. I then adapted the cost-efficient version of TOPMODEL and peatland establishment criteria from Stocker et al. (2014) to simulate the dynamics of peatland area within a grid cell. Here the flooded area given by TOPMODEL is crossed with suitable peat growing conditions to set the area that is occupied by a peat HSU. This model was tested across a range of northern peatland sites and for gridded simulations over the Northern Hemisphere (>30 °N). Simulated total northern peatlands area and C stock by 2010 is 3.9 million km2 and 463 PgC, fall well within observation-based reported range of northern peatlands area (3.4 – 4.0 million km2) and C stock (270 – 540 PgC).Lastly (Chapter 4), with the multi-layered model, I conducted factorial simulations using representative concentration pathway (RCP)-driven bias-corrected past and future climate data from two general circulation models (GCMs) to explore responses of northern peatlands to climate change. The impacts of peatlands on future C balance of the Northern Hemisphere were discussed, including the direct response of the C balance of the (simulated) extant peatland area, and indirect effects of peatlands on the terrestrial C balance when peatlands area change in the future.Future work will focus on including influences of land use change and fires on peatland into the model, given that substantial losses of C could occur due to these disturbances. To have a complete picture of peatland C balance, CH4 and dissolved organic C (DOC) losses must be considered
Rassam, Mhamed. "Dynamique du retournement de l'aimantation de nanoparticules magnétiques dans l'approche multi-spins". Perpignan, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PERP1172.
Texto completo da fonteIn this work, we investigate the effect of a time-dependent microwave field on magnetization switching of a magnetic nanoparticle in atomic approach. The main objective is to establish conditions conducive to a reversal optimized in terms of power and static magnetic field. To achieve this, we proceed by two steps: first, we adopt a macroscopic approach and develop a general method to optimize a microwave field (direction, magnitude and frequency) to achieve the magnetization’s switch. In the second step, we take into account the effects of finite size and edge and study the effect of misalignment of the atomic spins on the reversal field. The results of this work are directly compared with experimental measurements on isolated nanoparticles and meet some of the goals of our ANR DYSC project
Diop, Ousmane. "Analyse mathématique de la dynamique de réseaux de régulation biologique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASG013.
Texto completo da fonteIn this thesis, we are interested in the qualitative analysis of the dynamics of two biological cycles that are central in eukaryotic cells, the cell division cycle and the circadian clock. For that purpose, we use asynchronous Boolean networks that provide an adapted qualitative framework. In these networks, cycles are captured by complex attractors containing hundreds of states. A new method for the analysis of such complex attractors is proposed. It is based on the construction of a summary graph of the attractor, enabling the comparison between the attractor's trajectories and qualitative properties of the biological cycle. The method is illustrated on a cell cycle model from the literature and of a circadian clock model we built from an existing continuous model. In both models our method proves to be efficient to visualize the attractor's structure and to compare it with the biological cycle. By combining the summary graph with a Markov chain, proportions of time spent in each phase are estimated. By combining it with a Boolean inference technique, we show how to locally adjust the asymptotic dynamics of the model in order to force specific dynamical properties. These two applications show the interest of our method in the modeling and analysis of cellular regulatory networks
Di, Tullo Pamela. "Dynamique du cycle biogéochimique du sélénium en écosystèmes terrestres : rétention et réactivité dans le sol, rôle de la végétation". Thesis, Pau, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PAUU3013/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis work was performed in the frame of the safety assessment program prior to the possible construction of an underground repository for nuclear waste (HAVL). To consolidate risk assessment models associated to a potential 79Se biosphere contamination, biogeochemistry of stable selenium was investigated, aiming firstly to highlight the dynamics of Se cycling in a forest ecosystem, in terms of inventories and annual fluxes. Consequently to these first results, which suggest a clay role of soil and its organic pool in the global Se cycle, two studies based on the use of isotopically enriched tracers were further carried out in order to clarify the processes involved in (i) Se retention and reactivity in soils and (ii) incorporation of inorganic Se within organic pool of vegetal biomass
Lei, Ming. "Influence des isoformes de Sumo sur le trafic de la protéine PML et la dynamique des corps nucléaires". Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077114.
Texto completo da fonteBurckard, Odile. "Analyse mathématique de la dynamique du cycle et de la synchronisation des horloges circadiennes périphériques des mammifères". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ4046.
Texto completo da fonteCircadian clocks, present in the cells of virtually all living beings, are essential for the rhythmic regulation of many biological processes. The healthy functioning of organisms depends on the phase coherence of these genetic oscillators. However, in mammals, the mechanisms underlying the synchronization of peripheral clocks remain poorly understood. This thesis focuses on the study of the synchronization of mammalian peripheral circadian clocks and on the analysis of circadian cycle dynamics.First, we hypothesize that peripheral clocks can achieve synchronization through coupling mechanisms, comparable to those observed between central clock cells. We investigate this hypothesis numerically, using a model of a network of coupled peripheral clocks, constructed with ordinary differential equations. Our simulations lead to the identification of factors promoting the synchronization of circadian oscillators. Secondly, we focus on the dynamics of a single circadian cycle, which we characterize theoretically through the construction of a piecewise affine model approximating a continuous model including mass action terms. Our approach is based on the identification of a sequence of periodic transitions between regions of the discretized phase space of the continuous model, and on the development of an algorithm generating real threshold values that guarantee a periodic trajectory for the oscillators of the piecewise affine model and the reproduction of the main qualitative properties of circadian cycles. We then propose a general and automated method for characterizing the behaviour of any circadian cycle whose time series of CLOCK:BMAL1, REV-ERB and PER:CRY protein (complexes) are known. Our method provides a benchmark for testing and comparing the dynamics of different circadian cycles, while highlighting properties they share. Finally, these methods allow us to better understand the influence of coupling on the cycle dynamics of a network of peripheral clocks
Tillard, Léa. "Impact du déploiement de réacteurs de type ASTRID sur la gestion dynamique du plutonium dans des scénarios de transitions électronucléaires". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS494.
Texto completo da fonteAll the laws, decrees and public debates relating to the energy transition, emphasize the importance of the study of electronuclear fleet evolution scenarios. One of the reference strategies for the French electronuclear fleet evolution considers the step by step deployment of Generation IV Sodium-cooled Fast Reactors (SFR). A proper assessment of the possible transitions scenarios requires a thorough study of the different possible trajectories and its associated consequences on the entire fuel cycle.In this framework, this Ph.D. work aims at analyzing the impact on plutonium and minor actinide dynamic management, of ASTRID-like reactor deployment scenarios, a Generation IV SFR developed by the CEA and its industrial partners. The modeling of two ASTRID-like reactor configurations, one plutonium break-even, and one burner, allow the validation of the calculation hypothesis, the quantification of associated bias and the verification of reactor safety coefficients. It was observed that the variation of initial fuel composition had a drastic impact on the system configuration. Within the framework of this research, the dynamic fuel cycle simulator CLASS, developed by the CNRS/IN2P3 and the IRSN was further modified, to meet the requirement of new dedicated complex physics models. These new developments using multidimensional and nonlinear interpolators allow modeling of the fresh fuel fabrication and irradiation while maintaining the reactor heterogeneity throughout the simulations. With these multizone models, effects of SFR deployment is studied, and potential constraints on in-cycle materials are identified by the simulation of transition scenarios, from a Pressurized Water Reactor fleet to a mixed fleet integrating SFRs. An academic analysis of the scenarios presented within the energy transition law is proposed to extend this work
Beauvais, Sophie. "Etude des Particules Exopolymériques Transparentes (TEP) en milieu marin. Dynamique et rôle dans le cycle du carbone". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003711.
Texto completo da fonteBreton, Charles, e Charles Breton. "Évaluation des impacts environnementaux des bâtiments en bois : analyse du cycle de vie dynamique du carbone biogénique". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37877.
Texto completo da fonteTableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2019-2020
Le secteur du bâtiment émet jusqu’à 30% des émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES) mondiales. Au Canada, il émet 12% des émissions de GES directes et subira une croissance importante d’ici 2030. Accroître l’utilisation des produits du bois pourrait diminuer les impacts climatiques attribués au secteur du bâtiment, ce qui contribuerait à l’atteinte des cibles nationales de réduction des émissions de GES. En stimulant un aménagement forestier durable, cela limiterait aussi les émissions de GES en forêt, en diminuant par exemple les risques de perturbations naturelles. Une gestion intégrée stimulant les secteurs du bâtiment, de la forêt et des produits du bois générerait un maximum de bénéfices environnementaux (i) en maintenant ou augmentant les stocks de carbone en forêt; (ii) en augmentant le stockage temporaire dans les produits du bois; (iii) en encourageant la substitution de matériaux à plus haute empreinte carbone. Le potentiel réel des stratégies d’atténuation faisant intervenir les produits du bois est difficile à quantifier. L'analyse du cycle de vie (ACV) est un outil utilisé en génie environnemental pour déterminer les impacts environnementaux d'un produit ou d'un service sur son cycle de vie. Cependant, en ACV, il n'existe aucun consensus sur la modélisation du carbone issu de processus biologiques, le carbone biogénique. Les ACV traditionnelles (statiques) ne considèrent pas l’influence des aspects temporels; elles reposent souvent sur les hypothèses que le carbone biogénique est (1) carboneutre ou (2) entièrement émis à la récolte. Ceci est problématique car les impacts climatiques d’un GES sont liés aux variations de sa concentration atmosphérique dans le temps. Les méthodes statiques peuvent donc mener à d’importantes erreurs d’estimation. Par exemple, 57% du carbone séquestré dans les produits du bois canadiens entre 1990 et 2008 est encore stocké dans l’anthroposphère. Considérer ce carboneentièrement émis induit une erreur d’estimation de 675 Mt CO2, l’équivalent de 92% des émissions de GES canadiennes en 2014. Les méthodes dites dynamiques permettent de considérer l’influence d’aspects temporels en ACV. Elles permettent d’éviter les hypothèses simplificatrices (1) et (2). Cependant, ces méthodes sont relativement récentes. Il existe peu d’exemples de leur application dans la littérature, notamment dans le domaine de l’ACV du bâtiment, où leur complexité additionnelle en termes de ressources (temps, données) est un enjeu important. L’objectif de ce projet est de comparer les résultats des méthodes statique et dynamique pour l’évaluation des impacts climatiques des produits du bois en ACV du bâtiment. Plus spécifiquement, cet objectif implique d’identifier une méthode dynamique adaptée à l’ACV du bâtiment, puis de l’utiliser dans une étude de cas. Ces objectifs spécifiques sont couverts dans deux articles. Le premier article dresse une revue critique des méthodes de modélisation du carbone biogénique en ACV et identifie la méthode dynamique du potentiel de réchauffement global biogénique (PRGbio) comme bien adaptée à l’ACV du bâtiment. Celle-ci permet d’intégrer des aspects dynamiques à l’ACV du bâtiment sans trop complexifier la collecte de données d’inventaire du cycle de vie. Le second article décrit l’application de la méthode PRGbio à l’étude de cas des Habitations Trentino, un bâtiment en bois situé à Québec. Comparativement à une approche statique, l’approche dynamique entraîne une réduction des impacts climatiques liés à l’utilisation des produits du bois. Ce résultat suggère que les méthodes d’ACV actuelles surévaluent les impacts environnementaux du carbone biogénique, et que des politiques encourageant la construction en bois auraient un potentiel d’atténuation des changements climatiques prometteur.
Le secteur du bâtiment émet jusqu’à 30% des émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES) mondiales. Au Canada, il émet 12% des émissions de GES directes et subira une croissance importante d’ici 2030. Accroître l’utilisation des produits du bois pourrait diminuer les impacts climatiques attribués au secteur du bâtiment, ce qui contribuerait à l’atteinte des cibles nationales de réduction des émissions de GES. En stimulant un aménagement forestier durable, cela limiterait aussi les émissions de GES en forêt, en diminuant par exemple les risques de perturbations naturelles. Une gestion intégrée stimulant les secteurs du bâtiment, de la forêt et des produits du bois générerait un maximum de bénéfices environnementaux (i) en maintenant ou augmentant les stocks de carbone en forêt; (ii) en augmentant le stockage temporaire dans les produits du bois; (iii) en encourageant la substitution de matériaux à plus haute empreinte carbone. Le potentiel réel des stratégies d’atténuation faisant intervenir les produits du bois est difficile à quantifier. L'analyse du cycle de vie (ACV) est un outil utilisé en génie environnemental pour déterminer les impacts environnementaux d'un produit ou d'un service sur son cycle de vie. Cependant, en ACV, il n'existe aucun consensus sur la modélisation du carbone issu de processus biologiques, le carbone biogénique. Les ACV traditionnelles (statiques) ne considèrent pas l’influence des aspects temporels; elles reposent souvent sur les hypothèses que le carbone biogénique est (1) carboneutre ou (2) entièrement émis à la récolte. Ceci est problématique car les impacts climatiques d’un GES sont liés aux variations de sa concentration atmosphérique dans le temps. Les méthodes statiques peuvent donc mener à d’importantes erreurs d’estimation. Par exemple, 57% du carbone séquestré dans les produits du bois canadiens entre 1990 et 2008 est encore stocké dans l’anthroposphère. Considérer ce carboneentièrement émis induit une erreur d’estimation de 675 Mt CO2, l’équivalent de 92% des émissions de GES canadiennes en 2014. Les méthodes dites dynamiques permettent de considérer l’influence d’aspects temporels en ACV. Elles permettent d’éviter les hypothèses simplificatrices (1) et (2). Cependant, ces méthodes sont relativement récentes. Il existe peu d’exemples de leur application dans la littérature, notamment dans le domaine de l’ACV du bâtiment, où leur complexité additionnelle en termes de ressources (temps, données) est un enjeu important. L’objectif de ce projet est de comparer les résultats des méthodes statique et dynamique pour l’évaluation des impacts climatiques des produits du bois en ACV du bâtiment. Plus spécifiquement, cet objectif implique d’identifier une méthode dynamique adaptée à l’ACV du bâtiment, puis de l’utiliser dans une étude de cas. Ces objectifs spécifiques sont couverts dans deux articles. Le premier article dresse une revue critique des méthodes de modélisation du carbone biogénique en ACV et identifie la méthode dynamique du potentiel de réchauffement global biogénique (PRGbio) comme bien adaptée à l’ACV du bâtiment. Celle-ci permet d’intégrer des aspects dynamiques à l’ACV du bâtiment sans trop complexifier la collecte de données d’inventaire du cycle de vie. Le second article décrit l’application de la méthode PRGbio à l’étude de cas des Habitations Trentino, un bâtiment en bois situé à Québec. Comparativement à une approche statique, l’approche dynamique entraîne une réduction des impacts climatiques liés à l’utilisation des produits du bois. Ce résultat suggère que les méthodes d’ACV actuelles surévaluent les impacts environnementaux du carbone biogénique, et que des politiques encourageant la construction en bois auraient un potentiel d’atténuation des changements climatiques prometteur.
The building sector accounts for up to 30% of global GHG emissions. In Canada, it represents 12% of direct GHG emissions; these impacts are expected to significantly increase before 2030. Using more harvested wood products (HWP) in buildings could reduce the climate change impacts of the building sector and help reach the national mitigation goals set under the Paris Agreement. By encouraging sustainable forest management, this could also reduce forest carbon emissions, e.g. by reducing the risks and consequences of natural disturbances (fires, insects, etc.). Combining (i) sustainable forest management, (ii) temporary carbon storage and (iii) substitution benefits in integrated management approaches could provide large, necessary mitigation benefits. The potential benefits of integrated approaches including HWP are increasingly recognized, but assessing their actual climate impacts remains challenging. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is used in environmental engineering to assess the life cycle impacts products or services. However, there is currently no consensus in LCA on the assessment of carbon from biological processes, biogenic carbon. Traditional (static) practice disregards the influence of time considerations in LCA, and generally considers biogenic carbon (1) carbon neutral or (2) entirely emitted at the moment of harvest. This is a problem, since the climate change impacts of greenhouse gases (GHG) are a function of their atmospheric concentration over time. Disregarding time considerations can thus lead to estimation errors. In Canada, 57% of the biogenic carbon captured in wood products between 1990 and 2008 still remains in the anthroposphere. To consider it entirely emitted at harvest induces an estimation error of 675 Mt CO2, or approximately 92% of total Canadian GHG emissions in 2014. Dynamic approaches include time considerations in LCA and avoid simplifying assumptions (1) and (2). However, dynamic approaches are relatively recent. There are few available case studies and guidelines in the literature, notably in the field of building LCA, where the additional complexity and ressources (time, data) is a concern. The goal of this project is to compare the results of static and dynamic LCA approaches in the analysis of the climate change impacts of HWP in building LCA. More specifically, this goal implies identifying a dynamic approach well adapted to building LCA, and applying it in a case study. These objectives are covered in two articles. The first article is a critical review of biogenic carbon assessment methods in LCA. It identifies the biogenic global warming potential (GWPbio), a dynamic LCA approach, as well adapted for building LCA. The GWPbio approach can include time considerations in LCA, but is less resource-intensive than other approaches. The second article describes the use of GWPbio in the LCA of the Trentino building, a timber building located in Quebec City. Compared to static approaches, using GWPbio reduces the global warming impacts of HWP. This result suggests that current LCIA practice overestimates the impacts of biogenic carbon and HWP. Consequently, encouraging an increased use of HWP in the building sector could provide promising climate change mitigation benefits.
The building sector accounts for up to 30% of global GHG emissions. In Canada, it represents 12% of direct GHG emissions; these impacts are expected to significantly increase before 2030. Using more harvested wood products (HWP) in buildings could reduce the climate change impacts of the building sector and help reach the national mitigation goals set under the Paris Agreement. By encouraging sustainable forest management, this could also reduce forest carbon emissions, e.g. by reducing the risks and consequences of natural disturbances (fires, insects, etc.). Combining (i) sustainable forest management, (ii) temporary carbon storage and (iii) substitution benefits in integrated management approaches could provide large, necessary mitigation benefits. The potential benefits of integrated approaches including HWP are increasingly recognized, but assessing their actual climate impacts remains challenging. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is used in environmental engineering to assess the life cycle impacts products or services. However, there is currently no consensus in LCA on the assessment of carbon from biological processes, biogenic carbon. Traditional (static) practice disregards the influence of time considerations in LCA, and generally considers biogenic carbon (1) carbon neutral or (2) entirely emitted at the moment of harvest. This is a problem, since the climate change impacts of greenhouse gases (GHG) are a function of their atmospheric concentration over time. Disregarding time considerations can thus lead to estimation errors. In Canada, 57% of the biogenic carbon captured in wood products between 1990 and 2008 still remains in the anthroposphere. To consider it entirely emitted at harvest induces an estimation error of 675 Mt CO2, or approximately 92% of total Canadian GHG emissions in 2014. Dynamic approaches include time considerations in LCA and avoid simplifying assumptions (1) and (2). However, dynamic approaches are relatively recent. There are few available case studies and guidelines in the literature, notably in the field of building LCA, where the additional complexity and ressources (time, data) is a concern. The goal of this project is to compare the results of static and dynamic LCA approaches in the analysis of the climate change impacts of HWP in building LCA. More specifically, this goal implies identifying a dynamic approach well adapted to building LCA, and applying it in a case study. These objectives are covered in two articles. The first article is a critical review of biogenic carbon assessment methods in LCA. It identifies the biogenic global warming potential (GWPbio), a dynamic LCA approach, as well adapted for building LCA. The GWPbio approach can include time considerations in LCA, but is less resource-intensive than other approaches. The second article describes the use of GWPbio in the LCA of the Trentino building, a timber building located in Quebec City. Compared to static approaches, using GWPbio reduces the global warming impacts of HWP. This result suggests that current LCIA practice overestimates the impacts of biogenic carbon and HWP. Consequently, encouraging an increased use of HWP in the building sector could provide promising climate change mitigation benefits.
Lontsi, Frédéric. "Modélisation dynamique des moteurs thermiques alternatifs à apport de chaleur externe à cycle de Joule : (Moteurs Ericsson)". Pau, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PAUU3014.
Texto completo da fonteAs the Stirling engine, the Ericsson engine is a reciprocating engine run by the help of external heat. But the Ericsson engine operates according to the Joule’s thermodynamic cycles. This engine, for which two configurations are considered in this study, is particularly suitable for the conversion of low power solar energy and micro-CHP from fossil fuels biomass. The dynamic model of this engine that forms the subject of this work is developed in order to explain its transient behaviour. The models are implemented in a Matlab / Simulink platform. The optimal adjustments of the expander valves as well as the characteristic parameters of the engine are determined. These results allow anticipating the possible difficulties connected to the transients and to the variations of load, and contribute to the development of strategies to avoid them, while enabling the correct driving of the installations that use these engines. The modelled engine operates according to an open cycle. Two configurations have been modelled, the first one without, and the second one with a recuperator heat exchanger. In both cases, the simulation results indicate that the system reacts well to disturbances and that the operation of the simulated engine stabilizes after transients phases of variable impacts and durations, according to the type of provoked disturbance
Boucher, Thomas. "La dynamique de la gouvernance de l'organisation adolescente : une approche par le cycle de vie de l'organisation". Bordeaux 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR40078.
Texto completo da fonteBretonnière, Delphine. "Contrôle temporel de la neurogenèse par la dynamique du cycle cellulaire : de la modélisation à l'analyse expérimentale". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023TOU30377.
Texto completo da fonteIn multicellular organisms, the control of the stem cell/progenitor cell proliferation/differentiation balance is essential for tissue development and homeostasis. A deregulation of this balance causes developmental defects, cancers or lesion repair defects. The fate of stem cells during mitosis is controlled in part by the length of the cell cycle. Our previous work has shown that in neural progenitors, the activity of CDC25B phosphatase, a cell cycle regulator, alters cell cycle kinetics and stimulates neurogenesis. Formalization of this work, in mathematical models linking cell cycle kinetics and neural progenitor division patterns, shows that two models describe spinal neurogenesis: one in which the progenitor population is homogeneous and the other heterogeneous with a progressive restriction of proliferative capacities. I tested the hypothesis that the progeny in the two models could be different. I coded Monte Carlo algorithms generating progeny trees and showed that it was possible to differentiate the two models by their analysis. I combined the transient transfection technique by electroporation of plasmid vectors into the neural tube and the Brainbow strategy to obtain experimental progeny trees. I have shown that it is necessary to define new parameters to increment the theoretical models in order to integrate the effect of the experimental processes. All my work will allow to distinguish whether the population of spinal neural progenitors is homogeneous or heterogeneous. More generally, my work aims at developing mathematical tools to better predict the effects of cell cycle perturbations on the proliferation/differentiation balance of stem cells applicable in other physiological or pathological conditions
Sane, Youssouph. "Représentation du cycle de vie des systèmes convectifs dans le modèle LMDZ pendant la campagne AMMA 2006". Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066051.
Texto completo da fonteSzekely, Tanguy. "Dynamique et variabilité du front d'Ouessant, approche observationnelle". Thesis, Brest, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BRES0107.
Texto completo da fonteThe understanding of the dynamics and variability the Iroise sea current in a key issue for the naval security on the western part of the English Channel. The Ushant tidal front is a central element of the Iroise sea, which separates the coastal homogeneous waters from the seasonally homogenized waters located offshore. This thesis is based on numerous measurements made during the FROMVAR 2009, 2010 and 2011 cruises, and studies the dynamics and the variability of the Ushant front.First, the temperature and salinity measurements collected during the FROMVAR cruises are analyzed in order to observe the water masses surrounding the Ushant front. Observations covering the whole continental shelf are studied first, using data collected during the FROMVAR 2010 and 2011 cruises. A second study focused on the water masses which makes the Ushant front in the Iroise sea.Then, the surface currents observed by HF radars are analyzed in order to study the dynamics related to the low frequency residual currents in the Iroise sea. The influence of the wave induced Stokes drift on surface currents is first studied in order to avoid the influence of wave on the observed currents.The dynamics of the observed surface currents is then discussed thanks to the comparison of winter and summer measurements, for various tidal ranges. The vertical shear measured by an ADCP close to the front is finally compared to the vertical shear corresponding to the geostrophic adjustment of the front.Last, kinetic energy dissipation rate measurements collected during the FROMVAR 2009 cruise are exposed to study the fortnightly variability of turbulent mixing. A study of the variability of modeled currents during the fortnightly cycle is then performed in order to discuss the influence of ageostrophic cross-front currents on the fortnightly displacement of the bottom front
Zhu, Dan. "Modeling terrestrial carbon cycle during the Last Glacial Maximum". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV077.
Texto completo da fonteDuring the repeated glacialinterglacialtransitions, there has been aconsistent and partly abrupt increase of nearly100 ppm in atmospheric CO2, indicating majorredistributions among the carbon reservoirs ofland, ocean and atmosphere. A comprehensiveexplanation of the carbon fluxes associatedwith the transitions is still missing, requiring abetter understanding of the potential carbonstock in terrestrial biosphere during the glacialperiod. In this thesis, I aimed to improve theunderstanding of terrestrial carbon stocks andcarbon cycle during the Last Glacial Maximum(LGM, about 21,000 years ago), through aseries of model developments to improve therepresentation of vegetation dynamics,permafrost soil carbon dynamics, andinteractions between large herbivores andvegetation in the ORCHIDEE-MICT landsurface model.For the first part, I improved theparameterization of vegetation dynamics inORCHIDEE-MICT for the northern mid- tohigh-latitude regions, which was evaluatedagainst present-day observation-based datasetsof land cover, gross primary production, andforest biomass. Significant improvements wereshown for the new model version in thedistribution of plant functional types (PFTs),including a more realistic simulation of thenorthern tree limit and of the distribution ofevergreen and deciduous conifers in the borealzone. The revised model was then applied tosimulate vegetation distribution during theLGM, showing a general agreement with thepoint-scale reconstructions based on pollen andplant macrofossil data.Among permafrost (perennially frozen) soils,the thick, ice-rich and organic-rich siltysediments called yedoma deposits hold largequantities of organic carbon, which areremnants of late-Pleistocene carbonaccumulated under glacial climates. In order tosimulate the buildup of the thick frozen carbonin yedoma deposits, I implemented asedimentation parameterization in the soilcarbon module of ORCHIDEE-MICT. Theinclusion of sedimentation allowed the modelto reproduce the vertical distribution of carbonobserved at the yedoma sites, leading toseveral-fold increase in total carbon. Simulatedpermafrost soil carbon stock during the LGMwas ~1550 PgC, among which 390~446 PgCwithin today’s known yedoma region (1.3million km2). This result was still anunderestimation since the potentially largerarea of yedoma during the LGM than todaywas not yet taken into account.For the third part, in light of the growingevidence on the ecological impacts of largeanimals, and the potential role of megaherbivoresas a driving force that maintainedthe steppe ecosystems during the glacialperiods, I incorporated a dynamic grazingmodel in ORCHIDEE-MICT, based onphysiological equations for energy intake andexpenditure, reproduction rate, and mortalityrate for wild large grazers. The model showedreasonable results of today’s grazer biomasscompared to empirical data in protected areas,and was able to produce an extensive biomewith a dominant vegetation of grass and asubstantial distribution of large grazers duringthe LGM. The effects of large grazers onvegetation and carbon cycle were discussed,including reducing tree cover, enhancinggrassland productivity, and increasing theturnover rate of vegetation living biomass.Lastly, I presented a preliminary estimation ofpotential LGM permafrost carbon stock, afteraccounting for the effects of large grazers, aswell as extrapolations for the spatial extent ofyedoma-like thick sediments based on climaticand topographic features that are similar to theknown yedoma region. Since these results werederived under LGM climate and constantsedimentation rate, a more realistic simulationwould need to consider transient climate duringthe last glacial period and sedimentation ratevariations in the next step
Cimino, Alain. "Étude du comportement dynamique de cycles de substrats binaires : approches théoriques et expérimentales". Compiègne, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988COMPD152.
Texto completo da fonteA theoretical approach to model systems showed (1) zero-order ultra sensitivity in a closed system, in which both enzymes exhibited Michaelis-Menten behaviours, and (2) reversible (hysteresis) and irreversible (transitional) bistability when one of the two interconverting enzymes was subjected to a destabilizing factor, such as substrate inhibition. The study was extended to the same cycles when opened to mass transfer by diffusion and/or convection. Experimental studies carried out on closed binary cycles demonstrated on the one hand, the occurrence of zero-order uItrasensitivity (NAD+/NADH, with the enzymes formate and Iactate deshydrogenases) and, on the other hand, irreversible transitions (ATP / ADP, with the enzymes phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase)
Lacour, Léo. "Dynamique des blooms phytoplanctoniques dans le gyre subpolaire de l'Atlantique Nord". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2016PA066685.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteThe North Atlantic Subpolar Gyre exhibits the largest phytoplancton bloom of the global ocean. This major biological event plays a crucial role for the functioning of marine ecosystems and the global carbon cycle. The aim of this thesis is to better understand the bio-physical processes driving the dynamics of the phytoplankton bloom and carbon export at various spatiotemporal scales.In a first study, based on satellite data at a climatological scale, the subpolar gyre is bioregionalized according to distinct annual phytoplankton biomass cycles. The light-mixing regime controls the phytoplankton bloom dynamics in the different bioregions.In a second study, the new generation of BGC-Argo floats allowed for processes to be explored at a finer scale, especially during the overlooked winter season. In winter, intermittent and local restratifications of the mixed layer, triggered by sub-mesoscale processes, initiate transient winter blooms impacting the spring bloom dynamics.Finally, a third study showed how the high-frequency variability of the mixed layer depth during the winter-spring transition plays a crucial role on carbon export
Lakis, Ghayas. "Dynamique évolutive de la durée du cycle de mil : effet des flux de gènes et des pratiques paysannes". Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112166.
Texto completo da fonteDomestication of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) in the Sahel of Africa has produced a wide range of diversity in cycle duration of landraces. This diversity allows Sahelian farmers to outface the precipitation fluctuation and to ensure regularity in grain production. Due to ecological and social recent changes, modifications of farmer’s practices could be a factor promoting gene flow between the early and late flowering varieties by increasing the opportunity of neighboring and flowering overlap between them. Such a situation raises questions about the past and current evolutionary dynamics of phenological diversity in this crop.In the first part of my thesis I tried to evaluate the possibility of gene flow between pearl millet varieties in South-West Niger, through a comparative approach among contrasting situations pertaining to the spatial distribution of early and late landraces. Therefore I conducted: 1) a field study where we observed flowering periods, for two types of varieties (early type (Haïni Kiré): 75 to 95 days and late type (Somno): 105 to 125 days of cycle length) in several pearl millet fields, and in two villages 2) a molecular study that allows the assessment of the level of genetic differentiation between late and early flowering populations sampled from four villages (including the two where the field study was conducted) of the same region (Dallol Bosso), using microsatellite markers. I was able to demonstrate the occurrence of pollen flow between the two types of landraces and I also showed evidence of genetic introgression between early and semi-late landraces. Potential mechanisms that would allow for the maintenance of the phenological differentiation between these two varieties and despite the gene flow are discussed.In the second part of this work I used a candidate gene and a population genetics approach, to try to identify genes that may have contributed to the cycle length diversity in pearl millet. I focused on three flowering candidate genes, PgHd3a, PgDwarf8 and PgPHYC which have been shown to be involved in the cycle length genetic diversity in several species, in order to estimate the differentiation between wild and domestic pearl millets and between early and late landraces, on the basis of theses candidate genes. I also tried to track for the fingerprint of eventual past selective events within these candidate genes. To be able to distinguish the effects of selection from the effect of demographic events that occurred during the domestication process, I used 8 neutral STS loci and an Approximate Bayesian Computation approach.My results strongly suggest that PgHd3a and PgDwarf8 were likely targeted by selection during domestication. However, a potential role of any of the three candidate genes in the phenological differentiation between early and late landraces was not supported by our data. The Bayesian approach confirmed the idea, suggested by many authors, that the gene flow from the wild to the domestic genetic pool has contributed significantly to the genetic diversity of the domestic pearl millet