Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Dynamique de course"
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MAGON, DE LA GICLAIS BERTRAND. "Etude du sommeil fractionne d'un navigateur solitaire en course transatlantique a la voile". Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU31015.
Texto completo da fonteChabroux, Vincent. "Approche aérodynamique et biomécanique de l'amélioration des performances de cyclistes en course contre la montre". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX22037/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of this study is to determine the aerodynamic and biomechanical factors influencing cyclists performance during Time Trial stage (TT). The aerodynamic drag force represents over 90% of the power generated by the cyclist during TT stage. The aerodynamic optimization of the cyclist posture and equipment is thus a main objective. Experimentations were carried out in the wind tunnel S1L of the Institute of Movement sciences, in order to measure the aerodynamic drag force of cyclist according to different configurations. Measurements of the projected frontal led to a modeling of the cyclist frontal area value according to postural parameters. Aerodynamic performance of several TT helmets was characterized by measurement of the velocity fields in their downstream wake using a PIV-3C method (Particle Image Velocimetry 3 components). Results of this study have identified an optimized geometry of TT helmets. The aim of the biomechanical approach is to study the influence of the aerodynamic postural parameters studied on the performance of the cyclists. An inverse dynamics models is used to determine the torques and forces at each leg joint according to the saddle position and the power developed. The inverse dynamic calculation requires measurement of the pedal forces and the cycling motion. The motion analysis system VICON was used and two special 6 components sensors were design for this application. Results of this study have identified postural parameters increasing the performance. The synthesis of the factors influencing aerodynamic and biomechanical performances achieves a performance improvement of about 3%
Provot, Thomas. "Apport de l’accélérométrie pour l’étude quantifiée des dérives mécaniques de la course à pied face à la fatigue". Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIMS032/document.
Texto completo da fonteFatigue is a well known phenomenon in the sports world causing a decrease of performance and an increase of injury risk. The scientific community is therefore concerned with the quantification of this phenomenon using different motion analysis tools. However some sports like running inflict violent mechanical loads to the athletes strongly impacting their health and performance. These loads frequently result in significant shocks, a high number of cycles and are accompanied by complex postures of the body. The motion analysis tools are then not always suitable for the measurement of this information or to study the athlete’s movement in real conditions of practice. The acceleration then appears as a feature rich in information.It can allow to measure and analyze the practice of running in order to quantify the drift of the mechanical response of the human body. By validating accelerometric tools, these thesis works will allow to study the mechanical phenomena intervening in the practice of running in order to quantify and predict their effects on the athlete’s fatigue
Ledanois, Thibaut. "Les stratégies et l'environnement dans la performance sportive de haut niveau en triathlon". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UNIP7101.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis work revolves around the analysis of inter-individual factors affecting performance and their connection with environmental factors within the context of triathlon, particularly focusing on the triathlon formats featured in the Olympic Games. Performances in triathlon races, where triathletes interact with each other, as seen in the short-distance triathlon formats (super-sprint, sprint, and standard), depend on the optimal utilization of individual capacities and the adaptation of effort to the race dynamics. The discipline of short-distance triathlon has evolved both in terms of regulations and technology over the past two decades. Therefore, the research objective was to understand race dynamics in these short formats based on the profiles of the participating triathletes and to quantify the performance levels of each athlete while taking into account the competition, which is the most consistent parameter across different races. The initial studies (1 and 2) focused on the innovative format of mixed relays introduced in the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. This ultra-short format involves race dynamics centered around maintaining position and high proximity among athletes. We observed the strategies adopted by teams and identified the profiles of triathletes corresponding to each relay.Subsequently, our research shifted towards the standard format (studies 3 and 4), also featured in the Olympics and compulsory for relay athletes. In these studies, we aimed to estimate the level of each athlete using points exchange system based on the probabilities of victory and defeat between each pair of athletes. This system allowed us to assess the density of competition in a race and the target performance of an athlete. Furthermore, by connecting it to course typology, we were able to observe race group dynamics and estimate the probability of a successful breakaway after the swimming and cycling segments
Paret, Karine. "La formation d'éducateurs socio-sportifs en "licence professionnelle développement social et médiation par le sport" : étude de la dynamique des expériences vécues dans un dispositif multimodal". Thesis, Orléans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ORLE2022/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe social sport educator (SSE) gets deeply involved in environments imbued with social tensions. This professional in social sport intervention faces the reality of the job and owns skills to persevere in his function and ensure his professional sustainability. In the professional degree in Orleans, a multimodal system is drawn from the findings of the research in order to develop skills: it is the area of study. Various training situations take place : workshops consisting in exchanging about practical experiences among peers, intervention workshops with targeted audiences (the latter relates to child welfare and judicial protection of juveniles), workshops whose aim is to shareexperiences, which enables the SSE to exchange about important moments with a class student for the benefit oftheir professional development, workshops consisting in the assessment of vocational training.This study is carried out within the theoretical framework of course-of-action in cognitive anthropology(Theureau, 1992, 2004) and follows the Grounded Theory (Glaser & Strauss, 2017). It is also complementary and it takes on the SSE’s point of view to analyze key moments as well as the dynamics of their professional development
Pavlou, Georgios. "Toxoplasma gondii, un champion de course et un redoutable envahisseur. Etude des forces motrices et invasives". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALV023.
Texto completo da fonteToxoplasma gondii is a cosmopolite obligate intracellular Apicomplexa parasite that infects a wide repertoire of warm-blooded animals and virtually all nucleated cells. About a third of the human population carries the persistent stage of T. gondii, and is known at risk for life-threatening toxoplasmosis in case of immune-dysfunction. The invasiveness of the T. gondii tachyzoite developmental stage is a key determinant for expansion of the parasite population and accounts for the initiation of acute tissue damages associated with the disease. The tachyzoite is a several micrometer size bow-shaped cell that displays a robust polarity and is equipped with a typical apical apparatus made of cytoskeletal arrangements and specific secretory vesicles. With these attributes, the tachyzoite contact the host cell surface with the apical side and enters within a second time-scale into a budding entry vesicle by injecting a protein complex into and beneath the facing plasma membrane. The complex, seen here as an invasive nanodevice, defines a tight zoite-cell interface that bridges both cells through a circular junction. This tight Zoite-Cell Junction (ZCJ) serves therefore as a door of entry but also as an anchor point to withstand the parasite invasive force required to actively enter the host cell. In addition, its tightness acts as a molecular sieve to select for components from the plasma membrane able to flow into the budding entry vesicle.The PhD thesis brings new insights on the forces underlying (i) the peculiar mode of locomotion called helical gliding of free tachyzoite (ii) the host cell invasion event in particular at the end of the process thereby introducing conceptual and experimental biophysics framework. The first part combines high-speed quantitative live microscopy with force microscopy and Reflection Interference Contrast Microscopy and use micropatterning. These quantitative approaches have allowed unveiling the spatiotemporal integration of a unique polar anchoring adhesion and the traction-spring-torque triad forces that set the Toxoplasma thrust force required for high-speed helical gliding.The second part of the PhD relies on the quantitative high speed live imaging and on a set of both parasite and host cell lines engineered to express fluorescent markers of interest, in particular related to the ZCJ element, together with innovative invasion assays designed to monitor in detail the poorly documented pinching off step of the budding entry vesicle. Indeed this membrane fission event promotes the birth of a bona fidae sub-cellular compartment enclosing the tachyzoite, and further remodeled to support parasite growth. These approaches have allowed identifying the peculiar rotation of the tachyzoite along the long axis which imposes a twisting motion on the parasite basal pole and directs closure of the circular invasive device therefore promoting both sealing and release of the entry vesicle. Importantly membrane fission occurs upstream the site of the nanodevice insertion and is independent of the host cell mechanoenzymes dynamins, a protein family primarily involved in pinching off of the endocytic pits and thus in endosome birth. Overall, the work supports the view that the tachyzoite has evolved a multifunction invasive nanodevice, which together with the final torque mimics the fission activity of the dynamins. Finally, monitoring distinct host cell plasma markers and their rapid reorganization upon the tachyzoite twist allowed proposing that the latter could also act as an initial mechanical trigger for the transition to the intracellular lifestyle.In conclusion, this PhD work has succeeded in implementing new biophysics-based concepts and techniques to start unraveling the biomechanics of the T. gondii tachyzoite, in particular in the context of essential behaviors including (i) the navigation on 2D and within 3D substrates and (ii) the host cell invasion process
Abdallah, Hédi. "Dynamique de la végétation et transformations des systèmes d'élevage sur les marges arides du Tell oriental de Soughas à Souar : (dorsale tunisienne)". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30144/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe growing role of grazing pressure on vegetation in Tunisia, and in particular in the Tunisian Dorsal has been studied by several researchers (Long, 1959; Gounot et Schoenenberger, 1967; Le Houérou, 1959 and 1969). However, these studies neglect the role of man and especially the breeding activity in the spatial variation of vegetation in Tunisia. One of the primary objectives of this thesis is the production of a large.scale vegetation map that takes into account the influence of man on the landscape. Recent changes in farmer's lifestyles lead to put livestock in human relations center in the middle. The role of grazing pressure has become one of the factors explaining the dynamics of forest vegetation. This thesis adopts a socio-economic and historical approach to test the assumption that farming is recognized as an influential factor in the dynamic vegetation in arid margins Tell East; its role has never been dominant. It was always associated with other activities deemed harmful to vegetation peasant like coal, fire, land clearing ... The abandonment and / or deceleration of these activities in the framework of the new socio-economic changes have made Livestock a major factor in the dynamics of vegetation. The thesis has three parts: The first part deals with the reconstruction of the evolution that led to the current settlement. This evolution is dominated by the settlement of pastoralists and has led to the genesis of the current douars inhabited by small farmers and breeders. In this production system, instead of pastoralism is predominant and persistent. The second part of the thesis shows the analysis that enabled a detailed land cover mapping. The vegetation mapping is used to take stock of the vegetation cover conservation status and conduct a qualitative and quantitative estimation of forage resources available within each homogeneous spatial unit. In the third part, based primarily on surveys, field observations, data on the number of livestock, livestock feeding sources and changes in body condition. Analysis of these data to define farming systems developed in the study area; map the distribution of their grazing pressure on forest and steppe vegetation, from each stand home use management herd management and space
Ott, Célestin. "Caractérisation dynamique d'actionneurs fluidiques, et identification expérimentale des mécanismes dynamiques d'interaction jet - couche limite induits". Thesis, Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPHF0001.
Texto completo da fonteActive flow control research field has high application potential, particularly in the transportation industry, where improving performance while reducing energy consumption represents major economic and environmental challenges. In this context, one of the objectives is to optimize control solutions to ensure a favorable global energy balance. In this thesis, we propose to tackle the question of the actuator choice (conventionally done by trial-and-error) by sharpening the understanding of the dynamic interaction between the actuator and the external flow. To do this, we analyzed the dynamic interaction between a turbulent boundary layer and four types of actuators commonly used in flow control : continuous, pulsed, synthetic and sweeping jet actuators. Thus, a three-dimensional reconstruction methodology based on local time-resolved velocity measurements is developed, which enabled to restore the flow dynamics. This methodology is based on two approaches : one, involving conditional processing, and the other, involving neural networks. These methods enabled the characterization of the intrinsic dynamic of the flow induced by the actuators, as well as the dynamic of their interactions with a turbulent boundary layer. Thanks to these characterizations, the physical phenomena involved were highlighted, as well as the control mechanisms associated with them. These results can be used in future flow control studies to optimize the choice of fluid actuators, based on the configuration and the control objective
Pelce, Pierre. "Dynamique des fronts courbes". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37600359v.
Texto completo da fonteBouchard, Philippe. "Dynamique spatio-temporelle des peuplements ichtyologiques de la Durance aménagée". Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX11080.
Texto completo da fonteAstrade, Laurent. "La Saône en crue : dynamique d'un hydrosystème anthropisé". Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040076.
Texto completo da fonteThe floods of the Saone river are at the origin of the ecological specificity of the val de Saone area, representing both a main factor of the quality of environment but also a significant impediment to riparian communities. While studies of the Saone river are all necessarily influenced by problems of flooding, the main object of our research is more about understanding the dynamics of the hydrosystem during flooding, on several spatial and temporal scales. Functioning is first affected by global geomorphologic processes and major climatic changes, on a scale of 1 000 to 10 000 years. After investigating the Saone river system and changes in its flooding, we observe the geology of the basin and the history of harnessing the river, both of which are bases for the dynamics of the Saone waterlevel rise. The approach, from the scale of the slope basin, shows the importance of these factors in morphological and hydrological matters. The longitudinal heterogeneity of the Saone river waterway is considered and linked to the analysis of a flood sediment load. We next study the downstream area of the river, between Anse and Lyon, which is noted for the amplitude of its hydrological variables. On this stretch of just a few kilometers, we demonstrate how the hydrosystem is affected by phenomena of modifications in channel layout, over a scale of 10 to 100 years, quantified by the diachronic study of this watercourse since 1945-50. This next leads us to examine the Saone river banks and therefor briefer events affecting them. The purpose then, on a scale of two islands, is to study the effects of both floods a human interference on riparian forest, and to observe the influence of new hydrological conditions on the riverside area
Langlade, Laurent-Roland. "Dynamique de colonisation de la végétation pionnière des bancs de galets en rivière". Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30271.
Texto completo da fonteBouchard, Stéphane. "Relation dynamique entre les signaux électromyographiques et le couple produit au coude lors de contractions à angles constants". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60876.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteSerrat, Pierre. "Genèse et dynamique d'un système fluvial méditerranéen : le bassin de l'Agly (France)". Perpignan, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PERP0396.
Texto completo da fonteThis research work on the Agly fluvial system and its drainage basin (1045 km2) has been carried out according to a systemic approach. Various spatiotemporal scales allow to get a long-term view of the evolution and dynamics of this Mediterranean coastal river, since its gradual sinking in a mid-Miocene planation surface. .
Frangi, Jean-Pierre. "Dynamique de la couche limite de surface sahélienne". Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU30247.
Texto completo da fonteFrangi, Jean-Pierre. "Dynamique de la couche limite de surface sahélienne". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37613677j.
Texto completo da fontePanaia, Patrice. "Reconfiguration dynamique d'une antenne pour partage de fonctions". Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE4084.
Texto completo da fonteIn this work, we present the frequency agile antennas study, and the design of such reconfigurable antennas based on RF MEMS. A state of the art on agile antennas an RF MEMS allowed to RF MEMS to choose the suitable devices. A first topic concerns a PIFA antenna with an open slot on the radiating element. The addition of a short circuit in a given position allows to obtain the resonance frequency shift. The short circuit made up, in a first time, with a piece of copper placed inside the slot, allows to model the MEMS active component? The final goal being to replace this short circuit by a RF MEMS placed on the radiating element, measurements were made to validate the concept. On this antenna, the MEMS position is optimized and the DC bias circuitry interactions are minimized, by using microstrip lines on the radiating element. Two prototypes of antennas with RF MEMS allowed to obtain the resonance switching. A second printed antenna fed by coplanar waveguide line was studied. This IFA antenna has to allow a switching between the bandwidth of the IEE802. 11b/g and IEE802. 11a/h standards. The switching is realized by two MEMS activated simultaneously. The first simulations were made by modelling the RF MEMS by two air gaps for the “OFF” state and by the whole structure for the “ON” state. A analyze on the location of the bias activation of the MEMS was made to optimize the concept. The passive structure gives results close to the simulation, but some frequency shifts can be observed on the active structure. Two types of packaged RF MEMS series switches were used. The first one is thermally actuated with a 2V bias. The second one, which os electrostatically actuated, needs 20 supply voltages. Therefore a new reconfigurable IFA antenna between ISM 24 and 61 GHz bands was simulated on a high resistivity silicon substrate to allow the integration of RF MEMS and the antenna
Kianicka, Irenej. "Dynamique laryngée au cours des apnées en période périnatale chez l'agneau". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq26383.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteToutiri, Corneille. "Modélisation dynamique et thermique d'une fibre de verre en cours d'étirage". Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT2261.
Texto completo da fonteKianicka, Irenej. "Dynamique laryngée au cours des apnées en période périnatale chez l'agneau". Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1997.
Encontre o texto completo da fontePonce, Mario. "Courbes invariantes pour les dynamiques holomorphes fibrées". Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112066.
Texto completo da fonteA fibered holomorphic transformation (FHD) is a fibered continuous function (\theta,z)\to (\theta+\alpha,f_{\theta}(z)), defined in a product T^{1}\times U, where U\subset C is an open set, \alpha is an irrational number and f_{\theta} is a univalent function for every \theta\in T^{1}. We focus on the study of invariant curves. These objects play the role of a center for local dynamics. This work has two main parts. The first part contains a study of the local dynamics around an invariant curve. We show that this dynamics is controlled by some infinitesimal data associated to the curve (multiplier and fibered rotation number). Indeed, in chapter 2 we prove that non-indifferent invariant curves are linearizable; the equivalence between Lyapunov stability and linearization in the indifferent case; a Siegel linearization theorem for the fibered case; and a fibered version of the P\'erez-Marco hedgehogs theorem. The second part contains the main results of this work. In this part we focus on persistence of an invariant curve under small perturbations. In chapter 3 we prove the persistence of non-indifferent curves. In chapter 4 and 5 we treat persistence of indifferent, zero degree invariant curves, with a given fibered rotation number. In chapter 4 we prove that in the C^{\infty} class persistence of the curve occurs provided that the pair of rotation numbers verifies a diophantine-like arithmetical condition. We also show that this condition is optimal. In chapter 5 we prove that in the analytical class persistence of the curve occurs provided that the pair of rotation numbers verifies a Brjuno-like arithmetical condition. We also show a parametrized version of the main theorem
Pinot, Jean-Michel. "Dynamique de la couche de surface en mer baleare". Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066669.
Texto completo da fonteCéolin, Denis. "Dynamique de relaxation de molécules excitées en couche interne". Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112037.
Texto completo da fonteThe excitation of core orbitals by a soft X-ray radiation carries a molecular system in electronic states of which the potential surfaces are very high in energy. The mechanisms of relaxation of these very unstable intermediate states are complex and bring in, on the same time scale, the nuclear motion and the reorganization of the electronic cloud. The dissociation of H2O and CO2 resonantly excited on the respective transitions 01s^(-1)-2b-2 and C1s^(-1)-2π-u are illustrating the evidence of the influence of geometry change in the intermediate state by the measurement in coincidence of an Auger electron with an ion. In order to obtain the complete orientation of the ions momenta, we have developed a new time of flight mass spectrometer coupled with a position sensitive detector. The performances are illustrated by the first results obtained on N2 and by the comparison of the kinetic energy released in the O+ and CO+ ions created after core excitation of CO2. A photoselective fragmentation of the hexaméthyldisiloxane molecule (CH3)6Si2O after silicon 2p or carbon 1s inner-shell ionization has been obtained. The correlation of the lowest electronic states of the dication, with the created fragments shows that the dissociation is dependent on the initially ionized site. Additional experiments of two threshold electrons-ion coincidences as well as theoretical calculations allowed to explain the almost exclusive production of the ((CH3)2SiOSi (CH3)2)^2+ for the lowest internal energy states of the doubly charged ion
Ollive, Vincent. "Dynamique d'occupation anthropique et dynamique alluviale du Rhin au cours de l'Holocène: géoarchéologie du site d'Oedenburg (Haut-Rhin, France)". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00684794.
Texto completo da fonteOllive, Vincent. "Dynamique d’occupation anthropique et dynamique alluviale du Rhin au cours de l’Holocène : géoarchéologie du site d’Oedenburg (Haut-Rhin, France)". Dijon, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00684794v2.
Texto completo da fonteA wide methodological approach has been completed on a part of the Upper Rhine River. This dataset shows : 1/ documentary flood frequency variations of the Rhine River and 13 other rivers during the last 800 years. 2/ changes in the Rhine River and floodplain dynamics during Little Ice Age before major anthropogenic river management of 19th century. Planform changes, riverine forest, land use evolution, and anthropological settlement processes are described and quantified. These results allow the identification of major stratigraphic agent factors role responsible of these changes. 3/ the alluvial landscape character where the Oedenburg site settled, together with the evolution of the riverine forest influenced by the Rhine River hydrodynamics. 4/ of settlement dynamics during Antiquity. Four major settlement phases have been evidenced by spatial distribution analysis of roman coins found by pedestrian prospecting during the last twenty years. Settlement dynamics may have been influenced by either historical or environmental impacts. 5/ variations in alluvial dynamics of the Rhine River during Antiquity such as high water table or flooding events
Ben, Ayed Abdesslem. "Étude de la dynamique actuelle du bassin-versant du Masri. Nord-est de la dorsale tunisienne". Caen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CAEN1024.
Texto completo da fonteThe basin side at the Masri know an rate ablation, the more high of the Tunisia. The study at the present dynamic schow which the man action is characterized by an ancient exploitation, with an important clearment ant the expansion an open cerealcultivation. That action was reflected on the biocenose, with a development a scondary, low and open forest vegetable formation and a qualitative and quantitative animal change. While the morphogenesis stay dominate by humid climate with a season contrast, develop the landslides and the linear stream. This study permit a identifing some progressive dynamic unity and other regressive and at reveal the prominent rock structures, climate and man factors in the present dynamic. While the seismicity part is weak and we note the absence at a climate change during the recent period
Chen, Shouyi. "Caractérisation de la dynamique de coupe en usinage". Compiègne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996COMPD904.
Texto completo da fonteBourbousse, Clara. "Dynamiques chromatiniennes au cours de la photomorphogenèse chez Arabidopsis thaliana". Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112097.
Texto completo da fonteChromatin states can be studied both at the level of individual transcriptional units by molecular approaches or at the larger scale of heterochromatin by cytogenetic approaches. These two levels of chromatin organization are dynamic and influence all nuclear processes. The objective was to enhance the understanding of chromatin dynamics at these two scales in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, focusing on a major developmental transition, photomorphogenesis. The process of de-etiolation involves the reprogramming of the expression of hundreds of genes in response to the perception of light therefore constituting an excellent experimental system. The first part of the work shows that reprogramming of genome expression during photomorphogenesis is associated with heterochromatin dynamics that is differentially regulated in the hypocotyls and the cotyledons. These widespread dynamics have local consequences, as the decompacted states are associated with reactivation of heterochromatic repeat elements. In the second part, the transcriptional repressor DE-ETIOLATED-1 (DET1) was used to investigate the involvement of photomorphogenesis regulators in chromatin mechanisms. This major repressor of photomorphogenesis can bind histone H2B and influences the overall level of mono-ubiquitinated H2B (H2Bub). As part of my thesis, I uncovered the existence of genetic interactions between DET1 and the genes controlling H2Bub homeostasis and also a defect in the regulation of the chromatin around the 45S and 5S ribosomal genes in the mutant det1-1. These data have led me to propose a model involving DET1 in the differential regulation of H2Bub in heterochromatin and euchromatin, thus constituting for the first time a link between photomorphogenesis regulators and histone modifications. Because the H2Bub mark has been directly linked to transcriptional activity in a diverse range of eukaryotes, I analysed the impact of H2Bub on gene expression during photomorphogenesis in the third part of my thesis. The combination of transcriptomic and epigenomic approaches showed that the gain of H2Bub is associated with gene induction. The use of a hub1 mutant in which H2Bub deposition is abolished also revealed the role of this mark for the rapid control of many genes. In general terms, this work has revealed both dynamic chromatin changes that result in major genome reorganizations at the cytological scale and fine variations of histone modifications on euchromatic genes, as well as the role of DET1 in regulating these changes. My study paves the way for further studies on the connections between these two scales of dynamics and their function in the nuclear localization and changes in expression of genes in the overall context of light signaling
Cazelles, Bernard. "Modélisation d'un écosystème lotique : dynamique du carbone organique dissous et des microorganismes benthiques dans un cours d'eau cours". Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10068.
Texto completo da fonteHubaud, Alexis. "Dynamique de la signalisation cellulaire au cours de la segmentation des Vertébrés". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ101/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe segmentation of the anteroposterior axis in somites is a major feature of Vertebrates. This process relies on an oscillator, the “segmentation clock”. The present thesis addresses the signaling dynamics regulating this process. We studied the transcriptional regulation of Mesp2 and showed that Tbx6 controls its expression in chicken. We established an ex vivo experimental system with stable oscillations of the cyclic gene Lfng. We demonstrated the existence of a population behavior that controls the generation of oscillations and involves the Notch pathway and mechanical factors. We interpreted these observations in the framework of an excitable oscillator. Moreover, we evidenced a dose-dependent effect of Fgf signaling on cell determination that challenges current models of segmentation. Furthermore, this experimental system has enabled us to identify a role of the translation rate on the clock period. Last, we showed ongoing work aiming to recapitulate the segmentation in vitro using differentiated mouse embryonic stem cells
Palette, Xavier. "Le facteur atrial natriurétique : étude dynamique au cours de valvuloplasties aortiques percutanées". Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P011.
Texto completo da fonteGaridel-Thoron, Thibault de. "Dynamique climatique de l'Océan Pacifique ouest équatorial au cours du Pléistocène récent". Aix-Marseille 3, 2002. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008934.
Texto completo da fonteUsing planktonic foraminifera and coccolithophorids, we investigated past climate dynamics of the western equatorial Pacific warm pool (WPWP)during the Late Pleistocene. We developped a new planktonic foraminifera transfer function, not biased by the ecosystem structure. Using this method, the last 185 kyrs SSTs in the WPWP oscillated between 27 and 29. 5ʿC, in agreement with alkenones estimates. The "deep" atmospheric convection over the WPWP was thus a stable feature of the Late Pleistocene climate. As revealed by nannoflora, the precession cycles appear to force a rocking of the Indo-Pacific thermocline, following an "El Niño-Southern Oscillation-like" mechanism. At millenial time-scale, the Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles were find in past changes in East Asian winter monsoon. A 1500 yrs cycle imprints this 200 kyrs monsoon record. A high-resolution record of carbon isotopic changes in the WPWP, exhibits the occurrence of large methane gas-hydrates releases during the last glacial stage
Ngomanda, Alfred. "Dynamique des écosystèmes forestiers du gabon au cours des cinq derniers millénaires". Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20146.
Texto completo da fonteMACHENAUD, MENUT SOPHIE. "Dynamique du genome et initiation de la replication au cours du developpement". Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066560.
Texto completo da fonteBeaufort, Luc. "Dynamique du nannoplancton calcaire au cours du Néogène : implications climatiques et océanographiques". Lyon 1, 1991. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02307706/document.
Texto completo da fonteHamon, Pauline. "Etude de la dynamique des phagocytes mononucléés au cours du processus inflammatoire". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066435/document.
Texto completo da fonteContrariwise to the original dogma established by van Furth on the Mononuclear Phagocyte System (MPs), it is now suggested that monocyte fate and functions should not be restricted to macrophage precursors. Experimental evidences show that monocytes can circulate in tissues without differentiating and most of the tissue associated macrophages have embryonic origin. My thesis work focused on migratory activity and effective functions of monocytes and macrophages based on intravital imaging technology. This approach represent a unique tool to study the dynamic of MPs between the vasculature and tissue parenchyma. Our work provided new insights in the role of CX3CR1 in the monocyte deployment during acute inflammatory response.In a model of pulmonary metastases, we also demonstrated that monocytes represent only one part of tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) and the other part is constituted by lung interstitial macrophages. These different subsets of TAMs seem to contribute differently in tumor development and response to chemotherapy.Overall my work provides new insights about monocyte biology beyond their macrophage precursor fate and presents new concepts on the origin of TAMs. It also adds new perspectives in the understanding of biological mechanism regulated by MPs and in the control of the inflammatory response
Hamon, Pauline. "Etude de la dynamique des phagocytes mononucléés au cours du processus inflammatoire". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2017PA066435.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteContrariwise to the original dogma established by van Furth on the Mononuclear Phagocyte System (MPs), it is now suggested that monocyte fate and functions should not be restricted to macrophage precursors. Experimental evidences show that monocytes can circulate in tissues without differentiating and most of the tissue associated macrophages have embryonic origin. My thesis work focused on migratory activity and effective functions of monocytes and macrophages based on intravital imaging technology. This approach represent a unique tool to study the dynamic of MPs between the vasculature and tissue parenchyma. Our work provided new insights in the role of CX3CR1 in the monocyte deployment during acute inflammatory response.In a model of pulmonary metastases, we also demonstrated that monocytes represent only one part of tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) and the other part is constituted by lung interstitial macrophages. These different subsets of TAMs seem to contribute differently in tumor development and response to chemotherapy.Overall my work provides new insights about monocyte biology beyond their macrophage precursor fate and presents new concepts on the origin of TAMs. It also adds new perspectives in the understanding of biological mechanism regulated by MPs and in the control of the inflammatory response
Creuzé, des Châtelliers Michel. "Dynamique de répartition des biocénoses interstitielles du Rhône en relation avec des caractéristiques géomorphologiques (secteurs de Brégnier-Cordon, Miribel-Jonage et Donzère-Mondragon)". Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10033.
Texto completo da fonteEDOUARD, SANDRINE. "Dynamique et chimie du vortex polaire : le probleme de l'ozone". Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066071.
Texto completo da fonteMusy, Olivier. "La dynamique de l'inflation dans les modèles néo-keynésiens". Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX24009.
Texto completo da fonteDa, Fonseca José. "Aspects dynamiques et statistiques des actifs financiers". Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10115.
Texto completo da fonteDumas, Pascal. "Les Crustacés souterrains, indicateurs naturels de l'aquifère alluvial de l'Ariège (France, Pyrénées) : cas de la conception de processus dynamiques". Toulouse 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU30172.
Texto completo da fonteSimon, Marc. "Dynamique de relaxation de molécules polyatomiques excitées en couche interne". Paris 11, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA112468.
Texto completo da fonteCorenblit, Dov. "Structure et dynamique du paysage fluvial : études des rétroactions entre processus hydro-géomorphologiques et dynamique de la végétation du Tech (Pyrénées orientales)". Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30197.
Texto completo da fonteGaillard, Stéphan. "L'Aube : dynamique morphosédimentaire holocène et fonctionnement actuel d'un hydrosystème à faible énergie". Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040319.
Texto completo da fonteHammouch, Zakia. "Etude mathématique et numérique de quelques problèmes issus de la dynamique des fluides". Amiens, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AMIE0626.
Texto completo da fonteThe main topic of this work is to study some boundary layer equations, of Newtonian (or non-Newtonian) and incompressible fluids in a steady laminar flow. The first chapter is devoted to recall some known results about the physical models and the previous works. In the second chapter we study the well-known Falkner-Skan problem, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for existence of similarity solutions to this problem. We also study a critical case of the Falkner-Skan flow, and then we confirm our theoretical results by some numerical calculations. The third chapter deals with a steady laminar mixed convection, we give some results about existence, nonuniqueness and asymptotic behaviour of solutions. In the case of a non-Newtonian fluid, we use the same approach in chapter 4 to study the resulting problem. Finally in chapter 5, we provide a mathematical analysis to prove existence of some exact solutions to a special case of the flow of non-Newtonian fluids
Clarisse, Olivier. "Approche géochimique du fonctionnement et de la dynamique des vasières de l'estuaire de la Seine". Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-105.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteLe, Greneur Coralie. "Dynamique d'expression et rôle du gène Otx2 au cours du développement du cervelet". Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE4117.
Texto completo da fonteDuring development of the central nervous system, transcription factors control the activity of various genes in space and time and choreograph the formation of specialized functional structures. Among genes coding for such factors, the Otx2 gene plays an important role during the formation and specification of anterior regions of the brain throughout embryonic development. Otx2 is also expressed in the cerebellum, a structure responsible for fine motor coordination? Conditional knockout of Otx2 gene revealed that its expression is needed for proper cerebellum development. Moreover, medulloblastomas, the most common cerebral tumours in children and that affects the cerebellum, often show an overexpression or an amplification of the Otx2 gene. Thus a thight regulation of Otx2 expression level is important during cerebellum development. Our aim was to understand how Otx2is involved in cerebellar development? First, the dynamics of Otx2 protein expression was analyzed throughout development of the cerebellum. Our results show that the protein is expressed in granule cell precursors of the posterior region from E13. 5 on, at the beginning of cerebellum formation, and that this expression persists in granule cells at the adult stage. Then, we analyzed the fate of Otx2-positivze precursors. These analyses revealed that during early development, Otx2 is expressed in precursors before they reach the rhombic lip, the germinal epithelium producing notably granule cells. This result opens exciting perspectives since origin the cells that constitute the rhombic lip is unknown. Finally, the role of Otx2 in granule cell precursors during the late phase of cerebellum formation has been studied using a conditional knockout strategy. These experiments show that inactivation of Otx2 leads to hypoplasia of the posterior region of the cerebellum. This phenotype is linked to deregulation of granule cell precursor’s development shortly after loss of Otx2. Our studies refine our knowledge of the dynamics of Otx2 gene expression and improve our understanding of its role during the development of the posterior region of the cerebellum
Gomez, Marie-Léandre. "Dynamique de la construction de connaissances organisationnelles au cours de pratiques de planification". Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100015.
Texto completo da fonteWhereas organizational knowledge has become a major concern for both researchers and pratitioners, the effects of managerial practices on knowledge construction remain to explore. This research aims to anlyze the nature of organizational knowledge construction and to investigate its dynamics during planning practices. Within a socio-constructivist perpective, knowledge is structured, used and re constructed through action in a social context, and organizational knowledge is knowledge relevant for organizational action. The state of the art orientates this research towards logic of discovery. The goal is to understand bad-known phenomena and to provoke the emergence of new theoretical elements. It is based on the principles of abduction. It elabores conjectures on the mechanisms of organizational knowledge construction and propôsitions about the effects of planning practices on knowledge construction. .
Doledec, Sylvain. "Les peuplements de macroinvertébrés benthiques du cours inférieur de l'Ardèche : dynamique spatio-temporelle". Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO19003.
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