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Pereda Rodríguez, Yoelys, Sissy del Campo Martínez, Lázaro Pablo Linares Cánovas, Olga Inguanzo Llauel e Marta María Pérez Martin. "Risk behaviors in adolescents. Medical office 59. Policlínico Turcios lima". SCT Proceedings in Interdisciplinary Insights and Innovations 1 (10 de dezembro de 2023): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.56294/piii2023128.
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Introduction. Adolescence is one of the most important periods of human life. The consumption of alcohol and drugs constitutes one of the possible ways for adolescents to “experience” new ways of acting and feeling. Objectives. To evaluate the risk behavior towards the consumption of alcoholic beverages and cigarettes in adolescents of clinic 59 of the “Luis A Turcios Lima” Polyclinic, from July to December 2022. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in 47 adolescents, matching the universe with the sample. The variables studied were: age of onset of smoking and drinking, place where the risky behaviors began, coexistence with alcoholic or smoking family members. Knowledge about the harmful effects of alcoholism and smoking. A survey was applied. Results: 97.8% of the adolescents with risky behaviors started them after 14 years of age and 59.5% were at parties and 29.7% with friends. 74.4 % had no family history of alcoholics and smokers and 65.9 % had inadequate knowledge about the harmful effects of smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages. Conclusions: Most adolescents started smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages after the age of 14 years, at parties and with friends, a large number of them do not live with alcoholics or smokers. There is inadequate knowledge about the harmful effects of smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages
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Grigor’eva, Irina N. "Pancreatic cancer risk: alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages". Terapevticheskii arkhiv 94, n.º 2 (15 de fevereiro de 2022): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/00403660.2022.02.201375.
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This article provides an overview of the metaanalyzes (PubMed, 19952019) of alcohol and non-alcoholic (coffee, tea, dairy products) beverage consumption in relation to risk of pancreatic cancer PC (PubMed, 19952019). Increased the PC risk was associated with high alcohol intake. The increased risk for heavy drinking did not explained by residual confounding by history of pancreatitis or tobacco smoking or diabetes. Light-moderate alcohol intake may reduced the PC risk, probably due to the fasting insulin levels decrement, which leads to the diminished the РС risk. The association between alcohol and the PC was stronger in men than in women. Some metaanalyzes demonstrated that a small amount of coffee may reduce PC risk, and a large amount to increase PC risk. Another meta-analyzes have not confirmed any association between the PC risk and coffee or tea consumption. One meta-analysis revealed a direct association of the PC risk with the dairy products consumption, but most research showed no such connection. Nutrition is considered to be associated with the PC risk, but the degree of risk due to structure of beverages consumption (dose, duration, alcohol, coffee, tea, dairy products pattern) is still not clear.
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Bhattacharjee, Darshana. "Mate Drinks: Evolution, History, and Contemporary Times!" Praxis International Journal of Social Science and Literature 6, n.º 7 (25 de julho de 2023): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.51879/pijssl/060706.
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Stimulating beverages are often consumed by people because these help them to rejuvenate. There are a variety of non-alcoholic drinks that are prepared for consumption daily. Caffeine is the primary stimulant observed in most beverages like coffee and tea. People worldwide consume this drink. On the other hand, green tea is a new but popular concoction prepared by steeping green tea leaves, but the caffeine content here is low enough. Therefore, despite the benefits of green tea, people still searched for a potent caffeine drink that was not safe for regular consumption. In the search for appropriate caffeinated drinks, the name Yerba Mate features a prominent one. Yerba mate is extracted from Ilex paraguariensis plants, commonly found in North-East Argentina, Southern Brazil, and Paraguay. Yerba Mate is not a discovery. People traditionally consumed it as a hot or cold beverage before the Spanish colonial era. It was common among the Káingang and Guaraní people. The Yerba Mate became famous in South America during the Spanish colonial era. In the 1900s, Julio Martin initiated the first commercial and organized production of Yerba Mate. Argentina is the biggest producer and exporter of Yerba Mate among other South American countries. Several different varieties of tea are available for consumption, but the drinking of Yerba Mate is associated with a friendly gesture, and its drinking is rooted in deep social ties. The sense of sharing in a community is a prominent feature associated with the drinking of Yerba Mate. Sharing the drink in a community serves as an invitation to open communication among people. The custom of giving messages through the Yerba Mate drink is age-old. For instance, if a woman served Yerba Mate to a Man with lemon verbena leaves, it hinted love. On the other hand, if the drink was served with bombú tree leaves, it showed rejection. During the Pandemic, the physical sharing custom of the drink replaced this tradition with video sharing. But this brought people closer in another form. The popularity of Yerba Mate, with its social roots, made its way into the world. The study aims to document the history and present popularity of Yerba Mate. Apart from the social and aphrodisiac nature of the drink, the study also focuses on the benefits of Yerba Mate. The research compares Yerba Mate with other popular beverages to assess the effectiveness of this drink.
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Skrzynski, Carillon J., Kasey G. Creswell, Timothy Verstynen, Rachel L. Bachrach e Tammy Chung. "The influence of negative mood on solitary drinking preference: An experiment with young adult solitary drinkers". PLOS ONE 16, n.º 2 (18 de fevereiro de 2021): e0247202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247202.
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Solitary drinking is a risk marker for alcohol use disorder; thus, it is important to identify why individuals drink alone and for whom this association is particularly relevant. Evidence suggests the desire to ameliorate negative affect (NA) motivates solitary drinking, with some individuals particularly likely to drink alone to cope, but all past studies are cross-sectional. The present study therefore aimed to determine whether 1) experimentally induced NA increased preferences to drink alcohol alone, and 2) whether the relationship between NA and choosing to drink alcohol alone was moderated by neuroticism, drinking to cope motives, and social anxiety. Current drinkers (ages 21-29) with a solitary drinking history (N=126) were randomly assigned to either NA, positive affect [PA], or no affect change (control) conditions via differing cognitive task feedback. After the mood manipulation, participants chose between drinking alcoholic or nonalcoholic beverages in one of two contexts: alone or socially. Evidence regarding effectiveness of the mood manipulation was mixed, and few chose non-alcoholic beverages in either context. Condition did not influence outcome choice. Across conditions, increases in NA and the importance placed on receiving one’s context choice were associated with solitary (versus social) alcohol preference. Neuroticism and its interaction with NA change also influenced choice; individuals high in neuroticism chose more solitary (versus social) drinking contexts while the opposite was true for those low in neuroticism, and among the latter, the preference difference was more pronounced with relatively smaller NA increases. Findings are discussed based on the existing solitary drinking literature.
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Lowe, Gordon, Gerald Shaper, Peter Whincup, Ann Rumley, Mary Walker, Lucy Lennon e Sasiwarang Goya Wannamethee. "The effects of different alcoholic drinks on lipids, insulin and haemostatic and inflammatory markers in older men". Thrombosis and Haemostasis 90, n.º 12 (2003): 1080–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th03-04-0221.
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SummaryLight to moderate drinking is associated with lower risk of coronary heart (CHD) than non-drinkers. We have examined the relationships between total alcohol intake and type of alcoholic beverage and several potential biological mechanisms.We carried out the study in 3158 men aged 60-79 years drawn from general practices in 24 British towns with no history of myocardial infarction, stroke or diabetes and who were not on warfarin. Total alcohol consumption showed a significant positive dose-response relationship with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), coagulation factor IX, haematocrit, blood viscosity, and tissue plasminogen (t-PA) antigen, and an inverse dose-response relationship with insulin, fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor (vWF) and triglycerides after adjustment for possible confounders. Total alcohol consumption showed weak associations with plasma viscosity and fibrin D-dimer, and no association with factors VII, VIII, or C-reactive protein (CRP). Wine was specifically associated with lower CRP, plasma viscosity, factor VIII and triglycerides.The findings are consistent with the suggestion that HDL-C in particular but also insulin and haemostatic factors may contribute to the beneficial effect of light to moderate drinking on risk of CHD.Wine has effects that may confer greater protection than other alcoholic beverages.
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Skourlis, Nikolaos, Paraskevi Massara, Ioannis Patsis, Eleni Peppa, Klea Katsouyanni e Antonia Trichopoulou. "Long-Term Trends (1994–2011) and Predictors of Total Alcohol and Alcoholic Beverages Consumption: The EPIC Greece Cohort". Nutrients 13, n.º 9 (1 de setembro de 2021): 3077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13093077.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the longitudinal changes in alcohol consumption (total alcohol and types of alcoholic beverages) of the Greek EPIC cohort participants (28,572) during a 17-year period (1994–2011), with alcohol information being recorded repeatedly over time. Descriptive statistics were used to show crude trends in drinking behavior. Mixed-effects models were used to study the consumption of total alcohol, wine, beer and spirits/other alcoholic beverages in relation to birth cohort, socio-demographic, lifestyle and health factors. We observed a decreasing trend of alcohol intake as age increased, consistent for total alcohol consumption and the three types of beverages. Older birth cohorts had lower initial total alcohol consumption (8 vs. 10 g/day) and steeper decline in wine, spirits/other alcoholic beverages and total alcohol consumption compared to younger cohorts. Higher education and smoking at baseline had a positive association with longitudinal total alcohol consumption, up to +30% (vs. low education) and more than +25% (vs. non-smoking) respectively, whereas female gender, obesity, history of heart attack, diabetes, peptic ulcer and high blood pressure at baseline had a negative association of −85%, −25%, −16%, −37%, −22% and −24% respectively. Alcohol consumption changed over age with different trends among the studied subgroups and types of alcohol, suggesting targeted monitoring of alcohol consumption.
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MAGER, ANNE. "THE FIRST DECADE OF ‘EUROPEAN BEER’ IN APARTHEID SOUTH AFRICA: THE STATE, THE BREWERS AND THE DRINKING PUBLIC, 1962–72". Journal of African History 40, n.º 3 (novembro de 1999): 367–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853799007495.
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The study of liquor provides an opportunity for re-examining relations between states and economies. Recent works in European social history have shown that liquor occupies an ambiguous space between economic, social and cultural production while studies of liquor in colonial Africa repeatedly raise the problem of how economic freedoms pertaining to liquor were constructed in relation to the perceived character of persons in society. More specifically, the notion of ‘European liquor’ in colonial discourse suggests that the liquor of colonial masters should be aspired to. ‘European liquor’ was repeatedly contrasted to indigenous brews of lower alcoholic content that were pronounced to be uncivilized and primitive. It implied that drinkers of sorghum beer, palm wine and other beverages fermented from African grains and fruits would progress to the ‘superior’ beverages of their colonial masters. Critically, it assumed that transition to the higher alcoholic content required the discipline of ‘European’ lifestyles. Gradualism, however, often gave way to expediency. Colonial regimes repeatedly set aside fears of the effect of ‘foreign’ liquor on African subjects in the interest of revenue and political gains. The importation of gin by the colonial authority in Ghana provided the regime with revenue for its administration; in colonial Nigeria and elsewhere, liquor was used by the state as a means of winning allies among chiefs.
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Zakharov, Anton. "Perceptions of Alcoholic Drinks in Ancient India: Theory and Practice". Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, n.º 5 (2022): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080018609-6.
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Ancient Indian treatises on religious piety—dharmasūtra and dharmaśāstra—shame alcoholic drinks and drinking. Although there were many weak alcoholic beverages like beer, there is still a quarrel of distillation. Robert Marshall, Frank Raymond Allchin and Marianne Oort believe there was a distillation in the Vedic and later times, i.e. in the first millennium BCE. James McHugh and Irfan Habib connect distillation with the early second millennium CE. My paper treats perceptions of alcoholic drinks and drinking in Ancient India during early centuries CE, as evidenced by the Sanskrit classical treatises. The Laws of Manu, or Manusmṛti, blames drinking (pāna, mada, madyapa) and drinks (surā, madya) but admits their daily presence and naturalness for humankind. The Manusmṛti and Arthaśāstra give an evidence against distillation in the first centuries CE. The Arthaśāstra recommends and regulates liquor trade and the quality of various liquors, including surā made from grain, and grape wine, or madhu. The recipes described in the Arthaśāstra imply the wide use of spices, molasses, fruits and flowers of various plants in making various alcoholic drinks, including maireya and āsava. In the Kāmasūtra, surā, maireya, āsava, and grape wine are attributes of conversation with courtesans and of a household. According to the Kāmasūtra, a good woman has to make surā and āsava. The medical treatise of Ancient India Suśrutasaṃhitā recommends a moderate consumption of intoxicating drinks. Aśvaghoṣa’s Buddhacaritam—Acts of the Buddha—and Kālidāsa’s play Shakuntala are evidence of everyday drinking in Ancient India of the early first millennium CE.
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Bellentani, S., G. Saccoccio, G. Costa, C. Tiribelli, F. Manenti, M. Sodde, L. Saveria Croce’ et al. "Drinking habits as cofactors of risk for alcohol induced liver damage". Gut 41, n.º 6 (1 de dezembro de 1997): 845–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.41.6.845.
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Background—The Dionysos Study is a cohort study of the prevalence of chronic liver disease in the general population of two northern Italian communities. It included 6917 subjects, aged 12–65 (69% of the total population).Aims—The aim of this part of the study was to examine the relationship of daily alcohol intake, type of alcoholic beverage consumed, and drinking patterns to the presence of alcohol induced liver damage in an open population.Patients and methods—6534 subjects, free of virus related chronic liver disease and participating in the first cross-sectional part of the study, were fully examined. Each subject underwent: (a) medical history and physical examination, (b) evaluation of alcohol intake using an illustrated dietary questionnaire, and (c) routine blood tests. More invasive diagnostic procedures were performed when indicated.Results—Multivariate analysis showed that the risk threshold for developing either cirrhosis or non-cirrhotic liver damage (NCLD) was ingestion of more than 30 g alcohol per day in both sexes. Using this definition, 1349 individuals (21% of the population studied) were at risk. Of these, only 74 (5.5% of the individuals at risk) showed signs of liver damage. The prevalence of “pure” alcoholic cirrhosis was 0.43% (30 of 6917), representing 2.2% of the individuals at risk, with a ratio of men to women of 9:1, while 44 (3.3% of the individuals at risk) showed persistent signs of NCLD. After 50 years of age, the cumulative risk of developing both NCLD and cirrhosis was significantly higher (p<0.0001) for those individuals who regularly drank alcohol both with and without food than for those who drank only at mealtimes.Conclusions—Our data show that in an open population the risk threshold for developing cirrhosis and NCLD is 30 g ethanol/day, and this risk increases with increasing daily intake. Drinking alcohol outside mealtimes and drinking multiple different alcoholic beverages both increase the risk of developing alcohol induced liver damage.
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Limbu, Umbu Nataniel, Antonia Paulina Bao, Victoria Coo Lea, Christianus Y. N. Bhae e Prihatin Prihatin. "Etnoscience of Traditional Alcoholic Beverages (Moke Putih) of Ngada East Nusa Tenggara". Jurnal Biologi Tropis 24, n.º 2 (27 de junho de 2024): 872–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v24i2.6874.
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Ngada district has a traditional drink called moke putih. Moke putih is a traditional alcoholic beverage made from the Aren’s water (Arenga pinnata Merr.) that is found in Flores. For the people of Ngada, moke putih is a symbol of being kind and harmony, and the consumption of moke has become a lifestyle for most people in there. This drink has a lot of potential because it has strong historical elements and cultural values. The purpose of this research is to know the history, processing, and the connection between moke putih and the culture of Ngada. The research method is a qualitative approach to ethnoscience through purposive sampling techniques and snowball samplings from villages with 10 respondents and data collection through interviews, observations, and documentation. Moke Putih is a traditional drink that has been passed down from generation to generation and is closely related to the culture, customs, and characteristics of the Ngada people. White moke is made from slicing the fruit stalks of the sap tree, and this drink is used at every traditional event and in daily activities as a substitute for drinking water.
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Ferreira Freire, Victor Antonio, Dianndra Silveira Martins, Maria Emanuelle de França Antunes Reis, Thiago Augusto Rosa, Luiz Fernando Moreira Izidoro, Alexandre Azenha Alves de Rezende e Luciana Karen Calábria. "Tracking of risk factors for non-communicable diseases in young shooters, Ituiutaba, MG". Acta Scientiarum. Health Sciences 43 (13 de outubro de 2021): e54483. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascihealthsci.v43i1.54483.
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The aim of this study was to detect early hypertension, diabetes and obesity, as well as their risk factors, in 105 young shooters from Tiro de Guerra 11-002 in the city of Ituiutaba-MG. This is a cross-sectional mixed study. A semi-structured questionnaire that contained questions related to the sociodemographic context, health status, lifestyle, eating habits, and psychosocial variables was applied. Blood pressure, anthropometric indexes, and lipid and glycemic profiles were measured. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including Pearson’s correlation test and Spearman’s coefficient, considering significative value (p < 0.05). The shooters had an average of 18.9 years old, most educated and brown. Anthropometric indices indicated a mainly eutrophic population, and normotensive and desirable lipid and glycemic profiles. However, overweight, high blood pressure, and self-declaration of family history for chronic diseases were identified. In addition, most shooters affirmed to ingest alcoholics beverages, to have insufficient time of physical activity, and to be aware of their levels of stress, pressure and anxiety and a few hours of sleep. Overall, the shooters showed good anthropometric and biochemical indicators of blood. Risk behavior, such as drinking alcoholic beverages and smoking, low level of physical activity and self-perception of stress, anxiety and pressure were also noted.
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Wang, Haixia, Qiling Yin, Xiaowei Zhang e Cuiqin Zhang. "On the Relationship of Socio-Economic Status and Risk Factors for Alcoholic Liver Disease in North China". Global Journal of Health Science 10, n.º 4 (28 de fevereiro de 2018): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v10n4p35.
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BACKGROUND: The present article analyses the association between socioeconomic status (includes education, occupation, income and marriage) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) risk factors (age, gender, obesity, quantity and duration of alcohol intake, alcoholic beverages, drinking patterns) in Taishan area of Shandong province, to provide scientific basis for the prevention of alcoholic liver disease for the people who mostly need it in north China.METHODS: Across-sectional survey of over 18--year-old inhabitants in Shandong Province in 2011 used multistage, randomized clustered sampling to identify 8186 subjects; 7295 (89.12%) of them were interviewed. Questionnaires, designed by co-working of epidemiologists and hepatologists, included demographic characteristics, current medication use, medical history and health-relevant behaviors, i.e. alcohol consumption, dietary habits and physical activities. Anthropometric measurements, biochemical tests and abdominal ultrasonography were carried out. The sample was determined by Chi-square test, covariance analysis and logistic regression analysis.RESULTS: Because of the small number of female drinkers, alcoholic liver disease prevalence of female was obviously lower than that of male, the very study of the male drinkers is more meaningful and can be represent the whole drinkers group to some extent. Among the four socio-economic status (SES) indicators the marriage status seemed to be the most influential factor. People (men or women) without spouse had higher risk of alcoholic liver disease risk factors than those who had spouse. The risk of people who have different occupation is different. The higher education was associated with risk of ALD.CONCLUSION: Marriage status seemed to be the most important measure of the socioeconomic indicators in relation to the alcoholic liver disease risk factors in the study of population. There is obvious relation between occupation status and alcoholic liver disease risk factors in men. The lower occupation had higher alcoholic liver disease risk factors. People with higher income and education had higher levels of drinking risk factors and lower level of obesity risk factors.
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Yu, Zhuo Lin, e Lisa Fisher. "Beer Potomania: Why Initial Fluid Resuscitation May Be Harmful". Case Reports in Nephrology 2022 (22 de abril de 2022): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8778304.
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Beer potomania is one of the less common causes of hyponatremia that we encounter. Patients usually have a recent history of binge drinking along with poor diet. The low solute content in alcoholic beverages limits daily urine output, and ingestion of extra fluid will cause dilutional hyponatremia as a result. Blindly providing intravenous fluid without an underlying cause of the hyponatremia can be detrimental, such as in patients with beer potomania. In our case, a patient presented to the emergency department due to poor oral intake from jaw pain and was found to be hyponatremic from alcohol intake. He initially received 2 liters of fluid, which caused overcorrection of his sodium, requiring more free water to lower his sodium as a result.
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Kumar, Dr Amit, e Dr Priyanka Sharma. "ALCOHOLISM AND ITS TREATMENT IN INDIA : A SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY". International Journal for Research Publication and Seminars 14, n.º 4 (2023): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.36676/jrps.2023-v14i4-011.
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Alcohol use is typically established during adolescence and initiation of use at a young age poses risks for short- and long-term health and social outcomes. However, there is limited understanding of the onset, progression and impact of alcohol use among adolescents in India. The aim of this review is to synthesise the evidence about prevalence, patterns and correlates of alcohol use and alcohol use disorders in adolescents from India. In recent years, rates of excessive alcohol use and alcohol related mortality have risen sharply in many countries. During the same period the relaxation of alcohol control measures and increased deuce have made it easier for people to obtain alcohol beverages. At the same time the production and distributing’ of alcoholic beverages involves the livelihood of millions of persons and provides very substantial revenues to Government. Patterns of alcohol use are affected by culture and history and intertwined with the rhythms of work life. Recent international research on gender and alcohol has clearly demonstrated that programs and policies that try to be gender–sensitive cannot ignore cultural influences. Large cross–national variation in gender differences in drinking behavior indicates that biological factors alone cannot account for differences in how women and men drink. To be gender– sensitive, education, prevention and treatment programs, and alcohol policies must take into account both biological differences in alcohol effects and culturally defined gender roles that specify expected and tolerated drinking behavior for women and men.
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Melo, Lauro, Greg Evans, Nicolas Le Pollès, Conor Delahunty e David N. Cox. "Predicting Wine Consumption Based on Previous ‘Drinking History’ and Associated Behaviours". Journal of Food Research 1, n.º 1 (31 de janeiro de 2012): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v1n1p79.
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<p>Associative learning processes may be related to and shape consumers’ current consumption and preferences. Past consumption, experiences and behaviour with food and beverage products are likely to have an important role. Data were collected in order to predict current wine consumption based on past experiences. Longitudinal quantitative data (N=564) on past alcoholic beverage consumption behaviour (‘drinking history’) was collected retrospectively. Results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that previous ‘drinking history’ explained 40-70% of the variance in later wine consumption patterns and that red wine consumption is a more complex behaviour compared to white wine consumption. In addition, belief-evaluations towards intrinsic product characteristics are more likely to be drivers of red wine consumption (<em>p</em><0.05), but not of white wine. Results indicated how past behaviour and experiences influence current behaviour, and identified possibilities for influencing specific wine consumption patterns.</p>
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Хайретдинова, Ольга Айбулатовна. "FORMATION OF THE STATE WINE REGALITY (MONOPOLY) IN THE 16TH - 18TH CENTURIES". Вестник Адыгейского государственного университета, серия «Регионоведение», n.º 4(289) (23 de maio de 2022): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.53598/2410-3691-2021-4-289-42-47.
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Статья является частью исследования, посвященного изучению правового статуса и норм государственного регулирования питейного промысла в России. В статье приведен анализ формирования государственной регалии на пития с XVI в. и до начала реформ Екатерины II в XVIII в. Целью ретроспективного анализа является выявление изменений в государственно-правовом регулировании питейного промысла и определение эффективности мероприятий, осуществляемых российским государством. Начиная с правления Ивана IV торговля алкоголем рассматривалась государством как источник пополнения казны. Но на разных этапах истории России винная монополия сталкивалась с различными проблемами: тайным корчемством, вольным обращением с казенными доходами, распространением пьянства и беспорядков из-за чрезмерной активности откупщиков в попытках собрать прибыль на питейный налог, конкуренцией между целовальниками и откупщиками за сбыт алкоголя, конкуренцией дворянства и купечества за право производства хмельных напитков, проблемами со сбором доходов от продажи питей в казну и др. Перечисленный перечень проблем стал причиной того, что Екатерина II решила радикально изменить порядок регулирования винокурения, а также винной торговли. This paper is part of a research devoted to the study of the law status and rules of state regulation of the drinking industry in Russia. The author analyzes the formation of the state alcohol monopoly from the 16th century until the beginning of the reforms of Catherine II in the 18th century. The purpose of the retrospective analysis is to characterize changes in the state-legal regulation of drinking trade and to analyze the effectiveness of measures carried out by the Russian state. Since the reign of Ivan IV, the alcohol trade was considered by the state as a source of replenishment of the treasury. But at different stages of Russian history, the alcohol monopoly faced various problems. Among them are the secret sale of alcoholic beverages, unfair treatment of state revenues, the spread of drunkenness and riots due to excessive activity of tax farmers in attempts to collect profits for the drinking tax, competition between "loyal people" and tax farmers for the sale of alcohol, competition of the nobility and merchants for the right to produce alcoholic beverages, problems with collecting income from the sale of alcohol drinks to the treasury, etc. The enumerated list of problems was the reason that Catherine II decided to radically change the procedure for regulating distilling industry, as well as wine trade.
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Audu, O., GO Ogbeyi, VN Omole, IA Joshua, AA Gobir e JA Anejo-Okopi. "Assessment of Sexual Risk Behaviours among Young People Patronizing Alcoholic Beverage Selling Outlets in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria". Journal of Epidemiological Society of Nigeria 3, n.º 2 (2 de dezembro de 2020): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.46912/jeson.36.
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Background: Young people constitute 16% of the global population and in Benue State Nigeria, majority of them take alcohol which is one of the identified drivers of high risk sexual behaviours. However, intervention strategies at the pubs where alcoholic beverages are sold remain peripheral. This study assessed the sexual risk taking behaviours among young people who patronized alcoholic beverage selling outlets in Makurdi, the Benue State capital.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study using interviewer administered questionnaire was conducted among 273 young people sampled from 4 night clubs and 28 bars. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between alcohol use and risky sexual practices with statistical significance set at p =0.05Results: Seventy-four percent of the respondents had history of sexual intercourse with mean age of 18.2 (±3.0) years at sexual debut. Ninety eight (48.5%) had sexual intercourse within a week prior to the study, 73.8% took alcohol before the last sexual intercourse and the practice corroborates a cycle of sexual risk behaviour which include: heterosexual (100%), one-night stand (62.2%), sex without condoms (48.0%), oral sex (42.6%), sex in exchange for money (32.7%), anal sex (26.5%) and group sex (9.2%). Those who take alcohol are 8.5 times at higher risk of engaging in anal sex {(OR- 8.464) (95% CI = 2.919 – 24.53) (p= 0.0433)}.Conclusion: Policymakers working on risk taking behaviour intervention should consider night clubs and other drinking establishments in order to mitigate the effects of diseases transmitted through high risk sexual behavior among young people.
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Stepanov, Valerii L. "The Issues of Alcohol Production and Abuse in Russia in Mikhail Katkov's Publications". Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 67, n.º 4 (2022): 1101–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2022.405.
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The article is devoted to the study of the evolution of views on the issues of alcohol production and abuse by the largest ideologue of Russian conservatism M. N. Katkov – editor-publisher of the newspaper “Moskovskie Vedomosti” and the magazine “Russkii Vestnik”. It analyses the speeches of the famous publicist and his associates on the pages of these publications aimed at alterations in the excise system, in force since 1863, in order to limit the excessive consumption of strong alcoholic beverages and overcome its severe social consequences. The reasons that prompted the famous publicist in the early 1880s to launch a campaign for the introduction of a wine monopoly are explained: the decline of the popularity of the liberal economic doctrine in the West as a result of the world economic crisis of 1873–1878; the rise of the movement in European countries for the transfer of the drinking trade to the treasury under the influence of stagnation in agriculture; the expansion of state intervention in economic life in Russia. The article points out the arguments given by Katkov in favor of a monopoly, which, in his opinion, had to allow regulating the distillery industry, ending rampant drunkenness, eradicating drunkenness and corruption in the beverage business. It is particularly noted that Katkov considered this reform one of the main points of his program for creating a “national” economy in Russia, protected from the West by high customs barriers and assuming multilateral participation of the state in the development of the national economy, and these attitudes largely corresponded to the protectionist course of the government in the reign of the penultimate Russian tsar, Alexander III.
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Suratun, Suratun, Ni Luh Putu Ekarini e Mamah Sumartini. "Pengaruh Edukasi Gaya Hidup Sehat terhadap Pencegahan Dini Hipertensi pada Remaja". JKEP 3, n.º 2 (30 de novembro de 2018): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32668/jkep.v3i2.208.
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Hypertension is a condition of systolic pressure above 140 mmHg and diastolic pressure above 90 mmHg. Hypertension can be prevented by controlling a healthy lifestyle including sleep habits, eating habits, weight control, not smoking or drinking alcoholic beverages, exercising regularly and skillfully in managing stress. Efforts to control a healthy lifestyle by providing education. This study aims to determine the effect of healthy lifestyle education on early prevention of hypertension in adolescents. The study design used a quasi experiment pre-post test with control group. The study sample in the intervention group and the control group were 68 respondents. The sampling technique is by purposive sampling. The results showed that the respondents were on average 15 years old and most of the respondents were male in both the intervention group and the control group. Most respondents in the intervention group did not have a family history of hypertension, while in the control group most of the respondents had a history of hypertension from father or mother. There were significant differences in educating healthy lifestyles on changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the intervention group, whereas in the control group there were no significant differences.
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Das, Subir. "Effects of high dose of long-term ethanol exposure on oxidative damage of spleen in experimental rat model". INDIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY AND ALLIED SCIENCES 75, n.º 04 (31 de dezembro de 2023): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.55184/ijpas.v75i04.200.
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Background: Alcoholic beverages have been used in human societies at least since the beginning of recorded history. Research has demonstrated sufficiently to our understanding of the relation of drinking to specific disorders, and has shown that the relation between alcohol consumption and health outcomes is complex and multidimensional. Methods: In this study we had demonstrated the role of oxidative stress in long-term ethanol induced spleen damage in 16-18 week-old male albino rats of Wistar strain weighing 200- 220 g. Results: Ethanol exposure (1.6 g ethanol/ kg body wt/ day for 12 weeks) caused significant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration and activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase; while significant increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content and glutathione s-transferase activity in spleen homogenate. Conclusion: Our study revealed that higher doses of ethanol (1.6 g/ kg body weight/ day) for a long period caused significant oxidative stress in the spleen. Intermediates of oxygen reduction may be associated with the development of ethanol induced organ damage.
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Ubigli, Mario, e Maria Carla Cravero. "From the “Òstrakon” to the Art of Wine Tasting and the Measurement of Consumer Emotions". Gastronomy 2, n.º 3 (17 de julho de 2024): 102–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gastronomy2030008.
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The language of wine is richer and more complex if compared to that of other alcoholic beverages, including the tasting, production, history, and culture associated with it. The evolution of the language employed to define the quality and the characteristics of wine from the “òstrakon” of the Ancient Egyptians to the present is shown in the article. The symbolic aspects of wine, the communication of emotions, the wine sensory analysis, and the wine tasting are discussed. The glossaries which appeared in France, at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, are mentioned: they attest both the beginning of tasting, and the official recognition of the sensory evolution of wine. Moreover, some considerations are reported on some particular words employed to describe wines: vinous, aftertaste, and body. The language employed to evaluate wine is still evolving. It expresses the need and the desire to communicate and define the perceptions and the emotions derived by drinking wine. Finally, the pleasure of wine is not only a physical pleasure, but above all it is a pleasure of the brain, as well as, naturally, of the word.
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Novoselova, E. N. "To the problem of excessive alcohol consumption in Russian families". Moscow State University Bulletin. Series 18. Sociology and Political Science 26, n.º 4 (31 de dezembro de 2020): 142–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24290/1029-3736-2020-26-4-142-160.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of alcoholism in Russian families. The author gives a brief excurse into the history of alcohol consumption, dispels the myth that the Russian people never controlled consumption of alcoholic beverages. The work, relying on the latest statistics, demonstrated that despite the emerging positive trends in this area, the level of alcohol consumption (especially strong alcohol) in Russia is still very high and significantly exceeds the conditionally safe norm indicated by the WHO experts. It negatively affects the life expectancy of the Russian population, especially among men of working age. However, if previously alcoholism was predominantly masculine, today this type of addiction is becoming gender-neutral and women drink on a par with men, which will inevitably lead to an increase in mortality from alcohol-related causes among them.Particular attention is paid to the problems of families facing the problem of alcoholism among one or several of their members. It is emphasized that children are the most vulnerable in this situation because of their dependence on adults — they are not able to change the situation and are forced to live in constant conflict, stress and ill-treatment. The author notes that the violence to which not only children, but also other family members are subjected to in alcoholic families, is far from rare and extremely dangerous.The paper addresses the issue of the influence of alcoholism of adult family members on children's health. Children of dependent parents are often born sick and lag behind in physical and mental development. This is further aggravated by upbringing in an atmosphere of alcoholism, which leads to the fact that the younger generation perceives excessive alcohol consumption as the norm, adopts the habits of parents and also become dependent. Children of drinking parents also experience many complexities of a personal and interpersonal nature and are prone to auto-aggressive behavior.In conclusion, the author addresses the problem of social orphanhood arising from alcohol abuse by parents, as well as its consequences.The empirical part of the work is based on data from the World Health Organization, the Federal State Statistics Service, the Public Opinion Foundation and the All-Russian Center for the Study of Public Opinion.The article will be of interest to specialists in the field of sociology of family and health, prevention of addictive behavior, rehabilitation of people with addictions, and students of relevant specialties.
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Uzcudun, Ana Escribano, Ignacio Rabanal Retolaza, Antonio García Grande, Lara Miralles Olivar, Alfredo García García, Manuel González Barón e Javier Gavilán Bouzas. "Pharyngeal cancer prevention: evidence from a case–control study involving 232 consecutive patients". Journal of Laryngology & Otology 116, n.º 7 (julho de 2002): 523–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002221502760132395.
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The aim of this study was to determine risk factors for pharyngeal cancer and to propose 10 result-based preventive measures. It was a case-control study conducted in Madrid, Spain, with 232 consecutive patients diagnosed between January 1 1990 and December 31, 1995, sex- and age-matched with 232 control individuals with no oncological disease or history. By means of an interviewer-administered questionnaire, seven different epidemiological areas were surveyed, namely: (1) sociodemographic variables, (2) familial all-site cancer history, (3) medical history, (4) lifestyle (habits), (5) diet, (6) occupational exposure, and (7) non-occupational exposure. Of the great number of factors within each epidemiological area, the following were found to be risk factors after adjustment for tobacco smoking and alcoholic beverage drinking: (1) tobacco smoking, (2) alcoholic beverage drinking, (3) low and low-middle socioeconomic background, (4) low educational level, (5) rural milieu, (6) working, or having worked, as a manual worker in agriculture, (7) working, or having worked as a manual worker in building industry, (8) having an upper aerodigestive tract cancer familial history, (9) having a medical history of alcholism, low weight/malnutrition, gastroesophageal reflux or chronic obstructive bronchopneumonia, (10) low dietary intake of fruit, fruit juice, uncooked vegetables, dietary fibre-containing foods, fish and milk and dairy products, (11) high dietary intake of meat and fried foods, (12) deficient oral and dental hygiene, (13) abuse of black coffee, (14) abuse of ’carajillo’ (a typical Spanish drink composed of black coffee and flambéed brandy), (15) occupational exposure to pesticides, solvents and dust of different origins.On the basis of our results and those reported by other authors, we put forward 10 measures for the prevention of pharyngeal cancer. However, due to the small size of the nasopharyngeal cancer subsample (n = 35, 15.08 per cent), our results as well as the preventive measures are to considered as referring uniquely to oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers. In addition, from descriptive statistical data inspection one can conclude that nasopharyngeal cancer is likely to bear risk factors different from those for oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers, thus nasopharyngeal cancer warrants specific epidemiological investigation with a sufficiently large patient sample.
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Uke, Trupti. "Case Report on Alcohol Dependence Syndrome with Substance Use Disorders". Journal of RURAL NURSING 9, n.º 2 (31 de dezembro de 2021): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.54054/jrn.20219223.
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Background: : Alcoholism is a prior psychiatric diagnosis in which a person is physically or psychologically addicted to alcohol (also chemically known as ethanol).Alcoholism refers to the use of alcoholic beverages to the point of causing damage to the individual, society or both. Patient information-A 32 year-old male patient was admitted to Acharya Vinobha Bhave Rural Hospital psychiatric ward with complaints of sleep disturbances, loss of appetite, hearing voices not heard by others, aggressions, irritability, and a daily habit of drinking alcohol with substance use and tobacco.According to the patient’s family member, his brother was clearly asymptomatic 12 years ago, when he was 14 years old.He started drinking alcohol out of curiosity and soon began to do so on a regular basis, 3-4 times per month.His consumption also increased from occasionally to daily basic needs and quantity also increased. 2 years before marriage (2015), his doses of alcohol increased and needed as an eye opener, since 1 months back, my patient experienced decrease sleep, decrease appetite, low mood, he also started hallucinating a things like death body in the mirror when he is in intoxicated state and also heard a voice of ghungroo which in not seen or heard by others. He started seeing his cousin sister who died 2 months back and his cousin sister seeing in mirror, he also started to see his neighbour who had died 2yrs ago due to suicide after that he started to run away from that place. All necessary investigation done like history collection, physical examination mental status examination,mini mental status examination, blood investigation like CBC report shows red blood cells count 4.1millions, total white blood cells 3.4 million and haemoglobin level 12.3gm% was done after all report doctor diagnose here as a alcohol dependence syndrome with substance use disorder. He was admitted in ward for further evaluation and treatment.Conclusion-Alcohol dependence is a chronic disorder that has many consequences. Optimal treatment with pharmacologic agents may help achieve desired outcomes. The currently available treatments for alcohol dependence are all valid options, and their use should be individualized.
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Dimitrijevic, I., N. Kalezic, J. Ristic, O. Bojovic e N. Dimitrijevic. "Digestive system damage caused by substance abuse". Acta chirurgica Iugoslavica 55, n.º 3 (2008): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aci0803133d.
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Substance abuse and addiction represent a worldwide problem and cause a number of family, social and health problems. Digestive system damage caused by substance intake is an increasing problem amoung drug addicts. Many studies show that substances can cause cancer of all parts of the digestive system. Alcohol consumption was significantly associated with colon and rectal cancer. For rectal cancer, the risk was increased in association with drinking of alcoholic beverages, specially for beer consumption. Sinthetic drugs such as ecstasy may lead also to digestive and hepatic damage, as well as vascular complications of the stomach. Many studies show the existence of supstance associated enterocolitis as well as ishemic colitis. Diagnosis of ishemic colitis is based on the presence of rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, a history of substance use, supportive endoscopic and histopathologic findings, and the absence of other etiologic mechanisms of ischemic colitis. Great damage to the digestive system is also produced by smuggling narcotics packed into small pages that are afterwards been swallowed or implemented on other sorts of ways inside the smugglers natural body spaces as the rectum or vagina. In the paper authors reviewed literature conserning digestive system damage caused by substance abuse and drug smuggling.
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Solopov, Pavel A. "COVID-19 Vaccination and Alcohol Consumption: Justification of Risks". Pathogens 12, n.º 2 (19 de janeiro de 2023): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12020163.
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Since the beginning of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, pharmaceutical companies and research institutions have been actively working to develop vaccines, and the mass roll-out of vaccinations against COVID-19 began in January 2021. At the same time, during lockdowns, the consumption of alcoholic beverages increased. During the peak of vaccination, consumption remained at high levels around the world, despite the gradual relaxation of quarantine restrictions. Two of the popular queries on search engines were whether it is safe to drink alcohol after vaccination and whether this will affect the effectiveness of vaccines. Over the past two years, many studies have been published suggesting that excessive drinking not only worsens the course of an acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus but can also exacerbate post-COVID-19 syndrome. Despite all sorts of online speculation, there is no specific scientific data on alcohol-induced complications after vaccination in the literature. Most of the published vaccine clinical trials do not include groups of patients with a history of alcohol-use disorders. This review analyzed the well-known and new mechanisms of action of COVID-19 vaccines on the immune system and the effects of alcohol and its metabolites on these mechanisms.
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Kuropatnicki, Andrzej K. "Medicinal properties of beer". Acta medico-historica Adriatica 22, n.º 1 (2024): 83–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.31952/amha.22.1.4.
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Ale and beer brewing and drinking have apparently been part of the human experience since the dawn of civilization. Beer is one of the most consumed alcoholic beverages around the world. It is rich in nutrients such as carbohydrates, amino acids, minerals, vitamins, and other compounds. Historically, ale and beer have served as sources of potent nutrient food and have also been used for their medicinal properties. It was believed that the process of fermentation changes simple ingredients such as grain and water into sacred produce, and the introduction of medicinal plants enhances its properties. The earliest records show that in Sumer, beer was used for medicinal purposes as early as 2000 BCE. In the early Middle Ages, ales became popular among the Celts, Germans, and Scandinavians, who were great ale drinkers. Ales were brewed without hops; instead, a specific herb or a combination of herbs called gruit was used for flavouring. Ale and beer were thought to have both magical and medicinal powers, and were often prescribed for medicinal purposes. The introduction of hops revolutionized the brewing and beer trade. Hops improved the quality of beer and gave beer greater durability and protection against bacteria. The aim of the paper is to present the history of ale and beer used for their medicinal properties.
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Migranova, Elza V. "Alcohol in the Bashkirs’ value system". Samara Journal of Science 9, n.º 3 (20 de novembro de 2020): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv202093211.
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The paper touches upon such a relevant topic as alcohol in the Bashkirs value system. The history of alcohol in the life of a traditional Bashkir society shows that they were previously uncharacteristic of drinking strong alcoholic beverages; in addition, it was condemned by the public, elders, representatives of a religious cult, etc. Traditional Bashkir drinks were koumiss, buza, ayran, katyk, less commonly mead. The study conducted in 1913 on the spread of alcoholism among the rural population of the Ufa province showed that the population of the Mohammedan, including Bashkir, villages had practically no alcoholism. However, with the decomposition of the traditional social system of the Bashkirs, strengthening of commodity-money relations, development of capitalism and urban culture, the alcoholization of the Bashkir population intensified. This process also continued under the secular system; in the middle of the twentieth century alcohol abuse in certain circles was a legacy of the front-line subculture, as well as the introduction of Soviet civilian rituals into the life of the Bashkirs. The paper presents the results of an ethno sociological study conducted by us in 20182019 among the Bashkir population. It turned out that almost half of the respondents drink alcohol from time to time or during the holidays; more than 35% indicated that they did not drink at all. These data are almost identical to those obtained in a similar study conducted among the Bashkirs in the mid-1980s. The comparison of the materials obtained on the subject of this study in other Russian regions and in the whole country is also consistent with the data on the Bashkirs and shows that the problem of alcoholization of the Russian population is currently very acute. The materials that we received can be used for further research of the transformation processes of Bashkir society, for the preparation of practical recommendations for state authorities, scientific, educational institutions, public organizations, etc.
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Ólafsdóttir, Jóna Margrét. "Alcohol Use Before and During Pandemics and Quarantine Restrictions in Iceland. COVID-19, 2020 –2021". Review of European Studies 15, n.º 2 (31 de maio de 2023): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v15n2p17.
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This study was designed to explore if alcohol consumption patterns had changes among Icelanders following the pandemic restrictions and lockdown in two times points. Questioners was carried out in May 2020 five months after the pandemic and restrictions COVID-19 were established in Iceland and again ten months later in March 2021. The research questions were as follows. Firstly, did individuals drink more or less alcoholic beverages than usual in the last two months than last twelve months before? Secondly, have individuals been drunk (5 or more drinks in the same sitting) more often or less in the last two months than last twelve months before? And thirdly, participants were also asked about their background, such as gender, age, education, work, marital status, household and monthly income related to those questions.
Quantitative methods were used, the data collection was conducted in May 2020 and March 2021. In the year 2020, a random sample of 850 participants answered questions about their alcohol consumption at the time point compared to last twelve months for May of 2020 and in March 2021 another 864 randomly selected participants answered the same survey. The participants answered the questions on a five-point Likert scale. The data was analysed descriptively.
More than a half of the participants did not experience any changing in their alcohol consumption. Further, participants experienced less frequent drinking and fewer drinks during the pandemic and lockdown compering to the last twelve months before the survey both 2020 and 2021. Interesting results of this study include the fact that alcohol consumption seems to increase between the two years or as the epidemic progressed. Further, the participants who answered the survey and lived with their families, i.e. spouses and children, reported the most changes in their alcohol consumption between the years of 2020 and 2021.
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Abdrakhmanov, Konstantin A. "“There Are No Obstacles to Issuing Permits to the Said Merchants…” Letters of the Military Governor of the Ural Oblast N. A. Verevkin to the Orenburg Governor General N. A. Kryzhanovskii (1872–73)". Herald of an archivist, n.º 1 (2022): 186–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2022-1-186-200.
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The article presents previously unpublished correspondence between the Orenburg Governor General N. A. Kryzhanovskii and the Military Governor of the Ural Oblast N. A. Verevkin concerning alcoholic beverages distribution by individuals in the steppe fortifications. The messages are written in an official style, as befits the position of correspondents. When describing the documents, the principle of contextual-historical analysis has been applied to establish connections between historical situation and conditions of documents’ creation. The article is to make archival information available to researchers of regional history, administration in the Russian periphery in the 19th century, and pre-revolutionary entrepreneurship, as well as to anyone interested in history. The current assessment of spheres of interaction between state and private sector of economy makes the analysis of such cooperation in historical retrospect more relevant. The problem of regulating the alcohol market, quite relevant in modern Russia, was also reflected in official papers. The analytical part of the study attempts to give an impression of administrative structure of the Orenburg Governorate in the 1870s and is territorial division and raises the question of motives of commanding officers of forts and higher regional authorities in their favorable response to entrepreneurs’ petitions. Despite their relative brevity, the messages contain much information on history and regional lore. They provide names of some Orenburg merchants, outline geography of the alcohol trade outside cities of the Orenburg region, permit to assess the scale of organizational problems. The archival data shows the ambivalent position of commanders who required continuous shipments of wine, food, and basic necessities, but needed to prevent binge drinking of the personnel. The algorithm for processing documents to license sale of weak and strong alcohol inside fortress walls reflects enormousness of bureaucratic apparatus in the gubernia and nationwide. The article concludes that motives of favorable decisions of the Orenburg Governor Generalship administration on the entrepreneurs’ petitions remain unclear, and therefore, the nature of relations between merchants and regional administration in sphere of alcohol shipments to steppe fortresses requires further research.
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Andrade, Stefan B. "Temporaliteten i en generation – Illustreret gennem alkoholdata". Dansk Sociologi 22, n.º 4 (30 de novembro de 2011): 9–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/dansoc.v22i4.3919.
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Temporaliteten i en generation – Illustreret gennem alkoholdata
Artiklen introducerer sekvensanalysen som supplement til de økonometriske modeller til at give sociologiske forklaringer af sociale hændelsesforløb. Ved at tage udgangspunkt i et begreb om ”temporalitet” viser artiklen, hvorledes tid opfattes forskelligt alt efter individets historie og position i samfundet. Som empirisk eksempel benyttes et datasæt fra YODA projektet om unges forbrug af alkohol. På baggrund af sekvensanalysen demonstrerer artiklen, hvorledes en generation af unge har forskellige tidsopfattelser af ugens syv dage i forbindelse med alkoholforbrug. Resultatet viser fem forskellige tidslige drikkemønstre, som er betinget af forskellig sociokulturel baggrund.
ENGELSK ABSTRACT:
Stefan B. Andrade: ”Temporality” within a Generation of Adolescents Illustrated by Alcohol Data
The article introduces sequence analysis to provide sociological explanations of social events as a supplement to econometric models. The theoretical basis is the concept of ”temporality” in which time is perceived differently by individuals depending on the individual’s history and position in society. Optimal matching algorithms of sequence analysis are applied to a data set from a project on alcohol consumption among youth (YODA). The analysis demonstrates that young people in one generation have different perceptions of the seven days of the week in relation to alcohol consumption. The results reveal five different temporal drinking patterns, which are subject to different socio-cultural backgrounds. The mainstream model (over half of the respondents) consists of youth who don’t drink until Saturday, but can drink over six alcoholic beverages. The second group (and second largest group, over one fourth of the population) drinks more than the first type and drinks on Thursday, Friday and Saturday. The third group (and smallest, about 3%) doesn’t drink at all. The fourth group (about 10 %) drinks less than type 2 but drinks more days of the week. The final group (8 %) drinks all week, but especially on the weekends.
Key words: Time, temporality, sequence analysis, quantitative methodology, adolescents, alcohol.
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Vasilevskaya, O. V., D. D. Safina e I. V. Silant’eva. "Causes of non-effectiveness of secondary prophylaxis of ischemic stroke". Kazan medical journal 93, n.º 5 (15 de outubro de 2012): 744–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj1701.
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Aim. To study the aspects of prevention and risk factors of a recurrent ischemic stroke. Methods. 50 patients who suffered a recurrent ischemic stroke in the period from October 2010 to February 2011 participated in the study. Past medical history information was obtained according to a specially designed questionnaire. Information on the regularity of medication administration (antihypertensive, antithrombotic, lipid lowering), maintenance of a diet, and modes of physical activity was collected. Results. The main measure of prevention of thrombosis in patients after an ischemic stroke was acetylsalicylic acid, 11% of patients took it regularly. The patients did not use the modern and more effective drug clopidogrel. In the group of patients with a cardioembolic ischemic stroke the recommended anticoagulation therapy with warfarin was not conducted. 89% of the patients were compliant with antihypertensive medications before the development of a recurrent stroke, however only 15 (30%) patients took the drugs regularly under blood pressure control. The majority of patients (70%) at first administered the antihypertensive medications according to the prescription instructions, but then in accordance to well-being. None of the patients knew and controled their cholesterol level. Statin therapy was not conducted in any patient. The recommended hypolipidemic diet was maintained by 44% of patients, 25% of them - routinely. The number of smokers up to the recurrence of the ischemic stroke was 66%, of which only 15.2% reduced the number of cigarettes. 10% of patients stopped drinking alcohol, 34% - decreased its use, 22% did not change the level of alcohol consumption, 34% of patients noted that they did not consume alcoholic beverages. Only 44% of patients altered their physical activity, started going for a walk in the fresh air. A decrease in adherence to therapy after an average of 2 months after initiating treatment was established. A direct relationship between the quality of prophylaxis and the time of recurrent ischemic stroke occurrence was revealed according to the following parameters: normalization of the blood pressure levels, antithrombotic therapy, control of blood glucose levels, termination of smoking, cessation of alcohol abuse. Conclusion. The majority of the patients did not take the necessary measures for the prevention of ischemic stroke; organization of educational activities is necessary to raise awareness among the patients about this disease.
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Muengtaweepongsa, Sombat, Pornpoj Prapa-Anantachai e Pornpat A. Dharmasaroja. "Not only the Sugar, Early infarct sign, hyperDense middle cerebral artery, Age, Neurologic deficit score but also atrial fibrillation is predictive for symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage after intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator". Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice 08, n.º 01 (janeiro de 2017): 049–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-3147.193548.
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ABSTRACTBackground: Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) is the most unwanted adverse event in patients with acute ischemic stroke who received intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (i.v. rt-PA). Many tool scores are available to predict the probability of sICH. Among those scores, the Sugar, Early infarct sign, hyperDense middle cerebral artery, Age, Neurologic deficit (SEDAN) gives the highest area under the curve-receiver operating characteristic value. Objective: We aimed to examine any factors other than the SEDAN score to predict the probability of sICH. Methods: Patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with i.v. rt-PA within 4.5 h time window from January 2010 to July 2012 were evaluated. Compiling demographic data, risk factors, and comorbidity (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, atrial fibrillation (AF), ischemic heart disease, valvular heart disease, previous stroke, gout, smoking cigarette, drinking alcoholic beverage, family history of stroke, and family history of ischemic heart disease), computed tomography scan of patients prior to treatment with rt-PA, and assessing the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score for the purpose of calculating SEDAN score were analyzed. Results: Of 314 patients treated with i.v. rt-PA, there were 46 ICH cases (14.6%) with 14 sICH (4.4%) and 32 asymptomatic intracranial hemorrhage cases (10.2%). The rate of sICH occurrence was increased in accordance with the increase in the SEDAN score and AF. Age over 75 years, early infarction, hyperdense cerebral artery, baseline blood sugar more than 12 mmol/l, NIHSS as 10 or more, and AF were the risk factors to develop sICH after treated with rt-PA at 1.535, 2.501, 1.093, 1.276, 1.253, and 2.492 times, respectively. Conclusions: Rather than the SEDAN score, AF should be a predictor of sICH in patients with acute ischemic stroke after i.v. rt-PA treatment in Thai population.
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Österberg, Esa. "The effects of favouring lower alcohol content beverages: Four examples from Finland". Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 29, n.º 1 (fevereiro de 2012): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10199-012-0004-0.
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Aims This paper studies the possibility of substituting the consumption of one alcoholic beverage category for another by changing alcohol control measures. It examines four Finnish examples: the waiving in 1952 of the requirement to show a special identity card issued by the alcohol monopoly Alko for buying fortifed wines; again binding the sales of fortifed wines to Alko's identity card in 1958; a 1960s alcohol price policy favouring wines and beer over vodka; and the change in alcohol legislation in 1968, which allowed selling medium beer in grocery stores but left the off-premise sales of all stronger alcoholic beverages to Alko's liquor stores. Data Data on recorded consumption of alcoholic beverages in terms of 100 per cent alcohol per capita according to beverage categories will be used together with the numbers of arrests for drunkenness according to beverage categories as well as different data sources on changes in alcohol control measures. Results & Conclusions The four examples from Finland show that strong alcoholic beverages can be substituted for lighter drinks, but this seems to work especially when the lighter beverages can be used for the same purposes as the stronger ones. It is much more difficult to persuade consumers to substitute strong alcoholic beverages for light ones by changing relative alcohol availability or by adjusting prices, if the consumers also have to change their drinking habits by, for instance, substituting binging with vodka for drinking light wines with meals. The Finnish examples also make it clear that changing from one beverage category to another does not automatically result in changing the way to use alcoholic beverages or the drinking habits themselves.
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Castelo Branco, Fernanda Matos Fernandes, Germana Teixeira de Sousa, Nathanni Queiroz dos Santos Marques, Ariane Aparecida Santos Moraes, Fabio Rodrigues Trindade, Tancredo Castelo Branco Neto e Carlos Manuel Dutok-Sánchez. "Consumption of alcoholic beverages and practice of binge drinking among hairdressers". Rev Rene 22 (14 de janeiro de 2021): e60574. http://dx.doi.org/10.15253/2175-6783.20212260574.
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Objective: to verify the consumption of alcoholic beverages and the practice of binge drinking among hairdressers. Methods: cross-sectional study conducted with 51 beauty salon professionals. We used a questionnaire with socio-demographic characteristics and about the practices of consumption of alcoholic beverages. For the identification of the use in binge drinking, the key question was guided. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was performed. Results: 84.3% were alcohol consumers, 51.0% had between one and ten years of consumption and 72.5% consumed beer. In relation to the use in binging, 37.3% of the sample made occasional use of risk, at least once a month. The highest rates of binge drinking were related to male gender, single and young and the evangelical religion was associated with a lower or no consumption of alcoholic beverages. Conclusion: the data pointed to alcohol consumption and frequent binge use related to likely alcohol dependence.
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Lintonen, Tomi, Suvi Ahtinen e Anne Konu. "Changes in Finnish adolescents’ alcoholic beverage preferences 1999–2017". Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 35, n.º 4 (17 de julho de 2018): 304–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1455072518784849.
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Aims: The purpose was to examine the changes in alcoholic beverage preferences among 14- and 16-year-olds in Finland from the year 1999 to 2017. In addition, the effects of age, gender and drinking style on beverage preference was studied. Methods: Nationally representative surveys of adolescent health behaviours in Finland from 1999 ( n = 4943) and 2017 ( n = 2451) among 14- and 16-year-olds were analysed using cross-tabulations and logistic regression modelling. Beverage data were coded from an open-ended question concerning the latest drinking occasion. Results: While the prevalence of 14- and 16-year-old adolescents’ alcohol drinking was more than halved between 1999 and 2017, the popularities of different beverages did not change equally. Drinking beer, cider and strong beverages mirrored the total decrease, as did the drinking of several different beverage types at a time. Wine drinking decreased only a little and alcopops actually increased in popularity. Taking the amounts of pure ethanol in the beverages into account, the proportion of alcohol drunk in the forms of beer and cider decreased notably, and in the form of wine it decreased a little. Strong beverages increased their share of alcohol drunk, but the most notable increase was seen in the share of alcopops, which more than doubled their share of the pure ethanol drunk. Conclusions: Increased popularity of alcopops among the under-aged together with the recent alcohol law change increasing the availability of alcopops in Finland call for attention to be paid both to marketing and the control of age limits of these products.
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Signorielli, Nancy. "Drinking, Sex, and Violence on Television: The Cultural Indicators Perspective". Journal of Drug Education 17, n.º 3 (setembro de 1987): 245–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/a96j-m8hd-q1fh-k26c.
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This article explores the portrayal of alcohol, alcoholics, and drinking in annual week-long samples of prime-time network dramatic programs. While references to alcohol and drinking have increased rather steadily since 1969, the number of alcoholics in each yearly sample has remained stable. The harmful effects of drinking alcoholic beverages were rarely mentioned. Programs that mention alcohol were also likely to have references to sexual behavior. The characters seen drinking alcoholic beverages—about 37 percent of all major characters—do not differ dramatically from other major characters. Alcoholics, however, are treated quite negatively. Respondents, especially whites and those who have been to college, from the 1977, 1978, 1980 and 1983 NORC General Social Surveys who watch four or more hours of television each day are somewhat less likely to reply that they occasionally drink alcoholic beverages than respondents who watch less television. Data from these surveys also reveal that smoking is positively related to television viewing-those respondents who say they watch four or more hours of television each day are also likely to respond that they smoke.
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McQuilkin, Meredith L., Kenneth R. Laughery e David R. Lowoll. "Perceptions of Risk Associated with Drinking Alcoholic Beverages". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 40, n.º 16 (outubro de 1996): 801–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129604001601.
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This study explored people's perceptions of risk associated with drinking alcoholic beverages before driving. Subjects rated the level of hazardousness of driving after consuming two, four, or six drinks of beer, wine, or hard liquor during a one, two, or three hour time frame. Differences in perceived hazard were found between the types of beverage consumed. Specifically, hard liquor was perceived as being more hazardous than both beer and wine. As expected, perceived hazard levels increased as the number of beverages consumed increased, and, as the time period increased, the average hazard rating decreased. For example, four drinks in three hours were perceived as less hazardous than four drinks in one or two hours. Generally, people perceive two drinks to result in a less than moderate driving hazard when consumed in a short time frame, while four or more drinks are perceived to be a hazardous level of consumption for driving.
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Boban, Mladen, Creina Stockley, Pierre-Louis Teissedre, Patrizia Restani, Ursula Fradera, Claudia Stein-Hammer e Jean-Claude Ruf. "Drinking pattern of wine and effects on human health: why should we drink moderately and with meals?" Food & Function 7, n.º 7 (2016): 2937–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6fo00218h.
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Epidemiological studies examining the effects of alcoholic beverages on human health may be unclear if they do not take into account drinking pattern parameters such as beverage type, regular moderateversusbinge drinking and drinking with meals.
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Hasking, Penelope, Carly Shortell e Mireille Machalek. "University Students' Knowledge of Alcoholic Drinks and Their Perception of Alcohol-Related Harm". Journal of Drug Education 35, n.º 2 (junho de 2005): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/9y34-f5xr-aqv5-kel8.
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A total of 371 university students were asked to estimate the amount of alcohol contained in a standard drink and to estimate the number of standard drinks contained in popular alcoholic beverages. In addition, students completed questionnaires assessing their perception of short and long term harm related to the consumption of beer, wine, spirits and pre-mixed alcopops. Results revealed that students were generally inaccurate in their estimate of alcoholic content of beverages, and national guidelines for low risk drinking. Students were also found to hold different perceptions regarding how harmful different alcoholic beverages were. While both male and female students considered spirits to be more harmful than beer, wine and pre-mixed drinks, males also believed beer to be more harmful than wine when considering the short term consequences. The pattern of beliefs reported by this sample suggest a high-risk population who are not aware of the risks they are exposing themselves to through their drinking behavior.
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Alpert, Joel J., e Barry Zuckerman. "Alcohol Use during Pregnancy: What Is the Risk?" Pediatrics In Review 12, n.º 12 (1 de junho de 1991): 375–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.12.12.375.
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Alcohol use during pregnancy now is believed generally to be a serious risk to the health of the fetus. As a result, women of childbearing age are urged to avoid, if not to eliminate, alcoholic beverages from their diet. This increasingly common view states that, because there is no known safe threshold for alcohol use, abstinence is the safest road to travel. Clearly, this important recommendation, symbolized by the labeling of alcoholic beverages as dangerous during pregnancy, should be based upon the best available scientific data. The report that women metabolize alcohol differently than men and that a smaller amount (compared with men) produces a higher blood level only emphasizes the need to quantify the risk of drinking during pregnancy.1 Scientific information is needed to make the best possible clinical, public health, and public policy decisions. This paper reviews what is known about the risk of alcohol for the well nourished woman who drinks two or less alcoholic beverages (drinks) per day while pregnant. Our conclusion is that there is no measurable or documented risk from this level of drinking during pregnancy. Therefore, by urging well nourished pregnant women to abstain from alcoholic beverages, we may be turning our attention away from negative health behaviors of far greater danger than consuming a glass of wine or its alcoholic equivalent.
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Klumbiene, Jurate, Darius Kalasauskas, Janina Petkeviciene, Aurelijus Veryga e Edita Sakyte. "Trends and Social Differences in Alcohol Consumption during the Postcommunist Transition in Lithuania". Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/615183.
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The aim of the study was to evaluate the trends and social differences in consumption of various types of alcoholic beverages in Lithuania over the postcommunist transition period (1994–2010). The data were obtained from nine nationally representative postal surveys of Lithuanian population aged 20–64 conducted every second year (n=17154). Prevalence of regular (at least once a week) consumption of beer, wine, or strong alcoholic beverages and the amount of alcohol consumed per week were examined. Regular beer drinking as well as the amounts consumed increased considerably in both genders. The increase in regular consumption of strong alcohol was found among women. Sociodemographic patterning of regular alcohol drinking was more evident in women than in men. In women, young age and high education were associated with frequent regular drinking of wine and beer. Social differences in regular alcohol drinking should be considered in further development of national alcohol control policy in Lithuania.
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Rojo-Guerra, Manuel Ángel, Rafael Garrido-Pena, Íñigo García-Martínez-de-Lagrán, Jordi Juan-Treserras e Juan Carlos Matamala. "Beer and Bell Beakers: Drinking Rituals in Copper Age Inner Iberia". Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 72 (2006): 243–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00000840.
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This article provides a summary of the archaeological context of Bell Beaker pottery from two Ambrona Valley (Soria, Spain) tombs whose chemical analysis identifies the existence of a primitive wheat beer. This is compared with other new analyses in Iberia, from both Neolithic and Copper Age sites, which also demonstrate the use of alcoholic beverages. The two Ambrona examples are Copper Age Bell Beaker intrusions into earlier Middle Neolithic Monumental graves. The archaeological features of both discoveries are described, and an interpretation is offered concerning the social and symbolic context in which these Bell Beaker inhumations were deposited, and the role that alcoholic beverages such as beer might have played in this social context.
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Vincke, Eveline, e Patrick Vyncke. "Does Alcohol Catch the Eye? Investigating Young Adults’ Attention to Alcohol Consumption". Evolutionary Psychology 15, n.º 3 (1 de setembro de 2017): 147470491773020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474704917730207.
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Many studies on young adults’ motivations for drinking overlook the symbolic aspects of alcohol use. However, research indicates that young adults’ alcohol consumption is also driven by signaling motivations. Although the interest of a receiver is a necessary prerequisite of a signal, no previous studies have verified whether drinking behavior indeed attracts young adults’ attention. Therefore, we conducted two studies. A two-part eye-tracking study ( N1 = 135, N2 = 140) showed that both young men and young women pay special visual attention to male and female drinking behavior. Additionally, a recall experiment ( N = 321) confirmed that observed male and female drinking is better remembered than observed nonsignaling, functional behavior. Moreover, alcoholic beverages also receive special attention, as they were recalled better than other functional products, and also nonalcoholic drinks similar in color and shape. In summary, the experiments clearly showed that male and female drinking behavior can be used as a signal, as both behaviors clearly function as an attention-attracting cue. Additionally, as alcoholic beverages draw more attention than nonalcoholic drinks, this attention is clearly linked to the alcohol element of the drinking behavior.
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Fradera, Ursula, Nadia Fritella, Diego Gonzalez, George Sandeman, Eduardo de Diego e Cécile Terrien. "Digital online training for wine professionals: From responsible service to a sustainable consumption of wine". BIO Web of Conferences 68 (2023): 04011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20236804011.
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Moderate and responsible wine consumption is integral to many cultures around the world and can be part of a healthy lifestyle. However, a minority consumes alcoholic beverages excessively or in a binge drinking pattern. Everybody in the wine value chain - from the producer to the salesperson to the restaurant service staff – can contribute to reduce harmful consumption and promote responsible drinking patterns. Therefore, the education of wine professionals is essential to equip them with the necessary knowledge to communicate and spread the message of responsible consumption patterns end encourage moderate consumption habits by serving alcoholic beverages responsibly . For this reason, nine interactive online training modules have been developed, the topics include: wine/alcoholic beverages and health, responsible advertising, the wine-related legal framework, responsible wine tastings, oenotourism to just name a few. All of the educational modules will be obligatory in the online training. The participants of the training will take a test at the beginning and at the end of every module. Every professional who has successfully completed the digital training will be considered a Wine in Moderation trained professional. For this, they need to have reached at least 80% in the quizzes at the end of all modules. Because wine drinking patterns vary depending on local traditions, education, gender, age group and socio-economic factors, the training can be adapted in every country. At the end of a successful completion of the training, the participant will receive a certificate. The details of the online training will be presented and discussed. Considering the increasing interest in wine/alcoholic beverages and health issues and professional training in responsible service, these online education modules should be useful for every actor of the wine sector to empower as many professionals as possible on responsible consumption habits. This is the only way the sector will be able to preserve a sustainable culture of wine.
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Almeida-Filho, Naomar, Ines Lessa, Lucélia Magalhães, Maria Jenny Araújo, Estela Aquino, Ichiro Kawachi e Sherman A. James. "Alcohol drinking patterns by gender, ethnicity, and social class in Bahia, Brazil". Revista de Saúde Pública 38, n.º 1 (fevereiro de 2004): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89102004000100007.
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OBJECTIVE: To study patterns of alcohol consumption and prevalence of high-risk drinking. METHODS: A household survey was carried out in a sample of 2,302 adults in Salvador, Brazil. Cases of High-Risk Drinking (HRD) were defined as those subjects who referred daily or weekly binge drinking plus episodes of drunkenness and those who reported any use of alcoholic beverages but with frequent drunkenness (at least once a week). RESULTS: Fifty-six per cent of the sample acknowledged drinking alcoholic beverages. Overall consumption was significantly related with gender (male), marital status (single), migration (non-migrant), better educated (college level), and social class (upper). No significant differences were found regarding ethnicity, except for cachaça (Brazilian sugarcane liquor) and other distilled beverages. Overall 12-month prevalence of high-risk drinking was 7%, six times more prevalent among males than females (almost 13% compared to 2.4%). A positive association of HRD prevalence with education and social class was found. No overall relationship was found between ethnicity and HRD. Male gender and higher socioeconomic status were associated with increased odds of HRD. Two-way stratified analyses yielded consistent gender effects throughout all strata of independent variables. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that social and cultural elements determine local patterns of alcohol-drinking behavior. Additional research on long-term and differential effects of gender, ethnicity, and social class on alcohol use and misuse is needed in order to explain their role as sources of social health inequities.
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Allamani, Allaman, Fabio Voller, Pasquale Pepe, Michela Baccini, Giulia Massini e Francesco Cipriani. "Italy Between Drinking Culture and Control Policies for Alcoholic Beverages". Substance Use & Misuse 49, n.º 12 (14 de agosto de 2014): 1646–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10826084.2014.913386.
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Willhite, Calvin C., Andrew G. Hendrickx, Dorothy T. Burk e Steven A. Book. "Warnings and the hazards of drinking alcoholic beverages during pregnancy". Teratology 37, n.º 6 (junho de 1988): 609–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tera.1420370610.
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Jeong, Dong-Jun. "Historical Research on the Parisian Café Procope". Korea Association of World History and Culture 64 (30 de setembro de 2022): 179–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.32961/jwhc.2022.09.64.179.
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The visit of Soliman Aga(1669) is the starting-point of the development of coffee culture in Paris. As the ambassador of Ottoman Empire, he was granted an audience with Louis XIV in Versailles. His task was to read the king’s thoughts : If my empire attacks Vienna, Louis will intervene in the war? But Soliman Aga did not accomplish his mission. He went and stayed in Paris for 10 months with more than two dozen attendants. During that time, in a Turkish room he served Turkish coffees very carefully to the ladies of Paris high society. Soliman Aga could infer information about Louis’s mind from their ongoing conversation in the room. Not long after that he left the city, Parisians fell deep into coffee drinking. One of the attendants of Soliman Aga, a person named Pascal, remained in Paris. With a large amount of coffee beans that his superior left, he started up coffee peddling in the Saint-Germain market and at the Quai de l’École. Pascal is a historical figure because of the relationship between Soliman Aga and the owner of Café Procope (Procopio), but innumerable and unidentified coffee peddlers of Levantine origins worked in the streets of European cities like London, Oxford, Paris etc. Pascal did not succeed in coffee business. He thought he could benefit from conducting his business in a market as people gathered there. But the temporary function of Saint-Germain market, like every market throughout France, was Pascal’s Achilles heel. His other business at Quai de l’École finally ended up getting no attention from Parisians. Nonetheless, Francesco Procopio dei Coltelli, an ex-employee of Pascal, returned to the Saint-Germain Market in order to sell coffee. He made money in that place and also obtained several licenses from the French government relevant to sale of coffee, tea, lemonade and alcoholic beverages. And he was planning new-concept coffeehouse that would far surpass Pascal’s peddling. Wide spaces, tapestried walls, chandeliers hanging from the ceiling, marble tables... he tried to make his Café Procope a center of brilliant social life. This coffeehouse was well located on the rue des Fossés-Saint-Germain, very close to the Théâtre-Français. The effect of people flocking to the theater was wonderful. Wealthy theater-goers, many famous actors, play writers became regular frequenters of that coffeehouse. It was critical factor directly connected to the success of Café Procope. If I may add one more thing, there is an extensive menu including tea, hot chocolate, wine, l’eau de cédrat, ices, sorbets, barvaroise etc. So, Café Procope was to be the first modern coffeehouse in Paris and would serve as a model to the Parisian coffeehouses that would follow in the years to come.(Daejin University)
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Mostardinha, António Ramalho, Ana Bártolo, José Bonifácio e Anabela Pereira. "Validação do The Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) em Estudantes Universitários". Acta Médica Portuguesa 32, n.º 4 (30 de abril de 2019): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.20344/amp.10650.
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Introduction: The present study aims to culturally adapt and explore the psychometric properties of Portuguese version of the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test, among university students.Material and Methods: A validation, cross-sectional study, with data collected through a questionnaire comprised of sociodemographic and substance consumption measures (Fagerström test for Nicotine Dependence; Drinking Motives Questionnaire – Revised, and The Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test version 3.1). The sample was composed by 338 students (51.8% male), with a mean age of 20.6 years old (standard deviation = 3.4). To examine the factor structure, an exploratory factor analysis was performed. The internal consistency and convergent validity were also evaluated.Results: The ‘Tobacco’ and ‘Cannabis’ subscales were composed by 1 factor and ‘Alcoholic Beverages’ by 2 factors. Internal consistency ranged between 0.556 and 0.842 (Cronbach’s ɑ). Statistically significant associations were observed between being a current smoker, binge-drinking and drinking motives with hazardous consumption (subscales ‘Tobacco’, ‘Alcoholic Beverages’ and ‘Cannabis’).Discussion: The observed associations between hazardous consumption, consumption motives and behaviors, may be explained by the relation between alcohol consumption (as part of the academic experience) with substances consumption behavior and polydrug consumption, supporting the adequate convergent validity observed. Also, peer pressure may influence these consumption behaviors.Conclusion: The Portuguese version of the the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (‘Tobacco’, ‘Alcoholic Beverages’ and ‘Cannabis’) presented satisfactory psychometric characteristics, showing that it is an adequate instrument to assess hazardous consumption behaviors among university students.