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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Domestic intelligence – United States – History"
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Smith, Michael M. "The Mexican Secret Service in the United States, 1910-1920". Americas 59, n.º 1 (julho de 2002): 65–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tam.2002.0091.
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Throughout the era of the Mexican Revolution, the United States provided sanctuary for thousands of political exiles who opposed the regimes of Porfirio Díaz, Francisco Madero, Victoriano Huerta, and Venustiano Carranza. Persecuted enemies of Don Porfirio and losers in the bloody war of factions that followed the ouster of the old regime continued their struggle for power from bases of operation north of the international boundary in such places as San Francisco, Los Angeles, El Paso, San Antonio, New Orleans, and New York. As a consequence, Mexican regimes were compelled not only to combat their enemies on domestic battlefields but also to wage more subtle campaigns against their adversaries north of the Río Bravo. The weapons in this shadowy war included general intelligence gathering, surveillance, espionage, counter-espionage, and propaganda; the agency most responsible for these activities was the Mexican Secret Service.
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Johnson, Loch K. "James Angleton and the Church Committee". Journal of Cold War Studies 15, n.º 4 (outubro de 2013): 128–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00397.
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James J. Angleton, who served as chief of counterintelligence for the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) from 1954 to 1974, was an important figure in the Cold War and, in a sense, the first line of defense against clandestine Soviet intelligence operations directed against the United States and its allies. In 1975 a U.S. Senate investigative committee—informally known as the Church Committee and led by Senator Frank Church—called Angleton to testify in public on his approach to counterintelligence, especially how he had become involved in illegal domestic operations in the United States. His testimony to committee staff investigators preceding the hearing, along with his public statements to senators during the hearing, displayed an extreme view of the global Communist threat. Amid ongoing revelations in the mid-1970s of illegal CIA actions, Angleton proved unable to mount an effective public defense of his approach.
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Darden, Keith A. "Russian Revanche: External Threats & Regime Reactions". Daedalus 146, n.º 2 (abril de 2017): 128–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00440.
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Has the development of post-Soviet Russia in an international system dominated by a democracy-promoting United States bred an authoritarian reaction in Russia as a response to perceived threats from the West? Beginning with the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia in 1999, Russian elites have increasingly seen the United States as a distinctively threatening power, one with a strategy to exploit civic organizations, ethnic groups, and other forms of domestic pluralism as “fifth columns” in an effort to overthrow unfriendly regimes. With each new crisis in U.S.-Russian relations – Ukraine 2004, Georgia 2008, Ukraine 2014 – the Russian leadership has tightened controls over society, the press, and the state. The result is that the United States’ muscular promotion of democracy abroad has produced the opposite of its intended effect on Russia, leading successive Russian governments to balance the perceived threat from the United States by pursuing greater military and intelligence capacity to intervene abroad, and by tightening internal authoritarian controls at home to prevent foreign exploitation of the nascent internal pluralism that emerged in the wake of Communism.
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Greenfield, Mary C. ""The Game of One Hundred Intelligences": Mahjong, Materials, and the Marketing of the Asian Exotic in the 1920s". Pacific Historical Review 79, n.º 3 (1 de agosto de 2010): 329–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2010.79.3.329.
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The Mahjong craze of 1922––1924 marks a pivotal moment in the culture that shaped and justified U.S. imperialism. In a mere two years Mahjong evolved from an expensive upper-class pursuit that prized an "authentic" and imported experience into a widely available mass-marketed pastime produced in the United States. Changes in technology made possible the mass production of what had formerly been elite trophies of empire, helping to make imperialism both accessible and palatable to mainstream Americans. The process was not always smooth. Mahjong opened fault lines between old elites and new money, as well as between male salesmen and female consumers. Finally, Mahjong had implications for domestic interethnic relations, as it incorporated Chinese Americans into a nascent national multicultural ideal while still marking them as an inassimilable "other."
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Perevezentsev, Alexandr. "First Ladies in US History: Historical and Bibliographical Review". Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, n.º 1 (março de 2024): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.1.13.
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The introduction of this article delves into the author’s contemplations on the role of the first ladies of US presidents in maintaining their image and electoral appeal. The author highlights that the general public’s lack of knowledge regarding the intelligence, education, mentality, and character of first ladies is an evident historical injustice. Currently, modern historians are actively rectifying this oversight. The purpose of the study is to analyze modern literature on the role and significance of first ladies in the history and political life of the United States and to provide a chronology of published biographical research on this issue in English-language and domestic historiography. The methodology employed is rooted in specialized historical research methods, including comparative-historical analysis, which allows for an exploration of research trends in this historical domain. Additionally, historical systemic and retrospective methods are employed, along with elements of the historical biographical method. The author’s historiographical analysis is founded on principles of historicism and historical objectivity. The materials used in the study are memoirs, biographical essays, documents, scientific monographs and articles, and Internet resources, including the official websites of the White House and the National First Ladies’ Library. The “Analysis” section contains the main part of the article’s text, that is, an analysis of literature and other sources, including autobiographies and memoirs of first ladies, interesting information about the authors of modern biographical studies, as well as the chronological order of published works of Englishlanguage and domestic authors. The results of the research are encapsulated in the author’s conclusions on the topic. It is determined that the historiography surrounding the role and significance of first ladies in American history is currently underdeveloped and, often, subjectively biased. Typically, more attention and subsequent publications are dedicated to the spouses of the most popular presidents, overshadowing other first ladies, even if they were remarkable individuals themselves.
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Spivakova, D. S., e M. L. Sirotko. "Medical and economic aspects of the development of AI technologies in Russia and worldwide (literature review)". Terapevt (General Physician), n.º 8 (12 de agosto de 2023): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-12-2308-05.
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The review presents the results of a study of the effectiveness of and prospects for funding the introduction of artificial intelligence in the healthcare sector. The authors analyzed the history of the transformation of digitalization in Russian healthcare and identified its main stages. The assessment of the introduction of artificial intelligence in Russia in relation to the recent past and to the experience of foreign colleagues was carried out. The most popular directions of AI projects are studied on the example of specific companies. The article examines the dependence of the size of the share of the country's GDP spent on digitalization of the system and the speed of transformation of the level of quality of services provided, as well as the tendency to decrease the load on the system, reducing the size of the resulting gap in patient desires and system resources in parallel with the growth of healthcare funding. The paper presents a study of the current state of the digitalization level of the system in comparison with other countries (the United States of America, the People's Republic of China, and the countries of the European Union). The paper presents the tactics and plans of digitalization of each country separately and in comparison. The results of the analysis of the strategy for the introduction of artificial intelligence in the field of domestic healthcare and the healthcare systems of Germany, the USA, and China are presented; the main differences, advantages, and disadvantages are identified. The paper presents the cases of various perspectives in solving urgent problems of the healthcare system based on the experience of other countries; the correlations of complementary strategies and possible consequences are investigated. The paper contains examples of research on the problem of doctors' and patients' trust in artificial intelligence technologies. The creation of digital assistants for patients, predictive analytics, treatment control, and remote monitoring are among the most popular global trends in AI implementation.
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Craven, Krista, Torin Monahan e Priscilla Regan. "Compromised Trust: DHS Fusion Centers’ Policing of the Occupy Wall Street Movement". Sociological Research Online 20, n.º 3 (agosto de 2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.3608.
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State surveillance programs often operate in direct tension with ideals of democratic governance and accountability. The fraught history of surveillance programs in the United States, for instance, illustrates that government agencies mobilize discourses of exceptional circumstances to engage in domestic and foreign spying operations without public awareness or oversight. While many scholars, civil society groups, and media pundits have drawn attention to the propensity of state surveillance programs to violate civil liberties, less attention has been given to the complex trust dynamics of state surveillance. On one hand, in justifying state surveillance, government representatives claim that the public should trust police and intelligence communities not to violate their rights; on the other hand, the very act of engaging in secretive surveillance operations erodes public trust in government, especially when revelations about such programs come to light without any advance notice or consent. In order to better understand such trust dynamics, this paper will analyze some of the competing trust relationships of Department of Homeland Security (DHS) ‘fusion centers,’ with a focus on the role of these organizations in policing the Occupy Wall Street movement of 2011 and 2012.
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Lewis, Mark. "The Failure of the Austrian and Yugoslav Police to Repress the Croatian Ustaša in Austria, 1929–1934". Austrian History Yearbook 45 (abril de 2014): 186–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0067237813000672.
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Since the 1970s, historiography about the pre-World War II phase of the Croatian Ustaša concentrated on Italian and Hungarian state support for Ante Pavelić's national-separatist/terrorist organization from approximately 1929–1934, and identified Nazi support when it became more significant in the late 1930s and put the group in charge of the Independent State of Croatia in 1941. More recent scholarship has investigated the support of Croatian exiles in the United States and Argentina for the Ustaša movement, as well as how the Ustaša regime, once in power, tried to legitimate its policies of racial “cleansing” and social revolution against capitalism and secularism. The first aim of this article is to return to the early period of the Ustaša, when it was a terrorist organization, and to show that it had an important base in Austria that senior Austrian police officials tolerated. The article, therefore, takes a somewhat different position from that of historian Arnold Suppan, who argued that the Austrian police could find no evidence that the Ustaša in Austria had been involved in terrorism, and that the Austrian government had made a good faith effort to expel Ustaša members. The fact that elements of the Austrian police indeed knew about the Ustaša network and protected certain senior members supports historian Gerhard Jagschitz's argument that the Vienna police had not turned over a new leaf in the postwar period and had not shed all political activities. However, Jagschitz concentrated on the problems surrounding the establishment of a domestic intelligence agency in the 1920s, showing how it ultimately was not effective. This article concentrates on 1929–1934, demonstrating that while the Austrian political police was not all-knowing, certain decisions not to share what it knew about ultra-nationalist Croatian terrorism damaged the Austrian police's international reputation. Second, this article argues that the Yugoslav police possibly turned to shadowy extra-judicial groups to carry out assassinations against Ustaša figures, in part because the Austrian police were not aggressive enough in repressing the organization. This adds an additional factor to the interpretations of historians James Sadkovich and Mario Jareb, who contend that Yugoslav police violence was an extension of the Serbian dictatorship's attempt to repress Croatian nationalism by any means necessary.
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Grünebaum, Amos, Joseph Chervenak, Susan L. Pollet, Adi Katz e Frank A. Chervenak. "The Exciting Potential for ChatGPT in Obstetrics and Gynecology". Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey 78, n.º 10 (outubro de 2023): 584–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ogx.0000993696.39744.23.
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ABSTRACT In November 2022, AI Lab OpenAI launched the online chatbot ChatGPT (Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer), an accessible language model that uses the artificial intelligence (AI) branch of natural language processing (NLP) to answer prompts based on a library of 175 billion parameters from the “internet, books and other sources.” Because of its ability to answer clinical questions in plain English that can be understood by providers and patients alike, the potential for ChatGPT to be used as a clinical tool is obvious. Despite its impressive fund of source knowledge, these data are potentially biased and unreliable and may not reflect current stances. In addition, ChatGPT does not list sources for its information, and its current capability to answer clinical questions correctly is not well understood. This study aimed to assess answers given by ChatGPT in response to a spectrum of questions about obstetrics and gynecology including systems-level questions, ethical questions, and treatment-related decision making. A total of 14 questions were asked. The first question asked why US preterm birth rates are so high. The second question asked for a list of the most important interventions physicians can do to monitor, prevent, and treat premature births. The third question asked whether vaginal progesterone was effective and safe for preventing preterm birth in women with a short cervix in the midtrimester, and the fourth question asked the same question but in women with a history of preterm birth and no short cervix. The fifth question asked why maternal mortality rates in the United States are so high. The sixth question asked for a list of what obstetricians can do to prevent preeclampsia. The seventh question asked about the safety of hospital births when compared with planned home births in the United States. The eighth question asked whether it is ethically acceptable for an obstetrician to provide emergency cesarean delivery without a woman's informed consent to save the fetus or the mother. The ninth question asked how obstetricians should screen for domestic abuse and intimate partner violence in pregnancy. The 10th question asked if women should freeze their eggs and at what age. The 11th question asked about the risks and benefits of menopause hormone replacement therapy. The 12th question asked how abortion bans in the United States affect women's health and lives. The 13th question asked whether complex hyperplasia atypia surgery should be performed only by a gynecologist-oncologist. The final question asked whether we should continue using the term “pregnant woman” versus alternative including “pregnant person.” Overall, ChatGPT provided nuanced and informed answers to question on virtually any topic in obstetrics and gynecology, but occasionally revealed an apparent lack of insight into the questions being asked. ChatGPT can provide preliminary information about a wide range of topics and can be valuable to both providers and patients and will continue to improve as training data are updated, and the model learns from user prompts.
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Bradley, Curtis A., e Jack L. Goldsmith. "Obama’s AUMF Legacy". American Journal of International Law 110, n.º 4 (outubro de 2016): 628–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0002930000763147.
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In the fifteen years since the Authorization for Use of Military Force (AUMF) was enacted on September 18, 2001, the Taliban has been removed from power but not eliminated; Osama Bin Laden has been killed and the senior leaders of Al Qaeda as of 9/11 have been captured, killed, or driven underground, although Al Qaeda remains a threat; numerous Al Qaeda affiliates have sprung up around the globe, most notably in Iraq, Yemen, Syria, and Somalia; and most ominously, the Islamic State has arisen from the ashes of Al Qaeda in Iraq to become what the Director of National Intelligence has described as “the preeminent terrorist threat” against the United States “because of its self-described caliphate in Syria and Iraq, its branches and emerging branches in other countries, and its increasing ability to direct and inspire attacks against a wide range of targets around the world.”Despite massive changes in the geographical scope of the conflict that began on 9/11, the strategy and tactics employed, and the identity of the enemy, the AUMF remains the principal legal foundation under U.S. domestic law for the president to use force against and detain members of terrorist organizations. The AUMF is already the longest operative congressional authorization of military force in U.S. history, and, as of fall 2016, there was no immediate prospect that Congress would move to repeal or update it. With the continued vibrancy of Al Qaeda, its associates, and the Taliban, and with the 2014 presidential extension of the AUMF to cover military operations against the Islamic State, the AUMF is likely to be the primary legal basis for American uses of force for the foreseeable future.
Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Domestic intelligence – United States – History"
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Pacci, Mehme. "Political Misuse of Domestic Intelligence: A Case Study on the FBI". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3223/.
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Domestic intelligence is very important in preventing disorder while ensuring unity and security during a time of national crisis. However, if uncontrolled, domestic intelligence can be subject to political misuse, which causes serious damage both to individuals and to democratic institutions. There are various theoretical explanations for political misuse of domestic intelligence. The political use of domestic intelligence is best explained by the sociological theory of unfulfilled needs. On the other hand, political counterintelligence can be best explained by Threat Theory. In order for a domestic intelligence organization to be effective, its organizational discretion must be limited by establishing clear legislation that is not secret, on the focus, limits, and techniques of domestic intelligence. This system must be supported by a multi-level control mechanism.
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Smith, Eric B. "The transformation of the FBI to meet the domestic intelligence needs of the United States". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Jun/09Jun%5FSmith%5FE.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2009.Thesis Advisor(s): Wirtz, James J. ; Simeral, Robert L. "June 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on 14 July 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Domestic Intelligence, predictive intelligence capability, transformation. Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-95). Also available in print.
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Wilford, Timothy. "Pearl Harbor redefined: United States Navy radio intelligence in 1941". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6396.
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The Pearl Harbor controversy may be redefined through a study of radio intelligence as practiced by the United States Navy (USN) in 1941. Newly released primary documents, supported by secondary historical and technical accounts, explain the effectiveness of USN radio intelligence in terms of its principal activities in 1941: cryptanalysis, traffic analysis and intelligence reporting. This evidence also demonstrates the extent to which the USN exchanged intelligence with its Allied counterparts. USN radio intelligence penetrated the vast expanses of the Pacific, permitting the partial reading of Japanese naval messages and the tracking of Japanese vessels. In the period preceding the Pearl Harbor attack, radio intelligence provided the USN with foreknowledge of Japan's intentions and actions in the north Pacific, although Washington failed to provide its Hawaiian commanders with adequate forewarning. Washington's response can now only be defined in terms of gross neglect or careful design, rather than surprise.
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Kilgannon, Anne Marie. "The home economics movement and the transformation of nineteenth century domestic ideology in America". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25428.
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This thesis focuses on the transformation of domestic ideology in the United States from the late eighteenth century to the early twentieth century. It traces the emergence and development of the doctrine of separate spheres in the Revolutionary and early national periods and then examines the rise of the home economics movement in the post-Civil War period as an agent and expression of the demise of the separate spheres ideology of domesticity.
The doctrine of separate spheres developed from a longstanding sense of separateness from the public world of men experienced by colonial women. The emergence of this doctrine was facilitated and shaped by the events of the Revolutionary War, the development and spread of commercial and industrial economic activities, changes in religious practises and new notions about the nature and nurture of children. The complex interplay of these factors strengthened women's sense of disjunction from the male-dominated sector of society, but bolstered women's sense of moral authority and autonomy within their sphere, the home. Women saw their domestic role as essential to the preservation of traditional values and morality and therefore critical for the preservation of social harmony. Supported by the doctrine of separate spheres, women organized to protect and project home values, hoping to reform society by their influence. Noted domestic theoreticians such as Sarah Hale and Catharine Beecher helped articulate this doctrine for women, but their work should be viewed as expressions of widely felt notions about women's place in the family and society.
The emergence of home economics is viewed as a challenge to the basic precepts of the doctrine of separate spheres, thereby calling into question the universality of the acceptance of this doctrine by middle class women in the nineteenth century. As urban reformers, scientists and college educated women, home economists found the doctrine of separate spheres inadequate and outmoded as a guide for modern living. These women sought to replace traditional homemaking practises and ideals with a new domestic ideology, home economics, which they thought would more effectively meet the needs of the family in the twentieth century.
Home economics developed as a social reform movement in two phases, each one dominated by a different generation of women. The pioneer generation of home economists were traditionally educated women who sought to inculcate working class and immigrant women and children with middle class domestic values and ideas. They initiated programs of education in various institutions, ranging from the public schools to church-sponsored mission classes, to teach girls and women homemaking skills such as cooking, sewing and budgeting. Although traditional in their goals, these women created new forms which quickly led to developments which went beyond a re-assertion of domesticity expressed in the doctrine of separate spheres. Home economists began to see themselves as scientifically-trained experts, not as ordinary homemakers.
This development both coincided and was furthered by the rise of the second generation of home economists, who were largely college graduates and subsequently professors and administrators in institutions of higher learning. This group of women shaped home economics to meet some of their own needs, both personal and professional, and in the process changed the focus of the movement. Home economists became more concerned with reforming the middle class home and homemaker in this period. Home economics became embedded in colleges as a new inter-disciplinary course of study for women and as a new profession.
Home economists promoted a new ideology of domesticity which had as its foundation the emulation of certain aspects of men's sphere: business values of efficiency and rational organization, the use of technology and a reliance on expertise. A belief in the reforming power of science replaced traditional notions of piety in the home economics ideology. Home economists created elaborate hierarchies of expertise based on achieved levels of education, thereby undermining the sense of sisterhood supported by the doctrine of separate spheres. Insofar as women adopted the home economics ideology of domesticity, the homemaker role lost its authority and autonomy and women's sphere lost its boundaries and sense of mission which had informed nineteenth century women's notions of their role in society.Arts, Faculty of
History, Department of
Graduate
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Geraghty, Mary. "Domestic Management of Woodlawn Plantation: Eleanor Parke Custis Lewis and Her Slaves". W&M ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625788.
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Scott, Sean A. "Alcohol and agriculture : the political philosophy of Calvin Coolidge demonstrated in two domestic policies". Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1164850.
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This thesis demonstrates that Calvin Coolidge applied a philosophy of limited government to his executive decisions concerning two domestic issues, Prohibition and agricultural policy. In both matters, various groups attempted to pressure Coolidge into permanently increasing the scope of the federal government's activities. Coolidge refused to comply with their demands and maintained his belief in the benefits of a federal government that limited itself to minimal activism by mediating the disputes of conflicting interest groups. Through both Prohibition and the agricultural problem, Coolidge exhibited his effectiveness in handling divisive political issues while maintaining his philosophy of limited government. Overall, this thesis contributes to the scholarly revisionism of Coolidge.Department of History
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Bosscher, Jonathan E. "The United States and Haiti, 1791-1863 a racialized foreign policy and its domestic correlates /". Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1214265490.
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Gottfried, Corbett S. "U.S. Military Intelligence in Mexico, 1917-1927: An Analysis". PDXScholar, 1995. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4960.
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The Military Intelligence Division (MID) was the U.S. Army's intelligence agency that reported to the Chief of Staff within the War Department. During the years 1917- 1927, the MID routinely conducted surveillance of Mexico, including: espionage, mail censorship, radio intercepts, intelligence gathering, and development of plans for the invasion of Mexico. This study utilizes a tripartite model to evaluate the production and analysis of military "intelligence" by the MID in Mexico during the period 1917-1927. First, the organization and development of the Military Intelligence Division from its origins in 1885 through the year 1927 is explored with sections on institutional history and objects of investigation. Second, a quantitative analysis of intelligence documents identifies the focus and priorities of the MID in Mexico. Third, a textual analysis of intelligence documents makes use of a cross-cultural framework to demonstrate the prevailing attitudes, perspectives and world views of the MID toward the Mexican state and its peoples. The thesis question as to whether the U.S. Military Intelligence Division created an accurate and complete picture of "reality" of Mexico is answered in the negative. The MID perspective was colored by cultural bias, ignorance, and misunderstanding. Ultimately, the MID failed to grasp the reality of Mexico because it failed to ask the right questions. It seriously misunderstood the nature of Mexico and its peoples, especially in its relationship with the United States .. The particular model developed for this study lends itself to the possibility of further research in the area of international history and cross-cultural studies. The use of multiple analysis techniques provides a more comprehensive picture of the various factors involved that influence historical events.
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Steen, Carl R. "The Inter-Colonial Trade of Domestic Earthenwares and the Development of an American Social Identity". W&M ScholarWorks, 1989. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625495.
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Prather, Michael S. "George Washington, America's first director of military intelligence". Thesis, Springfield, Va. : Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA407555.
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Thesis (master's)--United States Marine Corps Command and Staff College, 2002. Thesis--George Washington, as Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army led this nation to victory and independence in the American War for Independence. Victory was facilitated by his direct and effective use of intelligence sources and methods. Discussion: During the American War for Independence, intelligence information regarding location, movement, and disposition of British forces allowed the Continental Army to fight on its own terms and stymie British efforts to quell the revolution. General George Washington, as Commanding General of the Continental Army, was aware of the value of intelligence in the proper conduct of military operations. Washington literally became America's first director of military intelligence. He directed the intelligence operations that were conducted, and performed his own analysis. The Continental Army's effectiveness in intelligence includes examples of the proper use of espionage, counterintelligence, communications security, codebreaking, deception, operational security, surveillance, reconnaissance, reporting and analysis. Time after time, the Americans were properly prepared with good intelligence ultimately resulting in independence from the British. These intelligence successes can be directly attributed to the direction of General George Washington and the actions of his operatives.Mentor(s): John B. Matthews, David A. Kelley. Includes bibliographical references (p. 52-54). Also available online.
Livros sobre o assunto "Domestic intelligence – United States – History"
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Keller, William W. The liberals and J. Edgar Hoover: Rise and fall of a domestic intelligence state. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1989.
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Davis, James Kirkpatrick. Spying on America: The FBI's domestic counterintelligence program. New York: Praeger, 1992.
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Patrick, Finnegan John. Military intelligence. Washington, D.C: Center of Military History, United States Army, 1998.
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Justice, Brennan Center for, ed. Domestic intelligence: New powers, new risks. New York, N.Y: Brennan Center for Justice at New York University Law School, 2011.
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Turner, Michael A. Historical dictionary of United States intelligence. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 2006.
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Patrick, Finnegan John. Military intelligence: A picture history. 2a ed. Fort Belvoir, Va: History Office, Deputy Chief of Staff, Operations, U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command, 1992.
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Volkman, Ernest. Secret intelligence. London: W.H.Allen, 1989.
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Volkman, Ernest. Secret intelligence. New York: Doubleday, 1989.
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Patrick, Finnegan John. The military intelligence story: A photo history. Fort Belvoir, Va: History Office, Office of the Chief of Staff, U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command, 1994.
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United States. Army. Army Intelligence & Security Command. History Office, ed. The military intelligence story: A photo history. 2a ed. Fort Belvoir, Va: History Office, Office of the Chief of Staff, U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command, 1997.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteCapítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Domestic intelligence – United States – History"
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Jensen, Carl J., David H. McElreath e Melissa Graves. "History of Intelligence in the United States". In Introduction to Intelligence Studies, 21–61. Second edition. | Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315116884-2.
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Jensen, Carl J., David H. McElreath e Melissa Graves. "History of Intelligence in the United States". In Introduction to Intelligence Studies, 19–68. 3a ed. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003149569-2.
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Elizabeth, Mary, e Basile Chopas. "The Legal and Political History of Italian Immigrants in the United States before 1941". In Searching for Subversives, 12–40. University of North Carolina Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469634340.003.0002.
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Chapter 1 traces the evolution in Italians’ social, political, and economic status in the United States, beginning with the effects of early twentieth-century immigration law, and conveys how their integration into American society influenced wartime policies. This chapter argues that Italians’ progression in the labor market coincided with their changing racial identity and white consciousness, but that political involvement was more instrumental in raising the public perception of Italians. This chapter also explains how the FBI built a domestic intelligence program through the collection of information about subversive individuals or organizations several years before U.S. involvement in World War II. A joint agreement in July 1941 between the War Department and the Justice Department established policy for handling suspicious persons of enemy nations residing in the United States.
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Tuthill, L. C. "Domestic Architecture in the United States". In History of Architecture, from the Earliest Times, 274–88. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429058950-23.
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"— History of Intelligence in the United States". In Introduction to Intelligence Studies, 40–75. Routledge, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b12919-6.
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Mcenaney, Laura. "Cold War mobilization and domestic politics: the United States". In The Cambridge History of the Cold War, 420–41. Cambridge University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521837194.021.
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"Chapter 5. Domestic Histories". In Citizenship and the Origins of Women's History in the United States, 132–63. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.9783/9780812208283.132.
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Davis, Lance E., e Robert J. Cull. "International Capital Movements, Domestic Capital Markets, and American Economic Growth, 1820–1914". In The Cambridge Economic History of the United States, 733–812. Cambridge University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521553070.017.
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Gaddis, John Lewis. "Intelligence, Espionage, and Cold War History". In The United States and the End Of the Cold War, 87–104. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195052015.003.0005.
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Abstract We have learned a great deal over the past two decades about the impact of the “intelligence revolution” on World War II strategy.’ That knowledge has led, in turn, to a reassessment of the role of intelligence in earlier periods, and to the emergence of intelligence “studies” as a distinct sub-discipline, complete with its own newsletters, journals, organizations, scholarly meetings, and university courses. But this proliferation of scholarship thins out with the conclusion of the war. It is as if the possibilities for serious research on intelligence end with September, 1945, in a manner almost as decisive as President Harry S. Truman’s when in that same month he abolished with the stroke of a pen the first full-scale intelligence organization the United States had ever had, the Office of Strategic Services. The two phenomena are not, of course, unrelated: the very fact that OSS did not survive into the postwar era has made possible the declassification of most of its records. There is little reason to expect comparable openness anytime soon for the records of the Central Intelligence Group, which Truman created only four months after dismantling OSS, or for those of its more famous successor, the Central Intelligence Agency, whose official existence dates from July, 1947.4 Nor does documentation on code breaking activity in Great Britain and the United States-documentation that for the wartime years has largely sparked scholarly interest in intelligence matters-seem likely to be made available soon for the early postwar era.
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Arsenault, Elizabeth Grimm. "History of POW Treatment in the United States". In How the Gloves Came Off, 31–56. Columbia University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/columbia/9780231180788.003.0002.
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This chapter details the history of U.S. POW treatment from the Revolutionary War through the Korean War to demonstrate the consistent importance bestowed upon the use of humane methods. Particular attention is paid to the application of the Geneva Conventions in U.S. policy, military doctrine, and domestic law, as these international legal statutes have come to represent the core of international humanitarian law. Chapter 2 shows that while the United States struggled at times to adapt to new and unforeseen scenarios, it always worked to address these ambiguities from the perspective of reinforcing, rather than challenging, the norm of humane treatment.
Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Domestic intelligence – United States – History"
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Gitiaux, Xavier, e Huzefa Rangwala. "mdfa: Multi-Differential Fairness Auditor for Black Box Classifiers". In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/814.
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Machine learning algorithms are increasingly involved in sensitive decision-making processes with adversarial implications on individuals. This paper presents a new tool, mdfa that identifies the characteristics of the victims of a classifier's discrimination. We measure discrimination as a violation of multi-differential fairness. Multi-differential fairness is a guarantee that a black box classifier's outcomes do not leak information on the sensitive attributes of a small group of individuals. We reduce the problem of identifying worst-case violations to matching distributions and predicting where sensitive attributes and classifier's outcomes coincide. We apply mdfa to a recidivism risk assessment classifier widely used in the United States and demonstrate that for individuals with little criminal history, identified African-Americans are three-times more likely to be considered at high risk of violent recidivism than similar non-African-Americans.
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Liu, Shangyuan, Ran Wei, Shaolin Zhang, Feifei Wu e Jian Du. "Comparative Analysis and Research on Nuclear Power Regulation & Standard System and Standardization Works Among China, the U.S. and Japan". In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-93642.
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Abstract As the world’s leading countries in nuclear power fields, China, the United States, and Japan have relatively sound nuclear power regulation and standard systems. The nuclear power standardization works have also been gradually improved and optimized with the iteration of good practices and the feedback of best experience. Nevertheless, it couldn’t be denied that the paths followed by these countries are not exactly same, due to diversities of state institutions and mechanisms, as well as inherently different national politics, history, technology, and culture. Making periodical revisions on development approach, each country establishes unique, well-applicable, self-consistent system framework and operating model. With a systematic review, this paper will summarize the current R&D of the countries’ nuclear power regulation & standard system, as well as the latest states on the development of standardization works on both domestic and abroad scales, following by some fruitful comparative analyses. Using the literature research method and Differentiation Competitive Strategy methodology, this paper will also critically analysis advantages and shortcomings respectively, which would be helpful to understand the regulation and system operations comprehensively and objectively, for each country. Additionally, inspirations would be brought to seek an opportunity deepening extensive collaborations for the forthcoming nuclear power international standardization works. This paper will make comments and put forward suggestions focusing on strengthening R&D cooperation among multilateral countries. Ultimately, to improve the diversification and interoperability of nuclear emerging technologies and industrial chain, also accelerate global promotion and common prosperity, via the nuclear field standardization approach.
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Левин, Я. А. "The USA in the Fight against the "Internal Enemy" (Based on the FBI Materials, 1941–1945)". In Конференция памяти профессора С.Б. Семёнова ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ЗАРУБЕЖНОЙ ИСТОРИИ. Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55000/semconf.2023.3.3.032.
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Годы Второй мировой войны знают множество примеров различных по своей сложности и исполнению разведывательных / контрразведывательных операций. Однако близко связанная с этим тема надзора и противодействия деятельности пронемецких и прояпонских общественных организаций в США достаточно мало изучена в отечественной историографии. В рамках данной статьи на нескольких конкретных примерах рассмотрено как действовали федеральные агенты в отношении общественных организаций немецкой диаспоры («Бунд»), сочувствовавших Германии объединений («Христианский фронт») и организаций японцев в США («Хеймуша Каи» и др.). Данные примеры показывают особенности и крупные недостатки работы ФБР на этих направлениях, а также дают понять, как действовали спецслужбы США в условиях войны и существующей в Америке судебной системе, а также насколько на деятельность по обеспечению внутренней безопасности влияли мотивы политической борьбы в стране. Рассмотренные примеры позволяют сделать вывод о том, что помимо продиктованных войной контрразведывательных мотивов деятельность ФБР на данном направлении имела ярко выраженную политическую окраску и была связана с борьбой администрации президента Ф. Д. Рузвельта с критикой «справа». Тем не менее результаты расследований агентов не выдержали испытаний судебным процессом и за исключением дел связанных с активностью японских организаций в США оканчивались оправдательными приговорами. Также обращает на себя внимание роль прессы в данных делах. СМИ в большинстве своём работали на обоснование деятельности Бюро и его агентов. Методологически исследование опирается на принципы историзма, проблемно-хронологический метод и методы исторической компаративистики. Статья базируется на архивных материалах Бюро и литературе по теме исследования. The years of World War II know many examples of various intelligence / counterintelligence operations in their complexity and execution. However, the closely related topic of supervision and opposition to the activities of pro-German and pro-Japanese public organizations in the United States is quite little studied in domestic historiography. Within the framework of this article, several specific examples examined how federal agents acted in relation to public organizations of the German diaspora ("Bund"), associations sympathetic to Germany ("Christian Front") and Japanese organizations in the United States ("Heimusha Kai" and others). These examples show the features and major shortcomings of the FBI's work in these areas, and also make it clear how the US intelligence services acted in the conditions of war and the existing judicial system in America, as well as how much the motives of the political struggle in the country influenced the activities to ensure internal security. The considered examples allow us to draw a conclusion that in addition to the counterintelligence motives dictated by the war, the FBI's activities in this direction had a pronounced political color and were associated with the struggle of the presidential administration F. D. Roosevelt with criticism "on the right." However, the results of the investigations of the agents did not stand the test of the trial and, with the exception of cases related to the activity of Japanese organizations in the United States, ended in acquittals. Also, the role of the press in these cases is noteworthy. The media for the most part worked to substantiate the activities of the Bureau and its agents. Methodologically, the study relies on the principles of historicism, problem-chronological method and methods of historical comparative studies. The article is based on archival materials from the Bureau and literature on the topic of research.
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Johnson, Tait. "From Earth to Tower: The Materialist Philosophy of Twentieth-Century Aluminum Producers". In 109th ACSA Annual Meeting Proceedings. ACSA Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.109.49.
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The history of aluminum production in the United States is a reflection upon tangible materials, shifting power plays for ecological resources in the context of rapidly-expanding consumerism, and the focus of this paper, the perceived revolutionary properties of aluminum. Aluminum producers believed that the material possessed an extraordinary ability to solve spatial problems, represent beauty, and ultimately bring prosperity. Within this context, producers and manu¬facturers competing in the architectural products market left an indelible mark on the built environment with a wide range of components. Cladding, however, is the most visible mark. This paper follows the process of aluminum cladding production from Bauxite mine to the installation of aluminum panels on two high rise towers in the mid-twentieth century: the Alcoa Tower, Pittsburgh, 1953, and Republic National Bank, Dallas, 1954. Increased scrutiny of this process reveals an underlying philosophy of materialism similar to contemporary philosophies of “New Materialisms” which advocate the abilities of materials outside of the human domain. The producers’ materialist beliefs helped substantiate their drive to extract raw materials at great expense and with much exhaustion of natural resources, which continues today. The process of twentieth-century aluminum production involved damming the world’s largest rivers for power, claiming resources on domestic and colonial lands, and the employment of human capital. Boosted significantly by war production, in which producers manufactured aluminum air¬craft parts, gun turrets and munitions, the postwar result was often a clean, lightweight and shiny aluminum panel, contrasting sharply with the gritty production process of mining, processing and manufacturing. Yet, this contrast is precisely a manifestation of the producers’ materialist philosophy, which maintained the properties of aluminum, liberated from the earth, could help bring about a prosperous future. Such a future was a leading marketing message of producers, promoted in so-called “homes of the future” and cities of aluminum, but also made in promises that aluminum could bring about prosperity. A tall, gleaming corporate tower of aluminum symbolized the producers’ claims about the agency of aluminum. Examining the archives of Alcoa and Reynolds – the two largest domestic aluminum producers of the twentieth century, this paper explains how producers’ beliefs about material agency underpinned the vast expansion of aluminum into the building products market. Aluminum spread widely from the mid-twentieth century onward, growing in use today on a global scale. Furthermore, this paper invites a deeper look at the ways in which the beliefs about the inherent abilities of materials motivated other material producers in their contribution to architectural modernism.
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Mohitpour, Mo, Andrew Jenkins e Tom Babuk. "Pipelining Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)". In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10032.
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Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is a mixture of light hydrocarbons, gaseous at normal temperature (15°C) and pressure (101.329 kPa) and maintained in the liquid state by increased pressure or lowered temperature. LPG is the generic name for “commercial butane” and “commercial propane”. Because of its high heating values, high purity, cleanness of combustion and easy of handling, LPG finds very wide application in a large variety of industrial, commercial, domestic and leisure uses. The history of LPG goes back to the early 1900s. The first car powered by propane ran in 1913 and by 1915 propane was used in torches to cut through metal. Current global LPG consumption is over 200 million tonnes/annum. Transportation of LPG by pipelines is environmentally friendly in that it entails less energy consumption and exhaust emissions than other modes of transportation. Worldwide, there are over 220,000 miles (350,000 kilometers) of petroleum, refined products and LPG pipelines. The majority are in the United States. Some refined products pipelines carry LPG in batch form. However, there are only about 8000 kilometers of single phase pipelines, of various diameters, that transport LPG (propane or butane) fluids (Mohitpour et al, 2006). There are a number of codes that industry follows for the design, fabrication, construction and operation of LPG facilities. However, there are no regulations or legislation that specifically cite the pipeline transportation of the product. From a safety point of view, although LPG is non-toxic, it can be very dangerous if not handled properly. A partial or complete rupture of an LPG pipeline, resulting in an accidental release, will cause issues related to evaporation, vapor cloud propagation and dispersion. Response to emergencies such as rupture and leak in LPG pipelining is thus critical and must ensure rapid action with respect to containment, control, elimination and effective maintenance/repair. This paper provides an overview the code and regulatory requirements and summarizes the more significant aspects of the design, construction and safe operation pertaining to LPG pipeline systems. It covers the timeline and statistics of the global LPG business; the type of facilities that make up the industry; and the LPG properties pertinent to pipeline design. It also addresses the significant safety issues of LPG pipelining including a discussion on emergency response and associated equipment needs and repair techniques.
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Neagu, Simona nicoleta, e Aniellamihaela Vieriu. "THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS ON YOUNG PEOPLE". In eLSE 2019. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-19-119.
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As stated in the specialized studies, the greatest technological discoveries in the history of mankind will be recorded in the next three decades. Progress in Artificial Intelligence (AI), combined with radical discoveries in hard and software, will inaugurate a new era, which today seems to be science fiction. The existence of artificial intelligence, robots, autonomous vehicles, nanotechnology, biotechnology, and materials science are no longer considered "miracles." A recent study by Dell Technologies says that 85% of jobs in 2030 have not yet been invented, and over the next decade, over 10% of current jobs will be automated. In the world's largest industrial air-conditioning plant in China, 800 robots replaced 24,000 workers at Midea. Intelligent military robots are already present on battlefields - the United States, China and Israel, being world leaders in their field use. There are jobs that will disappear and others will be invented, our skills and competences are constantly changing, the labor market is constantly changing, employers will have other specifications in the job description. In this new world, our relationship with technology will change forever. How will we keep up with these changes? How will we deal with them? In this context, we aim to investigate within focus groups what is the impact of accelerated technological progress on youth at the psychological, social and employability level and which would be the solutions that they propose. The target group will be represented by students of the faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Information Technology at the Polytechnic University of Bucharest.
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شریف اسماعیل, سركوت. "The impact of the foreign relations of the Iraqi state on the Anfal operations, (America) is a model". In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/15.
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"The Anfal crime of 1988 was a series of political, military and propaganda campaigns carried out by Saddam's Ba'athist regime against a part of the Kurdish people.In this process, all the means of genocide were used, from killing, slaughter, arrest, expulsion and expulsion to the demolition of houses, burning of fields and gardens and looting of their livestock and belongings. The Ba'ath regime's excuse for this crime was nothing but religious and political propaganda that the Kurdish nation had deviated from Islam and had turned against the state These excuses were to justify his crime because the process was named after a chapter of the Holy Qur'an, which was Anfal. For such a big and heinous crime, of course, you have to make all the internal and external factors available before you start, because without the availability of both factors, it would have been impossible for such a big and important process to succeed Therefore, Saddam's Ba'athist regime had secured international and external factors along with the availability of domestic factors to a good extent, so it carried out the process in such a comprehensive and widespread manner. The United States, which was one of the most powerful and influential countries of the time, had a strong relationship with Saddam and the Iraqi government in all political, military, economic and other aspects The Americans, who served Saddam Hussein's regime in the success of the Anfal process, not only provided military and logistical assistance to the Iraqi government, but also provided intelligence assistance to the regime On the other hand, for the sake of the Ba'ath and Saddam regimes, he had cut off all kinds of cooperation from the Kurds and refused to even welcome the Kurdish representatives when they wanted to convey the truth about the Anfal crime to the US and the world.This was one of the reasons why Saddam's regime was protected from international condemnation and prosecution thanks to its cooperation and strong ties with the Americans."
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Xie, Jinyang, Luo Zuo, Bing Hou, Yifan Dai, Jiaxin Li, Li Zhuang e Derek Elsworth. "Influencing Factors of Acid Etching Fracture Conductivity of Tuff Reservoir in Northeastern Sichuan Block". In 56th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2022-1007.
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ABSTRACT: With the continuous depth breakthrough of two ultra-deep exploration wells in northeastern Sichuan block, tuff reservoir was finally discovered at the depth of 6700-7300 m. It belongs to ultra-deep tight gas reservoir with low brittle mineral content and high clay content. Hydraulic fracturing is hard to be reformed this special reservoir, easy to appear hydration expansion and other problems. However, the research and development of such tight tuff reservoir with high temperature and high pressure are relatively low in the domestic and overseas until now. Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out experimental research on relevant reservoir reconstruction methods of such rocks and explore the factors of fracture conductivity here. In this study, the influence of acid type, sanding concentrations, proppant size was research by a new experimental installation. The factors of fracture conductivity are analyzed by experimental data and the reconstitution of fracture surface. The results show that before the abnormal point, the acid etching effect of crosslinked acid on tuff is better than that of gelling acid. At the condition of closure pressure is lower 30 MPa, the higher sanding concentrations, the higher fracture conductivity, then narrowed the gap among them. Meanwhile, the larger proppant size, the higher fracture conductivity in low closure pressure. With increasing closure pressure, fracture conductivity of smaller size proppant decreased slowly. In conclusion, it is also convenient for the field operation to choose the best acid and proppant parameters. 1. INTRODUCTION As an important new field of exploration and development of oil and gas resources in the world, igneous reservoir have gradually received extensive attention from geological and petroleum researchers all over the world. The exploration and research on the igneous reservoir has a history of more than 130 years. Now, some igneous reservoir have been exploited in the United States, Indonesia, Japan, Brazil, Australia and other countries (Tang, et al. 2020). Its oil and gas mainly come from athrogenic rock reservoir. Athrogenic rock is a transitional type between magmatic rocks and sedimentary rocks, and it is also one of the important reservoir rock types. It has the advantages of thick pay information and large reserves (Li, et al. 2015). The tuff reservoir is very complex and special and has both lithologic characteristics in terms of petrophysics and diagenesis (ZHANG, et al. 2012). The low degree of development of original porosity and poor connectivity of pore throats indicate that such reservoir is tight reservoir (Zeng, et al. 2021). At present, the well known athrogenic rock reservoir in the world including East Anatolia Basin in Turkey (Gecer-Buyukutku, et al. 2005), Bohai Bay in China (Zhao, et al. 1996), Erlian (Guo, et al. 2013) and Hailar (Yu, et al. 2013) basins.
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Mohan, Hitesh, Grace Kuczma e Marshall Carolus. "Integrated Approach to Model Liquid Fuels Supply Chain Interactions Due to Disasters and Accidents". In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206143-ms.
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Abstract Objectives/Scope Historically, facility outages, cyber-attacks, natural disasters, supply interruptions and other disruptions have caused significant impacts to the flow of crude oil and petroleum products. The impacts on assets, primary and secondary markets, and economic indices need to be quantified to address the effects of disruptions efficiently and effectively. Methods, Procedures, Process This paper details the design process that was used to develop an analytical tool to predict the impacts from disruptions, determine the cascading impacts on downstream markets and dependent assets and provide estimates for recovery potential. The entire petroleum supply chain, upstream, midstream, and downstream facilities, were included in the development of the modeling capability. To best capture the supply chain network and geographic dependencies, the area of interest was divided into finite regional markets based on supply and demand market dynamics and connectivity. Extensive review was conducted of historical disruptions to understand the impacts on infrastructure and the petroleum supply chain network interdependencies to support a holistic approach to disruption simulation. Algorithms were developed to determine the probability and severity of damage of disruptions at varying intensities. The modeling capability was designed to utilize a comprehensive up-to-date database and geospatial system. The database was designed considering public, private and proprietary data, the frequency of updates, validity of source, and value added. Results, Observations, Conclusions The petroleum disruption analytical modeling tool that was developed assesses disruptions to the supply chain network and predicts the duration and severity of impacts on facilities and the cascading effect on primary and secondary markets. The tool provides disruption results in tabular, graphical, and geospatial forms for individual assets, regions, and the nation as a whole. For the United States, the tool models 26 geographical regions delineated by refining sectors, mainly along the coastlines, and dependent demand markets. The crude oil and petroleum product supply and demand is balanced for each region using local supply, net imports, interregional connectivity, and the multi-modal transportation network. This paper demonstrates how the analysis tool provides business intelligence insights for the days of stocks available throughout the disruption duration and the total loss in products to the markets. An economic submodule was integrated with the tool that determines the impacts on the crude oil and gasoline price and the resulting impact on Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The model was benchmarked during Hurricane Laura 2020 and the predicted reduction in refining production was 85% of realized losses. Novel/Additive Information The innovative analytical tool simulates disruptions and provides predicted forecast of facility, market, and economic impacts for an extended period of time after the event occurs supporting response, recovery, and planning efforts. The model can be assimilated for any geographical or geopolitical region with consideration given to region specific disruptions. This paper provides case studies exemplifying use cases and model simulated results for petroleum supply disruptions.
Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Domestic intelligence – United States – History"
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Olander, Justin, e Melissa Flagg. AI Hubs in the United States. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, maio de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/20200006.
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With the increasing importance of artificial intelligence and the competition for AI talent, it is essential to understand the U.S. domestic industrial AI landscape. A new CSET data brief maps where AI talent is produced, where it concentrates, and where AI equity funding goes. This mapping reveals distinct AI hubs emerging across the country, with different growth rates, investment levels, and potential access to talent.
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Hunt, Will, e Owen Daniels. Sustaining and Growing the U.S. Semiconductor Advantage: A Primer. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, junho de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/20220006.
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As an integral player in advanced semiconductor supply chains, the United States enjoys advantages over China in producing and accessing chips for artificial intelligence and other leading-edge computing technologies. However, a lack of domestic production capacity threatens U.S. semiconductor access. The United States can strengthen its advantages by working with allies and partners to prevent China from producing leading-edge chips and by reshoring its own domestic chipmaking capacity.
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Arnold, Zachary, Roxanne Heston, Remco Zwetsloot e Tina Huang. Immigration Policy and the U.S. AI Sector. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, setembro de 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/20190009.
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As the artificial intelligence field becomes more developed globally, the United States will continue to rely on foreign AI talent to stay ahead of the curve. Here are our preliminary recommendations to maintain current U.S. leadership, bolster the domestic AI workforce and improve the outlook for the future.
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Gehlhaus, Diana, e Santiago Mutis. The U.S. AI Workforce: Understanding the Supply of AI Talent. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, janeiro de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/20200068.
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As the United States seeks to maintain a competitive edge in artificial intelligence, the strength of its AI workforce will be of paramount importance. In order to understand the current state of the domestic AI workforce, Diana Gehlhaus and Santiago Mutis define the AI workforce and offer a preliminary assessment of its size, composition, and key characteristics. Among their findings: The domestic supply of AI talent consisted of an estimated 14 million workers (or about 9% of total U.S. employment) as of 2018.
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Langenkamp, Max, e Melissa Flagg. AI Hubs: Europe and CANZUK. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, abril de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/20200061.
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U.S. policymakers need to understand the landscape of artificial intelligence talent and investment as AI becomes increasingly important to national and economic security. This knowledge is critical as leaders develop new alliances and work to curb China’s growing influence. As an initial effort, an earlier CSET report, “AI Hubs in the United States,” examined the domestic AI ecosystem by mapping where U.S. AI talent is produced, where it is concentrated, and where AI private equity funding goes. Given the global nature of the AI ecosystem and the importance of international talent flows, this paper looks for the centers of AI talent and investment in regions and countries that are key U.S. partners: Europe and the CANZUK countries (Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom).