Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Disinheritamce"

Much of the literature of the early post-war period (1946-1966) was characterised by an interest in fictitious places. Popular landscapes ranged from exotic corners of the known world and fantasy planets to post-apocalyptic civilizations and projected dystopias. Within the gothic, several sub-categories determined by location and landscape – including ‘suburban gothic’, ‘Southern Ontario gothic’, and even ‘Tasmanian gothic’ – also emerged. This thesis proposes a new category, which comprises works set in and defined by ‘the suspended island’. The suspended island refers to a specific type of psycho-geography characterised by identification with the concerns of a specific time or historical period; in this instance, the spatial anxiety and social dislocation of the immediate post-war period. Suspended islands feature in such novels as Lord of the Flies (1954), Island (1962), and The Magus (1966), as well as in the present novel, Silent Noon: a book about outsider characters and their relationship with the un-spaces and anti-places they inhabit, alter and try to flee. In all these works, a sense of suspended time and displacement resulting from historical trauma combine to render the island a spatial and temporary no-man’s land. Most feature the archetype of a stranded outsider encountering an island madman. Hauntings, both real and metaphorical, abound. Ultimately, escaping the purgatorial world of the suspended island means finding a way out of the shadow of ‘big’ history. As this investigation will demonstrate, this can present as much a challenge for the author as for his characters. Meeting this challenge has been a process led by creative exploration and by consideration of works written during the early post-war period – many of which are characterised by themes of memory, guilt, adolescent disinheritance and contested ownership of recent history.

Malgré le tabou de l'argent, la transmission des biens d'une personne répond à une indéniable nécessité familiale, économique et sociologique. La liberté testamentaire grandissante, à peine restreinte par la nécessité de protéger le noyau dur familial, rend surprenante une démarche pourtant bien présente en pratique : l’exhérédation. Celle-ci est la privation, directe ou indirecte et quelle qu’en soit la forme, de l’émolument successoral par la seule volonté du de cujus, sans pouvoir porter atteinte au titre d’héritier. La dichotomie entre titre et émolument permet de révéler la véritable relation successorale entre disposant et successible. A l’absolutisme quasi-absolu de la volonté du de cujus correspond l’effet quasi-plénipotentiaire du titre d’héritier. Si le de cujus peut presque librement disposer des biens composant ou qui auraient dû composer sa succession, l’héritier, bien que ne disposant d’aucun droit à l’héritage, a la faculté d’en perturber le règlement, sous couvert d’en assurer la police et la gestion. Le titre d’héritier, dénué de tout ou partie de l’émolument et distingué de la propriété des biens transmis, doit cependant tout au plus être vu comme un intérêt à agir, non comme un quelconque élément directeur des opérations de liquidation successorale
Despite the taboo of money, the descent of a person’s estate falls in line with an undeniable necessity in family, economic and sociological terms. The growing freedom relating to wills, which is hardly contained by the requirement to protect the family unit, makes disinheritance surprising, though such an approach does exist in practice. Disinheritance means direct or indirect deprivation – in whatever form - from a portion of inheritance, as decided by the testator only, without affecting the title as heir. The dichotomy between title and portion of inheritance reveals the actual inheritance-related link between the settler and the person entitled to inherit. The all but plenipotentiary effect of the title as heir is to be compared with the fundamentally absolutist desire of the testator. Though the testator can freely dispose of the property of which his/her estate is or should have been made up to all intents and purposes, the heir, though he/she may have no right to the heritage, can disturb the settlement of such estate, under the pretext of enforcing law and order and of administering such estate. The title as heir, deprived of any entitlement to all or any part of the portion of inheritance, which is to be differentiated from ownership of property conveyed, should however be perceived as an advantage to act, at the very most, not as a key aspect of operations relating to the settlement of a succession

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the capacity of the public regional museums in Serbia as to become a part of the lifelong learning environment of their communities. Their relation to heritage of Socialism is a lacmus of their capacity to change and take a place of the emancipatory subject of the society. Instead, by staying submissive to the daily politics they had to revoke even the basis of their professionalism and stay caught in an uncommunicative, traditional institutional discourse. They become proponents of heritage injustice and not capable to be centers of lifelong learning. Design/methodology/approach – The arguments of the paper are based on a comprehensive analysis of both primary and secondary sources. Findings – The results of the research shows that, deciding to take part in the historical revisionist processes dictated by the post-socialist Serbia, museums lost their position in the community. Due to to the effects of the prolonged (and violent) process of transition and the complexity of the transition itself (including economy, politics, ideology, boundaries of the country), the analysis have to go to the basics – to include both, the key aspects of profession and ethics of museology. Originality/value – This study focuses on the public regional museums as the places of informal learning about recent past/conflictual history in Serbia. It suggests that museums – revoking their capacity for critical thinking – become dissonant themselves. Thus, during this process, the museums became absolute, ingoring the needs of the community.

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In the light of the current code, other relevant laws, and notwithstanding the classical doctrine, the aim of the present work is to set the limits and consequences of the institution of the unworthiness and disinheritance, with which, far from any disregard to ancient teachings, a new approach demanded by the social vision that one must have nowadays must be given. Hence, this work is divided into chapters, in which, since the very beginning, one studies the historical aspects of the legal succession, the indignity and the disinheritance in the country‟s doctrine and the alien legal compilation, from which a new appraisal regarding the concept and the legal nature of these institutions is derived, leaving out the doctrine that foresees them as a civil sanction, or even as an inability to have them as mere absence of legitimacy to inherit or receive some legacy. Moreover, their similarities and differences, the causes that attempt the exclusion of succession as well as their effects which in some cases come from the new family law that grants marriage and homosexual affective stable unions are pointed out. Afterwards, the destination of the inheritance properties and the acts performed by those excluded are also considered in this work. In the study of the necessary exclusion, apart from discussing the active and passive legitimacy; implicit or explicit forgiveness given by the legatee to the successor is also focused on, as well as the prescription of the intention to exclude the heir or the inheritor
O presente estudo tem por principal escopo fixar, à luz do vigente CC e demais legislações pertinentes, sem olvidar a doutrina clássica, os lindes e as consequências dos institutos da indignidade e deserdação, com o que, afastada qualquer preterição aos vetustos ensinamentos, se pretende dar-lhes novo contorno, tal como exigido pela visão social que acerca deles hoje se deve ter. Para tanto, este trabalho é dividido em capítulos, nos quais, desde logo, se estudam os aspectos históricos do direito sucessório, assim como a indignidade e deserdação na doutrina pátria e nos ordenamentos jurídicos alienígenas, do que deriva uma nova concepção a respeito do conceito e natureza jurídica desses institutos, abandonando-se a doutrina que os vê como sanção civil ou, mesmo, incapacidade, para tê-los como mera ausência de legitimidade para herdar ou receber legado. Ainda, apontam-se as suas semelhanças e diferenças, as causas que ensejam a exclusão da sucessão, bem como os seus efeitos, advindos, em alguns casos, do novo direito de família, que admite o casamento e a união estável homoafetivos. Após, abordam-se a destinação dos bens sucessórios e os atos praticados pelo excluído. No estudo da necessária ação de exclusão, além de discorrer sobre a sua legitimidade ativa e passiva, também se enfocam o perdão, expresso ou tácito, dado pelo hereditando ao sucessível, bem como a prescrição da pretensão de se excluir o herdeiro ou o legatário

Testamentary capacity and disinheritance Abstract Disinheritance is an institute of law, which gives the testator opportunity to shorten, or not to leave the forced share to the forced heir for which he is entitled by law. The testator can act in this way only if grounds for disinheritance are met. Grounds for disinheritance are defined by law. However, the legislator does not explicitly state who has this legal capacity. We infer this fact logically. The purpose of diploma thesis is the institute of disinheritance, its overall analysis and demonstration on examples from case law. Also, to evaluate the institute of testamentary incapacity, or the incapacity to make disposition of property upon death, and the institute of disinheritance and put them into context. At the same time, to point out whether legal definition of the testamentary incapacity could have been defined in a different way in the law. The diploma thesis is systematically divided into four chapters, which are then divided into subchapters. The first chapter explains the basic terms which are used in connection with institute of disinheritance. It also demonstrates the most important of the legal principles related to it. The second chapter deals with incapacity to make disposition of property upon death. It is pointed out here that the...

This diploma thesis deals with the legal regulation of disinheritance, with regard to historical context. The thesis focuses primarily on the analysis of the grounds for disinheritance. Disinheritance is an institute that serves as a counterbalance to the legal protection of forced heirs, subsisting in their right to a forced share. If a deceased decides to deprive a forced heir of the protection guaranteed by the heir's right to inherit, i.e., to exclude the forced heir from his or her right to a forced share or restrict the forced heir in his or her right, the deceased may do so exclusively on the grounds defined by law. The current law provides for six disinheritance grounds: failure to provide necessary assistance in need, failure to show real interest, conviction for a crime, permanent unrestrained life, incapacity to inherit, and indebtedness or prodigality. The purpose of this diploma thesis is to provide a comprehensive explanation of the institute of disinheritance while emphasising in particular the legal provisions concerning each of the grounds for disinheritance, and through such explanation, to assess the current law and propose amendments, if any, de lege ferenda. The diploma thesis is divided in four chapters, with each chapter being split in sub-chapters. Chapter I defines the key terms...

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1999.
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- Protection of a forced heir and his disinheritance Forced heir is a close relative of testator, who is provided by law with the privilege to be involved in estate in the extent to which the law determines even against the will of the testator. The testator is allowed to exclude this right of forced heir only by dishereditance. The purpose of this thesis is to comprehensively describe issues of forced heir, their protection and dishereditance. In my thesis I highlight the changes arisen due to the new Civil Code but I also deal with the features of these institutes which were not affected by new concept and previous jurisprudence of higher courts can be used. The thesis is composed of five chapters. In the first chapter I shortly define the term forced heir and dishereditance. Because the regulation of forced heir and dishereditance is very traditional in European law, in the second chapter I provide the historical background and development of these institutes. I describe rights of close relatives of testator in ancient Rome, the Middle Ages, and also in Civil Codes which come into existence in last century, but I focus mostly on Common Civil Code of 1811. Current Czech legal regulation of forced heir and dishereditance is divided into third and fourth chapter because of clear arrangement. In the...

- Protection of a forced heir and his disinheritance The protection of the forced heir has always been perceived as a clash of the will of the descendant and the principle of family cohesion. The objective of my thesis is to describe legal regulation of the forced heir and institutes related to this issue, i.e. their protection and disinheritance not only from the point of view of the current legal regulation according to the Civil Code No. 89/2012 Coll., but also from the point of view of their historical development. The diploma thesis is structured into four main chapters which are divided into subchapters. The purpose of the first chapter is to familiarize readers with the issue of inheritance law by defining its basic terms, revealing historical development from the time of Roman law through the ABGB General Civil Code to the modern legislation from 1950 and 1964 and taking account of their impact on the current legal system. The second chapter deals with the definition of the term of a forced heir, the determination of the size of the right to a forced share based on the age of the descendant, its determination with the possibility of inclusion and the principle for its payment. Furthermore, there are discussed the ways of protecting the rights of the forced heir. The third chapter deals with...

Dissertação de Mestrado em Direito apresentada à Faculdade de Direito
O direito das sucessões encerra em si dois pilares essenciais: propriedade e família. Esta ideia está presente, desde logo pela existência da quota indisponível, que se destina imperativamente a certos parentes – herdeiros legitimários: ascendentes, cônjuge e descendentes (art.2157º do C.C.) -, sendo que somente em situações muito específicas este direito pode ser restringido – referimo-nos às figuras da indignidade sucessória e da deserdação.Ora, numa sociedade em que coexistem a diminuta disponibilidade para outros, um crescente envelhecimento populacional e a sua maior vulnerabilidade, faz-nos refletir acerca da existência de impedimentos à liberdade de testar.Atualmente, são raros os casos em que filhos e/ou netos assumem o seu papel como tal no processo de envelhecimento dos seus ascendentes, assistindo-se a uma maior desresponsabilização no respeitante a essas tarefas e à “delegação” das mesmas em terceiros. Assumimos, porém, que nem sempre é fácil conjugar a vida profissional com deveres morais desta índole, uma vez que a legislação não é sensível nem flexível àquelas vicissitudes.Se há descendentes que não sentem o “chamamento” para cuidar dos pais, porque haverão de ser chamados, com a morte do de cujus, quando a questão é puramente material? Fará sentido que a lei confira como que uma “imunidade” a parte do património do falecido e a entregue àqueles que abandonaram afetivamente os pais e os deixaram simplesmente “à espera da morte”? Dever-se-ia ponderar um afastamento dos vínculos familiares da temática patrimonial, uma vez que o conceito de família está gradualmente a aproximar-se da afetividade e a distanciar-se da consanguinidade.
The succession law is based on two essential pillars: property and family. This idea is present, first and foremost, with the existence of a reserved portion, which is imperatively intended for certain relatives – ascendants, spouses and descendants (art. 2157 º C.C.) -, and only in very specific situations can this right be restricted -, we refer to the figures of debarment from succession and disinheritance. So, in a society in which there is too little availability for others, a growing ageing population and its greater vulnerability, it makes us reflect about the existence of impediments to freedom of testing. Presently, there are few cases in which children and / or grandchildren assume their role as such in the process of the aging of their parents or grandparents, experiencing a greater unaccountability from these tasks and their consequent "delegation" to third parties. We assume, however, that it is not always easy to combine professional life with moral duties of this kind, since the legislation is not sensitive or flexible to those vicissitudes. If there are descendants who do not feel the "call" to care for their parents, why should they be called, with the death of the deceased, when the question is purely material? Does it make sense that the law grants, as if an "immunity" of part of the heritage of the deceased and hands it over to those who affectively abandoned their parents and simply left them "waiting for death"? One should consider the estrangement of the family ties from patrimonial theme, since the concept of family is gradually approaching affectivity and distancing itself from consanguinity.

1 SUMMARY- FORCED HEIR AND DISINHERITANCE The subject of this thesis is the forced heir and disinheritance. The purpose of the thesis is to describe the current and future legal regulation while comparing them. Every testator is obliged to leave some part of the property to his or her forced heir. The forced heir is the testator's descendant and can be either minor or major. The only way for testator to avoid this obligation is to write a deed of disinheritance. There is a specified number of reasons of disinheritance; they are as follows: 1) the forced heir did not provide necessary assistance to the testator in disease, in old age or in a certain serious case 2) he did not show real interest in the testator 3) he was sentenced to imprisonment for at least one year 4) he led a dissolute life. The New Civil Code has replaced the third reason by following: the forced heir was sentenced for a criminal offense, which indicates his wicked nature, and adds one more reason of disinheritance, allowing to the testator to disinherit a wasteful forced heir. Both the current and future regulation of disinheritance are criticized for their generality and unclear definition of legal terms. The thesis is composed of 4 chapters. Chapter One is introductory and defines basic terminology used in the thesis: the forced heir...

Statute of limitations of a plea concerning the voidability of a will as part of inheritance proceedings Abstract This thesis deals with the possible statute of limitations of a plea concerning the voidability of a will as part of inheritance proceedings or, as the case may be, identification of the conditions under which such statute of limitations is possible, since this becomes a current issue in a situation when there is an increase in the number of drawn up wills and length of inheritance proceedings. The thesis describes related legal institutions, including an analysis of related case law, and is applied to a specific case, whereas the author concludes that the statute of limitations of a plea concerning the voidability of a will as part of inheritance proceedings is possible, when the limitation period commences on the day that a disinherited descendant provably learned of the existence of a will and not the drawing up of a will or death of the testate. The author's conclusion, to a considerable extent, contradicts the very latest judgement of the Supreme Court of the Czech Republic which is also analysed in the thesis. From the author's point of view, this judgement is a strongly law-making decision which is not entirely consistent with the previous decision-making of the Supreme Court of the Czech...

Disinheritance and Forced Heir Protection - abstract Disinheritance is a significant instrument in inheritance law, protecting the testator's autonomy to dispose of their own property. It allows the testator to deprive their descendants of the right to a forced share in the estate, breaking the centuries-old tradition of intergeneration solidarity. The antithesis to disinheritance is the protection of a testator's descendant, i.e. the forced heir, who, under common circumstances, has the right to be provided for by the testator in their mortis causa actions. However, the legislation concerning these matters is often unclear, inconsistent, and imprecise. The aim of this thesis is to point out these problems and explain them to the reader, offer a comprehensive view on the historical development of both disinheritance and forced heir protection, and describe the current substantive and procedural provisions. The first chapter which defines the basic terminology is followed by a chapter on the historical development of disinheritance and forced heir protection in ancient Rome, the Middle Ages but especially in the Austrian Civil Code (ABGB) and the Czechoslovak Civil Codes of 1950 and 1964. The succeeding chapters are focused on the general rules of disinheritance and forced heir protection, primarily the...

A presente dissertação versa uma causa de deserdação, mais concretamente a da alínea c), do n.º 1, do artigo 2166.º do Código Civil: a deserdação por recusa injustificada de alimentos. A deserdação é a privação da quota indisponível da herança de quem tem herdeiros legitimários (legítima). A quota indisponível, ou legítima, justifica-se por razões de solidariedade familiar. Os designados legitimários são o cônjuge, os descendentes e os ascendentes, por ordem de classes e de preferência de graus de parentesco, todos eles ligados reciprocamente por vínculos de assistência e de auxílio mútuo. Compreende-se assim que a recusa injustificada de alimentos constitua uma causa de privação da legítima. O presente estudo sustenta que as causas de deserdação deverão corresponder a comportamentos que envolvam uma quebra nestes vínculos de solidariedade recíproca por parte dos designados legitimários.
This dissertation focuses on a very specific cause for disinheritance, particularly line c), Number 1, article 2166th of the Civil Code: disinheritance due to unjustified refuse to provide maintenance. Disinheritance is the deprivation of the legally unavailable share of an inheritance which would normally be attributed to a legitimate heir (hereon out referred to as ‘‘legitima’’). The ‘‘legitima’’ is justifiable for family solidarity reasons. The forced heirs are spouses, descendants, ascendants, by order of class and preference of kinship, all of which reciprocally bound by mutual support and assistance. Thus, it is understood that the refuse to provide maintenance constitutes a cause of disinheritance. This study argues that the causes for disinheritance should correspond to behaviours that breach reciprocal solidarity bonds.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências Jurídico-Forenses apresentada à Faculdade de Direito
A presente Dissertação convoca os conhecimentos do campo do direito civil, mais concretamente, de um dos seus quatro ramos, na medida em que é o Direito Sucessório que desempenha um papel de maior destaque, ao ter em vista o estudo e a investigação da possibilidade de amplificação das causas de deserdação, elencadas no artigo 2166º do Código Civil.Atualmente, o panorama familiar não corresponde mais àquele que fundamentou a decisão de conceder uma proteção especial ao instituto da família e ao património pertencente à mesma. Por conseguinte, torna-se, não só cada vez mais imperativo mas, principalmente, gritante a necessidade de procurar uma solução para situações que são evidenciadas pelas nítidas transformações ocorridas no pensamento construtor da família e da atual realidade social que, não obstante os flagrantes impactos que têm em vida, não é concedido o devido relevo aquando da morte, sobretudo, no que ao campo sucessório diz respeito. Nesta ótica, há uma necessidade de avaliar minuciosamente o regime das sucessões português vigente e as respostas que consegue oferecer através da sua atual configuração, não olvidando o necessário identificar das problemáticas decorrentes da mesma e o indispensável desenvolver de soluções, podendo uma delas concretizar-se na possibilidade de aplicação da sanção da privação da legítima a situações que não estão contempladas na legislação mas que, hoje, se justifica que o sejam. Desta feita, e socorrendo-nos das realidades espanhola e brasileira que consagram, igualmente, a deserdação como instituto autónomo, e das suas vozes doutrinais que clamam a urgência na consagração de outras causas, ponderamos a possibilidade de ao de cujus ser concedida a oportunidade de afastar da sua sucessão, o herdeiro legitimário que adota comportamentos que, no panorama social em que nos inserimos, é merecedor da punição do artigo 2166º do Código Civil, como o maltrato psicológico, a ausência de qualquer relação afetiva ou a alienação parental.
This dissertation calls for the knowledge of the field of civil law, more specifically, of one of its four branches, since Succession Law is the one that plays a more prominent role in the study and investigation of the possibility of amplification of the disinheritance causes listed in Article 2166 of the Civil Code.Currently, the family panorama no longer corresponds to the one that motivated the decision to grant special protection to the institution of the family and to the assets belonging to it. Therefore, it is becoming not only more and more imperative, but also, more and more glaring, the need to seek a solution to situations that are evidenced by the clear transformations that have occurred in the thinking that builds the family and in the current social reality and that, despite the flagrant impact they have during life, are not given due importance at death, especially in what concerns the succession field. From this point of view, there is a need to thoroughly evaluate the portuguese succession regime in force and the answers it manages to offer through its current configuration, not forgetting the necessary identification of the problems arising from it and the indispensable development of solutions, one of which may materialize in the possibility of applying the sanction of deprivation of the reserved portion to situations that are not contemplated in the legislation but that, today, are justified. Thus, and using the spanish and brazilian realities, which also enshrine disinheritance as an autonomous institute, and their doctrinal voices clamoring for urgency in enshrining other causes, we ponder the possibility of the deceased being granted the opportunity to remove from his succession, the legitimate heir who adopts behaviors that, in the social panorama we are inserted, is deserving of the punishment of Article 2166 of the Civil Code, such as abandonment and psychological abuse, the absence of any affective relationship or parental alienation.

- Protection of forced heir and disinheritance The purpose of this thesis is to describe the current legislation concerning protection of forced heir and disinheritance and to highlight the recent and most important changes. The protection of forced heir shows intergenerational solidarity in law of succession opposed to another basic principle of law of succession - decedents autonomy of will. The institute of forced heir grants right to inherit a forced share to descendent's children in case the descendent forgets to include them in his disposition mortis causa. Disinheritance is the only legal option to break the protection of forced heir. The descendent might, only in compliance with the conditions set by the civil code, deprive the forced heir of his right to inherit the forced share completely or partially. The thesis is composed of five chapters. Chapter One introduces the basic terms, such as protection of forced heir, disinheritance and the institute of incapacity to inherit as one of the reasons for disinheritance. Chapter Two is subdivided into five parts and provides the historical background and development of the institutes of forced heir and disinheritance. Each part concentrates on different period, starting at legislation in ancient Rome and Common Civil Code through Czech Civil Code...

Dissertação de mestrado em Direito das Crianças, Família e Sucessões
A presente dissertação consiste no estudo das incapacidades sucessórias, nomeadamente da indignidade e da deserdação, no âmbito do Direito Sucessório Português. Ao longo do nosso estudo, iremos abordar a evolução histórica da indignidade sucessória e da deserdação e debruçar-nos sobre o regime jurídico de ambos, realçando as causas que lhes dão fundamento. Para tal, recorremos à posição da nossa doutrina e jurisprudência, sem deixarmos de nos referir a outros ordenamentos jurídicos estrangeiros. O nosso objetivo é concluir acerca da necessidade de novas causas de incapacidade sucessória, tendo em conta o contexto social e legislativo atualmente em vigor, em Portugal. Como podemos constatar, apesar de a indignidade e da deserdação estarem previstas e reguladas no Código Civil, mormente nos artigos 2034.º e 2166.º do Código Civil Português de 1966, aprovado pelo Decreto-Lei n.º 47344/66, de 25 de novembro, existem várias condutas criminalmente punidas nos dias que correm, que não se encontram expressamente previstas na lei como fundamento de indignidade sucessória. Assim, e não obstante a lei substantiva sancionar determinados atos extremamente graves, praticados pelo sucessível contra o autor da herança, entendemos que devem ser contempladas novas causas de incapacidade sucessória, entre nós. Como defendemos que o elenco das causas de incapacidade sucessória é taxativo, só nos resta propor determinadas alterações legislativas, de forma a incluir no âmbito de aplicação destes institutos, certas condutas que são igualmente graves e lesivas da integridade física e da honra do autor da sucessão e seus familiares próximos.
The present dissertation consists of the analysis of succession incapacities, namely of unworthiness and disinheritance, within the scope of the Portuguese Succession Law. Throughout this dissertation, we will address the historical evolution of unworthiness of succession and disinheritance and focus on the legal regime of both, emphasizing the causes that substantiate them. In order to fulfill this purpose, we invoke the position of our doctrine and jurisprudence, while referring to other foreign legal systems. Our objective is to draw conclusions about the need for new causes of unworthiness of succession, taking into account the current social and legislative context in Portugal. As we can observe, although the unworthiness and disinheritance institutes are foreseen and regulated in the Civil Code, especially in articles 2034º and 2166º of the Portuguese Civil Code of 1966, approved by Decree-Law 47344/66, of 25 of November, there are several criminally punishable acts nowadays that are not expressly established as grounds for unworthiness of succession. Thus, and despite the substantive law sanctioning certain extremely serious acts practiced by the successor against the author of the inheritance, it is our understanding that new causes of unworthiness of succession must be contemplated. Since we defend that the list of causes of succession incapacities is exhaustive, we must propose certain legislative changes, so as to include within the application scope of these institutes certain conducts that are equally serious and damaging to the physical integrity and honor of the author of the succession and their close relatives.

This thesis examines the persistent widespread discrimination against widows in Uganda and Nigeria that results from mandatory observance of harmful widowhood rituals, interpersonal violence, disinheritance, and forceful deprivation of property in marriage, in violation of and contrary to the provisions of international and regional human rights conventions and domestic laws. The thesis argues that international, regional, and domestic laws have not been effective to address the violation of widows’ rights because the terms in which these laws are expressed are not meaningful at the grassroots level. The thesis proposes social, cultural, economic, and legal measures to address the use of widows as cultural tools. In this thesis, I use the term ‘cultural tools’ to refer to the use of widows in Uganda and Nigeria, as in many other sub-Saharan African countries, as embodiments of cultural identity, especially in most parts of rural areas. Widows are used as tools to perpetuate traditional cultural customs such as widowhood rituals, levirate marriages, disinheritance, and widow cleansing. Article 9 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) proclaims that “all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights”. This provision is complemented by various international and regional instruments on discrimination and gender equality. Using the Igbo tribe of the Eastern part of Nigeria and the Baganda tribe of Uganda as case studies, my thesis examines to what extent widowhood rites amount to an infringement of the human rights of the widows in most part of the sub-Saharan African countries. The thesis examines the various international, regional, and domestic laws as they apply to or affect Nigerian and Ugandan widows either as a consequence of their status as widows or as members of the community. Thus, in light of the gap between international and state laws, on the one hand, and cultures and customary law on the other hand, this thesis draws insights from the concept of “vernacularization”. This approach combines the views espoused in Sally Engle Merry’s work and argues that to change the cultures and practices of customary law on the ground, initiatives must be taken at the grassroots level.

The subject of my theses is a special category of heirs so-called forced heirs. This theme describes their substantive position and guaranteed increased protection determined by law which is especially defined by right to share on inheritance to an extent determined by law. Will of testator is hereby limited by right of forced heir in forced share. Irrespective of most European regulations only offspring of testator are counted to the circle of forced heirs in the Czech Republic whereby the difference is between minors who are entitled to at least three quarters of share and majors who are entitled to minimum of one quarter determined by legal inheritance share. This thesis is systematically divided into seven chapters. After general historical background and general terms of inheritance law explained in the second chapter, next chapter is continued by the definition of several institutes which are mutually interlinked and also closely related to the person of forced heir. Fourth chapter is dedicated to right of forced share in which I am focusing on its calculation, offsetting and final payment. I completely describe, by means of legal jurisdiction, disinheritance and incapacity to inherit in the two following chapters. Last chapter includes two institutes which, under influence of NCC (New civil...

A lei portuguesa reserva uma quota do património do autor da sucessão aos familiares mais próximos (herdeiros legitimários), que é designada como «legítima», não podendo estes dela ser privados contra sua vontade, nem a ela renunciar em vida do autor da sucessão. A deserdação é a privação do direito à legítima por determinação da vontade do autor da sucessão, respeitando determinados pressupostos legalmente previstos. Atualmente registam-se fenómenos de natureza social que consubstanciarão possíveis causas de deserdação, como o abandono emocional, a ausência de relação familiar ou os maus-tratos. Sendo a solidariedade familiar o fundamento da sucessão legitimária, na ausência de relação familiar, abandono emocional ou maus tratos, a lei deveria prever a possibilidade de deserdação.
In Portuguese law, a portion of the value of the total wealth of the deceased is reserved for some relatives. This portion is designated as "legítima", of which the heirs cannot be deprived nor which can be renounced during the lifetime of the testator. Disinheritance is the deprivation of the “legítima” by the testator, as long as certain legally foreseeable conditions are verified. There currently exist certain social phenomenon which constitute possible grounds for disinheritance, such as emotional deprivation, absence of functional family relationship and abuse. Since the maintenance of a functional family relationship is the foundation to legitimizing the inheritance, in cases of the absence of such a family relationship, or of emotional deprivation, or of abuse, the law should provide for the possibility of disinheritance.