Teses / dissertações: "Discrimination against people with visual disabilities"

1

Hogan, Claire Louise, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, Faculty of Social Inquiry e School of Social Ecology. "Exploring the social effects of visual loss on human interaction". THESIS_FSI_SEL_Hogan_C.xml, 1995. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/120.

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Theories on the impact of visual loss tend to generalise and can simplify complex issues. Two extreme views are challenged that portray the impact of visual loss as catastrophic or as a minor inconvenience. The argument is put forward that the impact of visual loss can lessen with improved interaction, and this theory is tested by the author questioning and modifying her own interaction. The following themes are explored: limbo status and self-acceptance; the common stresses experienced when asking for help; and discriminatory attitudes. The research is action based, and the emphasis is on how individuals adjust and adapt to loss, rather than the stresses experienced.
Master of Science (Hons)

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Hogan, Claire Louise. "Exploring the social effects of visual loss on human interaction". Thesis, View thesis, 1995. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/120.

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Theories on the impact of visual loss tend to generalise and can simplify complex issues. Two extreme views are challenged that portray the impact of visual loss as catastrophic or as a minor inconvenience. The argument is put forward that the impact of visual loss can lessen with improved interaction, and this theory is tested by the author questioning and modifying her own interaction. The following themes are explored: limbo status and self-acceptance; the common stresses experienced when asking for help; and discriminatory attitudes. The research is action based, and the emphasis is on how individuals adjust and adapt to loss, rather than the stresses experienced.

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3

Leshilo, Welhemina Mokgobo. "The feelings of people with physical disabilities regarding discrimination in Tembisa". Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11092004-134243.

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4

Kim, Jin Woo. "Discrimination against people with learning disabilities in the labour market in South Korea". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.633214.

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This research explores Korean disability employment policy and discrimination against people with learning disabilities in the labour market. Breaking with the traditional academic approach to researching disability in Korea, it adopts a social model of disability and involves people with learning disabilities in the research process. Utilising the conceptual frameworks of 'political economy', 'the social model of disability' and 'legal discrimination', it investigates the employment of people with learning disabilities in open employment and sheltered workshops in Korea. Using group interviews with parents of people with learning disabilities and individual interviews with policy makers, sheltered workshops managers, people with learning disabilities and their parents, it focuses on the discriminative characteristics of current Korean disability employment policy, its impact on the participation of people with learning disabilities in the labour market, and their parents' understanding of how this discriminative reality impacts on the employment opportunities available to their offspring. The research findings are discussed in relation to 'direct and indirect legal discrimination' and 'commonality and difference'. The conclusions reached are that the disability employment policy in Korea is characterised by direct and indirect discrimination against people with learning disabilities, and this discriminative reality is not challenged by parents of people with learning disabilities in Korea who take on the responsibility of providing for their offspring's future lives.

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5

Lake, Rosalind. "Discrimination against people with mental health problems in the workplace : a comparative analysis". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005712.

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For a long time the rights of disabled persons have been ignored worldwide. A major obstacle faced by disabled persons is discrimination in the workplace. Due to the development of a social approach to disability and the efforts of the Disability Rights Movement, legislation has been passed throughout the world to improve this dire situation. The thesis considers the efficacy of some of these statutes. It is concluded that stigma and negative stereotypes remain a constant hurdle in overcoming discrimination. The forthcoming UN Disability Convention is demonstrative of the recognition of the importance of the needs and rights of disabled people. The convention proposes some innovative measures to overcome stigma and stereotyping. Mental health problems constitute one of the leading causes of disability. The thesis explores how people with mental health problems fit within the concept of people with disabilities and whether they are included in anti-discrimination legislation and affirmative action measures. Special attention is given to statutory definitions of disability, the different forms of discrimination and the concept of reasonable accommodation. A comparative approach is taken to analyse how South Africa's disability law measures up against that of Britain and Australia in terms of its substantive provisions and enforcement thereof. In considering the South African position American and Canadian jurisprudence is consulted in order to aid in interpretation. It is concluded that although South Africa has a comparatively good legislative framework, it is held back by an overly restrictive and medically focused definition of disability. As a result many individuals with mental health difficulties, desirous of obtaining and retaining employment may be excluded from protection against discrimination in the workplace. It is argued that it will be necessary either to amend the Employment Equity Act or for the courts to adhere strictly to the concept of substantive equality in order to ensure that the rights and dignity of people with mental health difficulties are adequately protected.

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6

Darcy, Simon. "Disabling journeys : the social relations of tourism for people with impairments in Australia - an analysis of government tourism authorities and accomodation sector practice and discourses /". Electronic version, 2003. http://adt.lib.uts.edu.au/public/adt-NTSM20040913.171021/index.html.

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7

Vaughn, Edwin Daly Thomas Adrian L. "The refinement of a multidimensional computer based implicit association test as a measurement of attitudes toward persons with disabilities". Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1755.

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8

Leung, Siu-hung Joel. "The effects of the Hong Kong "disability discrimination ordinance" (DDO) on public transport accessibility and building design for wheelchair users /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21042111.

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9

Galvin, Rose. "Liberating the disabled identity: a coalition of subjugated knowledges". Thesis, Galvin, Rose (2004) Liberating the disabled identity: a coalition of subjugated knowledges. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2004. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/38/.

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My thesis explores the notion, originally developed by sociologists such as Goffman and Charmaz, that a person's identity undergoes a difficult and painful metamorphosis in response to the effects of serious long-term impairment or chronic illness. I argue that existing methods of researching what I have come to call 'the disabled identity' generally avoid a deeper exploration of the social context in which this kind of marginalisation occurs. To address this absence, I develop a research methodology which combines an intensive exploration of the personal experience of disability with a critical analysis of the social and historical context in which the disabling of identity occurs. I approach the former through grounded theory and the latter through a Foucaultian analytics of genealogy and governmentality. These are informed by the theoretical insights surrounding the 'social model' of disability which claims that 'disability' is not a physical problem based on personal tragedy but is a social imposition based on exclusion and stigmatisation. In accordance with this, the thesis proceeds in three successive stages. First, I apply a genealogical analysis to disability in general, then more specifically to the disabled identity, to provide the background for my qualitative research. The purpose of genealogy is to reveal that the concept under investigation is not a self-evident 'given' but a social construction which has developed to serve varying interests over time. Through this process it becomes evident that disability has evolved as a concept which performs as a counterpoint to the norm and, as such, provides a measure of 'what not to be' in terms of contemporary neoliberal citizenship. Next, I engage in a grounded theory study which draws on the stories of disabled people to explore how their self-perceptions and the attitudes of those around them have been affected by disability. These stories stem from a variety of data sources, including my dialogues with participants, written stories from participants, and published autobiographies. Their analysis results in the emergence of the following themes: independence, occupational identity, and sexuality/appearance. Each theme is discussed in a separate chapter which attempts to let the stories speak for themselves by way of lengthy excerpts from the participants and texts, and combines them, where relevant, with my own insights and experiences as a disabled person. In the final stage, I use a governmentality analysis to explore these themes and to place them in their current social and historical context. Here I suggest that independence, work and sexuality are key factors which are used to divide the affiliated from the marginalised in contemporary neoliberal societies. I argue that the two 'technologies' which currently have the most impact on how independence, work and sexuality are governed in relation to disability are welfare reform and sexual rehabilitation. Here I explore the available primary sources - particularly the last five years of Australian government policy on welfare reform and a selection of sexual rehabilitation texts - to reveal how governance seeks to operate as a liberatory force while remaining oppressive due to its paternalism and reinforcement of normative prescriptions. The final chapter further problematises disability in relation to the governmental concepts of 'self-esteem' and 'empowerment' in an attempt to unpick what can be claimed to be emancipatory from what remains embedded in the dominant discourse. By 'deconstructing necessity' and exploring the root causes of oppression through what Foucault refers to as 'the disinterment of subjugated knowledges', the thesis outlines an alternative discourse in relation to 'disability' and opens up new possibilities for the creation of more positive identities.

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10

Galvin, Rose. "Liberating the disabled identity : a coalition of subjugated knowledges /". Galvin, Rose (2004) Liberating the disabled identity: a coalition of subjugated knowledges. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2004. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/38/.

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My thesis explores the notion, originally developed by sociologists such as Goffman and Charmaz, that a person's identity undergoes a difficult and painful metamorphosis in response to the effects of serious long-term impairment or chronic illness. I argue that existing methods of researching what I have come to call 'the disabled identity' generally avoid a deeper exploration of the social context in which this kind of marginalisation occurs. To address this absence, I develop a research methodology which combines an intensive exploration of the personal experience of disability with a critical analysis of the social and historical context in which the disabling of identity occurs. I approach the former through grounded theory and the latter through a Foucaultian analytics of genealogy and governmentality. These are informed by the theoretical insights surrounding the 'social model' of disability which claims that 'disability' is not a physical problem based on personal tragedy but is a social imposition based on exclusion and stigmatisation. In accordance with this, the thesis proceeds in three successive stages. First, I apply a genealogical analysis to disability in general, then more specifically to the disabled identity, to provide the background for my qualitative research. The purpose of genealogy is to reveal that the concept under investigation is not a self-evident 'given' but a social construction which has developed to serve varying interests over time. Through this process it becomes evident that disability has evolved as a concept which performs as a counterpoint to the norm and, as such, provides a measure of 'what not to be' in terms of contemporary neoliberal citizenship. Next, I engage in a grounded theory study which draws on the stories of disabled people to explore how their self-perceptions and the attitudes of those around them have been affected by disability. These stories stem from a variety of data sources, including my dialogues with participants, written stories from participants, and published autobiographies. Their analysis results in the emergence of the following themes: independence, occupational identity, and sexuality/appearance. Each theme is discussed in a separate chapter which attempts to let the stories speak for themselves by way of lengthy excerpts from the participants and texts, and combines them, where relevant, with my own insights and experiences as a disabled person. In the final stage, I use a governmentality analysis to explore these themes and to place them in their current social and historical context. Here I suggest that independence, work and sexuality are key factors which are used to divide the affiliated from the marginalised in contemporary neoliberal societies. I argue that the two 'technologies' which currently have the most impact on how independence, work and sexuality are governed in relation to disability are welfare reform and sexual rehabilitation. Here I explore the available primary sources - particularly the last five years of Australian government policy on welfare reform and a selection of sexual rehabilitation texts - to reveal how governance seeks to operate as a liberatory force while remaining oppressive due to its paternalism and reinforcement of normative prescriptions. The final chapter further problematises disability in relation to the governmental concepts of 'self-esteem' and 'empowerment' in an attempt to unpick what can be claimed to be emancipatory from what remains embedded in the dominant discourse. By 'deconstructing necessity' and exploring the root causes of oppression through what Foucault refers to as 'the disinterment of subjugated knowledges', the thesis outlines an alternative discourse in relation to 'disability' and opens up new possibilities for the creation of more positive identities.

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11

Yeung, Au Lai-Kit Rikkie. "Fighting for a more equal Hong Kong a continuing struggle /". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31972627.

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12

Lai, Sum-yee Sumi. "Equal opportunities for the mentally-ill /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22284394.

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13

Duckett, Paul Simon. "Disabled at interview : a community psychologist in and amid action". Thesis, University of Stirling, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21895.

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I used a Community Psychology approach, involving Participatory Action Research with Qualitative methods, to both explore the employment interview experiences of disabled people and to effect positive change for disabled participants discriminated against in the labour market. In the opening chapters I set the action research enterprise within the socio-economic and political climate of the time. I follow this by describing the ethical, ideological, epistemological and methodological concerns that have driven my particular process of inquiry. 1 pay particular attention to the research process and reflect upon personal, social, organisational and political implications of the project. I review literature on disability, disability legislation and employment interviews and place my own work in the context of this. As well as reporting my findings on the difficulties disabled people face when seeking to enter the labour market, I describe the multiple research interventions I engaged with. These ranged from giving research participants welfare benefit advice through to consulting on the Government's Disability Discrimination Act. The main focus for the project became one of developing and marketing a Code of Practice on the recruitment and retention of disabled employees. I worked collaboratively with disabled research participants in developing and marketing this Code with four major employer organisations in order to affect change in employer staffing policies.

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14

Sonday, Nadeema. "An overview of the effectiveness of employment legislation in protecting people with disabilities against discrimination in the South African workplace". University of the Western Cape, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8345.

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Magister Legum - LLM
The South African apartheid regime brought about many injustices. These injustices were mostly directed at people of colour, women and people with disabilities. People with disabilities were neglected, discriminated against and largely marginalised.1 A person is considered as having a disability in terms of the Code of Good Practice on the Key Aspects on the Employment of Persons with Disabilities,2 if they have a physical or mental impairment, which is a long term or recurring impairment and which significantly limits their prospects of entry into or any advancement within the workplace.

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15

Ross, Garret Alexander. "Attitudes towards the disabled in destination marketing organizations". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40123.

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16

Merrill, Tamara. "The efficacy of learnerships for people with disabilities in the Western Cape". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1663.

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Despite efforts to promote increased employment, people with disabilities are considerably underrepresented in the workplace. As a flagship model of skills development, the researcher conducted a longitudinal study of learners with disabilities and Learnership stakeholders to identify successes, challenges and long-term outcomes of a Western Cape Learnership. The research relies heavily upon the experiences of the Learnership stakeholders, particularly learners with disabilities, to articulate how experiences are impacted by the model design as well as societal factors. What is revealed is a social and political context whereby the artefacts of the past amalgamate with present actions of redress, which impact strategies to better prepare learners with disabilities to integrate into the formal economy. The findings examine the impacts of Learnership design and implementation; interconnectedness between disability, race and poverty; influence of government and policy; and overall efficacy.

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17

Watermeyer, Brian Paul. "Conceptualising psycho-emotional aspects of disablist discrimination and impairment : towards a psychoanalytically informed disability studies". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1176.

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Thesis (DPhil (Psychology))—University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Since the 1970s, the international disability movement has galvanised around the "social model" of disability, as an adversarial response to traditional, individualising "medical" accounts of disablement. The model foregrounds "disablist ideology", identifying systematic exclusion and discrimination as central mediators of disabled life. Latterly, feminist authors within disability studies have problematised the "arid" materialist orientation of the social model, for its eschewing of personal and psychological aspects of disability, and poor theorising of embodiment. Social model orthodoxy construes the psychological as epiphenomenal, diversionary, and potentially misappropriated in the buttressing of pathologising accounts of disablement. A legacy of "traditional" psychoanalytic theorising on disability implies causal links between bodily difference and psychopathology, eliding a critical interrogation of oppression in mediating the severely marginal social and economic destiny of the disabled minority. The new "critical" psychoanalytic approach to disability interprets broad social responses to disablement as the enactment of defences engaged in reaction to the universal unconscious existential conflicts evoked by disability images. The present work seeks to elaborate the integration of psychoanalysis into disability studies, towards development of a politically situated psychology of disability oppression, which creates theoretical links connecting ideology with the nature of individual subjectivity. Conceptual ideas to begin describing the psycho-emotional aspects of disablist oppression and impairment were developed via an integration of clinical data with a renewed, psychoanalytically informed critical synthesis of disability-related research from a range of disciplines. Clinical data was gathered via psychoanalytically oriented group psychotherapy with severely physically impaired university students. Full transcriptions and in-depth fieldnotes were utilised as a record of data, which was then analysed via interpretive, psychoanalytic and "interpretive auto-ethnographic" methods. Follow-up interviews were held to assess the resonance and utility of new concepts. A range of theoretical contributions was combined in illuminating the modernist cultural and political underpinnings of oppressive responses to the impaired body, and integrated with accounts of the psychological and relational predicaments of disablism gleaned from the clinical record. Topics drawn from literature, critically evaluated, developed and re-synthesised included narcissistic culture, the family, "medicalisation", social mirroring, internalised oppression, liminality, and representations of disability in charity, art and modern bioethics. The nature of countertransference dynamics in therapeutic work with disabled people was considered. Key concepts from the clinical data were developed and progressively reformulated; these included the distortion of boundaries, the discourse of loss, control, independence, identity, complicity, trauma, and the imperative to silencing the subjective experience of disabled life.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die internasionale gestremdheidsbeweging mobiliseer sedert die 1970’s rondom die “sosiale model” van gestremdheid - in afwysende reaksie op tradisionele individualiserende, “mediese” diskoerse. Dié model plaas die kollig op “gestremdheidsideologie”, en identifiseer sistematiese uitsluiting en diskriminasie as die sentrale bemiddelaars van die gestremde lewe. In die laaste tyd word die “droëe” materialistiese benadering van die sosiale model egter deur feministiese outeurs binne gestremdhiedsstudies geproblematiseer, spesifiek as synde ontwykend van die persoonlike en sielkundige aspekte van gestremdheid, en vanweë die model se swak teoretisering van beliggaming. Die ortodokse sosiale model beskou die sielkundige as ‘n epifenomeen, ’n afleiding, en potensieël kaapbaar in diens van patologiserende narratiewe oor gestremdheid. ‘n Nalatenskap van “tradisionele” psigoanalitiese teoretisering oor gestremdheid impliseer kousale verbande tussen liggaamlike alteriteit en psigopatologie, wat lei tot die weglating van ‘n kritiese ondervraging van verdrukking in die bemiddeling van die uiters marginale sosiale en ekonomiese lotsbestemming van die gestremde minderheidsgroep. Die nuwe “kritiese” psigo-analitiese benadering tot gestremdheid interpreteer breë sosiale response op gestremdheid as die aktivering van verdedigingsmeganismes in reaksie op universele onbewuste eksistensiële konflikte wat deur beelde van gestremdheid na vore geroep word. In hierdie verhandeling word daar gepoog om die integrasie van psigo-analise binne gestremdheidstudies uit te dy, en ‘n aanset te lewer tot die ontwikkelling van ’n polities-gesitueerde sielkunde van gestremdheidsverdrukking, waardeur teoretiese verbande tussen ideologie en die aard van individuele subjektiwiteit gelê word. ‘n Aanvanklike begripsapperatuur ten einde die beskrywing van die psigo-affektiewe aspekte van gestremdheidsverdrukking en –benadeling aan die gang te sit, is deur middel van ’n integrasie van kliniese data met ’n hernude, psigoanalities skatpligtige kritiese sintese van gestremdheidsgeoriënteerde navorsing in ‘n verskeidenheid van vakdissiplines ontwikkel. Kliniese data is met behulp van psigo-analitiesgerigde groepspsigoterapiesessies met fisiek swaar gestremde universiteitstudente versamel. Volledige transkripsies en uitgebreide veld-aantekeninge is gebruik as data-rekord, wat dan vervolgens deur middel van interpretatiewe, psigo-analitiese en “interpretatiewe autoetnografiese” metodes geanaliseer is. Opvolg-onderhoude is gehou ten einde die mate van weerklank en bruikbaarheid van die nuwe konsepte te evalueer. ’n Verskeidenheid teoretiese bydrae is gekombineer ten einde die modernistiese kulturele en politieke stutte van verdrukkende response tot die belemmerde liggaam te belig, en is voorts geïntegreer met beskrywings van die sielkundige en verhoudingsmatige verknorsings van gestremdheid wat uit die kliniese rekord vergader is. Onderwerpe wat uit die literatuur ontleen, krities geëvalueer, ontwikkel en hersintetiseer is, sluit in die kultuur van narcisme, die gesin, “medikalisering”, sosiale spieëling, geïnternaliseerde verdrukking, liminaliteit, sowel as uitbeeldings van gestremdheid in barmhartigheidsdiens, kuns en bio-etiek. Die aard van teenoordrag-dinamieke in terapeutiese werk met gestremdes is ook in oorweging geneem. Sleutelbegrippe ontleen aan die kliniese data is ontwikkel en vootdurend herformuleer; hierdie sluit in die verwringing van grenslyne, die diskoers van verlies, van beheer, onafhanklikheid, identiteit, medepligtigheid, trauma, en die imperatief tot stilswye oor die subjektiewe ervaring van die gestremde lewe.

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Leung, Siu-hung Joel, e 梁紹雄. "The effects of the Hong Kong "disability discrimination ordinance" (DDO) on public transport accessibility and building design forwheelchair users". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31259996.

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19

Giwu, Pumeza. "Evaluation of employment opportunities for people with disabilities in Joe Gqabi District of the Eastern Cape". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1016224.

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Even though the post-apartheid democratic government introduced a “social model” approach to address disability, there is still low employment rate of People with Disabilities. Government has enacted different legislation aimed at the inclusion of people with disabilities into the mainstream of society; however, the majority of people with disabilities are unemployed and often denied employment opportunities. The study seeks to evaluate employment of people with disabilities, identify challenges facing the government departments and local municipalities in employing people with disabilities, and to determine what measures can be taken to improve the employment of this group. A purposive sampling was used to select the government departments and the municipalities. A total of seven organisations, participated in the study consisting of four government departments and three local municipalities of the Joe Gabi District. During the interviews, a semi-structured interview guide was used to generate in-depth interpretation from the participants. The data was then analysed using quantitative methods such as graphs and tables and qualitative methods such as data coding through Tech's (1990) framework as described in (Creswell, 2003). The findings of the research revealed that government departments and municipalities still experience challenges in recruiting and providing employment opportunities to people with disabilities. There are a number of factors perceived by participants as challenges to low recruitment and employment of people with disabilities. These include: A lack of clear internal policies and guidelines at district levels of the government departments; Tendency by the government departments and municipalities to use the Employment Equity Plans only as a tool for compliance with legislation; A lack of effective recruitment strategies especially for people with disabilities. The participants also suggested a number of ways to improve employment and recruitment of people with disabilities, which include partnering with relevant organisations that could help in providing work-seekers who are persons with disability, developing effective internal recruitment strategies, HR managers to be trained in disability management and all relevant legislation and finally departments to fund posts specifically for people with disabilities.

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20

Van, Wieren Todd Alan. "Autism Spectrum Disorders and Workplace Discrimination: An Empirical Analysis of EEOC-Resolved ADA Title I Charges". VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/1889.

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21

Schitko, Denise. "Can attitudinal barriers relating to physical disabilities be modified with targeted education?" Click here to access this resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/747.

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This study aims to determine whether the attitudes of students (and therefore future employers) towards people with physical disabilities can be modified by exposing them to the needs of disabled people, or whether perceptions of the needs of the disabled are too entrenched for education to effect any change. It also evaluates whether attitudinal changes are enduring and therefore continue to influence students’ responses to the disabled after a period of time has elapsed. Respondents were students on the Diploma of Hospitality Management at Auckland University of Technology (AUT), enrolled on an Accommodation Operations paper. A compulsory assessment for this paper was a group assignment that considered facilities offered by accommodation providers for guests with disabilities. Respondents were surveyed before (n = 54) and after (n = 24) the assignment to determine any attitude and knowledge changes. Both surveys were undertaken at the end of lectures. The surveys were distributed in class, so the number of respondents relates to the number of students in class during the particular lecture selected for survey distribution. Respondents were then invited to join a focus group to explore their feelings and opinions about disabled people. Another focus group was undertaken with students who had completed the disability assignment the previous year. The focus group was to assess whether or not the awareness of disability issues was still apparent after a period of time had elapsed. These findings would then prove whether or not exposure to such issues still influenced respondents’ attitudes. The second survey responses and comments made during the subsequent focus groups conclude that awareness of disability issues may be heightened with exposure to barriers, both physical and attitudinal, that are experienced by people with impairments. Understanding of disability issues is the first step in the removal of barriers and will help lead to the creation of a more inclusive environment for staff and guests in the hospitality industry. An inclusive environment is particularly desirable as more hotels are required in response to increases in tourist numbers. With increased visitors’ arrivals, it is reasonable to expect that tourists will have varying abilities, and therefore, modification of facilities to suit their needs will benefit a large number of people. The research also concludes that the knowledge gained in the assignment was still influential after the conclusion of the assignment. Students who have studied issues for people with impairments, as future managers, will have the knowledge and understanding to provide a more inclusive environment for guests that meets both social and legal obligations. Such an environment will be beneficial to both guests and potential employees with physical disabilities.

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22

Dell, Jodi B. "Reasonable accommodation under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990". FIU Digital Commons, 1993. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2767.

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The Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 requires that employers provide "reasonable accommodations" for qualified individuals who have a disability, provided that doing so does not result in "undue hardship". There are several guidelines that employers have been given to evaluate the reasonableness of job accommodations. Unfortunately, these guidelines have been criticized as being vague and ambiguous. Specific factors considered when determining whether or not to grant an accommodation under the ADA have yet to be examined in psychological research. The current study evaluated the impact of cost of accommodations, position level of the employee, and attitudes of raters for their effects on judgements of the reasonableness of requests and on subjects' likelihood of honoring requests. Results showed that accommodations were rated as more reasonable and were recommended to be honored more often for higher level positions than for lower level positions. Measures of attitudes toward disabled persons, both in general and in the workplace, did not have many significant correlations with the dependent measures. Implications of the findings and ideas for future research are discussed.

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23

Yeung, Au Lai-Kit Rikkie, e 區麗潔. "Fighting for a more equal Hong Kong: a continuing struggle". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31972627.

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24

Lai, Sum-yee Sumi, e 黎心怡. "Equal opportunities for the mentally-ill". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44569853.

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25

Smith-Chandler, Natalie. "A Narrative Inquiry into the Professional Identities of Individuals with Disabilities". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17927.

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Thesis (MEd )--Stellenbosch University, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Employment in capitalist society forms the foundation of social, economic and political order where most individuals between the ages of 18 and 65 are assumed to be in a position to procure gainful employment in their areas of personal interest. Despite the move to democracy, based on the principles implicit in the Human Rights Movement, individuals with disabilities continue to exist as among the most economically disadvantaged groups in society where they are subject to the sustained effects of discriminatory and prejudicial attitudes in the workplace. This is compounded by the pervasive impact of lack of skills development; poor access to education and training; lack of awareness from employers; disabling environments and poor policy development. The purpose of this narrative inquiry was to explore the alternative stories of six individuals with disabilities who are currently employed in the mainstream labour sector as a means to gain insights into individual experiences of obstacles and facilitators to inclusion in the world of work. A narrative inquiry approach, embedded in a critical, emancipatory research paradigm formed the methodology for this study. This thesis was considered through the lens of an integrated theoretical approach, drawing on poststructuralist and social constructionist thought, interspersed with "episodes" of Lacanian psychoanalysis to attend to aspects of internalized oppression. Six individuals with disabilities, employed in the mainstream labour sector, were selected from three sites, using a purposive sampling method. Data were collected by way of two in-depth unstructured narrative interviews, constructed by way of personal experience stories (Squire, 2008; Riessman, 1993) and life stories (Atkinson, 1998) as a means to explore participants‟ unique life experiences and how they have constructed and asserted their professional identities in the world of work. A dual analysis process (first descriptive, then interpretive) was employed to bring structure and interpretation to the collected texts. Descriptive analysis involved the re-telling of participants‟ personal experience and life stories, using Clandinin and Connelly‟s three dimensional narrative inquiry space, whilst interpretive analysis sought to attend to the universal stories of disability using thematic analysis and synthesis. The key messages from the narratives revealed that in spite of the fact that many individuals with disabilities demonstrate immense loyalty, low rates of absenteeism, commitment and a range of skills, talents and abilities, disability continues to be conceptualized as an inferior status which inevitably creates widespread marginalization due to the pervasive effects of stigma, fear and ignorance. Many are not privy to vital education and training options as a precursor to entry into the labour market, and unequal salary structures, environmental barriers and physical accessibility are additional constraints which preclude full and equal participation in the mainstream labour sector. This study identified the efficacy of narrative inquiry etched within an integrated theoretical approach as the promise that disability studies has been waiting for. A crucial step in re-writing the historically disabling scripts related to the “disabled identity”, as a means to lobby for more inclusive strategies in the workplace, involves truly listening to the polyphony of individual voices from an emancipatory perspective.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gelyke werksgeleenthede en indiensneming vorm die grondslag van die sosiale, ekonomiese en politieke bedeling in 'n kapitalistiese samelewing. Die aanname is dat die meerderheid individue tussen die ouderdomme van 18 en 65 besoldigde betrekkings kan beklee waarin hulle belangstel. Ten spyte van die verskuiwing na 'n demokrasie wat gebaseer is op die beginsels van die Menseregtebeweging, is individue met gestremdhede steeds deel van 'n ekonomies benadeelde groepering as gevolg van diskriminasie en vooroordele in die werksplek. Hierdie situasie word vererger deur die deurlopende impak van 'n tekort aan vaardighede, beperkte toegang tot onderwys en opleiding, werkgewers se beperkte bewustheid van individue met gestremdheid se behoeftes en potensiaal, ontoeganklike werksomgewings en leemtes in beleidsontwikkeling. Die doel van hierdie narratiewe ondersoek was daarom 'n verkenning van alternatiewe verhale van ses individue met fisiese gestremdheid wat werksaam is in die ope arbeidsmark ten einde insig te kry in hul individuele ervarings van hindernisse en ondersteuning in die werksplek. Die metodologie van hierdie studie kan tipeer word as 'n narratiewe ondersoekbenadering wat gevestig is in 'n krities-emansipatoriese navorsingsparadigma. Die lens van die studie was dus 'n geïntegreerde teoretiese benadering van post-strukturalistiese en sosio-konstruksionistiese denke en "episodes" van Lakan se psigoanalise om aspekte van geïnternaliseerde onderdrukking te verstaan. Ses individue met fisiese gestremdheid wat werksaam is in die ope arbeidsmark is doelbewus gekies uit drie werksplekke. Data is gegenereer deur twee ongestruktureerde narratiewe onderhoude in die vorm van vertellings oor persoonlike ervarings (Squire, 2008; Riessman, 1993) en lewensverhale (Atkinson, 1998). Die deelnemers se unieke lewenservarings en hul konstruksie en handhawing van hul professionele identiteit in die werksplek was die fokus van die datagenerering. 'n Tweeledige proses van analise (eers beskrywend, daarna interpreterend) is gevolg om die teks te struktureer en te interpreteer. Beskrywende analise, gebaseer op Clandinin en Connelly se driedimensionele narratiewe ruimte, behels die oorvertel van deelnemers se persoonlike ervaring en lewensverhale. Die interpreterende analise daarenteen gebruik tematiese analise en sintese van die universele stories. Die sentrale tema van die narratiewe is dat gestremdheid steeds gekonseptualiseer word as minderwaardig, ten spyte van hierdie individue se ongekende lojaliteit, min afwesigheid, toegewydheid en omvang van vaardighede, talente en vermoëns. Die stigma, vrese en onkundigheid wat daarmee gepaard gaan lei tot marginalisering. Baie persone met gestremdhede het steeds nie toegang tot onderwys en opleidingsgeleenthede nie en voldoen dus nie aan die vereistes wat gestel word vir toegang tot die arbeidsmark nie. Oneweredige salarisstrukture, hindernisse in die omgewing en fisiese toeganklikheid belemmer volledige en gelyke deelname in die ope arbeidsmark. Hierdie studie bevestig die bruikbaarheid van narratiewe navorsing en 'n geïntegreerde teoretiese benadering in gestremdheidstudies. 'n Belangrike stap is die herskryf van die historiese beskouings van onbekwaamheid en “gestremde identiteit” as 'n poging om te onderhandel vir meer inklusiewe strategieë in die werkplek. Dit behels opregte luister na die individuele stemme vanuit 'n emansipatoriese perspektief.

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Kazemi, Farida. "Attitudes of university students towards students with physical disabilities". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1198.

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The purpose of this study is to explore the social and dating attitudes of university students who are able-bodied towards students with physical disabilities at California State University, San Bernardino.

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Willis, Barbara G. "Discourse as a normative instrument analysis of mental illness on a disability services discussion list /". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4874.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on October 15, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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Höller, Birgit. "Die Beschulung behinderter Kinder und Jugendlicher an öffentlichen Schulen". Hamburg Kovač, 2008. http://d-nb.info/987919784/04.

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Jones, Stephen C. (Stephen Clark). "Predicting Small Business Executives' Intentions to Comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 Using the Theories of Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior and the Concept of Offender Empathy". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277842/.

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This study attempted to determine if the theories of reasoned action (TRA) and planned behavior (TPB), as well as a relatively new construct called offender empathy, could help to predict the intentions of small business executives (SBEs) to comply with the employment provisions of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990.

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Koch, Christa. "Sosiale aanpassings van studente met gestremdhede aan die Stellenbosch Universiteit". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5336.

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Bibliography
Thesis (MEdPsych (Educational Psychology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The year 1994 is seen as a significant year in South Africa. The new democratic dispensation contributed to the education system, including higher education, by presenting it with new demands and challenges. Higher education institutions have been encouraged to include individuals representing groups that have been excluded on the grounds of age, gender and disabilities. Inclusive education is encouraged with the ultimate goal of attaining inclusion in society as a whole. Inclusion is the overarching concept that addresses the right to acceptance and belonging in society of all learners, adults, children with disabilities and people without disabilities. The primary aim of this study was to obtain an in-depth understanding of how students with disabilities adapt socially at Stellenbosch University. The study was based upon the assumption that it is important to hear the voices of students with disabilities before any recommendations in terms of involving students with disabilities in social opportunities can be made to the role players. The study was conducted by means of qualitative research, and the methods of data collection consisted of individual and focus group interviews as well as document analysis. The research findings can be described as follows: Students with disabilities experience both internal and external support and barrier factors and processes that impact on their social adaptation. Internal support and barrier factors and processes include emotional, behavioural, belief, personality and cognitive aspects. External support and barrier factors and processes include the support network, the faculty and department, the university at large and the social system. Four overarching themes emerged from the data of the participants: communication, attitude and awareness, inclusion and self-advocacy. The findings of the study have important implications for all role players. Recommendations are made with the aim of improving the campus climate so that an inclusive environment can be created together with an environment where all students at Stellenbosch University can adapt socially; enjoy equal opportunities and full participation, and where they experience no discrimination.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In Suid-Afrika word 1994 beskou as 'n waterskeidingsjaar. Die nuwe demokratiese bestel het daartoe bygedra dat die onderwyssektor, insluitend hoëronderwys, aan talle nuwe eise en uitdagings blootgestel is. Hoëronderwysinstansies is aangemoedig om groepe wat tradisioneel op grond van ras, ouderdom, geslag en gestremdheid uitgesluit was te ondersteun en te akkommodeer. Inklusiewe onderwys word aangemoedig met die uiteindelike doel dat inklusie in die samelewing bereik word. Inklusie is die oorkoepelende konsep wat alle leerders, volwassenes, kinders, mense met gestremdhede en mense sonder gestremdhede se reg tot aanvaarding en hulle gevoel dat hulle in die samelewing tuishoort ("have a sense of belonging") aanspreek. Die doel van die studie was om diepgaande kennis te verkry van studente met gestremdhede se ervarings van sosiale aanpassing aan die Universiteit Stellenbosch. Die ondersoek is gebaseer op die aanname dat alhoewel daar voorstelle aan rolspelers gemaak kan word ten opsigte van strategieë om studente met gestremdhede meer by sosiale geleenthede op kampus te betrek, dit belangrik is om allereers na die stemme van die studente met gestremdhede self te luister. Die studie is aan die hand van 'n kwalitatiewe metodologie onderneem en data is hoofsaaklik deur middel van individuele en fokusgroeponderhoude asook dokumentanalise, gegenereer. Die navorsingsbevindinge het betekenisvolle insigte oor die ervarings van studente met gestremdhede se sosiale aanpassing opgelewer en kan soos volg opgesom word: Studente met gestremdhede ervaar beide interne en eksterne ondersteunings- en belemmerende faktore en prosesse wat 'n uitwerking het op hul sosiale aanpassing. Interne faktore en prosesse behels emosionele, gedrags-, oortuigings-, persoonlikheids- en kognitiewe aspekte. Eksterne faktore en prosesse sluit onder meer die ondersteuningsnetwerk, die fakulteite en departemente, die universiteit in die geheel, asook die sosiale stelsel in. Die vier oorkoepelende temas sluit kommunikasie, houdings en bewustheid, inklusie en self-voorspraak van die studente met gestremdhede se behoeftes in. Die bevindinge van die studie hou belangrike implikasies in vir alle rolspelers. Aanbevelings word gemaak met die doel om die kampusklimaat te verbeter sodat 'n ware inklusiewe omgewing geskep kan word – 'n omgewing waarin alle studente gelyke geleenthede en volle deelname kan geniet, geen diskriminasie ervaar nie en waar hulle ook as studente aan die Universiteit Stellenbosch sosiaal kan

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Bell, Diane. "Investigating teaching and learning support for students with hearing impairment at a university in the Western Cape". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80004.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
Bibliography
Includes Guidelines for teaching hearing impaired students (35 p.)
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Globally, hearing impairment remains the most common congenital anomaly diagnosed in infants, and hearing impairment is the single largest disability grouping in South Africa. Growing numbers of students with hearing impairment are being granted access into higher education in South Africa. However, they still remain under-represented in comparison to students with other impairments, and their needs in the teaching and learning environment in terms of human and technical support as well as communication and access to information remain under-supported. This study came into being because of the absence of research on the academic experiences of students with hearing impairment in higher education in South Africa. The intention of the study was to analyse and describe the teaching and learning (academic) experiences of students with hearing impairment at the case study university. This inquiry focused specifically on educational barriers, coping strategies, assistive technologies, curriculum accessibility as well as support services. Using a qualitative case study design, informed by an interpretive (constructivist) paradigm, purposeful sampling led to the selection of information-rich cases in order to gain insight from the authentic experiences of the students. The context of the case study was a South African university with a relatively large number of registered students with hearing impairment who use the oral method of communication. Data were generated by means of semi-structured interviews with participating students, university lecturers and a staff member from the disability unit. ATLAS.ti was used to code and analyse the data using grounded theory methods, allowing for the discovery of recurring themes. Six major findings emerged from this study, namely that all of the participants identified as belonging to the hearing rather than Deaf identity cultural paradigm, that limited curriculum transformation had taken place, existing support services were largely inadequate, a large number of barriers related to teaching and assessment were experienced, a variety of academic and personal coping strategies were used by the students to support their needs, and some critical factors for success were advocated for by the participants. From the findings and data interpretation and by making use of Bronfenbrenner’s bio-ecological model of human development as a tool, I constructed both an academic learning support framework as well as a set of practical guidelines for teaching students with hearing impairment. Thereafter conclusions were drawn and practical recommendations were made to various stakeholders in the education of students with hearing impairment. Further areas for research are also suggested. The academic learning support framework (as a model of best practice) forms part of my personal contribution to the field of research.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gehoorgestremdheid is wêreldwyd steeds die algemeenste kongenitale afwyking wat by babas gediagnoseer word, en in Suid-Afrika is die meeste mense met gestremdhede dié met gehoorgestremdhede. Alhoewel ’n toenemende aantal studente met gehoorverlies toegang tot hoër onderwys in Suid-Afrika verkry, is hulle steeds onderverteenwoordig in vergelyking met studente met ander gestremdhede en ontvang hulle steeds min ondersteuning, hetsy menslik of tegnies. Hierdie studie het ontstaan as gevolg van die afwesigheid van navorsing oor die persoonlike ervarings van studente met gehoorgestremdheid in hoër onderwys in Suid-Afrika. Die hoofdoel van hierdie gevallestudie was om vas te stel hoe om hierdie studente akademies te ondersteun ten einde hul tersiêre opvoeding en hul kanse om sukses te behaal en grade te verwerf, te verbeter. Die studie het veral gekyk na die opvoedkundige struikelblokke, hanteringstrategieë, ondersteunende tegnologieë, leerplantoeganklikheid, sowel as onder-steuningsdienste. Die metodologie wat vir hierdie studie gebruik is, was kwalitatief van aard. Die gebruik van doelgerigte steekproefneming het gelei tot die keuse van inligtingryke gevalle ten einde insig in die alledaagse ervarings van die studente te verkry. Die agtergrond van die studie was ŉ universiteit met 'n groot aantal geregistreerde gehoorgestremde studente wat van mondelinge/ouditiewe kommunikasiemetodes gebruik maak. Data is deur middel van semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude met hierdie studente, dosente en 'n personeellid van die eenheid vir gestremdhede gegenereer. Die data is met behulp van ATLAS.ti gekodeer en geanaliseer om die herhalendende temas te bepaal. Die ses belangrikste bevindings uit hierdie studie was dat al die deelnemers hulself met horende studente eerder as met gehoorgestremdes in die samelewing geïdentifiseer het, dat beperkte kurrikulum-transformasie plaasgevind het, dat bestaande ondersteuningsdienste grootliks onvoldoende was, dat die deelnemers ŉ groot aantal struikelblokke met betrekking tot onderrig en assessering ervaar het, dat hulle ŉ verskeidenheid akademiese en persoonlike hanteringstrategieë gebruik het om aan hulle behoeftes te voldoen en dat die kritiese faktore vir sukses deur die deelnemers self bepleit moes word. Uit die bevindinge van hierdie navorsing het die navorser 'n holistiese raamwerk, geïnspireer deur Bronfenbrenner se bio-ekologiese model vir menslike ontwikkeling, vir studente met gehoorgestremdheid in hoër onderwys ontwerp. Gevolgtrekkings is gemaak en praktiese aanbevelings is aan verskeie belanghebbendes wat by die onderrig van studente met gehoorgestremdheid betrokke is, voorgelê. Verdere terreine vir navorsing word ook voorgestel. Die akademiese leerondersteuningsraamwerk (as ’n model van beste praktyk) maak deel uit van my persoonlike bydrae tot die navorsingsveld.

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McParland, Patricia. "Dementia : what comes to mind? : an exploration into how the general public understands and responds to dementia". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/20411.

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This thesis explores how the general public understands and responds to dementia. In the context of this study the word ‘understanding' is used to convey the complex co-construction of knowledge and establishing of beliefs that constitutes public understandings of dementia. The study also examines the responses of members of the public to dementia, in the context of their understanding. Data were collected over a 12 month period and included a module in the Northern Ireland Life and Times (NILT) survey, five focus groups and nine interviews with participants from the focus groups. The survey module included thirty measures examining levels of knowledge and attitudes towards dementia. 1200 participants were targeted and the survey was administered by the Northern Ireland Research & Statistics Agency with a response rate of 58%. The focus groups and interviews provided the mechanism to gather a more nuanced picture, exploring the beliefs behind the attitudes and the self-reported responses of participants to people with dementia. Findings indicate that the general public has a reasonable knowledge of the symptoms and pathway of dementia in line with a bio medical model. However the findings also indicate that the general public holds a mix of theoretical and empirical knowledge and that this is often contradictory. A complex mix of scientific or medical information, experience, anecdote and assumptions contribute to the discourse. This information is stored and conveyed in the form of stories and a consequence of this interplay is that individual experiences told in the form of stories are generalised to become building blocks in the construction of what the general public understands dementia to be. The current construction of dementia among the general public is found to be both nihilistic and ageist with clear evidence that dementia is stigmatised. I will argue that that the relationship between dementia and ageing in the minds of the general public is a symbiotic one. Dementia has become a cultural metaphor for unsuccessful ageing marking entry to the fourth age. The stigmatising response of the general public is the result of a complex interplay of multiple factors. I have expanded on previous ideas of multiple jeopardy and intersectionality, suggesting that the stigma associated with dementia is unique and driven as much by emotional responses as by the social location of the person with dementia. I have borrowed Brooker’s (2003) term “Dementia-ism’ to describe this stigma. This thesis argues for a more complex and sophisticated approach to changing public attitudes and reducing stigma. Dementia-ism must be addressed with the same strength of purpose currently applied to sexism, racism and ageism.

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Oakes, Wayne Thomas. "Disablement and the law in the United States and Canada /". 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pMQ75408.

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Thesis (LL. M.)--York University, 2002. Graduate Programme in Law.
Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 336-361). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pMQ75408.

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Maeder, Evelyn M. "Double jeopardy disabled and black disability, race, and their interaction /". 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1686180481&sid=14&Fmt=2&clientId=14215&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2009.
Title from title screen (site viewed May 5, 2009). PDF text: viii, 138 p. : ill. ; 487 K. UMI publication number: AAT 3344515. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in microfilm and microfiche formats.

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Harmse-Truter, Laurentia. "Disability, discrimination and equal opportunities : a comparative labour law study". Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5967.

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LL.D.
This study aims to investigate the different ways in which the position of people with disabilities can be addressed. Antidiscrimination legislation can play a very important role. Efforts to create equal opportunities must, however, not be limited to legislative initiatives and policy declarations. There is an urgent need for education and training of this minority group. 7 Systematic efforts to heighten public awareness of civil rights and in particular the recognition of the rights of the disabled community are imperative. This study aims to bring home the truth that "disability rights are an idea and ideal whose time has come. ,, When addressing the issue of disability discrimination (or for that matter any kind of discrimination) several principles need to be addressed, the most important being the following: The meaning of the concept of "equality" needs to be established. The fact that all people are equal, does not necessarily mean that all people must be treated the same. When speaking about disability discrimination one must know who forms part of the protected class. For that reason the first issue that must be addressed is the definition of "disability": This leads to the next question, namely which individuals should be protected by anti-discrimination laws and should they benefit from affirmative action measures? What is meant by the term "discrimination"? Is it at all permissible to distinguish between groups of people and, if so, when and which standards are to be applied? What role can anti-discrimination legislation fulfil in the struggle for equality? When dealing with anti-discrimination legislation, what is required in order to prove discrimination and what remedies must be available to an aggrieved party? Normally, in case of criminal action proof is required beyond reasonable doubt and in case of civil action on the balance of probabilities. 10 Civil action offers more effective remedies, but should it be punitive in nature (by awarding damages to the aggrieved party) or non-punitive (by putting the aggrieved party in his/her "rightful place")? What sort of enforcement mechanism is needed? Is it a task for the ordinary tribunals or rather a special body created for that purpose? What defences should be available to an employer accused of discriminatory practices? Who should benefit from enforcement? Only the individual victim or all members of that group? Is anti-discrimination legislation sufficient or is something in addition called for? If positive measures are required, what form must these measures take? This study will address these questions specifically with relation to people with disabilities.The "equality principle" will first be studied. Thereafter the concept of "disability" will be defined. There is a movement away from a medical model of disability towards a social model that takes account of the disabling effects of attitudes and structural barriers on the position of disabled people. Then the concept of "discrimination" will be addressed. Discrimination has many different forms and can take place in different contexts In the following chapter possible solutions to the problem of disability discrimination will be raised. Thereafter follows an important comparative analysis of different jurisdictions on international, supra-national and national level. Different jurisdictions have reached different stages in addressing this problem. The factual analysis of each jurisdiction will include the existence of any anti-discrimination legislative measures, the scope of the protected class, applicable employment provisions, defences available to employers, and the success achieved in addressing the problem. The contentious issue of affirmative action measures will also be addressed. By drawing inferences from the comparative study, suggestions will be made for future developments in South Africa. The conclusion is reached that it is imperative for South Africa to draft disability anti-discrimination legislation that takes account of the needs of this minority group. Legislative initiatives, however, are not enough and must be supported by various programmes aimed at the disabled themselves and the community that they live in. Only then can human rights become a reality also for people with disabilities.

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Ximba, Themba Mdumiseni. "Career advancement challenges facing people with disabilities in South Africa". Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/22159.

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The objective of this study was to assess the perceptions of individuals with disabilities regarding the career advancement challenges they face and to determine whether the perceptions of career advancement challenges disabled individuals from different races, ages, genders and occupational levels differ. This study employed a qualitative approach to explore the career advancement challenges and also to achieve the empirical objectives. The empirical study was conducted with 15 employees with declared disabilities employed by two group companies in different sectors in the Gauteng Province. Probability, purposeful and snowballing sampling techniques were applied. The findings indicated that most people with disabilities experienced career advancement challenges, especially promotion opportunities. Managers and colleagues’ lack of knowledge about disabilities have an adverse impact on the careers of individuals living with a disability. The findings of this study may help companies improve practices on the integration and inclusion of employees with disabilities and also on decision-making regarding their careers.
Human Resource Management
M. Com. (Business Management)

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Geiger, Elizabeth Farrell. "Don’t DIS my ABILITY: Expansion of Minority Stress Theory for Adults with Learning Disabilities". Thesis, 2019. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-bsjg-yq92.

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Since the multicultural movement, disability theorists have called to understand disability as a marginalized and socially constructed identity (Olkin, 2002). The current study aimed to adopt this approach with individuals diagnosed with learning disabilities (LD) to assess the psychological ramifications of LD stigma and discrimination. Previous work has begun to explore the links between LD discrimination and psychological health (Geiger & Brewster, 2018); however, the role of mediating variables remains unexplored. The current study applied Minority Stress Theory (Meyer, 1995, 2003) with a national sample of 227 adults with LDs to assess the potential mediating roles LD-specific minority stressors have on the relationship between LD discrimination and psychological distress grounded in the integrative mediation framework (Hatzenbuehler, 2009). Through bivariate correlations and structural equation modeling, the study examined relations between five variables: one distal stressor (i.e., LD discrimination), and three proximal stressors (i.e., expectations of LD stigma, internalized LD stigma, concealment of LD identity) with mental health outcomes (i.e., psychological distress). Results provide support for the adaptation of minority stress theory with adult LD populations through model fit, in addition to support from hypothesized bivariate correlations between variables of interest. Findings indicate partial support for direct effects, with LD discrimination demonstrating the most robust effect on psychological distress and all three proximal stressors. In terms of mediating variables, findings do not support the three hypothesized indirect effects of proximal stressors. Clinical, theoretical, and research implications and future directions are explored.

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Nxumalo, Lindani Goodman. "Disability discrimination and undue hardship within the working environment: a critical analysis". Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19171.

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South Africa is faced with a huge challenge of disability discrimination and inequality. Disabled people are not enjoying equal treatment as compared to others. Those who are on the working sector are not reasonable accommodated. The study examines challenges faced by people with disabilities. The study further submit that people with disabilities should be reasonably accommodated and be retained in the working sector as they have a positive role to play in the economy. The study also looks at the various legislations and argues that they are ineffective as they fail to address the imbalances of the past. The study further suggest that there is a need for all people to understand disabled people and not to isolate them as such stigma cause people with disabilities to be unfairly discriminated against in society and in employment
College of Law
L.L.M (Commercial Law)

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Ollerton, Janice M. "Rights, camera, action! : a collaborative exploration of social barriers to self-determination with people labelled with learning difficulties". Thesis, 2010. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/507147.

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There is a considerable body of literature about people labelled with learning difficulties but limited research undertaken by or with them. In this thesis I describe an Inclusive Participatory Action Research endeavour in which people labelled with learning difficulties explored social barriers limiting their self-determination. The thesis proposes that people so labelled are unacceptably disadvantaged by ableist social structures and disablist practices. Participating in the social research described herein, became a way of challenging such practices, dismantling disabling barriers, exposing myths of incompetence and building the self-determination skills of the research team members. Taking the social model of disability position, the claim of unacceptable disadvantage was founded on experiential evidence that people disabled by society are not permitted opportunity for self-determination equivalent to that enjoyed by other members of society. This dictated that the research be essentially rights-based; in particular, it was founded upon the principle that people labelled with learning difficulties have rights: the right to self-determination, the right to be included in research that concerns them and the right to an inclusive research approach with accessible research methods and outcomes. As a consequence, the research required new ways of doing disability research. Informed by the dialogic strategies of Paulo Freire, an Inclusive Research approach was melded with Participatory Action Research to provide an inclusive research methodology (IPAR). Creative methods such as Photo-voice (where photography and narrative are used to express that which can be difficult to verbalise), poetry, metaphor, journaling and patchwork were combined with traditional qualitative research methods, such as textual analysis and interviewing, in new and innovative ways to make the research process accessible. Using the camera, conceptually complex theories and procedures, including ableism, textually-mediated social behaviour and institutional ethnography, were rendered comprehensible to the research team. The abstract was made concrete through the photographic text. Anchoring the analysis in the United Nations‟ Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities provided grounds upon which perceived injustices were assessed and challenged. Rights, Camera, Action! The research knowledge created promoted action. Self-advocacy and citizenship were means of investigating and challenging disabling barriers. Through the exercising and development of self-determination skills the research transitioned from a facilitated endeavour to a project which was self-funded and self-directed by the team, all labelled with learning difficulties. In terms of a research outcome this event transformed the social and material relations of the research, qualifying for that utopic Disability Studies goal of emancipatory research. In terms of personal outcomes and achievements I have been changed by this research. Many of the assumptions I brought to the study have been unsettled and unacknowledged stereotypes dismantled. Feedback from my co-researchers, their families and disability service providers, indicates that participation in this research has also been life-changing for my colleagues. It has contributed to increased confidence, pride and feelings of self-worth for everyone involved. Opportunity to support one another to challenge oppression and engage in social action contributed to improved quality of life for a small community in Western Sydney and to human flourishing. For my Photo-voice co-researchers, undertaking social research provided opportunities to publically and professionally exhibit their photographic work. They met with corporate executives, NSW Education Department officials and Members of Parliament. They wrote to the Australian Human Rights Commissioner and instigated an internal investigation into a Government Department. The team contributed to the Photo-voice website and shared their research findings across Australia in venues such as corporate board rooms, school classrooms, university Human Rights lectures, as well as disability Expos, academic conferences and the largest disability service consumers‟ conference in the southern hemisphere. These achievements are highly significant and worth celebrating. Using IPAR the Photo-voice team promoted disability rights. Accessible research methods were developed using the camera to expose disabling practices and illuminate ableism. The camera has also provided a means by which we can disseminate our work in print, online and in power point presentations. Collaboratively we took action to address injustices and generate positive social change. Endeavouring to shed light with moving pictures, our motto was Rights, Camera, Action!

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40

Hayes, Kaelynn Marie. "Indiana Special Olympics and Its Portrayals of People with Intellectual Disabilities, 1969-1989". Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/3741.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
On July 20, 1968, the first-ever International Special Olympics Games took place in Chicago, Illinois. The following year, two Indiana State University (ISU) professors established Indiana Special Olympics (ISO) and took on the task of not only planning an annual competition, but also developing training programs and smaller events throughout the state. The organization maintained headquarters on the ISU campus before relocating to Indianapolis in 1989. Over ISO’s first two decades, its small staff expanded its sports programming in the face of financial and logistical challenges. Despite being an athletics organization, ISO focused on more than improving the physical fitness of its participants. The organization intended to change society’s negative views of people with mental disabilities by increasing public awareness and societal inclusion of such individuals. In this effort, how ISO depicted people with mental disabilities had significance. This thesis explores ISO’s growth from 1969 to 1989 and argues that ISO did not create a consistent image of people with intellectual disabilities during this time period. Instead, it conveyed and implied multiple depictions that sometimes contradicted each other. The divergent portrayals reveal that ISO developed at a time when people were both maintaining historical conceptions of disability and creating new ones.

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41

Baloyi, Busisiwe Helen. "Black community attitudes towards the disabled-educational implications". Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18050.

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This study, BLACK COMMUNITY ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE DISABLED - EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATIONS, set out to investigate the attitude of the black community towards the disabled. Literature was consulted to provide a backdrop against which the empirical surveys could be measured. The study used systematic observation interviews for data collection. Appointments were made to conduct the interviews. The study obtained responses from 70 interviewees from four African cultures namely the Vend~ Pedi, Tsonga and Ndebele, who were divided into seven groups, ten per group, i.e. parents of the disabled, the disabled themselves, siblings of the disabled, parents of non-disabled, youth, old people and professional workers. Findings indicated that disabilities such as cerebral palsy, orthopaedic disabilities, blindness and deafness are undesirable and constitute problems in the life of a disabled, their families in general perspective and the community at large. Disabilities constituted different attitudes and were identified as varying from total rejection to acceptance which are brought about by the components of the TRIPARTITE MODEL I A B C MODEL being cognitive, affective and behavioural. Education of the whole black community concerning the issue of disabled people seems to be the only answer to bring about a change of attitude towards the disabled. Therefore a number of recommendations were included to serve as guidance and counselling so that myth and witchcraft ideologies and negative attitudes can be uprooted. The researcher hopes that the effort that went into this· study will be beneficial in the process of educating the black community about the disabled with the ultimate goal of changing existing negative attitudes towards the disabled into positive attitudes of acceptance and support.
Psychology of Education
D Ed. (Psychology of Education)

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42

Snyman, Adele Erna. "Factors with regard to the attainment of workplace equality as perceived by people with physical disabilities". Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3109.

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Since 1994, various policies and guidelines, pertaining to the employment of people with disabilities have been promulgated. All of these policies highlighted the importance of employment equity and equality within the working environment. Despite all these policies and guidelines people with disabilities are still experiencing barriers within the working environment. These barriers prevent them from functioning optimally and equally alongside able-bodied colleagues. The requirements of people with disabilities are still not integrated into the general considerations of the workplace. In order to determine what factors people with physical disabilities perceive as important with regard to equality in the workplace, a combination of a qualitative and quantitative research approach were followed. Both convenient and Snowball/Chain sampling was utilised to identify the research participants. The data was gathered by means of an intensive literature study, as well as utilisation of surveys and interviews. After analysing the data, specific conclusions could be made. The sample was not representative of the total population, so these conclusions could not be generalised, it could however indicate certain trends. The conclusions with regard to the study could be utilised to improve the management of employees with physical disabilities in order to promote workplace equality. Certain recommendations in this regard have been made. Recommendations on how social workers could assist with the attainment of workplace equality for employees with disabilities have also been made.
Social Work
M.A. (Social Science)

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43

Dziva, Cowen. "Advancing the rights of rural women with disabilities in Zimbabwe: challenges and opportunities for the twenty first century". Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/24931.

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Text in English with abstracts in English, isiXhosa and isiZulu
Disability studies largely ignored or neglected the experiences of rural women with disabilities (WWD) in the Global South. This qualitative study documents the challenges faced by Zimbabwean rural WWD in the enjoyment of their fundamental rights and freedoms. Against the backdrop of various global, regional and national efforts to advance WWD’s rights, the study examines possibilities for change. Utilising a phenomenological design, data were collected through in-depth interviews with women and girls with disabilities (WGWD), and semi-structured interviews with state and non-state actors in disability rights. Augmented by observations and extensive literature and policy reviews, the research findings revealed that the majority of rural WWD are not aware of their legal rights and have limited access to productive resources, information, employment, education and food. Rural WWD face mobility challenges and are largely discriminated against in health institutions and excluded from taking part in socioeconomic and political activities. Girls with disabilities in inclusive schools battle against a myriad of attitudinal, environmental and administrative hurdles that limit their academic and social functioning. The results confirm the feminist disability theory’s view that the functioning of WGWD is heavily determined by wider contextual, social, historic and gendered power relations. The findings support recommendations for an urgent alignment of liberal national disability instruments, policies and practices to international human rights norms. The 2013 Constitution effectuates a human rights approach to disability, yet in practice the exclusion of the disabled, rural, female ‘other’ continues unabated. Transformation in this regard must include a restructuring of financial resourcing of various state institutions for advancing disability rights. Various avenues to ensure for effective disability rights mainstreaming, lobbying, advocacy, awareness raising, and capacitation of rural communities are suggested. At the heart of it all is a change in mind-sets to embrace WWD as equal human beings with rights and dignity.
Izifundo zobulwelwe azikhange ziyithathele ngqalelo imeko namava abantu basetyhini abayimilwelwe behlala emaphandleni kumazwe asemaZantsi. Esi sifundo somgangatho sibhala ngemingeni ejongene nabasetyhini abayimilwelwe basemaphandleni eZimbabwe xa befuna ukuxhamla amalungelo nenkululeko eyimfanelo yabo yemveli. Ngokuqwalasela imizamo eliqela yehlabathi jikelele, yezithili neyesizwe ekuphuhliseni amalungelo abasetyhini abayimilwelwe, esi sifundo sivavanya amathuba otshintsho. Ngokusebenzisa uyilo lwezifundo ngokwenzekayo, kwaqokelelwa iinkcukacha zolwazi ngokuqhuba udliwano ndlebe olunzulu namakhosikazi namantomabazana ayimilwelwe, kwaqhutywa nodliwano ndlebe lwemibuzo engenampendulo zithe ngqo (semi structured interviews) nemibutho yoburhulumente nengeyoyoburhulumente esebenza ngamalungelo emilwelwe. Uphando olwalukhatshwa kukuzibonela nokufunda nzulu okubhaliweyo ngemigaqo nkqubo, lwaveza ukuba uninzi lwabasetyhini abayimilwelwe basemaphandleni alwazi nto ngamalungelo alo asemthethweni kwaye alufikeleli ngokwaneleyo kwimithombo eluncedo, ulwazi, imisebenzi, imfundo nokutya. Abasetyhini abayimilwelwe basemaphandleni bajamelene nemingeni yokungakwazi ukuhamba kwaye bayacalucalulwa kakhulu kumaziko ezempilo. Ababandakanywa ekuthatheni inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yezentlalo, uqoqosho nezombuso/upolitiko. Amantombazana ayimilwelwe asezikolweni zikawonkewonke asedabini nemiqobo emininzi yendlela acingelwa ngayo, indawo ewangqongileyo nolawulo, zinto ezo zikuthibazayo ukusebenza kwawo kwezemfundo nasekuhlaleni. Iziphumo zophando ziyangqinelana nengcingane yezifundo zabasetyhini ethi indlela yokwenza izinto yabasetyhini abayimilwelwe ilawulwa ikakhulu lunxulumano lweemeko ezigqubayo, ezentlalo, ezembali nezesini. Iziphumo zophando zixhasa iingcebiso ezithi makukhawuleziswe kwenziwe ungqamano phakathi kwezixhobo, imigaqo nkqubo nemisebenzi yobulwelwe esizweni nezimiselo zamalungelo oluntu kwihlabathi ngokubanzi. UMgaqo Siseko wama-2013 ubeka elubala indlela yokujongana nobulwelwe, kodwa kuyaqhubeka kona ukujongelwa phantsi kwemilwelwe, yabasemaphandleni, yabasetyhini. Inguqu kulo mbandela kufuneka iquke ukuyilwa ngokutsha kwenkxaso mali kumaziko oburhulumente ahlukeneyo ukwenzela ukuba kuqhutyelwe phambili amalungelo emilwelwe. Kucetyiswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuqinisekisa amalungelo emilwelwe njengokwenza iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo ezingundoqo, ngokuthethathethana nokuphembelela, ngokwazisa uluntu nokuxhobisa uluntu lwasemaphandleni. Esizikithini sako konke kufuneka utshintsho lwengqondo ukwenzela ukuba bamkelwe abasetyhini abayimilwelwe njengabantu abalingana nabanye benamalungelo nesidima.
Izifundo ezimayelana nokukhubazeka zivame ukunganaki noma ukungabi nandaba nokwenzeka kubantu besifazane abakhubazekile (ama-WWD) abahlala emaphandleni emazweni angakathuthuki ngokwanele (aseGlobal South). Lolu cwaningo olubheka kabanzi imininingwane engamaqiniso luqopha izingqinamba ezikhungethe abesifazane baseZimbabwe abakhubazekile abahlala emaphandleni ngenkathi bethokozela amalungelo abo asemqoka kanye nenkululeko yabo. Phezu kwemizamo eyahlukahlukene yezinga lomhlaba, lezifunda nelikazwelonke, yokuthuthukisa amalungelo abesifazane akhubazekile, lolu cwaningo lubheka amathuba akhona oguquko. Kwasetshenziswa uhlobo lokucwaninga olubheka okuthize ngokuhlola imibono yalabo abake baba sesimweni salokho okucwaningwa ngakho, ngokufaka imibuzo abesifazane kanye namantombazane akhubazekile, kanye nalabo abadlala indima kwezamalungelo abantu abakhubazekile abasebenzela umbuso nabangasebenzeli umbuso. Ngokufakazelwa kakhulu ngokubonakele kanye nokuhlaziywa kwemibhalo nenqubomgomo, imiphumela yocwaningo enohlonze iveze ukuthi iningi labesifazane abakhubazekile basemaphandleni abawazi amalungelo abo ezomthetho kanti futhi abafinyeleli ngokuphelele emithonjeni elusizo, kwimininingwane, kwimisebenzi, kwezemfundo kanye nasekudleni. Abesifazane abakhubazekile basemaphandleni babhekana nezingqinamba zokungakwazi ukuhamba kahle kanti futhi bayacwaswa ezikhungweni zezempilo, baphinde banganikwa ithuba lokubamba iqhaza kwezenhlalo-mnotho nezepolitiki. Amantombazane akhubazekile ezikoleni ezamukela zonke izinhlobo zabafundi babhekana nezimo eziningi eziyizingqinamba maqondana nendlela aphathwa ngayo, nesimo sendawo kanye nokwenziwa kwezinto okuba nomkhawulo ekwenzeni kwabo maqondana nezemfundo nezenhlalo. Imiphumela iqinisekisa umbono wenzululwazi elwela abesifazane abakhubazekile wokuthi ukusebenza kwabesifazane abakhubazekile, esikhathini esiningi, kuvame ukuvela ngenxa yengqikithi esabalele yobudlelwano bamandla maqondana nenhlalo, umlando kanye nobulili. Imiphumela yocwaningo yeseka izincomo zokuthi kumele kube khona ukulinganiswa okuphuthumayo kwempahla yokusebenza maqondana nokukhubazeka, izinqubomgomo kanye nezindlela zokusebenza ezingeni likazwelonke kanye nokuvamile ezingeni lomhlaba wonke kokuphathelene namalungelo abantu. UMthethosisekelo wonyaka we-2013 wenza kusebenze indlela yokubheka ukukhubazeka ngeso lamalungelo abantu, kodwa indlela okwenziwa ngayo iqhubeka kakhulu nokubandlulula abesifazane abakhubazekile basemaphandleni. Uguquko, maqondana nalokhu, kumele lufake ukuhlelwa kabusha kosizo lwezimali ezikhungweni ezahlukahlukene zombuso eziqhuba phambili amalungelo aba. Kuhlongozwa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuqinisekisa amalungelo abakhubazekile okufaka kukho ukufakwa kwemiphakathi yasemaphandleni ezinhlelweni, ukukhulumisana nayo ukuze ibambe iqhaza, ukuyilwela, ukwenza ukuba iqaphele okwenzekayo kanye nokuyinikeza amandla okwenza. Okuyiyona nto ebaluleke kakhulu, wuguquko ekucabangeni ukuze abesifazane abakhubazekile bathathwe njengabantu abalingana nabanye abanamalungelo nesithunzi.
Development Studies
D. Phil. (Development Studies)

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44

Mswela, Mphoeng Maureen. "A selection of legal issues relating to persons living with albinism". Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/21640.

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Despite the fact that albinism affects several South Africans, it is a condition that remains deeply misunderstood. Albinism is steeped in myth and false notions, and is perceived by many as a curse and contamination. For years, persons living with albinism have been treated with doubt and suspicion. Also in schools and in the wider community, children with albinism are subjected to violence and ridicule. In certain areas on the African continent, including Southern Africa, persons living with albinism are killed for the trade in body parts for use as sacramental medicines, or sexually assaulted as a result of the belief that raping them may offer a cure for HIV/AIDS. All of this highlights the extreme vulnerability of persons living with albinism, not to mention the many violations of their fundamental rights that follow from the manner in which they are treated. Within the social context that frames the experience of persons living with albinism, the primary purpose of this study is to highlight some of the pertinent challenges faced by persons living with albinism in South Africa which compromise the full enjoyment of their fundamental rights as enshrined in the South African Constitution. The thesis makes a number of practical recommendations that will assist in promoting the legal position of this vulnerable group, while also contributing to a better understanding of albinism in general which will ultimately change negative perceptions and debunk the myths surrounding the condition.
Jurisprudence
LL. D.

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Mokwatlo, Elizabeth Maboakae. "The evaluation of the implementation of HIV-AIDS policies at school level with particular focus on discrimination and stigma amongst educators". Diss., 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2085.

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Against the background of evidence that HIV-AIDS has had and continues to have an enormous impact on all South African schools, a need has arisen for HIV -AIDS policies and programmes to be effectively implemented in all schools. In this study, a qualitative methodology was used to evaluate policy implementation in the North West province. Data was gathered by means of field notes, observation and interviews with management and educators. The study found that although principals and educators are knowledgeable about HIV -AIDS, there is a tendency to discriminate against infected educators, particularly in terms of educator workload. This study also revealed that educators fear being accidentally exposed to HIV -AIDS infected blood, despite the guidelines given in the National HIV -AIDS policy and the availability of emergency first aid kits. The key thought emerging from this study is that not all schools are able to deal effectively with HIV -AIDS and that schools urgently need to plan or implement their own policies in this regard. School-based HIV-AIDS policies can only be successful if they take cognisance of local contextual issues and involve the three spheres of influence in the lives of educators and learners, namely, the sphere of the school, the sphere of family life and the sphere of the community.
Sociology
M.A.(Social and Behavioural Studies in HIV-AIDS)

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