Artigos de revistas: "Dioscore"

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Lindt, Aare, Lennart Lennuk e Jaan Viidalepp. "The genus Dioscore Warren, 1907: two new species and analysis of characters spread (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Geometrinae)". Journal of Insect Biodiversity 5, n.º 16 (4 de outubro de 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12976/jib/2017.5.16.

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The genus Dioscore Warren, 1907 is reviewed. Diagnostic characters are listed for the genus and species included, the male genitalia are described for the first time for seven species and the female genitalia for three species. Two new species are described from Papua Indonesia: Dioscore kirke Lindt, Lennuk & Viidalepp, sp. nov. and Dioscore vilu Lindt, Lennuk & Viidalepp, sp. nov. The genus with its ten species is endemic to New Guinea and nearby islands; its taxonomic affinities are discussed.

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Lucchesi, Enzo. "D’une Vie de Dioscore à une hymne en l’honneur de Dioscore". Analecta Bollandiana 128, n.º 1 (junho de 2010): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.abol.5.102052.

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Fournet, Jean-Luc. "L’«homérisme» à l’époque protobyzantine : l’exemple de Dioscore d’Aphrodité". Ktèma : civilisations de l'Orient, de la Grèce et de Rome antiques 20, n.º 1 (1995): 301–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ktema.1995.2148.

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Fournet, Jean-Luc. "Un nouvel épithalame de Dioscore d'Aphrodité adressé à un gouverneur civil de Thébaïde". Antiquité Tardive 6 (janeiro de 1998): 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.at.2.300875.

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Kamaruddin, Zatil Hazrati, S. M. Sapuan, Mohd Zuhri Mohamed Yusoff e Ridhwan Jumaidin. "Rapid detection and identification of dioscorine compounds in Dioscorea hispida tuber plants by LC-ESI-MS". BioResources 15, n.º 3 (17 de junho de 2020): 5999–6011. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.3.5999-6011.

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Studies have revealed that Dioscorea hispida tubers contain a poisonous substance called alkaloid dioscorine. The method for removing alkaloid dioscorine in Dioscorea hispida is explored in this research through a soaking process. The tubers were peeled, washed, sliced, and soaked for 5 days in either 1.0 M sodium chloride (NaCl) or distilled water. The aim of this study was to firstly identify the amount of toxic dioscorine remaining after soaking for 5 days, and then determine the best solution for removing dioscorine compounds in the tubers that were obtained from a tropical area in Peninsular Malaysia. The liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometric (LC-ESI-MS) systems were used to identify the presence of alkaloid dioscorine compounds within Dioscorea hispida tubers. The analysis showed that no dioscorine compounds were present in day 5 for samples soaked in the NaCl solution. However, the relative abundance in the distilled water solution at day 5 was 281000, indicating a 95% decrease of the relative abundance value of the dioscorine compounds. This work aimed to determine the minimum days needed to remove the poisonous element before Dioscorea hispida tubers could be used for food consumption or for any other applications.

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BOCHET, I. "Le statut de l'histoire de la philosophie selon la Lettre 118 d'Augustin à Dioscore". Revue d'Etudes Augustiniennes et Patristiques 44, n.º 1 (janeiro de 1998): 49–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.rea.5.104777.

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Fauzi, Mukhammad, e Nadillah Dyza Fisabilillah. "Karakteristik Fisik Dan Kimia Chips Umbi Gadung (Dioscore hispida Dennst) Hasil Lama Perendaman Pada Berbagai Debit Aliran Air". Jurnal Teknologi Pangan dan Hasil Pertanian 19, n.º 1 (27 de março de 2024): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.26623/jtphp.v19i1.7967.

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Masyarakat desa Sidomulyo kecamatan Silo Jember mengolah umbi gadung menjadi chips dengan perendaman biasa yang kurang efisien selama 5 hari. Perendaman dengan air mengalir sangat memungkinkan mempercepat proses pengolahan umbi gadung. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama perendaman dan debit aliran air terhadap karakteristik fisik. kimia termasuk kadar HCN chips umbi gadung. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan kelompok faktorial dengan 2 faktor, yaitu lama perendaman (24, 48 dan 72 jam) dan debit aliran air (0,05, 0,15 dan 0,25 L/jam/kg chips basah) yang diulang 3 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin lama perendaman dan tinggi debit aliran air menurunkan rendemen, daya kembang, kadar air, kadar abu chips gadung, sedangkan nilai kecerahan warna (L) meningkat. Kadar HCN chips kering semua perlakuan di bawah 50 ppm yang aman untuk dikonsumsi. Kadar HCN pada debit aliran air 0,05 L/jam/kg di jam 24, 48 dan 72 berturut-turut adalah 17,35 ppm, 15,34 ppm, dan 12,10 ppm. Kadar HCN pada debit aliran air 0,15 L/jam/kg di jam 24, 48 dan 72 berturut-turut adalah 15,33 ppm, 12,19 ppm, dan 9,98 ppm. Dan kadar HCN pada debit aliran air 0,25 L/jam/kg di jam 24, 48 dan 72 berturut-turut adalah 12,89 ppm, 10,29 ppm, dan 9,17 ppm.

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Otegbayo, Bolanle Omolara, Abiola Rebecca Tanimola, Julien Ricci e Olivier Gibert. "Thermal Properties and Dynamic Rheological Characterization of Dioscorea Starch Gels". Gels 10, n.º 1 (10 de janeiro de 2024): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels10010051.

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Yam (Dioscorea. sp.) is an edible starchy tuber with potential for being a commercial source of starch for industrial purposes, but yam starch is underutilized. The dynamic oscillatory and thermal properties of yam starches from sixteen varieties each of Dioscorea. rotundata, Dioscora. alata, Dioscorea. bulbifera and one variety of Dioscorea. dumetorum from Nigeria were studied to determine their potential for industrial utilization. The storage modulus, loss modulus, damping factor and complex viscosity as a function of frequency (ω) of the dioscorea gels, as well as the onset temperature (To), peak gelatinization temperature (Tp), end of gelatinization (TC), and gelatinization enthalpy of the starches were determined by standard procedures. Results showed that all the dioscorea starches showed a typical elastic behavior with the magnitude of G′ greater than G″ while tan δ < 1 in all varieties. Thus, the starch gels were more elastic than viscous. All the starch gels exhibited shear thinning characteristics and showed frequency (ω) independence characteristics of weak gels. D. rotundata varieties had the lowest ∆Hgel, while D. bulbifera varieties had the highest. The diversity of the visco-elastic and thermal properties of the yam starch gels from different varieties and species can be an advantage in their utilization in both food and non-food industries.

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Sari, Putri Meutia, Hesti Meilina e Cut Meurah Rosnelyi. "Optimasi Sintesa Dekstrin dari Umbi Janeng (Dioscore hispida Dennest) dengan Katalis Asam Nitrat (HNO3) Menggunakan Metode Permukaan Respon (RSM)". Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pertanian Indonesia 8, n.º 2 (1 de outubro de 2016): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/jtipi.v8i2.5376.

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Umbi Janeng (DioscoreaÂ hispidaÂ Dennst) dapat digunakan sebagai bahan dasar pati dalam pembuatan dekstrin. Dekstrin merupakan produk degradasi pati secara hidrolisis dengan mengunakan asam ataupun enzim. Pembuatan dekstrin dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa cara salah satunya hidrolisa pati secara kering dengan menggunakan katalis asam. Asam yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu HNO3.Â Penelitian bertujuan unutkmengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi HNO3 , waktu hidrolisis dan ukuran partikel terhadap kadar dekstrin yang dihasilkan.Â Rancangan penelitian menggunakan Central Composite Design (CCD) tiga faktor peubah yaitu konsentrasi HNO3 , waktu hidrolisis dan ukuran partikel. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi HNO3, waktu hidrolisis dan ukuran partikel berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kadar dekstrin. Kadar dekstrin tertinggi diperoleh pada konsentrasi HNO3 1,5N, waktu hidrolisis 40 menit dan ukuran partikel 100 mesh yaitu sebesar 6,48%.

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Berndt, Reinhard. "Cerotelium dioscoreae, a new rust fungus on Dioscorea". Mycological Research 101, n.º 3 (março de 1997): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953756296002535.

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Leete, Edward, e Robert H. Michelson. "Biosynthesis of dioscorine from trigonelline in Dioscorea hispida". Phytochemistry 27, n.º 12 (janeiro de 1988): 3793–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)83019-x.

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Jamaludin, Nuraini Nafisah, Wan Mazlina Md Saad, Nur Faradila Md Jamil, Aliah Mokhtar e Hussin Muhammad. "Pharmacological Activities of Dioscorea spp.: A Narrative Review". ASM Science Journal 18 (13 de dezembro de 2023): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2023.978.

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Pharmacological research has become essential for the development of nature-based drugs to support the claimed therapeutic properties of medicinal plants. Dioscorea species are medicinal plants found to have an impressive pharmacological profile. This review aims to compile the pharmacological properties of three Dioscorea species, D. hispida, D. alata and D. bulbifera and their derived compounds through scientific findings, mainly focusing on the biological activities. Relevant clinical and preclinical studies on the pharmacological properties of these plants were identified, screened, and analysed. A systematic search using predetermined keywords on electronic databases (Scopus, Springer and ScienceDirect) was conducted. This review found these Dioscorea species to possess various pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, antihypertensive and estrogenic effects. The plant tubers contain active compounds such as diosgenin that is responsible for anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activities in D. alata and D. bulbifera, respectively. Other compounds like dioscorine, phenolic, flavonoid and terpenoid elucidated from the yam tubers were found to be antimicrobial and showed prominent free radical scavenging effects. The plants demonstrated various pharmacological activities although data on their mechanisms of action is very limited. Therefore, further research is needed to explore the full potential of these plants as future therapeutic medicines.

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Nagai, Takeshi, e Toshio Nagashima. "Functional Properties of Dioscorin, a Soluble Viscous Protein from Japanese Yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) Tuber Mucilage Tororo". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 61, n.º 11-12 (1 de dezembro de 2006): 792–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2006-11-1204.

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Abstract A soluble viscous protein was purified from yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) tuber mucilage tororo by chromatographic steps, and its functional properties were estimated. The purified dioscorin having the molecular weight of about 200 kDa exhibited high scavenging activities against hydroxyl radicals (IC50 = 195.1 μg/ml) and superoxide anion radicals (IC50 = 92.7 μg/ml). Moreover, it showed extremely high angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity (IC50 = 41.1 μg/ml). The results suggested that yam D. opposita tuber has a wide spectrum of strong antioxidative and antihypertensive activities and it could be utilized as a source of natural antioxidant.

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Acar, Tessa, Sandra Moreau, Marie-Françoise Jardinaud, Gabriella Houdinet, Felicia Maviane-Macia, Frédéric De Meyer, Bart Hoste et al. "The association between Dioscorea sansibarensis and Orrella dioscoreae as a model for hereditary leaf symbiosis". PLOS ONE 19, n.º 4 (22 de abril de 2024): e0302377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0302377.

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Hereditary, or vertically-transmitted, symbioses affect a large number of animal species and some plants. The precise mechanisms underlying transmission of functions of these associations are often difficult to describe, due to the difficulty in separating the symbiotic partners. This is especially the case for plant-bacteria hereditary symbioses, which lack experimentally tractable model systems. Here, we demonstrate the potential of the leaf symbiosis between the wild yam Dioscorea sansibarensis and the bacterium Orrella dioscoreae (O. dioscoreae) as a model system for hereditary symbiosis. O. dioscoreae is easy to grow and genetically manipulate, which is unusual for hereditary symbionts. These properties allowed us to design an effective antimicrobial treatment to rid plants of bacteria and generate whole aposymbiotic plants, which can later be re-inoculated with bacterial cultures. Aposymbiotic plants did not differ morphologically from symbiotic plants and the leaf forerunner tip containing the symbiotic glands formed normally even in the absence of bacteria, but microscopic differences between symbiotic and aposymbiotic glands highlight the influence of bacteria on the development of trichomes and secretion of mucilage. This is to our knowledge the first leaf symbiosis where both host and symbiont can be grown separately and where the symbiont can be genetically altered and reintroduced to the host.

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Saleha, Sitti, Nurdin Saidi, Saiful ., Murniana ., Saida Rasnovi e Teuku M. Iqbalsyah. "NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION OF DIOSCOREA HISPIDA FROM DIFFERENT LOCATIONS AROUND LEUSER ECOSYSTEM AREA". Jurnal Natural 18, n.º 1 (1 de fevereiro de 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jn.v18i1.8504.

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Proximate analysis of Dioscorea hispida tubers, collected from five locations around Leuser ecosystem in Aceh Province, showed variations amongst samples. Standard AOAC method for proximate analysis of the fresh weight showed that the water content varied between 15.8 - 37.8%, crude protein 1.13 -6.20%, crude lipid 1.99 - 9.36% and ash 0.29 - 1.24%. The total carbohydrate was high, i.e. between 58.3 -71.9%. The main mineral was phosphorus, with a value of 11.7 - 46.9 mg/100g. These variations could be due to soil, climate and weather factors, as well as postharvest handling. Phytochemical tests showed that all of the samples contained alkaloids and terpenoids. One of the samples (LP) also contained phenol and steroid. The high cyanide content in the tubers (379 - 739 ppm) was easily removed by repeated washing. The cyanide level dropped significantly after the 3rd wash. Information on nutritional content in D. hispida is essential for planning its utilization. Increasing the economic value of D. hispida is expected to attract people around the Leuser ecosystem to cultivate and utilize it, thereby reducing illegal forest encroachment.Keywords: Dioscorea hispida, proximate, Leuser, janeng, gadung, starchREFERENCESBarton H 2014 Yams: Origins and Development, Encyclopaedia of Global Archaeology, p 7943-7947, (Springer. DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2193).Obidiegwu J E and Akpabio E M 2017 The Geography of Yam Cultivation in Southern Nigeria: Exploring Its Social Meanings and Cultural Functions J. Ethnic Foods 4 28-35.Chandrasekara A and Kumar T J 2016 Roots and Tuber Crops as Functional Foods: A Review on Phytochemical Constituents and Their Potential Health Benefits Intl. J. Food Sci. 2016 1-15.Kumar S, Das G, Shin H-S and Patra J K 2017 Dioscorea spp. (A Wild Edible Tuber): A Study on Its Ethnopharmacological Potential and Traditional Use by the Local People of Similipal Biosphere Reserve India Front. Pharmacol. 8 52.Lin J Y, Lu S, Liou Y L and Liou H L 2006a Antioxidant and Hypolipidaemic Effects of a Novel Yam–boxthorn Noodle in an In Vivo Murine Model Food Chem. 94 377–384.Lin J Y, Lu S, Liou Y L and Liou H L, 2006b, Increased IgA and IgG Serum Levels Using a Novel Yam–boxthorn Noodle in a BALB/c Mouse Model Food Chem. Toxicol. 44 170–178.Bhandari M R and Kawabata J 2004 Organic Acid, Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Wild Yam (Dioscorea spp.) Tubers of Nepal Food Chem. 88 163–168.Lin J T and Yang D J 2008 Determination of Steroidal Saponins in Different Organs of Yam (Dioscorea pseudojaponica Yamamoto) Food Chem. 108 1068–1074.AOAC 1984. Official Methods of Analysis. Washington DC: Association of Official Analytical Chemists.Harborne J B 1984 Phytochemical Method 2nd ed. (London: Chapman and Hall Ltd.)Bhandari M R, Kasai T and Kawabata J 2003 Nutritional Evaluation of Wild Yam (Dioscorea spp.) Tubers of Nepal Food Chem. 82 619–623.Adepoju O T, Boyejo O and Adeniji P O 2017 Nutrient and Antinutrient Composition of Yellow Yam (Dioscorea cayenensis) Products Data in Brief 11 428–431.Wu Z-G, Jiang W, Nitin M, Bao X-Q, Chen S-L and Tao Z-M 2016 Characterizing Diversity Based on Nutritional and Bioactive Compositions of Yam Germplasm (Dioscorea spp.) Commonly Cultivated in China J. Food Drug Anal. 24 367 – 375.Udensi E A, Osebele H O and Iweala O O 2008 The Investigation of Chemical Composition and Functional Properties of Water Yam (Dioscorea alata): Effect of Varietal Differences Pakistan J. Nutrition 7(2) 342-344.Hornick S B 1992 Factors Affecting the Nutritional Quality of Crops Am. J. Altern. Agric. 7 (Special Issue on Soil Quality) 63-68.Lewicki P P 2004 Water as the Determinant of Food Engineering Properties, A Review J. Food Eng. 61 483–495Yeh A-I, Chan T-Y and Chuang G C-C 2009 Effect of Water Content and Mucilage on Physico-chemical Characteristics of Yam (Discorea alata Purpurea) Starch J. Food Eng. 95 106–114.McPherson E and Jane J 1999 Comparison of Waxy Potato with Other Root And Tuber Starches Carbohydr. Polym. 40 57–70.Freitas R A, Paula R C, Feitosa J P A, Rocha S and Sierakowski M R 2004 Amylose Contents, Rheological Properties and Gelatinization Kinetics of Yam (Dioscorea alata) and cassava (Manihot utilissima) starches Carbohydr. Polym. 55 3–8.Barsby T L, Donald A M, Frazier P J, Donald A M, Perry P A and Waigh T A 2001 The Impact of Internal Granule Structure on Processing and Properties in Starch: Advances in Structure and Function p 45-52 (Royal Society of Chemistry, http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781847551917-00045)Tattiyakul J, Naksriarporn T and Pradipasena P 2012 X-ray Diffraction Pattern and Functional Properties of Dioscorea hispida Dennst Starch Hydrothermally Modified at Different Temperatures Food Bioproc. Technol. 5 964–971.Savikin-Fodulovic K, Grubisic D, Culafic L, Menkovic N and Ristic M 1998 Diosgenin and Phytosterols Content in Five Callus Lines of Dioscorea balcanica Plant Sci. 135 63–67.Cushnie T. P. T, Cushnie B and Lamb A J 2014 Alkaloids: An Overview of Their Antibacterial, Antibiotic-enhancing and Antivirulence Activities Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 44 (5) 377-386.Tholl D 2015 Biosynthesis and Biological Functions of Terpenoids in Plants, Biotechnology of Isoprenoids p 63-106 Part of the Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology book series (ABE, volume 148).Nagata K, Aistrup G L, Honda H, Shono T and Narahashi T 1999 Modulation of the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor by Dioscorine in Clonal Rat Phaeochlomocytoma (PC12) Cells Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 64 (3) 157–165.Bhandari M R and Kawabata J 2005 Bitterness and Toxicity in Wild Yam (Dioscorea spp.) Tubers of Nepal Plant Foods Hum. Nutr. 60 129–135, 2005.White W L B , Arias-Garzon D I, McMahon J M and Sayre R 1998 Cyanogenesis in Cassava: The Role of Hydroxynitrile Lyase in Root Cyanide Production Plant Physiol. 116 1219-25.Kumoro A C and Hartati I. 2015 Microwave Assisted Extraction of Dioscorin from Gadung (Dioscorea hispida Dennst) Tuber Flour, Procedia Chem. 14 47 – 55.

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Marina Silalahi, Sunarto, Teresa Riwana Marnala Munthe e Debora Pardosi. "Diversity of alternative food plants traded in the Kranggan Mas Traditional Market, Bekasi District, West Java Province, Indonesia". GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 17, n.º 2 (30 de novembro de 2021): 049–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2021.17.2.0329.

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The market is the main place for buying and selling alternative food plants and its rich in local wisdom. This study aims to explain the diversity of alternative food plant that are traded in the traditional market of Kranggan Mas, Bekasi District and their potential as healthy food ingredients. The research was conducted with an ethnobotanical approach with surveys, interviews and participations observation. The respondents were all traders who traded alternative food plants. The data was qualitative analysis includes grouping plants based on benefits, families, and parts used. A total of 12 species belonging10 genera and 8 families of plants as alternative food are traded in the Kranggan Mas traditional market. A total of 7 species of food are available every day and 4 species are available seasonally. The part of used are tuber (82%) and fruits (18%). Dioscorea alata and Artocarpus altilis are foodstuff ingredients that are still very potential to be developed and cultivated because both species are easy to find in the surrounding environment and its uses as shade and living fence. The Dioscorea alata has compounds dioscorine which has activity to reduce hypertension, so that its recommended for postmenopausal women.

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Makiyah, Sri Nabawiyati Nurul, Sherly Usman e Ahmad Hafidul Ahkam. "Molecular Docking Investigation of Dioscorea alata Compounds Binding to CCKBR, CHRM3, CHRM5, and H2R for Gastric Ulcer Treatment". Trends in Sciences 21, n.º 5 (10 de março de 2023): 7358. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2024.7358.

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Gastric ulcer is a pathological condition characterized by damage to the mucosal and submucosal tissue layers of the stomach. The main proteins targeted in the treatment of gastric ulcers are CCKBR, CHRM3, CHRM5, and H2R because of their roles in the regulation of gastric acid secretion. Dioscorea alata (DA) is known to contain various active compounds with high sapogenin, diosgenin, and dioscorin content, in addition to its carbohydrate content. We investigated the potential of DA compounds to bind to these proteins in silico. Compound and protein structures were retrieved from PubChem (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov), ChemSpider (http://www.chemspider.com), and the RCSB PDB (https://rcsb.org). Proteins and compounds are prepared first, and then docked to obtain the interactions that might form, and finally visualized to observe the interactions that have been constructed. The results showed that diosgenin and prosapogenin have potential as inhibitors of CCKBR and CHRM5, and diosgenin and dimethyl batatasin IV have potential as inhibitors of CHRM3 and H2R. We conclude that diosgenin, prosapogenin, and dimethyl batatasin IV in DA compounds have the potential to inhibit CCKBR, CHRM3, CHRM5, and H2R for gastric ulcer treatment. It is necessary to further study the effect of Dioscorea alata in vitro through a gastric ulcer model study. HIGHLIGHTS Dioscorea alata (DA) is known to contain various active compounds with high sapogenin, diosgenin, and dioscorin content in addition to its carbohydrate content Gastritis (gastric ulcer) is a pathological condition characterized by damage to the mucosal and sub-mucosal tissue layers of the stomach. The main proteins targeted in the treatment of gastric ulcers are CCKBR, CHRM3, CHRM5, and H2R because of their roles in the regulation of gastric acid secretion We performed an in-silico study to investigate the potential of DA compounds to inhibit these proteins. Compound and protein structures were retrieved from PubChem, ChemSpider, and the RCSB PDB. Proteins were prepared with Swiss PDB viewer v. 4.10. Compounds were prepared with Open Babel in Cytoscape v.3.9.1. Docking was done with AutoDock Vina in PyRx v.0.9.7. Visualization was done with Discovery Studio v. 19.1 We determined that several DA compounds have the potential to act as inhibitors of CCKBR, CHRM3, CHRM5, and H2R by reviewing the predicted binding energy, competitive properties based on literature studies and the bioactivity and molecular docking analysis. The results of this study are expected to be the basis for further gastric ulcer treatment research GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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Hou, Wen-Chi, Mei-Hsien Lee, Hsien-Jung Chen, Wen-Lee Liang, Chuan-Hsiao Han, Yen-Wenn Liu e Yaw-Huei Lin. "Antioxidant Activities of Dioscorin, the Storage Protein of Yam (Dioscorea batatasDecne) Tuber". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 49, n.º 10 (outubro de 2001): 4956–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf010606m.

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Kumoro, Andri Cahyo, e Indah Hartati. "Microwave Assisted Extraction of Dioscorin from Gadung (Dioscorea Hispida Dennst) Tuber Flour". Procedia Chemistry 14 (2015): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proche.2015.03.009.

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Mustarsidin, Muhammad, Syachruddin AR e Ahmad Raksun. "Effect of Gadung Tuber Extract (Dioscorea hispida) on Mortality of Caterpillars (Spodoptera exigua) in Shallots (Allium cepa) in East Lombok". Jurnal Biologi Tropis 20, n.º 3 (13 de janeiro de 2021): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v20i3.2356.

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Plants that can be used as pesticides are Gadung tubers. Gadung tubers contain cyanide acid to kill armyworm pests because they contain dioscorin toxins which can cause nervous disorders. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Gadung tuber extract (Dioscorea hispida) on Caterpillar mortality (Spodoptera exigua) in Shallot plants. This type of research is experimental research. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD). The sample used was 5 caterpillars (Spodoptera exigua) in each polybag with 5 repetitions for each concentration of Gadung tuber extract, namely 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 2.5%, so the total Caterpillar used was 150 Caterpillars. Gadung tuber extraction was carried out by maceration method with methanol solvent. Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance at the 95% significance level, followed by DMRT (Duncans Multiple Range Test). The results showed that the Gadung tuber extract had a significant effect on the mortality of caterpillars (Spodoptera exigua) because the F count was greater than the F table (45.40>2.62), and the DMRT test results showed that the optimal concentration of Gadung tuber extract was 2.5%. Therefore, it can be concluded that the extract of Gadung tuber (Dioscorea hispida) affects the mortality of Caterpillars (Spodoptera exigua) in Shallots (Allium cepa).

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Osuagwu, Chidi. "Forest West African Indigenous Diet and Modernization Diseases". Functional Foods in Health and Disease 9, n.º 12 (31 de dezembro de 2019): 772. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v9i12.673.

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This review paper notes that the nutritional essence of an indigenous people’s diet can, broadly, be outlined in terms of their food-inherent bioactive chemical functions. Two food crops; Yam (Dioscorea spp.) and the Oil-palm (Elaeis guineensis), define Forest West Africa, agriculturally, as Yam or Palm belt. They can also be said to, broadly, define the diet of the region, which staple base they constitute, as the Yampalm Diet type. Some unique, bioactive, chemical functions of yam identified include; dioscorin, lipoic acid, potassium, biotin and, thiocyanate, while those of oil-palm include; tocotrienols, carotenoids, retinoids and lauric acid. These alkalizing food functions are, in theory, complementary to the acidic tropical physiology of Forest West Africans. Fed on other than the Yampalm diet, Forest West Africans have been demonstrated to be highly susceptible to metabolic syndrome due to adopted alien diets. Examples are lactose intolerance from milk and inflammation reaction to wheat gluten. Some food functions of Yampalm diet; dioscorin in yam and tocotrienol from oil-palm, as examples, are efficacious in metabolic syndrome management. They are potential ‘Gene-adapted food-function supplements’ for emigrants from this area who adopt alien diets. Experiments have shown that restoration of the Forest West African diet ameliorates metabolic syndrome among the people, including their Diaspora in America. Restoration of, genetically or epigenetically, adapted indigenous diet among peoples recommends itself as part of management strategy for modernization diseases.Key terms: Yampalm diet, food function, dioscorin, tocotrienol, alien diet, lactose intolerance, metabolic syndrome, epigenetic adaptation.

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Wang, Zhikuan, Jiewei Tian, Xiaoguang Li, Longzhan Gan, Linling He, Yiwen Chu e Yongqiang Tian. "Streptomyces dioscori sp. nov., a Novel Endophytic Actinobacterium Isolated from Bulbil of Dioscorea bulbifera L." Current Microbiology 75, n.º 10 (26 de junho de 2018): 1384–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00284-018-1534-9.

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Xue, You-Lin, Takuya Miyakawa, Yoriko Sawano e Masaru Tanokura. "Cloning of genes and enzymatic characterizations of novel dioscorin isoforms from Dioscorea japonica". Plant Science 183 (fevereiro de 2012): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.10.021.

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Renate, Dharia. "Gadung Tuber (Dioscoreae Hispida Dennst) As Potential Source Of Staple Food Supporting Food Diversification". Indonesian Food Science and Technology Journal 1, n.º 1 (17 de maio de 2018): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/ifstj.v1i1.4267.

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Gadung tuber (Dioscoreae hispida Dennt), Indonesian called “umbi gadung”, is one of the potential sources of staple foods in supporting food diversification. Gadung tuber contains carbohydrateof 29.7g in every 100 g of material. It also contains 3.2 g of protein, vitamin C, vitamin B and other minerals. The purpose of this paper is to present how to eliminate dioscorine and cyanide acid and to process some food diversification of gadung tubers. The innovation technology of post-harvest handling to eliminate dioscorine and cyanide acid content can be done by immersing and washing them in salt water or blanching. Gadung tubers of 2 mm slice immersed in salt water of 8% and 7.5% decrease cyanide acid content of 5.45 ppm; while shreded gadung tubers immerse in salt water of 7.5% for 72 hours can reduce cyanide acid content of 18.75 ppm. Gadung tubers can be processed to be stapple food such as flour, flake. Flour of gadung tubers combined with wheat flour or starch can be processed to become snack food such as cake, sponge cakes. Research conclude that gadung tubers is safety forconsumption by immersing in salt solution of 7.5% to 8% for 72 hours to eliminate dioscorine and cyanide acid content. Combination of 60% and 50% of gadung flour can be used to make good cake and sponge cake.

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Movellán Luis, Mireia. "La leyenda troyana en la Antigüedad Tardía. Una aproximación a los poemas de Dioscoro de Afrodito = The Trojan Legend in Late Antiquity. An Approach to the Poetry of Dioscorus of Aphrodito". Espacio Tiempo y Forma. Serie II, Historia Antigua, n.º 30 (3 de dezembro de 2017): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/etfii.30.2017.19869.

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La leyenda troyana se configura como relato literario a lo largo de la Antigüedad expandiendo y modificando los diferentes episodios que la componen. El estudio de la utilización de la leyenda en los poemas conservados del puño y letra de Dioscoro de Afrodito, autor del siglo VI, nos permiten aproximarnos a la evolución y configuración del canon troyano, así como a las obras clásicas todavía disponibles en su época y al resto de fuentes que le sirvieron como modelo para sus composiciones.The Trojan legend becomes a literary narrative throughout Antiquity expanding and modifying its different episodes. The study of this legend in Dioscorus of Aphrodito’s autograph poems (from 6th century BC), allows us to grasp the evolution and configuration of the Trojan canon, the classical works still available in his time, and other sources used as a model for his compositions.

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Ouyabe, Michel, Naoto Tanaka, Yuh Shiwa, Nobuyuki Fujita, Hidehiko Kikuno, Pachakkil Babil e Hironobu Shiwachi. "Rhizobium dioscoreae sp. nov., a plant growth-promoting bacterium isolated from yam (Dioscorea species)". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70, n.º 9 (1 de setembro de 2020): 5054–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004381.

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This study investigated endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolated from two species of yam (water yam, Dioscorea alata L.; lesser yam, Dioscorea esculenta L.) grown in nutrient-poor alkaline soil conditions on Miyako Island, Okinawa, Japan. Two bacterial strains of the genus Rhizobium , S-93T and S-62, were isolated. The phylogenetic tree, based on the almost-complete 16S rRNA gene sequences (1476 bp for each strain), placed them in a distinct clade, with Rhizobium miluonense CCBAU 41251T, Rhizobium hainanense I66T, Rhizobium multihospitium HAMBI 2975T, Rhizobium freirei PRF 81T and Rhizobium tropici CIAT 899T being their closest species. Their bacterial fatty acid profile, with major components of C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c and summed feature 8, as well as other phenotypic characteristics and DNA G+C content (59.65 mol%) indicated that the novel strains belong to the genus Rhizobium . Pairwise average nucleotide identity analyses separated the novel strains from their most closely related species with similarity values of 90.5, 88.9, 88.5, 84.5 and 84.4 % for R. multihospitium HAMBI 2975T, R. tropici CIAT 899T, R. hainanense CCBAU 57015T, R. miluonense HAMBI 2971T and R. freirei PRF 81T, respectively; digital DNA–DNA hybridization values were in the range of 26–42 %. Considering the phenotypic characteristics as well as the genomic data, it is suggested that strains S-93T and S-62 represent a new species, for which the name Rhizobium dioscoreae is proposed. The type strain is S-93T (=NRIC 0988T=NBRC 114257T=DSM 110498T).

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Sharma, Shruti, Ravi Gupta e Renu Deswal. "Dioscorea alata tuber proteome analysis shows over thirty dioscorin isoforms and novel tuber proteins". Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 114 (maio de 2017): 128–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.03.001.

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Velázquez-Hernández, Jocelyn Maira, Noe Durán-Puga, José Ariel Ruíz-Corral, Diego R. González-Eguiarte, Fernando Santacruz-Ruvalcaba e Agustín Gallegos-Rodríguez. "Distribución geográfica y usos de especies del género Dioscorea". e-CUCBA 10, n.º 19 (22 de dezembro de 2022): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32870/ecucba.vi19.273.

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Species of the genus Dioscorea are widely distributed throughout the world. It is a resource used in different countries because theyproduce tubers that offer numerous benefits for human health due to their diosgenin content, a compound that is used as: anti-inflammatory, androgenic, estrogenic and in the preparation of contraceptive drugs; It is also mentioned that these compounds havecytotoxic, antitumor, antifungal, immunoregulatory, hypoglycemic and cardiovascular properties, they are also used for theprevention and treatment of degenerative diseases. Species such as Dioscorea bulbifera, Dioscorea cayenensis, Dioscorea colletii,Dioscorea deltoidea, Dioscorea futschauensis, Dioscorea nipponica, Dioscorea panthaica, Dioscorea parviflora, Dioscoreapolygonoides, Dioscorea pseudojaponica, Dioscorea spongiosa, Dioscorea villosa, Dioscorea composita, Dioscorea zingiberensis,produce a higher concentration of diosgenin. The tubers and roots of this group are part of the oldest foods consumed by humans,given their high nutritional, ecological and economic level. In many tropical countries, the use of various tubers and roots of thegenus Dioscorea play a very important role as a main source of energy and essential nutrients at low cost, they are also used asfodder for livestock and a source of income. This plant are rich in starch, vitamins, minerals and lipids, and have the potential tofight hunger in third world countries. Currently there is little or no knowledge in Mexico on how to cultivate these species.

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Mojiono, Mojiono, Mia Dewi Surya Ajiid, Sri Wulandari, Feti Apriliyanti, Fajar Alamsyah e Hamzah Fansuri. "Profil Umbi Uwi (Dioscorea alata) dan Potensi Aplikasi Pada Beragam Produk Pangan: Review". JURNAL AGROSAINS : Karya Kreatif dan Inovatif 7, n.º 1 (21 de julho de 2022): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31102/agrosains.2022.7.1.36-41.

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Tujuan dari artikel ini yaitu untuk mengetahui profil dari umbi uwi dan potensi aplikasinya pada produk pangan. Uwi (Dioscorea alata) merupakan tanaman umbi-umbian dengan bentuk batang bulat, daun tunggal berbentuk jantung dengan memiliki rambut akar yang pendek dan kasar. Warna dari daging umbi uwi yaitu berwarna putih dan ungu, teksturnya keras dan sangat bergetah. Kandungan karbohidrat dari umbi uwi tergolong tinggi yaitu berkisar 72,6-80,2% dari berat keringnya. Selain mengandung karbohidrat, umbi uwi juga mengandung komponen bioaktif seperti dioscin, dioscorin, allantoin, choline, polifenol, dan diosgenin. Bentuk granula umbi uwi rata-rata berbentuk oval, segitiga, bulat dan poligonal dengan ukuran 10-41,5 mm. Komposisi kimia dari umbi uwi yang tertinggi yaitu kandungan air dan pati. Pati uwi dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi berbagai produk olahan seperti mie instan, beras analog dan es krim. Kandungan indeks glikemik yang rendah menjadikan mie instan dari umbi uwi menjadi unggul dibandingkan dengan jenis mie instan lainnya. Selain itu, umbi uwi juga dapat diolah menjadi beras analog dengan kandungan karbohidrat yang cukup tinggi.

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De Meyer, Frédéric, Bram Danneels, Tessa Acar, Rado Rasolomampianina, Mamy Tiana Rajaonah, Vololoniaina Jeannoda e Aurelien Carlier. "Adaptations and evolution of a heritable leaf nodule symbiosis between Dioscorea sansibarensis and Orrella dioscoreae". ISME Journal 13, n.º 7 (15 de março de 2019): 1831–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41396-019-0398-8.

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Leete, Edward, e Robert H. Michelson. "The biosynthetic incorporation of [methyl-14C,6-2H,3H]trigonelline into dioscorine in Dioscorea hispida". Journal of the American Chemical Society 109, n.º 20 (setembro de 1987): 6179–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00254a046.

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Fu, Shu-Ling, Ya-Hui Hsu, Pei-Yeh Lee, Wen-Chi Hou, Ling-Chien Hung, Chao-Hsiung Lin, Chiu-Ming Chen e Yu-Jing Huang. "Dioscorin isolated from Dioscorea alata activates TLR4-signaling pathways and induces cytokine expression in macrophages". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 339, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2006): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.11.005.

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Pertiwa, Susy Ika, J. Jumari e Erry Wiryani. "Karakterisasi Uwi-Uwian (Dioscorea spp) Dari Banjarnegara Berdasarkan Penanda Morfologi". Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 20, n.º 2 (27 de janeiro de 2018): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/bioma.20.2.92-99.

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The diversity of Dioscorea spp. both inter-species and intra-species are spreaded in several areas in Central Java, including Banjarnegara. Dioscorea is a plant that has the potentials to be developed and cultivated. The purposes of this reasearch are to identify the species, characterize the morphological characters (stem, leaf, and tuber) of eight varians Dioscorea spp from Banjarnegara. The sample used in this reasearch are the eight varians of Dioscorea spp from Banjarnegara. The Identification was done by using a identification keys. Characterization of morphological characters was done by using the guidebook of Descriptor for Yam. The results showed that eight cultivars of Dioscorea spp are grouped into two types: Dioscorea alata and Dioscorea esculenta. Dioscorea alata has a stem which rotate the to the right, rectangular shaped of stem, it’s has wing and doesn’t have a spin, elongated heart-shaped leaves, oval-oblong and round shaped tuber. Dioscorea esculenta has a stem which rotate to the left, rounded shaped of stem, it has not wing but spiked, dilated heart-shaped leaf, and oval shape tuber. Keywords: Dioscorea spp, identifikasi, characteristic, morphology,

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Hamon, Perla, Jean-Paul Brizard, Jeanne Zoundjihékpon, Christophe Duperray e Alain Borgel. "Étude des index d'ADN de huit espèces d'ignames (Dioscorea sp.) par cytométrie en flux". Canadian Journal of Botany 70, n.º 5 (1 de maio de 1992): 996–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b92-123.

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Nine species (wild and cultivated) and some interspecific (wild × cultivated) hybrids were analysed by flow cytometry. This study confirms various polyploidy levels within cultivated species. DNA index varied by a factor of 1 to 3 for Dioscorea alata, 1 to 2.25 for Dioscorea bulbifera, and 1 to 2 for Dioscorea cayenensis-rotundata, depending on the clone or cultivar considered. In wild species, only one DNA index per species was obtained. Whenever a relationship between DNA index and chromosome number could be established, the size of genome 1C was evaluated in picograms and base pairs. Two genome sizes were observed: genome A in D. cayenensis-rotundata, Dioscorea abyssinica, Dioscorea mangenotiana, and Dioscorea praehensilis and genome B in Dioscorea togoensis. These genomes were small sizes, only 1.5 to 2.1 times larger than that of Arabidopsis. Key words: yams, Dioscorea, flow cytometry, DNA index, genome size.

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Ramser, Juliane, Kurt Weising, Ryohei Terauchi, Günter Kahl, Cristina Lopez-Peralta e Werner Terhalle. "Molecular marker based taxonomy and phylogeny of Guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata – D. cayenensis)". Genome 40, n.º 6 (1 de dezembro de 1997): 903–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g97-117.

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Four different molecular techniques were used to assess relationships among 21 accessions of Guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata and Dioscorea cayenensis) and 21 accessions belonging to seven putative progenitor species. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and microsatellite-primed PCR (MP-PCR) analysis yielded 246 informative characters that were transformed into a matrix of pairwise distances and analyzed by neighbor joining or split decomposition. Both methods gave congruent results. Well-separated groups were formed that corresponded to their species designation. Dioscorea rotundata and D. cayenensis accessions were clearly separated from each other, supporting the concept that both are distinct species. Two morphological intermediates grouped together with D. rotundata. All investigated species fell into two main clusters, one comprising D. rotundata, D. cayenensis, Dioscorea abyssinica, Dioscorea liebrechtsiana, and Dioscorea praehensilis, the other comprising Dioscorea smilacifolia, Dioscorea minutiflora, Dioscorea burkilliana, and Dioscorea togoensis. The same grouping was also obtained by comparative sequence analysis of chloroplast DNA, which supports earlier studies of nuclear rDNA variation and chloroplast restriction fragment length polymorphisms. We also analyzed the same set of Dioscorea samples with the recently developed random amplified microsatellite polymorphism (RAMPO) technique. A series of diagnostic RAMPO bands was identified that clearly distinguished between D. rotundata and D. cayenensis. Some of these bands could also be traced back to the putative progenitors of both species. The evolutionary origin of Guinea yam is discussed in light of the present results.Key words: random amplified polymorphic DNA, RAPD, random amplified microsatellite polymorphisms, RAMPO, chloroplast DNA, genetic relatedness.

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Liu, Yen-Wenn, Huey-Fang Shang, Chung-Kwe Wang, Feng-Lin Hsu e Wen-Chi Hou. "Immunomodulatory activity of dioscorin, the storage protein of yam (Dioscorea alata cv. Tainong No. 1) tuber". Food and Chemical Toxicology 45, n.º 11 (novembro de 2007): 2312–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2007.06.009.

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Makiyah, Sri Nabawiyati Nurul, e Muhammad Sasmito Djati. "Potency of Purple Yam (Dioscorea alata L) as an Immunomodulatory Agent". Berkala Kedokteran 14, n.º 1 (24 de fevereiro de 2018): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jbk.v14i1.4589.

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Abstract: Purple yam tuber (Dioscorea alata L.) is one of tubers that has not been used optimally. One of the nutrients contained in Dioscorea species is Saponin Steroid. This paper aims to examine the potential of Steroid Saponin in purple yam tuber (Dioscorea alata L.) as an immunomodulatory agent. The method is by reviewing from various literatures. This article found that Steroid Saponin in purple yam tuber (Dioscorea alata L.) had a potency as an immunomodulatory agent. Keywords: Purple yam tuber (Dioscorea alata L), Steroid Saponin, Immunomodulatory

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Paul, Chiranjit, e Bimal Debnath. "A report on new chromosome number of three Dioscorea species". Plant Science Today 6, n.º 2 (27 de abril de 2019): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.2019.6.2.490.

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Chromosomal study conducted in nine species of Dioscorea from different forest belts of Tripura revealed that their somatic chromosome number ranged from 2n=40 to 2n=60. The record of 2n=40 chromosome in the sexual phenotypes of Dioscorea hamiltonii, Dioscorea glabra and Dioscorea pubera are the first time report from Tripura, North East India. Moreover the somatic chromosome counts of 2n=60 in Dioscorea pentaphylla would be attributed as a new cytotype. However at the respective ploidy level no difference in somatic chromosome count was observed between their sexes.

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Hazrati, K. Z., S. M. Sapuan, M. Y. M. Zuhri e R. Jumaidin. "Extraction and Characterization of Potential Biodegradable Materials Based on Dioscorea hispida Tubers". Polymers 13, n.º 4 (15 de fevereiro de 2021): 584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13040584.

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This study was driven by the stringent environmental legislation concerning the consumption and utilization of eco-friendly materials. Within this context, this paper aimed to examine the characteristics of starch and fibres from the Dioscorea hispida tuber plant to explore their potential as renewable materials. The extraction of the Dioscorea hispida starch and Dioscorea hispida fibres was carried out and the chemical composition, physical, thermal, morphological properties, and crystallinity were studied. The chemical composition investigations revealed that the Dioscorea hispida starch (DHS) has a low moisture t (9.45%) and starch content (37.62%) compared to cassava, corn, sugar palm, and arrowroot starches. Meanwhile, the Dioscorea hispida fibres (DHF) are significantly low in hemicellulose (4.36%), cellulose (5.63%), and lignin (2.79%) compared to cassava, corn hull and sugar palm. In this investigation the chemical, physical, morphological and thermal properties of the Dioscorea hispida fibre and Dioscorea hispida starch were examined by chemical composition investigation, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), particle size distribution, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), respectively. It was found that Dioscorea hispida waste is promising alternative biomass and sustainable material with excellent potential as a renewable filler material for food packaging applications.

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Girma, Gezahegn, Ranjana Bhattacharjee, Antonio Lopez-Montes, Badara Gueye, Sam Ofodile, Jorge Franco e Michael Abberton. "Re-defining the yam (Dioscorea spp.) core collection using morphological traits". Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization 16, n.º 3 (3 de maio de 2017): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262117000144.

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AbstractDevelopment of core collection representing the diversity in the entire germplasm creates a better access and enhanced utilization of the main collection thus allowing rapid evaluation in crop improvement programs. Core collections are dynamic in nature and needs revisiting when additional germplasm and information becomes available. In the current study, an attempt was made to re-define the previously developed yam (Dioscorea spp) core collection using 56 morphological traits. Information on additional acquired germplasm and presence of duplicates or mislabelled accessions in the entire collection was also used. The re-defined core collection consisted of 843 accessions and represented about 20% of the entire collection. It included six Dioscorea species, of which accessions of Dioscorea rotundata are in the majority (73.54%) followed by Dioscorea alata (21.35%), Dioscorea bulbifera (1.66%), Dioscorea cayenensis (1.42%), Dioscorea dumetorum (1.42%) and Dioscorea esculenta (0.59%). The Shannon weaver diversity index and principal component analysis revealed the maximum diversity captured in the core from the base collection. This re-defined core collection is more valuable than the original core since it represents true-to-type accessions ensuring reliability for enhanced utilization of germplasm in yam improvement programs.

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Fatma, Lania Yuchanitz, J. Jumari e Sri Utami. "Keanekaragaman Dioscorea spp dan habitatnya di Kabupaten Kudus, Jawa Tengah Diversity and habitat of Dioscorea spp in Kudus, Central Java". Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 20, n.º 1 (23 de julho de 2018): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/bioma.20.1.17-24.

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Dioscorea spp (Yam) is one of the potential local food producers. It has advantage of high species diversity, containing high carbonhydrate and easy to grow. The aim of this research is to determine the variants of Dioscorea spp, examine the structure and composition of trees around Dioscorea spp habitat and determine the enviromental factors of Dioscorea spp habitat. The research was carried out in May-June 2017. The sampling technique was using exploration and quadratic method by plotting the trees into 5 squares (10 m x 10 m) with diameter of stem more than 10 cm. The name of each species, number of individuals and stem diameter measurement of each plot were recorded. The data of diversity Dioscorea spp and environmental factors were analyzed by sort of descruptive set and the trees was analyzed by vegetation analysis. The results showed that 4 species of Dioscorea spp. There are D. hispida, D. bulbifera, D. alata and D. esculenta. D. alata has 3 variants called uwi ireng, uwi ungu and uwi bangkulit. D. esculenta has 2 variants called gembili bebek and gembili terpong. The trees around Dioscorea spp obtained 21 species with the most important index is banana (Musa paradisiaca) and sengon (Albizia chinensis). The environmental factors were indicated the appropiate growth of Dioscorea spp. Key words: Dioscorea spp, local food stuffs and variant types

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Godfrey, Eneogwe Okechukwu, Ibrahim Izihyi Esther e Obuye Faith. "Proximate Composition, Levels of Some Essential Mineral Elements and Anti-Nutritional Components of Some Yam Species Found in Minna, Niger State". Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry 12, n.º 1 (27 de setembro de 2022): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.9-16.

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Samples of Dioscorea dumenturom, Dioscorea rotundata and Dioscorea cayenensis were investigated for their proximate composition, anti-nutritional and mineral contents using standard analytical methods. These varieties of Dioscorea analysed showed a significant difference (Pâ‰¤0.05) amongst them. However, from the results, it was observed that Dioscorea rotundata had the highest ash (8.05Â±0.05 %) and crude fibre content (13.11Â±0.10 %) which indicates that it contains more mineral stuffing and is best for softening of stool. Dioscorea cayenensis had the highest fat content (16.31Â±0.30 %), indicating that it is a better source of calories than other yam species analysed. Dioscorea dumenturom had the lowest moisture content (3.51Â±0.01 %) as well as the highest crude protein (12.29Â±0.01 %) and carbohydrates (69.04Â±0.10 %) than other yam species analysed, indicating its longer shelf-life, high bodybuilding capacity and better source of energy than other yam species analysed. The anti-nutritional constituent of alkaloid and tannin were lowest in Dioscorea cayenensis while Dioscorea rotundata had the least cyanide, phytate and oxalate content. This implies that these particular yams are safer for consumption. The elemental analysis in mg/100g indicated that the yam species contained appreciable levels of essential minerals, with Dioscorea dumenturom having the highest sodium, calcium, iron, potassium, phosphorous and magnesium concentration of 32.05Â±0.07 mg/100g,190.57Â±0.01mg/100g, 5.98Â±0.03 mg/100g, 80.12Â±0.17 mg/100g, 237.10Â±0.48 mg/100g and 100.22Â±0.03 mg/100g respectively. All these mineral concentrations exist within the permissible limit of WHO and hence indicate that the yam species can serve as a good source of minerals.

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Chaïr, H., X. Perrier, C. Agbangla, J. L. Marchand, O. Dainou e J. L. Noyer. "Use of cpSSRs for the characterisation of yam phylogeny in Benin". Genome 48, n.º 4 (1 de agosto de 2005): 674–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g05-018.

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The Dioscorea cayenensis – Dioscorea rotundata species complex is the most widely cultivated yam in West Africa. This species complex has been described as deriving from wild yams belonging to the Enanthiophyllum section through domestication by African farmers. To study patterns of yam evolution and to establish phylogenetic relationships existing between wild and cultivated species sampled in Benin, we investigated changes in chloroplast DNA simple sequence repeats (cpSSR) in 148 yam accessions selected to cover the wider possible genetic diversity existing in the country. Dioscorea cayenensis and D. rotundata share the same haplotype. The morphotype "abyssinica" appeared to be subdivided into 2 haplotypes. One of these haplotypes shares the same haplotype with the Dioscorea cayenensis – Dioscorea rotundata species complex and with morphotypes praehensilis, suggesting that they might belong to the same species. Relationships among sections Lasiophyton, Macrocapaea, Opsophyton, and Enanthiophyllum were clarified, and some taxonomic changes within the Enanthiophyllum section were suggested. Dioscorea minutiflora, D. smilacifolia, and D. burkilliana might be considered as 1 single genetic group, and they are suspected of belonging to the same species.Key words: chloroplast genome, microsatellite, Dioscorea, Enanthiophyllum, taxonomy.

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Godfrey, Eneogwe Okechukwu, Obuye Faith e Ibrahim Izihyi Esther. "Comparative Assessment of the Proximate Composition, Functional Properties and Amino Acid Profile of Dioscorea bulbifera, Dioscorea alata and Dioscorea rotundata Found in Minna, Niger State". Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry 12, n.º 1 (24 de janeiro de 2023): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.177-185.

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The proximate composition, functional properties and amino acid profile of samples of Dioscorea alata, Dioscorea rotundata and Dioscorea bulbifera were investigated using standard analytical methods. The results showed that Dioscorea alata had the highest ash (5.59±0.06 %) and crude fiber content (12.12±0.20 %), indicating that it has more mineral stuffing and is best to reduce the risk of obesity. Dioscorea rotundata had the highest fat content (11.63±0.04 %) as well as the lowest moisture content (7.04±0.06 %), indicating that it is a better source of calories and has a longer shelf-life than other yam species analysed. Dioscorea bulbifera also had the highest crude protein (8.64±0.03 %) and carbohydrates (77.51±0.08 %) than other yam species analysed, indicating high bodybuilding capacity and a better source of energy than other yam samples analysed. Dioscorea alata showed the highest bulk density (0.87±0.02 g/cm3) and swelling capacity (15.25±0.03 g/g). It is indicating its usefulness in the reduction of paste thickness and water-holding capacity of starch granules respectively while Dioscorea rotundata, showed the highest water absorption capacity (164.02±0.02 %), oil absorption capacity (149.76±0.02 %) and dispersibility (72.17±0.01 %). This indicates its importance in the consistency and bulking of products, flavour retaining in food and reconstitution of flour samples in water to give a fine consistent paste during mixing. The yam species were also rich in amino acids which are building blocks of protein. However, Dioscorea rotundata was the richest in amino acid content, as it had 36.32±0.16 g/100g and 36.49±0.16 g/100g, for essential and non-essential amino acids respectively.

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Rui, Guo, Zhang-Yi Qin, Ya-Qing Chang, Yu-Guang Zheng, Dan Zhang, Li-Min Yao e Long Guo. "Chemical Comparison and Identification of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors of Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae Rhizoma and Dioscoreae Spongiosae Rhizoma by Chemometric Analysis and Spectrum–Effect Relationship". Molecules 28, n.º 24 (15 de dezembro de 2023): 8116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28248116.

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Dioscoreae hypoglaucae Rhizoma (DH) and Dioscoreae spongiosae Rhizoma (DS) are two similar Chinese herbal medicines derived from the Dioscorea family. DH and DS have been used as medicines in China and other Asian countries for a long time, but study on their phytochemicals and bioactive composition is limited. This present study aimed to compare the chemical compositions of DH and DS, and explore the anti-xanthine oxidase components based on chemometric analysis and spectrum–effect relationship. Firstly, an HPLC method was used to establish the chemical fingerprints of DH and DS samples, and nine common peaks were selected. Then, hierarchical clustering analysis, principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis were employed to compare and discriminate DH and DS samples based on the fingerprints data, and four steroidal saponins compounds (protodioscin, protogracillin, dioscin, gracillin) could be chemical markers responsible for the differences between DH and DS. Meanwhile, the anti-xanthine oxidase activities of these two herbal medicines were evaluated by xanthine oxidase inhibitory assay in vitro. Pearson correlation analysis and partial least squares regression analysis were subsequently used to investigate the spectrum–effect relationship between chemical fingerprints and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities. The results showed that four steroidal saponins, including protodioscin, protogracillin, methyl protodioscin and pseudoprogracillin could be potential anti-xanthine oxidase compounds in DH and DS. Furthermore, the xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of the four selected inhibitors were validated by anti-xanthine oxidase inhibitory assessment and molecular docking experiments. The present work provided evidence for understanding of the chemical differences and the discovery of the anti-xanthine oxidase constituent of DH and DS, which could be useful for quality evaluation and bioactive components screening of these two herbal medicines.

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Hou, Wen-Chi, Jih-Shiou Liu, Hsien-Jung Chen, Tzeng-Err Chen, Chung-Fang Chang e Yaw-Huei Lin. "Dioscorin, the Major Tuber Storage Protein of Yam (Dioscorea batatasDecne) with Carbonic Anhydrase and Trypsin Inhibitor Activities". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 47, n.º 5 (maio de 1999): 2168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf980738o.

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Leete, Edward, e Robert H. Michelson. "The incorporation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid into the lactone ring of dioscorine in Dioscorea hispida". Phytochemistry 28, n.º 12 (janeiro de 1989): 3325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(89)80340-1.

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Zhao, Zhenyu, Xin Wang, Yi Yu, Subo Yuan, Dan Jiang, Yujun Zhang, Teng Zhang, Wenhao Zhong, Qingjun Yuan e Luqi Huang. "Complete chloroplast genome sequences of Dioscorea: Characterization, genomic resources, and phylogenetic analyses". PeerJ 6 (4 de dezembro de 2018): e6032. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6032.

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Dioscorea L., the largest genus of the family Dioscoreaceae with over 600 species, is not only an important food but also a medicinal plant. The identification and classification of Dioscorea L. is a rather difficult task. In this study, we sequenced five Dioscorea chloroplast genomes, and analyzed with four other chloroplast genomes of Dioscorea species from GenBank. The Dioscorea chloroplast genomes displayed the typical quadripartite structure of angiosperms, which consisted of a pair of inverted repeats separated by a large single-copy region, and a small single-copy region. The location and distribution of repeat sequences and microsatellites were determined, and the rapidly evolving chloroplast genome regions (trnK-trnQ, trnS-trnG, trnC-petN, trnE-trnT, petG-trnW-trnP, ndhF, trnL-rpl32, and ycf1) were detected. Phylogenetic relationships of Dioscorea inferred from chloroplast genomes obtained high support even in shortest internodes. Thus, chloroplast genome sequences provide potential molecular markers and genomic resources for phylogeny and species identification.

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Shi, Wenyan, Chengdan Fang, Fan Yang e Chunli Feng. "Study on Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation Techniques of Different Explants of Codonopsis convolvulacea Kurz". Academic Journal of Science and Technology 10, n.º 2 (15 de abril de 2024): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/000dhs68.

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The tissue culture technology of Dioscorea bulbifera L. is of great significance for the effective protection and utilization of its germplasm resources. This paper reviews the research progress of tissue culture technology of Dioscorea bulbifera L. with different explants. It introduces the historical development of tissue culture technology of Dioscorea bulbifera L., including early exploration and gradual improvement of modern technology. The paper elaborates various methods and strategies of tissue culture technology of Dioscorea bulbifera L. at present, including research progress in aspects such as explant selection, medium formulation, and application of growth regulators. It also looks forward to the future development direction and potential applications of tissue culture technology of Dioscorea bulbifera L., and discusses its application prospects in germplasm resource preservation, new variety breeding, and improvement of disease and pest resistance. This paper is of important theoretical and practical significance for promoting the research and application of tissue culture technology of Dioscorea bulbifera L.

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Wuryantoro, Wuryantoro, Ratna Mustika Wardhani, Indah Rekyani Puspitawati, Praptiningsih Gamawati Adinurani e Bohari Mohammad Yamin. "Exploration and Characterization of “Uwi” Plant (Dioscorea sp.) in East Java Uplands, Indonesia". E3S Web of Conferences 226 (2021): 00049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202122600049.

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“Uwi” (Dioscorea sp.) is a tuber plant species with potentials to support the national food diversity program because it has high tolerance when planted in upland areas, which are wide in Indonesia and beyond. The study aims to rescue germplasm of “Uwi” plants through exploration, identification, and collection for the sake of national long–term goal of providing alternative food sources to support food security. The research began with exploration of the west upland area of East Java, and continued with specimen planting for characterization testing in the following year. Exploration resulted in 127 samples of variants observed throughout uplands in Madiun, Ponorogo, Ngawi, Magetan and Pacitan, East Java, Indonesia with each result of 28, 26, 9, 20 and 44 variants. Five big groups of Dioscorea family namely Dioscorea alata, Dioscorea aculeata, Dioscorea hispida, Dioscorea pentaphylla and Dioscorea bulbifera were mapped out as a result. Using SPSS cluster analysis, D. alata as the most variant were specified into 20 groups and further gathered into seven clusters based on its main botanical characteristics of leaf shape, leaf color, stem color, tuber color, tuber shape, and skin color of the tuber. Meanwhile, D. aculeata and D. pentaphylla were each detailed into two sub–clusters and other types were each detailed into one.

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