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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Digestible yield"
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Sudár, Gergő, Alexandra Rebeka Horváth, Judit Jakab, Roland Pósa, Veronika Halas e János Tossenberger. "The in vivo crude protein digestibility of soybean species cultivated in Hungary". Acta Agraria Kaposváriensis 25, n.º 2 (15 de dezembro de 2021): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31914/aak.2644.
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The purpose of the trial was to use the mobile nylon bag technique to determine the crude protein digestibility and calculate the digestible protein yield of soybean varieties cultivated in Hungary. The trial was carried out with 10, double cannulated (duodenal- and PVTC-cannula) hybrid barrows with initial live weights of 40±3.5 kg. The experimental basal diets were formulated on a corn-wheat-barley-soybean basis according to the requierement of growing pigs (Tybirk, 2015). A total of 20 soybean varieties were tested in this experiment. After simulating gastric digestion the nylon bags were inserted into the duodenum of ten barrows through simple duodenal T-cannulae. Ten bags were administered to each pig daily. A total of 200 (10 samples/soybean variety) bags were inserted over a 4-day period. The mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum values of the crude protein digestibility of soybean samples were calculated. The protein yields per hectare according to the crop yield and the protein content values and also the digestible protein yield values were calculated. To examine the relationship between crop yield and crude protein yield and also between crop yield and digestible crude protein yield regression analysis were used. The overall results of this experiment indicate that the average crude protein digestibility of the tested soybean varieties was 76.0%, with an absolute difference of 17.3% between the best and the least digestible varieties. ES Mentor variety reached the best digestible crude protein yield, with 1305.4 kg/ha. The variety with the lowest digestible crude protein yield was Boglár, with 752.3 kg/ha. The difference in digestible crude protein yield between these two varieties was 173.5%. In the correlation analysis between digestible crude protein content and yield for soybean varieties our results show that there is no correlation between the two factors. However, Aires, Prestopro, and ES Mentor should be highlighted among the varieties with above trend line results, as they have the best yield (4020 kg/ha; 4100 kg/ha, 4510 kg/ha) and digestible crude protein content (31%, 30.3%, and 28.9%). ES Mentor produced the fourth best digestible crude protein content (28.9%) with the best yield (4510 kg/ha).
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SURPRENANT, J., R. MICHAUD e G. ALLARD. "EFFECT OF ONE CYCLE OF DIVERGENT PHENOTYPIC SELECTION FOR CRUDE PROTEIN, DIGESTIBILITY AND DIGESTIBLE YIELD IN TIMOTHY". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 70, n.º 3 (1 de julho de 1990): 757–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps90-093.
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A major goal in the breeding of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) is to improve its nutritive value. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of one cycle of divergent phenotypic selection for crude protein, digestibility and digestible yield. The progeny of genotypes selected either for high or low crude protein, high or low digestibility, and high or low digestible yield along with a subpopulation representing the unselected original parents were evaluated for dry matter yield and several forage quality characteristics under spaced plant and sward conditions. Under spaced plant conditions significant variation was observed for digestibility (IVDMD), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Under sward conditions, significant variation was observed for water retention (WR), ADF and NDF. Under spaced plant conditions, a priori contrasts indicated that one cycle of selection was sufficient to create distinct populations for CP in selecting for CP, for IVDMD and ADF with the IVDMD selection and in 2 out of 3 yr for digestible yield with selection for digestible yield. Evaluation under sward conditions indicated that selection for digestible yield modified CP, WS, ADF, NDF, PV and WR. The results from the evaluation under sward conditions were used to compute different parameters related to potential animal production such as dry matter intake, lactation net energy, energy intake, and different estimates of potential milk production that could be obtained from feeding this hay.Key words: Phleum pratense, timothy, quality, dry matter intake
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Andreeva, O. T. "Productivity of less common agricultural crops depending on the sowing dates in the conditions of Transbaikalia". Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 54, n.º 5 (24 de junho de 2024): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2024-5-3.
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The article presents the results of the study of the influence of sowing dates on the productivity of less common agricultural fodder crops: fodder millet, Sudan grass, spring triticale, Scarlet amaranth and fodder beans. The studies were carried out at the experimental field of the Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Eastern Siberia located in the forest-steppe zone of Transbaikalia. The soil of the site is meadow-chernozem mealy-carbonate, light loam by granulometric composition. The studied crops were sown at different dates to determine the degree of influence of the sowing dates on the duration of interphase periods of plant development, their linear growth, foliage and productivity: May 15 and 25, June 15 and 25. The obtained data indicate that by changing the sowing dates it is possible to influence the productivity of the studied crops and the quality of forages made on their basis. The best indicators on fodder productivity and nutritive value were demonstrated by the crops sown on June 15: yield of green mass – 18.9–30.5 t/ha, dry matter – 3.93–5.70 t/ha, yield of fodder units – 3.03–4.67 t/ha, digestible protein content – 306–901 kg/ha, gross energy – 38.12–57.57 GJ/ha, provision of 1 fodder unit with digestible protein – 93–193 g. Crops of fodder beans and Scarlet amaranth had an advantage, characterized by the following indicators: yield of green mass – 29.6–30.5 t/ha, dry matter yield – 5.70–5.95 t/ha, yield of fodder units – 4.20–4.67 t/ha, digestible protein content – 722–901 kg/ha, gross energy – 52.86–57.57 GJ/ha, provision of 1 fodder unit of digestible protein – 172–193 g. Agrocenoses of Poaceae crops (spring triticale, fodder millet, Sudan grass) were inferior in productivity: their green mass yield was 14.4 –18.9 t/ha, dry matter yield – 2.97–3.93 t/ha, yield of fodder units – 2.23–3.03 t/ha, digestible protein content – 207–341 kg/ha, gross energy – 28.51–38.12 GJ/ha, provision of 1 fodder unit with digestible protein – 93–121 g.
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Thomson, E. F., S. Rihawi e N. Nersoyan. "Nutritive Value and Yields of Some Forage Legumes and Barley Harvested as Immature Herbage, Hay and Straw in North-West Syria". Experimental Agriculture 26, n.º 1 (janeiro de 1990): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700015398.
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SUMMARYThe nutritive value and yield of forage legumes and barley harvested as immature herbage, hay and straw were measured in two experiments. The voluntary feed intake of peas at all stages of maturity and immature herbage from woollypod vetch was substantially lower than that of common vetch and chickling. At each stage of maturity barley was less digestible than all the forages except immature peas. Despite exceptionally cold weather in February/March 1985, yields of common vetch were higher in 1984/85 than in 1985/86 when there was less rain. Peas yielded the most hay, and chickling yielded less seed and straw than common vetch, peas and barley. Yields of digestible dry matter from straw and seed exceeded those from hay but protein yield at the two stages was similar. Mechanical baling substantially reduced the yields of baled hay but these losses would be reduced to less than 10% if the residues were grazed.
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Tulu, Abuye, Mekonnen Diribsa e Worku Temesgen. "Evaluation of Seven Oat (Avena sativa) Genotypes for Biomass Yield and Quality Parameters under Different Locations of Western Oromia, Ethiopia". Advances in Agriculture 2020 (11 de dezembro de 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8822344.
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Recognizing the potential and importance of cultivating improved forage crops as a means of tackling the recurrent feed shortage facing the study area, seven oat genotypes were tested in randomized complete block design with three replications across two locations for three growing seasons (2014, 2015, and 2016). The study was aimed to evaluate dry matter (DM) and digestible organic matter yield and nutrient composition of oat genotypes. The study revealed that oat genotypes responded differently for herbage dry matter (DM) and digestible organic matter (OM) yield, and quality parameters in both study locations. Averaged over the seven oat genotypes, herbage DM and digestible OM yield. recorded at Bako were higher than Boneya Boshe location across the study periods. The ash ( P > 0.05) content did not vary among oat genotypes at both testing locations, while variation was observed for DM, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), in vitro digestibility, and metabolizable energy (ME) constituents. In general, genotypes ILRI 6710 and 5453 showed higher herbage DM and digestible OM yield. Moreover, the two genotypes are also higher in their in vitro digestibility value and ME, DM, and CP contents but relatively lower in NDF, ADF, and ADL fiber constituents, and thus, they are recommended for wider cultivation.
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Andreeva, O. T., N. G. Pilipenko, L. P. Sidorova e N. Yu Kharchenko. "Promising uncommon poaceous and leguminous fodder crops". Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 50, n.º 4 (25 de setembro de 2020): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2020-4-4.
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The results of research (2016-2018) into productivity, adaptability and nutritional value of poaceous crops (forage millet, Sudan grass) and legumes (fodder beans, spring vetch, garden peas) are presented and analyzed. The research was conducted on meadow chernozem mealy-carbonate soil, light loam by granulometric composition, in the forest-steppe zone of Trans-Baikal Territory. Agricultural technology used for fodder crop cultivation was common for this area. The objects of the research were legumes (Sibirskiye forage beans, Novosibirskaya spring vetch, Holik garden peas), and poaceous varieties (Bystroe forage millet, Novosibirskaya 84 Sudan grass). The experimental work was carried out in accordance with the generally accepted guidelines for field experiments. All the forage crops under study have formed a fairly high productivity: the yield of green mass was 13.0-18.2 t/ha, dry matter – 2.6-3.2, feed units – 2.2-2.7 t/ha, digestible protein – 220-567 kg/ha, gross energy – 26.5-32.2 GJ/ha, with availability of digestible protein 100-210 g per one feed unit. Among leguminous crops, spring vetch and fodder beans had an advantage with the green mass yield of 13.3-15.0 t/ha, the amount of dry matter of 3.1-3.2, feed units of 2.6-2.7 t/ha, digestible protein 494–567 kg/ha, gross energy 32.0–32.2 GJ/ha, with availability of digestible protein of 190–210 g per one feed unit. Garden peas were inferior to spring vetch and fodder beans in yield by 2.3-13.3%, dry matter – by 9.6-12.5, feed units – by 3.8-7.4, digestible protein – by 4.9-17.1, gross energy – by 8.1–8.7%. Among poaceous crops, agrocenoses of Sudan grass had an advantage in productivity and nutritional value. They formed the yield of green mass 18.2 t/ha, the amount of dry matter 3.1, feed units 2.5 t/ha, digestible protein 300 kg/ha, gross energy 31.3 GJ/ha, with availability of digestible protein of 120 g per one feed unit. Fodder millet was inferior to Sudan grass in all respects by 12.0–26.7%, respectively.
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Ivanova, E. P., e O. M. Skalozub. "The effectiveness of the use of Sinorhizobium meliloti in the cultivation of variable alfalfa (Medicago varia Mart.)". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 962, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2022): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/962/1/012017.
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Abstract As a result of three-year studies, we have established a growth in the yield and feed advantages of variable alfalfa in the variants with inoculation of seeds with virulent active strains of rhizobia. The total yield augmentation of green mass in the experimental variants over the three years of alfalfa life were 6.8–13.7 % compared to the control ones. The positive effect of inoculation with virulent active rhizobia strains on the total collection of dry matter was expressed in its increase in experimental conditions by 12.6–21.7 %. The highest yield of green mass, as well as dry matter was obtained in the variant with the inoculation of alfalfa seeds with the main production strain 425. The researched factor has a positive effect on the collection of feed units, digestible protein and feed protein units from 1 ha. The collection of feed units per hectare in the experimental versions increases by 1.1–1.3 times, the collection of digestible protein – by 1.2–1.4 times. The maximum substance of feed units and digestible protein per hectare was observed in the version with seed inoculation with strain 425a. The provision of a feed unit with digestible protein increases by 10.44–18.18 g or by 6.1–10.6 %.
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Tiuriukov, A. G., e K. V. Filippov. "Improvement of degraded hayfelds in the forest-steppe of the Priobye region". Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University), n.º 1 (7 de abril de 2022): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2022-62-1-88-96.
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The authors presented the results of research in 2012-2016 on the improvement of degraded hayfields with the sowing of perennial legume grass mixture at different methods of turf cultivation. The work aims to determine the most effective methods of cultivation of the turf of degraded hayfields, contributing to higher yields and quality of the resulting fodder. The highest content of perennial legumes in the herbage was noted in the variant with radical improvement of degraded hayfield (ploughing + discing) - 88 %, in the variant with milling - 80, discing - 70 %. The variant with radical improvement of the degraded hayfield (ploughing + discing) obtained the highest yield - 17.3 green and 3.64 t/ha - dry mass, which exceeds the yield of the control variant by 3.6 times. When carrying out radical improvement of degraded hayfields yield of fodder units was 1740, the number of digestible proteins per 1 fodder unit 140 g. These indicators during turf disking were 1550 fodder unit and 135 g, respectively. During strip seeding of perennial leguminous grasses (meadow clover + alfalfa) the variant with a width of the cultivated strip of 60 cm was selected. The yield of fodder units was 1610, the amount of digestible protein per 1 fodder unit - 120 g. In the control variant the yield of fodder units was 380, the amount of digestible protein per 1 fodder unit - 85 g. Strip-seeding of perennial leguminous grasses was the most cost-effective method of improving degraded hayfields in the Priobye forest-steppe. Net income in variants with strip-seeding of perennial leguminous grasses was 3751-4278 rubles/ha, profitability level - 71- 87%. In the variant with radical improvement of the degraded hayfield (ploughing + discing) these indicators are lower - 3959 rubles/ha and 57 % accordingly.
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Garnsworthy, P. C., e D. T. Stokes. "The nutritive value of wheat and oat silages ensiled on three cutting dates". Journal of Agricultural Science 121, n.º 2 (outubro de 1993): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600077108.
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SUMMARYThe production of biomass and its partitioning into stem, leaf, ear and dead material were monitored weekly in crops of wheat and oats from 16 May 1990, which corresponded approximately to ear emergence in the wheat, until ensilage on 29 June, 7 July and 19 July 1990 using the Ag-Bag system. An enzyme/inoculant additive was used on both crops on each ensilage date, although a portion of oats was ensiled without additive on the first two cutting dates, giving a total of eight silages. Changes in rumen degradability of dry matter were assessed for both crops throughout the monitoring period using the synthetic fibre bag technique. The digestibilities of gross energy, modified acid detergent fibre, organic matter and crude protein were determined in vivo using sheep.Over the total period of monitoring, the daily rates of increase in dry matter (DM) yield were 15·1 (± 1·6) and 16·5 (±1·9) g DM/m2 for wheat and oats respectively. From 29 June to 19 July the rates of increase were 11·3 (± 3·1) and 23·1 (±6·0) g DM/m2. The increase in weight of the ears accounted for almost all of this increase and, by the end of the monitoring period, the ears contributed approximately half of the dry matter of each crop. In both crops the portion of dead material was small until 19 July, when there was a rapid increase in the amount of dead stem. The DM content of both crops remained < 30% up to day 33 (18 June) but increased from c. 33% to c. 52% between days 53 and 65 (8–20 July). Rumen degradability of both crops decreased rapidly from c. 66% on 16 May until 16 June, when it was c. 56% for wheat and 55% for oats; it remained constant at these values thereafter.For silages made on the three successive ensilage dates, there was an increase in DM and starch contents but decreases in digestible energy, digestible fibre and digestible crude protein contents. Digestible organic matter was similar for the first two ensilage dates but lower in silage made on the third date.The use of an additive with the oat crop resulted in decreases in the digestible energy, digestible organic matter and digestible crude protein contents of the silages compared with untreated oats.Maximum yield of DM from wheat (18·6 t/ha) was obtained with the third cutting date, but optimum yield of energy (170 GJ/ha) and digestible crude protein (746 kg/ha) were found at the second cutting date. For oats, maximum yield of DM (17·3 t/ha) was again found with the third cut and maximum yield of energy (159 GJ/ha, untreated; 140 GJ/ha with additive) with the second cut. Digestible crude protein yield was greatest with the second cut of oats when no additive was used (708 kg/ha) but with additive it was greatest with the first cut (661 kg/ha).It was concluded that, under these conditions, the optimum date for ensilage of wheat or oats was 7 July and that the use of the additive was detrimental to the quality of the oat silage.
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Li, Bokun, Yasuyuki Ishii, Sachiko Idota, Manabu Tobisa, Mitsuhiro Niimi, Yingkui Yang e Keiko Nishimura. "Yield and Quality of Forages in a Triple Cropping System in Southern Kyushu, Japan". Agronomy 9, n.º 6 (30 de maio de 2019): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9060277.
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A triple cropping system, combining spring maize, pearl millet, and twice-cut blast disease resistant Italian ryegrass, was examined for the 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 growing seasons to achieve quality herbage production in Miyazaki, southern Kyushu, Japan. The growth of the three crops reached to harvest, even though typhoon and heavy rainfall occurred. Annual dry matter (DM) yield of the triple crops was 4098 g m−2 and 4349 g m−2 in the first and second cropping seasons, respectively. The observed total digestible nutrients (TDN) were higher in spring maize (up to 68.2% and 76.8%), pearl millet (up to 60.0% and 67.9%), and Italian ryegrass (up to 71.6% and 68.6%), during the first and second season, respectively, leading to an annual TDN yield of 2357 g m−2 and 2938 g m−2. The results suggest that the present established triple cropping system is feasible for obtaining high yields with more digestible nutrients in the forages.
Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Digestible yield"
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Main, Oscar. "Optimising forage maize's digestible yield under contrasted environments". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASB019.
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Le maïs occupe une place centrale dans le système fourrager français, son rendement et sa valeur énergétique étant deux critères clés pour l'inscription des variétés hybrides de maïs au catalogue officiel français. Des recherches antérieures ont montré une corrélation directe entre la valeur énergétique et la digestibilité de la matière sèche (MS), influencée par la digestibilité de la paroi, elle-même affectée par le déficit hydrique. Des études sur des lignées de maïs ont montré que le déficit hydrique sévère augmente la digestibilité de la MS et de la paroi, liées à une diminution de la teneur en lignine et à des changements dans sa distribution tissulaire. Cependant, comme la teneur en lignine a déjà été fixée dans les variétés hybrides, elle semble avoir peu de potentiel pour améliorer davantage la digestibilité de la paroi. Pour explorer d'autres cibles et l'impact du déficit hydrique sur ces caractères, ce travail de thèse a été mené dans le cadre du projet Carnot Plant2Pro INRAE-ARVALIS MAMMA MIA. Des variétés de maïs hybrides modernes, représentatifs du marché français actuel (maïs S0-S1 très précoces à précoces), ont été cultivés pendant deux ans dans seize conditions environnementales contrastées, dont six en conditions d'irrigation contrôlée. Tout d'abord, un indice de stress (SID) simple mais robuste a été établi, tenant compte du déficit hydrique du sol et de la température de l'air. Ce SID s'est révélé être un outil crucial en classant les différents environnements, mettant en évidence l'impact d'un stress sévère dû à des températures élevées sur la digestibilité de la MS par rapport à des conditions de stress modéré. Pour être en mesure d'étudier une large gamme de conditions environnementales, plusieurs équations de prédiction par spectroscopie proche infrarouge (NIRS) ont également été développées, capables de prédire de manière robuste et précise des caractères de la paroi et leurs relations, similaires à celles mesurées en biochimie au laboratoire. Bien que ces équations se révèlent suffisamment robustes pour être utilisées dans les programmes de sélection, une vigilance s'impose quant à l'exactitude des prédictions en conditions de stress, en particulier dans le cas des variétés hybrides où la gamme de variation des caractères est souvent limitée. L'ensemble des données obtenues a ensuite permis une analyse multi-échelle, intégrant des caractères agroclimatiques, agronomiques, biochimiques et histologiques, ainsi que des données expérimentales in sacco obtenues sur des vaches fistulées. Des cibles biochimiques et histologiques ont pu être proposées pour améliorer la qualité du maïs fourrager en fonction de l'intensité du stress. Nous avons montré qu'en condition de stress sévère, bien que la production d'épis diminue significativement, la digestibilité de la MS peut être maintenue grâce à une augmentation de la digestibilité de la paroi, due à une réduction de la teneur en acides p-hydroxycinnamique, alors que la teneur en lignine reste stable comme attendu. Nous avons également montré qu'en condition de stress modéré les caractères histologiques jouent un rôle aussi important que les caractères biochimiques, mais qu'une fois qu'un seuil est atteint, seuls les caractères biochimiques modulent les variations de la digestibilité de la paroi. Une fenêtre environnementale a donc pu être mise en évidence où le rôle accru de la distribution de la lignine aux côtés des caractères biochimiques permet une augmentation du rendement digestible. Ainsi, les agriculteurs pourraient exploiter cette fenêtre pour augmenter la productivité, en régulant l'irrigation en condition de sécheresse modérée et en intégrant le SID dans un outil de gestion de l'irrigationMaize stands as a pillar of the French forage system, with its yield and silage feeding value serving as key criteria for the registration of maize hybrid varieties in the official French catalogue. Previous research on this topic has revealed a direct correlation between silage feeding value and dry matter (DM) digestibility, which is, in turn, constrained by cell wall (CW) digestibility and significantly affected by water deficit. Studies on maize inbred lines have shown that under severe water deficit conditions, both DM and CW digestibilities increase. This increase correlates with a decrease in lignin content and changes in lignin distribution. However, it is noteworthy that breeding efforts have already fixed lignin content in hybrid varieties. Therefore, lignin content is unlikely to be a source of future digestibility improvement. To explore other CW targets and the impact of water deficit on these traits, this PhD study was conducted as part of the Carnot Plant2Pro INRAE-ARVALIS MAMMA MIA project. We grew a range of modern forage maize hybrids representative of the current S0-S1 (very-early to early flowering earliness) French market for two years under sixteen contrasted environmental conditions, including six in controlled irrigation conditions. First, we established a simple but robust stress index (SID) that considers the water deficit in the soil and the air temperature. This SID provided a key environmental ranking tool, highlighting severe stress due to high temperature that significantly impacted DM digestibility compared to moderate stress conditions. Secondly, to encompass a wide range of environmental conditions in biochemical quantifications, we developed several predictive near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) equations capable of robustly and accurately predicting fine cell wall traits and relationships, mirroring levels observed in laboratory experiments. While these equations prove sufficiently robust for use in selection programs, we emphasize the need for vigilance in accurately estimating prediction accuracy under stress conditions, particularly in equations applied to hybrid material where trait variation ranges are often limited. The core dataset of this work enabled a multiscale analysis, integrating agroclimatic, agronomic, biochemical, and histological traits, along with in sacco experimental data on cows. We proposed biochemical and histological traits to improve the quality of forage maize depending on stress intensity. We demonstrated that under severe stress, ear production decreases significantly, but DM digestibility can be maintained by increasing CW digestibility. This boost in CW digestibility was due to a reduction in p-hydroxycinnamic acid content, while lignin content remained stable, as anticipated. The significance of lignin distribution increased with the severity of stress, reaching an extreme threshold where biochemical parameters solely account for digestibility variations. This two-threshold model presents a window of opportunity located at the first threshold between non-stressed and moderately stressed environments, where the increased role of lignin distribution alongside biochemical traits enabled an increase in digestible yield. By controlling irrigation doses in the field under moderate drought conditions and integrating the SID into an irrigation management tool, farmers could exploit this window to increase productivity
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Khieu, Borin. "Cassava foliage for monogastric animals : forage yield, digestion, influence on gut development and nutritive value /". SLU, Uppsala : Dept. of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/200582.pdf.
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Jampala, Babitha. "Designer Sorghum Combining the High Digestibility and Waxy Grain Traits of Sorghum for Improved Nutrition Bioethanol Beer Feed and Food Products". Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-05-10846.
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Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L). Moench) is used for human consumption in parts of Africa and Asia and as an animal feed mainly in the U.S. Though sorghum grain contains higher amounts of protein than other cereal grains such as wheat and corn, it is not as readily available for enzyme degradation in humans and animals. Protein body matrices called kafirins surround the starch granules in sorghum. Because the protein is less digestible, the starch is also less digestible for biofuel production. However variation for this trait exists and the line P850029 has a higher protein digestibility compared to other normal grain sorghum lines. This increase in digestibility of protein is due to the rearrangement of the kafirins in the prolamin protein bodies where, the γ-kafirins are rearranged in the seed endosperm and the amount of γ-kafirin in the grain is also reduced. The assay to phenotype the HD trait is time consuming and unpredictable. So identifying a quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling the protein digestibility trait in sorghum would be beneficial in breeding. A recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population derived from P850029 x ‘Sureno’, were developed and used to map QTL regulating the protein digestibility trait. A single QTL was identified on chromosome 1 between Xtxp43 and Xtxp329. Validation of the identified QTL was done on heterogenous inbred families (HIFs). The results validate the same QTL identified on the RIL population on chromosome 1.
Later the high digestibility trait (HD) was integrated with the Waxy trait in sorghum. The Waxy (WX) sorghums have starch completely in the form of amylopectin. The effect of endosperm type on ethanol yield and fermentation efficiencies was studied among HD, WX and HD-WX lines. The HD-WX lines fermented in a shorter time i.e. completed fermentation in 48 h and their fermentation efficiencies were also higher around 90%. The DDGS of the HD-WX lines also had lower residual starch content and 50% higher amino acid lysine content when compared to wildtype sorghum.
Moreover, the relation between endosperm traits and grain yield in sorghum has not been fully explored. In this study, we compared the yield and yield components of four unique endosperm phenotypes, HD, WX, HD-WX and wildtype lines. A total of 100 F2:4 derived recombinant inbred lines population from a cross between Tx2907/P850029 were selected with 25 lines from each HD, WX, HD-WX and wild-type line were included in the study. These lines were grown in three replications in College Station and Halfway, Texas in a randomized complete block design. The results show that there are no significant differences in the grain yield.
Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Digestible yield"
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Casañas, F., L. Bosch, E. Sánchez, A. Almirall e F. Nuez. "Indirect selection for total digestible dry matter yield in forage maize, using stem diameter". In Developments in Plant Breeding, 367–74. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4475-9_42.
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Tabibian, James H. "Gastrointestinal Anatomy and Function: A High-Yield Overview". In Digestive Problems Solved, 3–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16317-3_1.
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de Bortoli, Nicola, Marzio Frazzoni e Edoardo Savarino. "The Diagnostic Yield of Novel Parameters in Reflux Monitoring". In Diagnosis and Endoscopic Management of Digestive Diseases, 217–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42358-6_14.
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Smil, Vaclav. "Traditional Farming". In Energy and Civilization. The MIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262035774.003.0003.
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This chapter discusses the use of energy in traditional farming. The evolution of agriculture appears to be a continuing effort to increase land productivity (to increase digestible energy yield) in order to accommodate larger populations. Owing to the overwhelmingly vegetarian diets of all traditional peasant societies, it is important to focus on the output of digestible energy produced in staple crops in general and grains in particular. The chapter first provides an overview of the link between food energy and the evolution of peasant societies before considering the commonalities and peculiarities of tools and machines used in agronomic practices. It then examines the dominance of grains in traditional agriculture, with particular emphasis on their energy density and nutritional content. It also analyzes routes to gradual intensification of agriculture, along with the persistence and innovation in traditional farming practices. Finally, it assesses the limits and achievements of traditional agriculture.
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Seicean, Andrada, Voicu Rednic e Radu Seicean. "Endoscopic Ultrasound Assessment of the Duodenal Wall Lesions". In Endoscopy in Small Bowel Diseases. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95927.
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Subepithelial tumors (SETs) in the upper digestive tract are rare and only 10% of are located in the duodenum. Assessment of lesions protruding from the duodenal wall is difficult. Upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy and computed tomography (CT) are not able to completely distinguish between different tumors and guide their subsequent management. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) has a significant diagnostic yield in this context. EUS is able to accurately diagnose duodenal lesions, perform a biopsy if considered useful, guide the approach for resection and provide appropriate follow-up. SETs reported during upper GI endoscopy are more commonly cysts, polyps, lipomas, Brunner’s gland adenoma, ectopic pancreas, gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) or neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). In addition, although more rarely, adenocarcinomas and lymphomas can be identified. EUS should be performed for any duodenal lesion larger than 1 cm that lacks the endoscopic characteristics of a cyst or a lipoma.
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Rao, Sobika, e Rameswar Pal. "EXPLORING THE MULTIDIMENSIONAL HEALTH EFFECTS OF YOGASANA: A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW". In Yoga - Exploring the Health Benefits and Diverse Dimensions [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1005096.
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The term “Yoga” is derived from the Sanskrit root “Yuj,” which translates to “to join,” “to yoke,” or “to unite.” Its global appeal stems from its evidence-based holistic approach. Today, a robust scientific consensus exists on the therapeutic benefits of Yoga, supported by a burgeoning body of research. Various Yogic practices, including asana (physical postures), pranayama (breath control), and dhyana (meditation), offer multifaceted health advantages. Yogasana, a cornerstone of Yoga, integrates physical postures with controlled breathing techniques to enhance physiological, psychological, and emotional well-being. As the third limb of Ashtanga Yoga, Yogasana yields diverse physiological effects, from cellular modulation to systemic improvements across the human body. Sukshma vyama, a subset of Yogasana, promotes localized blood circulation and facilitates articulation in synovial joints, thereby optimizing biomechanical alignment and mitigating muscular imbalances. Moreover, Yogasana induces slower, deeper breathing patterns, eliciting a predominant activation of the parasympathetic nervous system, which is crucial for stress management in modern society. Specific asanas stimulate digestive functions, facilitating the absorption and elimination of metabolic waste products, thereby fostering gastrointestinal health and optimizing the gut-brain axis. This chapter offers a comprehensive synthesis of scientific literature elucidating the physiological and psychological effects of Yogasana practice, providing an empirically grounded understanding of its therapeutic potential.
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Yaman, Hulya. "PROTEOMIC APPROACH TO DAIRY PRODUCTS PROCESSED WITH INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES". In Futuristic Trends in Agriculture Engineering & Food Sciences Volume 3 Book 7, 153–77. Iterative International Publisher, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bcag7p1ch9.
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The thermal processes used in milk pasteurization lead to undesired chemical, physical, and sensory changes, such as browning, a cooked taste, and loss of essential vitamins or amino acids, depending on the applied heat parameters and conditions. Interest in new technologies has begun to increase to minimize the negative effects of conventional heating methods and to meet consumers' demand for milk with ideal properties. These technologies can be classified as thermal and non-thermal processing methods. Non-thermal processing involves techniques that are effective at ambient temperatures and do not involve lethal heat treatment. They offer advantages such as energy savings, pathogen destruction, longer shelf life, and better preservation of nutrients compared to traditional approaches. Some new technologies studied in laboratory and pilot scales for milk processing include ohmic heating, microwave heating, radio frequency heating, high-pressure treatment, irradiation, pulsed electric field, and ultrasonication methods. Generally, these new technologies are used with fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis combination as they are less disruptive to proteins than conventional methods. They have the potential to increase yields, modify peptide configurations, and release a high rate of bioactive peptides compared to existing heating technologies. These innovative methods focus on enhancing microbial food safety and enzyme inactivation in food research and have shown positive and reliable results in reducing the microbial load in various food products, including milk. Besides decreasing microbial load, these techniques also influence food compounds in physical, chemical, and sensory properties. Among the components in milk, milk proteins with technological and functional properties are most affected. Technologically important properties of milk proteins, such as foaming, gelling, emulsification, and solubility, play a significant role in stabilizing desired characteristics in the final product. The gelling properties of milk in yogurt and cheese processing, the potential for bioactive peptide formation in fermented milk products, and the foaming, emulsification, and solubility properties in ice cream and gastronomy applications are noteworthy. In addition to the technological impact of milk processing, its health implications are also crucial. Changes in the biochemical structure of milk during processing can reduce the bioavailability and digestibility of milk proteins. While new techniques effectively reduce the microbiological load, it is essential to ensure that proteins retain a structure that can be assimilated by the digestive system in the body. The food industry and researchers should evaluate the efficacy of food products in terms of both food safety and bioavailability. This review emphasizes denaturation, functional and structural changes in milk proteins from a proteomic perspective. Additionally, it investigates the potential of bioactive peptide formation through applied innovative processes, their impact on protein digestibility, structural changes in proteins, and their acid and rennet gel formation potentials. This comprehensive review can guide researchers and industry leaders in evaluating green and sustainable technologies and developing new applications.
Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Digestible yield"
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El Moutaoukil, N., A. Taiymi, M. Oualgouh, K. Rais, FZ Baddi, A. Bennani, A. El Mekkaoui et al. "Diagnostic Yield of EUS FNA in Digestive Tract Masses". In ESGE Days 2021. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1724869.
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Shrimal, Pankaj, Mohan Ramchandani, Manohar Reddy, Zaheer Nabi e D. Nageshwar Reddy. "IDDF2018-ABS-0214 Diagnostic yield and therapeutic potential of single balloon enteroscopy in children". In International Digestive Disease Forum (IDDF) 2018, Hong Kong, 9–10 June 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2018-iddfabstracts.159.
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Agarwal, Nitin. "IDDF2018-ABS-0136 A scoring system for outpatient improvement in the diagnostic yield of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy". In International Digestive Disease Forum (IDDF) 2018, Hong Kong, 9–10 June 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2018-iddfabstracts.123.
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Chapelain, Y., T. Collet e S. Viennot. "SMALL BOWEL CAPSULE ENDOSCOPY: THERAPEUTIC IMPACT AND RESEARCH FOR PREDICTIVE FACTORS OF THERAPEUTIC YIELD IN IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA WITH OR WITHOUT OVERT DIGESTIVE BLEEDING". In ESGE Days. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1704622.
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Damani, Shivam, Devanshi N. Damani, Renisha Redij, Arshia K. Sethi, Pratyusha Muddaloor, Anoushka Kapoor, Anjali Rajagopal et al. "ON THE DESIGN OF A NOVEL PHONOENTEROGRAM SENSING DEVICE USING AI ASSISTED COMPUTER-AIDED AUSCULTATION". In 2023 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2023-7977.
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Abstract Bowel sounds have been previously used to study intestinal motility and overall digestive health in various clinical settings. However, the blurred definition of bowel sounds and their subtypes, limited resources for interpretation, poor sensitivity, and low positive predictive value led to their restricted utility. Recent advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning have steered interest in developing unique tools using the phonoenterogram to analyze diverse bowel sounds. In our study, bowel sounds were recorded from eight healthy volunteers using the Eko Duo stethoscope. A novel deep-learning algorithm was designed to classify the recordings into baseline or prominent bowel sounds. A total of 11,210 data points (5,605 balanced sounds) were used to train and test the model to yield an accuracy of 0.895, a precision of 0.890, and a recall of 0.854 reflecting successful segregation of these sounds into respective groups. More extensive studies enrolling healthy and diseased subjects with a device specifically tailored to record bowel sounds are needed to generalize these results and determine their application in the patient population.
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Tang, Raymond Shing-Yan, Yuan-Yuan Yu, Felix Sia, Kyle Hung-Kwan Ho e James Yun-Wong Lau. "IDDF2023-ABS-0018 Diagnostic yield of combined magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy and urea breath test versus esophagogastroduodenoscopy in patients with dyspepsia: a pilot prospective cohort study". In Abstracts of the International Digestive Disease Forum (IDDF), Hong Kong, 10–11 June 2023. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2023-iddf.163.
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Navarro, Marc Julius. "IDDF2019-ABS-0085 The yield of combined multichannel intraluminal impedance and PH monitoring (MII-pH monitoring) among patients with suspected refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease: a six-year experience in a multicenter, tertiary level hospitals in the philippines". In International Digestive Disease Forum (IDDF) 2019, Hong Kong, 8–9 June 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2019-iddfabstracts.139.
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Gupta, Mahesh Kumar. "IDDF2020-ABS-0039 To compare the tissue diagnostic yield of solid lesion biopsies based on the histopathological analysis of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS–FNA) samples produced by the 19g procore needle, standard 19g needle and 22g procore needle". In Abstracts of the International Digestive Disease Forum (IDDF), 22–23 November 2020, Hong Kong. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2020-iddf.48.
Texto completo da fonteRelatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Digestible yield"
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Pullammanappallil, Pratap, Haim Kalman e Jennifer Curtis. Investigation of particulate flow behavior in a continuous, high solids, leach-bed biogasification system. United States Department of Agriculture, janeiro de 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600038.bard.
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Recent concerns regarding global warming and energy security have accelerated research and developmental efforts to produce biofuels from agricultural and forestry residues, and energy crops. Anaerobic digestion is a promising process for producing biogas-biofuel from biomass feedstocks. However, there is a need for new reactor designs and operating considerations to process fibrous biomass feedstocks. In this research project, the multiphase flow behavior of biomass particles was investigated. The objective was accomplished through both simulation and experimentation. The simulations included both particle-level and bulk flow simulations. Successful computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of multiphase flow in the digester is dependent on the accuracy of constitutive models which describe (1) the particle phase stress due to particle interactions, (2) the particle phase dissipation due to inelastic interactions between particles and (3) the drag force between the fibres and the digester fluid. Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations of Homogeneous Cooling Systems (HCS) were used to develop a particle phase dissipation rate model for non-spherical particle systems that was incorporated in a two-fluid CFDmultiphase flow model framework. Two types of frictionless, elongated particle models were compared in the HCS simulations: glued-sphere and true cylinder. A new model for drag for elongated fibres was developed which depends on Reynolds number, solids fraction, and fibre aspect ratio. Schulze shear test results could be used to calibrate particle-particle friction for DEM simulations. Several experimental measurements were taken for biomass particles like olive pulp, orange peels, wheat straw, semolina, and wheat grains. Using a compression tester, the breakage force, breakage energy, yield force, elastic stiffness and Young’s modulus were measured. Measurements were made in a shear tester to determine unconfined yield stress, major principal stress, effective angle of internal friction and internal friction angle. A liquid fludized bed system was used to determine critical velocity of fluidization for these materials. Transport measurements for pneumatic conveying were also assessed. Anaerobic digestion experiments were conducted using orange peel waste, olive pulp and wheat straw. Orange peel waste and olive pulp could be anaerobically digested to produce high methane yields. Wheat straw was not digestible. In a packed bed reactor, anaerobic digestion was not initiated above bulk densities of 100 kg/m³ for peel waste and 75 kg/m³ for olive pulp. Interestingly, after the digestion has been initiated and balanced methanogenesis established, the decomposing biomass could be packed to higher densities and successfully digested. These observations provided useful insights for high throughput reactor designs. Another outcome from this project was the development of low cost devices to measure methane content of biogas for off-line (US$37), field (US$50), and online (US$107) applications.
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Huber, John Tal, Joshuah Miron, Brent Theurer, Israel Bruckental e Spencer Swingle. Influence of Ruminal Starch Degradability on Performance of High Producing Dairy Cows. United States Department of Agriculture, janeiro de 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568748.bard.
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This research project entitled "Influence of Ruminal Starch Degradability on Performance of High Producing Dairy Cows" had the following objectives: a) Determine effects of feeding varying amounts of ruminally degradable starch (RDS) on efficiency of milk and milk protein production; and 2) Investigate digestive and metabolic mechanisms relating to lactation responses to diets varying in ruminal and total starch degradability. Four lactation studies with high producing cows were conducted in which steam-flaked (~ 75% RDS) was compared with dry-rolled sorghum (~ 50% RDS) grain. All studies demonstrated increased efficiency of conversion of feed to milk (FCM/DMI) and milk protein as amount of RDS in the diet increased by feeding steam-flaked sorghum. As RDS in diets increased, either by increased steam-flaked sorghum, grinding of sorghum, or increasing the proportion of wheat to sorghum, so also did ruminal and total tract digestibilities of starch and neutral-detergent soluble (NDS) carbohydrate. Despite other research by these two groups of workers showing increased non-ammonia N (NAN) flowing from the rumen to the duodenum with higher RDS, only one of the present studies showed such an effect. Post-absorptive studies showed that higher dietary RDS resulted in greater urea recycling, more propionate absorption, a tendency for greater output of glucose by the liver, and increased uptake of alpha-amino nitrogen by the mammary gland. These studies have shown that processing sorghum grain through steam-flaking increases RDS and results in greater yields and efficiency of production of milk and milk protein in high producing dairy cows.
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Mizrach, Amos, Sydney L. Spahr, Ephraim Maltz, Michael R. Murphy, Zeev Schmilovitch, Jan E. Novakofski, Uri M. Peiper et al. Ultrasonic Body Condition Measurements for Computerized Dairy Management Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568109.bard.
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The body condition (BC) score is recognized in the dairy industry as an essential tool for managing the energy reserves of the dairy cow, which is essential for sustaining optimal and efficient production over several lactations. The current use of BC scoring depends on the accuracy of subjective visual estimates, and this limits its kusefulness as a management aid in the dairy industry. A measuring tool that would frequently provide objective data on the cow's body reserves would be a major contribution to efficient dairy herd management. Ultrasonic sensors have the potential to be developed into an efficient BC measuring device, and the experimental use of such sensors for subcutaneous fat thickness (SDFT) estimates, as an indication for BC in beef cattle, supports this assumption. The purposes of this project were: 1. To compare visual BC scoring and ultrasonic fat thickness with on-line automated body weight (BW) measurements as monitors of nutritional adequacy of dairy cows at various stages of lactation. 2. To determine the effects of variation in digestive fill in early and late lactation on the accuracy of body weight measurements in lactating cows. 3. To modify an existing ultrasonic system and develop a specialized, low-cost sensor for repeatable determination of body condition scores by users with minimal training and skill. 4. To develop a standard for the assignment of body condition scores based on ultrasonic measurements of subdermal fat thickness. The procedure to execute these objectives involved: 1. Frequent measurement of BW, milk yield (MY), BC (visually scored) and subdermal fat thickness ultrasonically measured of dairy cows, and data analysis on average and individual basis. 2. Testing and selection of an appropriate special-purpose sensor, finding an optimum body location for working an ultrasonic measurement, prcessing the signals obtained, and correlating the resulting measurements with performance responses in lactating cows. Linking the ultrasonic signals to BC scores, and developing a BC scoring data acquisition system are the first steps towards fulfilling the necessary requirements for incorporating this device into an existing dairy herd management system, in order to provide the industry with a powerful managment tool. From the results obtained we could conclude that: 1. BC does not correlate with BW changes during all stages of lactation, although in general terms it does. These results were confirmed by individual cow BW and BC data obtained during the course of lactation, that were supported by individual objective ultrasonic measurement of SDFT. 2. BW changes reflect energy metabolism reliably ony after peak milk yield; early in lactation, a decrease in BW expresses mobilization of body reserves only qualitatively, and not quantitatively. 3. Gastrointestinal content increases throughout the whole period during which dry matter intake (DMI) increases. The drastic increase very early in lactation prevents the use of BW changes as a basis for quantitative estimatio of energy meatabolism; at this stage of lactation, konly a BC score or any other direct measurements willl provide a quantitative estimate of energy metabolism. 4. Ultrasonic measurements of subdermal fat thickness can be used to quantify changes that correlate with the actual condition of the cow, as assessed by performance and the traditional way of scoring. 5. To find the best site on the cow's body at which to obtain responses to BC and its changes in the course of lactation, additional sites have to be examined. From the present study, it seems that the sites between ribs 12 and 13 have the potential for this purpose. 6. The use of templates made it easier to repeat measurements at a desired site and spot. However, the convenient easy-to-handle way to standardize the measurement, described in this study, koffers scope for improvement. 7. The RF peak values of the A-mode are better indicators of the location of fat layer borders than image analysis, from the point of view of future commercial development. 8. The distances between the RF peaks of the A-mode can be automatically measured by suitable software, for future commercial development. 9. Proper analysis of daily body weight and milk yield data can provide the necessary information on body condition changes during lactation, until a direct BC measurement device is developed. 10. In any case, at least one visual BC assessment has to be done, preferably immediately after calving, for calibration purposes.