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Barbot, Nicolas, Olivier Rance, and Etienne Perret. "Differential RCS of Modulated Tag." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 69, no. 9 (2021): 6128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2021.3060943.
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Nikitin, P. V., K. V. S. Rao, and R. D. Martinez. "Differential RCS of RFID tag." Electronics Letters 43, no. 8 (2007): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20070253.
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Gazina, Elena V., Jason M. Mackenzie, Rebecca J. Gorrell, and David A. Anderson. "Differential Requirements for COPI Coats in Formation of Replication Complexes among Three Genera of Picornaviridae." Journal of Virology 76, no. 21 (2002): 11113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.76.21.11113-11122.2002.
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ABSTRACT Picornavirus RNA replication requires the formation of replication complexes (RCs) consisting of virus-induced vesicles associated with viral nonstructural proteins and RNA. Brefeldin A (BFA) has been shown to strongly inhibit RNA replication of poliovirus but not of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV). Here, we demonstrate that the replication of parechovirus 1 (ParV1) is partly resistant to BFA, whereas echovirus 11 (EV11) replication is strongly inhibited. Since BFA inhibits COPI-dependent steps in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi transport, we tested a hypothesis that different picornaviruses may have differential requirements for COPI in the formation of their RCs. Using immunofluorescence and cryo-immunoelectron microscopy we examined the association of a COPI component, β-COP, with the RCs of EMCV, ParV1, and EV11. EMCV RCs did not contain β-COP. In contrast, β-COP appeared to be specifically distributed to the RCs of EV11. In ParV1-infected cells β-COP was largely dispersed throughout the cytoplasm, with some being present in the RCs. These results suggest that there are differences in the involvement of COPI in the formation of the RCs of various picornaviruses, corresponding to their differential sensitivity to BFA. EMCV RCs are likely to be formed immediately after vesicle budding from the ER, prior to COPI association with membranes. ParV1 RCs are formed from COPI-containing membranes but COPI is unlikely to be directly involved in their formation, whereas formation of EV11 RCs appears to be dependent on COPI association with membranes.
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Nishida, Takashi, Sho Akashi, Masaharu Takigawa, and Satoshi Kubota. "Effect of Angiotensin II on Chondrocyte Degeneration and Protection via Differential Usage of Angiotensin II Receptors." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 17 (2021): 9204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179204.
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The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) controls not only systemic functions, such as blood pressure, but also local tissue-specific events. Previous studies have shown that angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R) and type 2 (AT2R), two RAS components, are expressed in chondrocytes. However, the angiotensin II (ANG II) effects exerted through these receptors on chondrocyte metabolism are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of ANG II and AT1R blockade on chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. Firstly, we observed that ANG II significantly suppressed cell proliferation and glycosaminoglycan content in rat chondrocytic RCS cells. Additionally, ANG II decreased CCN2, which is an anabolic factor for chondrocytes, via increased MMP9. In Agtr1a-deficient RCS cells generated by the CRISPR-Cas9 system, Ccn2 and Aggrecan (Acan) expression increased. Losartan, an AT1R antagonist, blocked the ANG II-induced decrease in CCN2 production and Acan expression in RCS cells. These findings suggest that AT1R blockade reduces ANG II-induced chondrocyte degeneration. Interestingly, AT1R-positive cells, which were localized on the surface of the articular cartilage of 7-month-old mice expanded throughout the articular cartilage with aging. These findings suggest that ANG II regulates age-related cartilage degeneration through the ANG II–AT1R axis.
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Kamphuis, Jan H., Paul A. Arbisi, Yossef S. Ben-Porath, and John L. McNulty. "Detecting Comorbid Axis-II Status Among Inpatients Using the MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical Scales." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 24, no. 3 (2008): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.24.3.157.
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This study examined the differential diagnostic utility of the MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical Scales (RCS) and Clinical Scales (CS) in detecting a complex multivariate clinical phenomenon: that is, comorbid Axis-II status in two matched samples of inpatients. Psychiatric inpatients diagnosed with either substance use disorder (n = 43) or major depression (n = 49) were matched on age, sex, and clinical setting, and compared with patients with the same Axis-I disorder and a comorbid personality disorder. Presence or absence of a comorbid personality disorder was chosen to provide a potent test of the differential diagnostic utility of the RCS versus CS when using a highly complex, multivariate criterion variable. Using hierarchical logistic regression analyses, the RCS consistently demonstrated higher diagnostic utility. Moreover, the RCS profiles were significantly more focused and more readily interpretable, relative to the CS profiles that were remarkably similar across disorders. These findings provide further support for the diagnostic and clinical utility of the RCS.
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Li, Ming, Junqiang Bai, and Feng Qu. "Radar Cross Section Reduction and Shape Optimization using Adjoint Method and Automatic Differentiation." Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society 36, no. 3 (2021): 320–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.47037/2020.aces.j.360312.
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An efficient Radar Cross Section (RCS) gradient evaluation method based on the adjoint method is presented. The Method of Moments is employed to solve the Combined Field Integral Equation (CFIE) and the corresponding derivatives computing routines are generated by the program transformation Automatic Differentiation (AD) technique. The differential code is developed using three kinds of AD mode: tangent mode, multidirectional tangent mode, and adjoint mode. The differential code in adjoint mode is modified and optimized by changing the “two-sweeps” architecture into the “inner-loop two-sweeps” architecture. Their efficiency and memory consumption are tested and the differential code using modified adjoint mode demonstrates the great advantages in both efficiency and memory consumption. A gradient-based shape optimization design method is established using the adjoint method and the mechanism of RCS reduction is studied. The results show that the sharp leading can avoid the specular back-scattering and the undulations of the surface could change the phases which result in a further RCS reduction.
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Bel, Aurora, and Rut Benito. "Differential Object Marking in Structurally Complex Contexts in Spanish: Evidence from Bilingual and Monolingual Processing." Languages 9, no. 6 (2024): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages9060211.
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This study examines whether Differential Object Marking (DOM) realization and word order in relative clauses (RCs) in Spanish affect processing and interpretation among monolinguals and highly proficient Catalan–Spanish bilinguals. RCs are parallel in Catalan and Spanish, but DOM is much more restricted in Catalan than in Spanish, and, interestingly, the distinction between subject and object RCs relies mainly on the presence/absence of DOM. To examine DOM optionality, we concentrate on the top portion of the animacy scale and test the human/non-human contrast. Exploring these two populations allows us to test whether they resort to different strategies for the following three reasons: (1) bilingualism places an increased burden on memory processes); (2) the partial overlap between both DOM systems might lead to the influence from Catalan into Spanish); and (3) optionality has been proposed to characterize bilingual grammars). Findings from a word-by-word non-cumulative self-paced reading task showed that DOM modulates RC processing. With [+human] obligatorily marked objects, both monolinguals and bilinguals read subject RCs faster than object RCs, suggesting a strategy favoring subject RCs. However, monolinguals solved the interpretation early while processing but bilinguals, despite the more restricted DOM character of Catalan, are sensitive to DOM albeit displaying delayed spill-over effects. With [−human] optionally marked objects, bilinguals performed faster than monolinguals. We suggest that the uneven experience with DOM in Catalan, particularly with the non-standard variety that frequently displays DOM and that our bilinguals also speak in everyday conversations, facilitates bilinguals’ adaptation to the optional marking of non-human objects in Spanish, much in the same manner that they accommodate the presence or absence of DOM with both human and non-human objects in other native language.
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Sagarra, Nuria, Liliana Sánchez, and Aurora Bel. "Processing DOM in relative clauses." Representation and Processing in Bilingual Morphology 9, no. 1 (2017): 120–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lab.16020.sag.
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Abstract Early heritage bilinguals have been repeatedly found to differ from late bilinguals and from monolinguals (e.g., Montrul, 2008, 2011). In the realm of Spanish Differential Object Marking (DOM), both early heritage bilinguals (Montrul et al., 2015) and late bilinguals (e.g., Bowles & Montrul, 2008; Guijarro-Fuentes, 2012) exhibit difficulties. DOM in a complex structure such as relative clauses (RCs) provides an ideal setting to differentiate early from late bilinguals, but it has only been explored offline (Perpiñán & Moreno-Villar, 2013). This study fills this gap by examining the role of word order (SVO, OSV, OVS), optionality (obligatory vs. optional contexts), and saliency (bound vs. unbound morphology) on the processing of DOM in embedded RCs in Spanish, by Spanish monolinguals, and advanced early heritage and late bilinguals of Spanish. The results of a word-by-word non-cumulative self-paced reading task revealed that all participants were more accurate but were slower in subject than object RCs, and in OSV than OVS RCs. Slower RTs in subject RCs were due to the presence of DOM, and in OSV to interpreting OVS as SVO. Also, all participants were both more accurate as well as faster in obligatory than optional DOM, unbound than bound morphology, and masculine than feminine RC NPs. These findings reveal that processing difficulties in RCs result from the interaction of word order and DOM, and that processing DOM depends on both salience and, to a lesser extent, gender. Finally, this study shows that early heritage bilinguals are closer to monolinguals than late bilinguals in terms of morphosyntactic processing patterns.
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Zaman, Mohammad Asif, and Md Abdul Matin. "Radar Cross-Section Formulation of a Shell-Shaped Projectile Using Modified PO Analysis." Modelling and Simulation in Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/328321.
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A physical optics based method is presented for calculation of monostatic Radar Cross-Section (RCS) of a shell-shaped projectile. The projectile is modeled using differential geometry. The paper presents a detailed analysis procedure for RCS formulation using physical optics (PO) method. The shortcomings of the PO method in predicting accurate surface current density near the shadow boundaries are highlighted. A Fourier transform-based filtering method is proposed to remove the discontinuities in the approximated surface current density. The modified current density is used to formulate the scattered field and RCS. Numerical results are presented comparing the proposed method with conventional PO method. The results are also compared with published results of similar objects and found to be in good agreement.
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James, Jack E., Lina A. Ricciardelli, Peter Rogers, and Christine E. Hunter. "A Preliminary Analysis of the Ameliorative Effects of Time-out from Speaking on Stuttering." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 32, no. 3 (1989): 604–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3203.604.
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Relatively few attempts have been made to systematically examine the processes responsible for the ameliorative effects of response-contingent stimulation (RCS) on stuttering. It was hypothesized that the reductions in stuttering that frequently accompany RCS are the result of the stutterer being encouraged to access extant fluent speech that may not be fully evident during "contingency-free" (CF) conditions. A preliminary analysis of the hypothesis was conducted by monitoring RCS and CF stuttering frequency and speaking rate in 20 adult stutterers before, during, and after a program of fluency training. Subjects were divided into "high" and "low" responders on the basis of their baseline response to the RCS procedure of time-out from speaking, after which they participated in a 32-hour program of fluency training aimed at minimizing stuttering. After showing a degree of relapse during a subsequent 6-mon follow-up, high and low responders were found to be equally affected by time-out. This result contrasted the differential response shown by the two groups during the baseline phase, and is consistent with the hypothesis that improvements in fluency during RCS may occur when stutterers access extant fluent speech that is not otherwise being fully utilized.
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Chandra, Sourav, Mitsuhiro Hayashibe, Asokan Thondiyath, and Manickam Ramalingam. "Differential analysis of muscle fatigue induced elbow and wrist tremor in controlled laparoscopic manoeuvring." International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery 13, no. 3 (2016): e1772. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcs.1772.
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Pouzin, A., T. P. Vuong, S. Tedjini, M. Pouyet, and J. Perdereau. "Bench test for measurement of differential RCS of UHF RFID tags." Electronics Letters 46, no. 8 (2010): 590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2010.3488.
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Ahn, Hyunjin, Seung-Yeal Ha, and Jeongho Kim. "Nonrelativistic limits of the relativistic Cucker–Smale model and its kinetic counterpart." Journal of Mathematical Physics 63, no. 8 (2022): 082701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0070586.
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We present sufficient frameworks for the uniform-in-time nonrelativistic limits for the relativistic Cucker–Smale (RCS) model and the relativistic kinetic Cucker–Smale (RKCS) equation. For the RCS model, one can easily show that the difference between the solutions to the RCS model and the CS model can be bounded by a quantity proportional to the exponential of time and inversely proportional to some power of the speed of light via a standard Grönwall-type differential inequality. However, this finite-in-time nonrelativistic limit result cannot be used in a uniform-in-time estimate due to the exponential factor of lifespan of solution as it is. For the uniform-in-time nonrelativistic limit, we split the deviation functional between the relativistic solution and the nonrelativistic solution into two parts (finite-time interval and infinite-time interval). In the finite-time interval, the deviation functional is bounded by a finite-in-time nonrelativistic limit result, and then, after a finite time, we use asymptotic flocking estimates with the same asymptotic momentum-like quantity for the RCS model and the CS model to show that the deviation functional can be made as small as possible. In this manner, we can derive a uniform-in-time nonrelativistic limit for the RCS model. For the RKCS equation, we use a uniform-in-time mean-field limit in a measure theoretic framework and a uniform-in-time nonrelativistic limit result for the RCS model to derive a uniform-in-time nonrelativistic limit for the RKCS equation.
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Kudryashova, Elena, Stephanie Seveau, Wuyuan Lu, and Dmitri S. Kudryashov. "Retrocyclins neutralize bacterial toxins by potentiating their unfolding." Biochemical Journal 467, no. 2 (2015): 311–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20150049.
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Defensins are a class of immune peptides with a broad range of activities against bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens. Besides exerting direct anti-microbial activity via dis-organization of bacterial membranes, defensins are also able to neutralize various unrelated bacterial toxins. Recently, we have demonstrated that in the case of human α- and β-defensins, this later ability is achieved through exploiting toxins' marginal thermodynamic stability, i.e. defensins act as molecular anti-chaperones unfolding toxin molecules and exposing their hydrophobic regions and thus promoting toxin precipitation and inactivation [Kudryashova et al. (2014) Immunity 41, 709–721]. Retrocyclins (RCs) are humanized synthetic θ-defensin peptides that possess unique cyclic structure, differentiating them from α- and β-defensins. Importantly, RCs are more potent against some bacterial and viral pathogens and more stable than their linear counterparts. However, the mechanism of bacterial toxin inactivation by RCs is not known. In the present study, we demonstrate that RCs facilitate unfolding of bacterial toxins. Using differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF), limited proteolysis and collisional quenching of internal tryptophan fluorescence, we show that hydrophobic regions of toxins normally buried in the molecule interior become more exposed to solvents and accessible to proteolytic cleavage in the presence of RCs. The RC-induced unfolding of toxins led to their precipitation and abrogated activity. Toxin inactivation by RCs was strongly diminished under reducing conditions, but preserved at physiological salt and serum concentrations. Therefore, despite significant structural diversity, α-, β- and θ-defensins employ similar mechanisms of toxin inactivation, which may be shared by anti-microbial peptides from other families.
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Sofue, Y., H. Nakanishi, S. Onodera, J. Koda, and K. Kohno. "High-resolution CO Survey of Virgo Spirals at Nobeyama — Massive Cores inferred from Central Rotation Curves." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 220 (2004): 319–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900183500.
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We present the results of a high-resolution CO-line survey using the Nobeyama Millimeter-wave Array at high-angular (⋐ 2–3″) and high spectral resolutions for the 15 CO-richest Virgo spirals. We derived exact rotation curves using position-velocity diagrams by applying the iteration method. the obtained RCs rise steeply in the central 100 pc. Surface-mass-density distributions by direct deconvolution of the RCs show massive cores of ⋐ 109M⊙ within 100 pc, suggesting the existence of DM cusps in the centres. Five galaxies were found to nest single-peaked extremely high-density molecular cores, where star formation is currently suppressed by the high differential rotation. We show that the deeper is the gravitational potential, the higher is the central gas density.
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Rogov, Vladimir V., Kerstin Schmöe, Fank Löhr, Natalia Yu Rogova, Frank Bernhard, and Volker Dötsch. "Modulation of the Rcs-mediated signal transfer by conformational flexibility." Biochemical Society Transactions 36, no. 6 (2008): 1427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0361427.
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The Rcs (regulator of capsule synthesis) signalling complex comprises the membrane-associated hybrid sensor kinases RcsC and RcsD, the transcriptional regulator RcsB and the two co-inducers RcsA and RcsF. Acting as a global regulatory network, the Rcs phosphorelay controls multiple cellular pathways including capsule synthesis, cell division, motility, biofilm formation and virulence mechanisms. Signal-dependent communication of the individual Rcs domains showing histidine kinase, phosphoreceiver, phosphoryl transfer and DNA-binding activities is characteristic and essential for the modulation of signal transfer. We have analysed the structures of core elements of the Rcs network including the RcsC-PR (phosphoreceiver domain of RcsC) and the RcsD-HPt (histidine phosphotransfer domain of RcsD), and we have started to characterize the dynamics and recognition mechanisms of the proteins. RcsC-PR represents a typical CheY-like α/β/α sandwich fold and it shows a large conformational flexibility near the active-site residue Asp875. NMR analysis revealed that RcsC-PR is able to adopt preferred conformations upon Mg2+ co-ordination, BeF3− activation, phosphate binding and RcsD-HPt recognition. In contrast, the α-helical structure of RcsD-HPt is conformationally stable and contains a recognition area in close vicinity to the active-site His842 residue. Our studies indicate the importance of protein dynamics and conformational exchange for the differential response to the variety of signals perceived by complex regulatory networks.
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Field, Timothy R., and Simon Haykin. "Nonlinear Dynamics of Sea Clutter." International Journal of Navigation and Observation 2008 (November 10, 2008): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/863129.
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We review experimental evidence for the nonlinearity of sea clutter and the role of the z-parameter or Mann-Whitney rank-sum statistic in quantifying this nonlinear behavior in the context of a hybrid AM/FM model for sea clutter, viewed as a cyclostationary process. An independent theoretical derivation of the stochastic dynamics of radar scattering in a sea clutter environment, in terms of a pair of coupled stochastic differential equations for the received envelope and radar cross-section (RCS), enables the identification of nonlinearity in terms of the shape parameter for the RCS. We are led to conclude that, from both experimental and theoretical points of view, the dynamics of sea clutter are nonlinear with a consistent degree of nonlinearity that is determined by the sea state.
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García-Estrada, Héctor, Karen-Jazmín Mendoza-Bautista, Angelo Pastrana-Manzanero, Omar-Alejandro Linares-Escobar, María-Guadalupe Ramírez-Sotelo, and Agustín-Ignacio Cabrera-Llanos. "Differential Neural Network Online for Identification of an Electrocardiographic Signal." Research in Computing Science 147, no. 12 (2018): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.13053/rcs-147-12-4.
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Kim, Yunmi, A. Alia, Patrick Kurle-Tucholski, Christian Wiebeler, and Jörg Matysik. "Electronic Structures of Radical-Pair-Forming Cofactors in a Heliobacterial Reaction Center." Molecules 29, no. 5 (2024): 1021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29051021.
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Photosynthetic reaction centers (RCs) are membrane proteins converting photonic excitations into electric gradients. The heliobacterial RCs (HbRCs) are assumed to be the precursors of all known RCs, making them a compelling subject for investigating structural and functional relationships. A comprehensive picture of the electronic structure of the HbRCs is still missing. In this work, the combination of selective isotope labelling of 13C and 15N nuclei and the utilization of photo-CIDNP MAS NMR (photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance) allows for highly enhanced signals from the radical-pair-forming cofactors. The remarkable magnetic-field dependence of the solid-state photo-CIDNP effect allows for observation of positive signals of the electron donor cofactor at 4.7 T, which is interpreted in terms of a dominant contribution of the differential relaxation (DR) mechanism. Conversely, at 9.4 T, the emissive signals mainly originate from the electron acceptor, due to the strong activation of the three-spin mixing (TSM) mechanism. Consequently, we have utilized two-dimensional homonuclear photo-CIDNP MAS NMR at both 4.7 T and 9.4 T. These findings from experimental investigations are corroborated by calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). This allows us to present a comprehensive investigation of the electronic structure of the cofactors involved in electron transfer (ET).
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Wang, Wentao, Shuxi Gong, Xing Wang, Ying Guan, and Wen Jiang. "Differential Evolution Algorithm and Method of Moments for the Design of Low-RCS Antenna." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 9 (2010): 295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2010.2047837.
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Li, Yu, and Vincent K. Tsiagbe. "Failure of vSAg29-responsive CD4+CD25+ Treg cells to inhibit CD4+CD25− T cells resides in their differential regulation of cytokine, chemokine and toll-like receptor family genes (50.1)." Journal of Immunology 178, no. 1_Supplement (2007): S90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.50.1.
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Abstract Endogenous mammary tumor virus (Mtv29)-encoded superantigen (vSAg29) mediates “reverse immune surveillance” that characterizes SJL lymphoma (RCS) development. CD4+Vβ16+ vSAg29-responsive T cells provide growth factors (notably IL-5 and IL-4) for RCS growth. The vSAg29-responsive CD4+ T cells belong to both CD4+CD25+ (Treg) and CD4+CD25− (non-Treg) populations. Unlike the known inhibitory ability of Treg cell on non-Treg cell responses to nominal antigens, Treg cells responding to vSAg29 fail to inhibit response of vSAg29-responsive non-Treg cells. This unique behavior of vSAg29-responsive T cells was found to be linked to their differential expression of cytokine, chemokine and toll-like receptor family genes. Treg cells responding to vSAg29 significantly inhibited the production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IFN-γ, CCR4, CCL17, TOLLIP, UBE2N, NFKBIB, by CD4+CD25− cells. On the other hand, the addition of CD4+ Treg cells to non-Treg cells responding to vSAg29, resulted in enhanced production of mRNA for MIF, IL-10R, BCL6, CXCL4 (PF4), MAPK8 (JNK1), UBE2V1. Research funded by CA10273 from NCI.
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Arias, Dianne, Yaima Filiberto, and Rafael Bello. "Method of Generating Contexts Based on Self-adaptive Differential Particle Swarm Using Local Topology for Multimodal Optimization in the Case of Multigranulation." Research in Computing Science 147, no. 10 (2018): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.13053/rcs-147-10-2.
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Eckhert, Curtis D. "Differential Effects of Riboflavin and RRR-α-Tocopheryl Acetate on the Survival of Newborn RCS Rats with Inheritable Retinal Degeneration". Journal of Nutrition 117, № 1 (1987): 208–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/117.1.208.
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Volosov, Viktor, and Vladimir Shevchenko. "MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF ANGULAR MOTION OF SPACE VEHICLES AND THEIR USE IN ORIENTATION CONTROL PROBLEMS." Journal of Automation and Information sciences 5 (September 1, 2021): 124–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.34229/1028-0979-2021-5-10.
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A general structure of the kinematic equations for attitude evolution of a spacecraft (SC) (coordinate system associated with a spacecraft (SCS)) relative to the reference coordinate system (RCS) is proposed. It is assumed that the origins of the coordinate systems coincide and are located at an arbitrary point of the spacecraft. Each of the coordinate systems rotates at an arbitrary absolute angular velocity (relative to the inertial space) specified by the projections on their axes. Attitude parameters can be the Euler–Krylov angles, Rodrigues–Hamilton parameters, and modified Rodrigues parameters. It is shown that the well-known representations of the attitude evolution equations of the SCS relative to the RCS using the Rodrigues-Hamilton parameters (components of normalized quaternions) can be simply obtained from the solution of the Erugin problem of finding the entire set of differential equations with a given integral of motion. The advantages and disadvantages of use for each of the specified attitude parameters are considered. A method of attitude control synthesis is proposed which is common for all these equations and based on the decomposition of the original problem into kinematic and dynamic ones and the use of well-known generalizations of the direct Lyapunov method for their solution. The property of structural roughness according to Andronov–Pontryagin [27–29] of the obtained algorithm is illustrated with the help of computer simulation. Particularly, a specific example illustrates the possibility for even a structurally simplified algorithm of stabilizing a specified constant spacecraft attitude to track the program of its change with sufficient accuracy. The tracking task is typical for the control of spacecraft docking, spacecraft de-orbiting, and performing route surveys of the Earth's surface.
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Ullmann, Sarah R., Franziska Karras, Julian Schreier, et al. "Abstract 5057: microRNA profiling in combination with whole exome sequencing reveals insights into long-term recurrence patterns in chordoma." Cancer Research 84, no. 6_Supplement (2024): 5057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-5057.
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Abstract While few studies on miRNA profiling in primary chordomas have been published, there is no data on the miRNA landscape of long-term recurrences. Therefore, we performed a miRNA analysis and whole exome sequencing (WES) investigating four patients with multiple recurrences over seven to 16 years and eight patients with non-recurrent tumors (NRTs), conventional, sacral chordomas in order to compare both groups as well as the recurrence cases (RCs) to each other. Our aim was to find typical miRNA patterns distinguishing the recurrences from the NRTs. After histopathological classification, immunohistochemical and morphometric analysis, DNA and miRNA were extracted from formalin-fixed-paraffin-embedded tissue samples and analyzed by WES and Nanostring. The microRNA regulation patterns showed similarities within RCs differing from NRTs. In unsupervised clustering there is a tendency of recurrences clustering apart from the NRTs. The differential expression between cases developing recurrences and NRTs showed highly significant differences between both groups with 32 miRNAs upregulated in the RCs being downregulated in NRTs. The miRNA expression of long-term recurrences of each patient are quite homogenous differing only from their primary tumor. Comparing NRTs with primary tumors that would later develop long-term recurrences showed significant up-regulation of 5 miRNAs in the RCs. This suggests a pivotal molecular difference between singular and long-term recurring chordomas. Our WES analysis confirmed known and revealed possible new driver genes. Recurring tumors had a higher number of mutations classified as pathogenic as well as increased proliferation rates and pleomorphic changes. Recurrences displayed a change in mutational distribution, showing considerably more disturbances in embryonic signaling and our proposed driver genes. Intriguingly, our study found a progress in number of alterations throughout the recurrences most of all affecting chromatin regulation and the new drivers. Less disruption of these pathways in primary cases than in recurrences implies their pivotal role not only in chordoma formation, but also in recurrence evolution. The miRNA alterations were correlated with the genomic differences. Validated affected genes of miRNAs deregulated primarily in the recurrences are involved in those pathways as well. As current targeted therapy options are only sporadically altered in few patients, the progress in number of pathogenic mutations throughout the recurrences as well as the drastic change in miRNA expression could present new research approaches for chordomas with long-term recurrences. Combined clinical and molecular studies of miRNA patterns and genetic alterations could expand the understanding of recurrence development leading to new therapeutic targets inhibiting or delaying recurrence formation. Citation Format: Sarah R. Ullmann, Franziska Karras, Julian Schreier, Kerstin Körber-Ferl, David A. Ullmann, Sabine Franke, Albert Roessner, Dörthe Jechorek. microRNA profiling in combination with whole exome sequencing reveals insights into long-term recurrence patterns in chordoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 5057.
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Wu, Guanghua, Yawen Liu, and Bo Zhang. "A conformal symplectic multi-resolution time-domain method with ADE-PML." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 66, no. 4 (2021): 635–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jae-201597.
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In this paper, the conformal finite-difference time-domain (CFDTD) technique and the concept of effective dielectric constant are applied to symplectic multi-resolution time-domain (SMRTD) algorithm based on Daubechies scaling functions, resulting in a conformal SMRTD (C-SMRTD) method. Moreover, a novel implementation of perfect matched layer with auxiliary differential equation (ADE-PML) is presented for the SMRTD method. Numerical results of the radar cross section (RCS) of a dielectric sphere verify the effectiveness of the C-SMRTD method, which shows good agreement with the results derived by analytical methods. It is also shown that the accuracy of the C-SMRTD method has been significantly improved compared with the MRTD method with step approximation, and the proposed method has an advantage over CFDTD at saving the CPU time and memory. Furthermore, a vault-top tunnel model is established with the proposed method, and the characteristic of the field cross-section distribution of the electromagnetic pulse (EMP) propagation in the tunnel model is also presented and discussed.
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Kobzeva, Anastasia, Charlotte Sant, Parker T. Robbins, Myrte Vos, Terje Lohndal, and Dave Kush. "Comparing Island Effects for Different Dependency Types in Norwegian." Languages 7, no. 3 (2022): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages7030197.
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Recent research suggests that island effects may vary as a function of dependency type, potentially challenging accounts that treat island effects as reflecting uniform constraints on all filler-gap dependency formation. Some authors argue that cross-dependency variation is more readily accounted for by discourse-functional constraints that take into account the discourse status of both the filler and the constituent containing the gap. We ran a judgment study that tested the acceptability of wh-extraction and relativization from nominal subjects, embedded questions (EQs), conditional adjuncts, and existential relative clauses (RCs) in Norwegian. The study had two goals: (i) to systematically investigate cross-dependency variation from various constituent types and (ii) to evaluate the results against the predictions of the Focus Background Conflict constraint (FBCC). Overall we find some evidence for cross-dependency differences across extraction environments. Most notably wh-extraction from EQs and conditional adjuncts yields small but statistically significant island effects, but relativization does not. The differential island effects are potentially consistent with the predictions of the FBCC, but we discuss challenges the FBCC faces in explaining finer-grained judgment patterns.
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Du, Wenchao, Jianhui Wang, Ruidong Wang, Xingning Jia, Guoche Qin, and Chunshu Li. "Identification of Control Parameters Using Taguchi Method for Hybrid Real-Binary Differential Evolution Algorithm and Its Applications in Electromagnetic Optimization." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2023 (December 22, 2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/5171453.
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The hybrid real-binary differential evolution (HDE) algorithm has been proficient in addressing electromagnetic optimization problems (EOPs) involving both real and binary variables. However, its optimization performance on different control parameter (CP) settings is not further studied, and the method to determine the values of CPs is more likely to use the trial-and-error method, which lacks universality on both unimodal and multimodal benchmarks. To completely account for the effect of CPs in HDE, the Taguchi method is utilized to identify the values of each CP. The orthogonal experiment result is the average rank of the mean values of 23 benchmark functions obtained by HDE and other classic optimization algorithms. Based on the analysis of variance results, three CPs that have a major effect on the performance of HDE are selected, and each of them is changed from level 1 to level 5 to further obtain the best combination of CPs, which is indicated as HDEN1. To further enhance the local search ability of HDEN1 for the global best, a modified algorithm (HDEN2) is proposed based on a novel mutation strategy selection method, and the simulation results demonstrate that the minimum values obtained by HDEN2 are smaller than those obtained by HDEN1. Two EOPs, including planar microwave absorber and Yagi-Uda antenna designs, are solved to validate the performance of HDEN1 and HDEN2. The results reveal that the HDEN1 and HDEN2 outperform HDE, demonstrating the efficacy of the proposed method for identifying the CPs of HDE. In the end, a low profile and wideband RCS reduction pixelated checkboard metasurface is optimized utilizing the HDEN2, proving that the proposed algorithm can be a good candidate for hybrid real-binary electromagnetic problems.
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Hornsby, Christopher D., Cynthia Cohen, Mahul B. Amin, et al. "Claudin-7 Immunohistochemistry in Renal Tumors: A Candidate Marker for Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma Identified by Gene Expression Profiling." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 131, no. 10 (2007): 1541–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2007-131-1541-ciirta.
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Abstract Context.—The differential diagnosis of eosinophilic renal tumors can be difficult by light microscopy. In particular, chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is difficult to distinguish from oncocytoma. This differential diagnosis is important because chromophobe RCC is malignant, whereas oncocytoma is benign. Furthermore, chromophobe RCC has distinct malignant potential and prognosis compared with eosinophilic variants of other RCC subtypes. Immunohistochemistry is useful for distinguishing chromophobe RCC from other subtypes of renal carcinoma, but no expression marker reliably separates chromophobe RCC from oncocytoma. Objective.—In a previous gene expression microarray analysis of renal tumor subtypes, we found the distal nephron markers claudin-7 and claudin-8 to be overexpressed in chromophobe RCC versus oncocytoma and other tumor subtypes. We have confirmed similar findings in independent microarray data and validated differential claudin-7 protein expression by immunohistochemistry. Design.—Immunohistochemical analysis of claudin-7 in 36 chromophobe RCCs, 43 oncocytomas, 42 clear cell RCCs, and 29 papillary RCCs. Results.—Membranous claudin-7 expression was detected in 67% chromophobe RCCs, compared with 0% clear cell RCCs, 28% papillary RCCs, and 26% oncocytomas (P < .001). Conclusions.—Based on microarray and immunohistochemical data, we propose claudin-7 to be a candidate expression marker for distinguishing chromophobe RCC from other renal tumor subtypes, including the morphologically similar oncocytoma. The clinical utility of claudin-7 should be validated in independent studies of renal tumors, possibly in combination with additional targets in a multiplex immunohistochemical panel.
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Hall, Jeremy, Rafael Picorel, Nicholas Cox, Robin Purchase, and Elmars Krausz. "New Perspectives on Photosystem II Reaction Centres." Australian Journal of Chemistry 73, no. 8 (2020): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch19478.
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We apply the differential optical spectroscopy techniques of circular polarisation of luminescence (CPL) and magnetic CPL (MCPL) to the study of isolated reaction centres (RCs) of photosystem II (PS II). The data and subsequent analysis provide insights into aspects of the RC chromophore site energies, exciton couplings, and heterogeneities. CPL measurements are able to identify weak luminescence associated with the unbound chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) present in the sample. The overall sign and magnitude of the CPL observed relates well to the circular dichroism (CD) of the sample. Both CD and CPL are reasonably consistent with modelling of the RC exciton structure. The MCPL observed for the free Chl-a luminescence component in the RC samples is also easily understandable, but the MCPL seen near 680nm at 1.8K is anomalous, appearing to have a narrow, strongly negative component. A negative sign is inconsistent with MCPL of (exciton coupled) Qy states of either Chl-a or pheophytin-a (Pheo-a). We propose that this anomaly may arise as a result of the luminescence from a transient excited state species created following photo-induced charge separation within the RC. A comparison of CD spectra and modelling of RC preparations having a different number of pigments suggests that the non-conservative nature of the CD spectra observed is associated with the ‘special pair’ pigments PD1 and PD2.
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Lee, Shin, Negoro Eiju, Morishita Tetsuji, et al. "The Effect of Diagnostic Wait Time on the Survival of Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Differs Depending on International Prognostic Index." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (2019): 2902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-121527.
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Background Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of NHL featured by rapid progression. Given its rapid progression, prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential for achieving long-term survival in DLBCL. In solid cancers, it is known that prolonging diagnostic wait time (DWT), interval from diagnosis to initiation of treatment, could result in stage progression and a worse survival. In DLBCL patients, a prolonged DWT is also expected to be associated with a worse survival, however, little is known about this issue. The purpose of this investigation was to verify the impact of DWT on survival in DLBCL patients using a Cox hazards model with restricted cubic spline (RCS) because this model was more suitable to reflect real-world clinical practice than the linear model. It has been reported a possible association between the International Prognostic Index (IPI) and prognosis, hence the Cox hazards model with RCS was used to examine the differential effects of IPI on survival in association with DWT. Methods We conducted a single center, retrospective study of all consecutive patients seen from 2007 to 2017 at our Hospital. The inclusion criteria were newly diagnosed de novo DLBCL, aged 18 years and older, and treated with standard therapies. We define the standard regimens as R-CHOP [rituximab (RTX), cyclophosphamide (CPA), adriamycin, vincristine (VCR), and prednisolone (PSL)] and R-THP-COP (RTX, CPA, tetrahydropyranyl adriamycin, VCR, and PSL). The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Exclusion criteria were central nerve system involvement, transformed DLBCL, and receiving non-standard therapies. Furthermore, the subgroup analysis according to IPI was performed. Results Among 179 patients, the median age was 72 (27 - 91) years, the median DWT was 39.5 (0 - 223) days and 53.9% patients had IPI ≥3, the median follow-up time was 29.2 (0.03 - 137.6) months, and 59 (31.3%) patients died during the follow-up period. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model for OS showed DWT was not associated with worse OS in the entire study population. However, the Cox hazards model with RCS in the all study population revealed that there was nearly U-shaped association between DWT and OS. The Cox hazards model with RCS for each group depending on IPI score (0-5) showed the effect between DWT and OS differed by IPI. The mortality risk increased proportionally as DWT was prolonged in three groups with IPI 3 to 5, but rather negative correlations were seen between in three groups with IPI 0 to 2. Opposite tendencies between IPI ≥3 and <3 groups cancelled each other and resulted in ineffectiveness of DWT for OS of entire DLBCL population. Discussion These results demonstrated that the impact of DWT on OS differed depending on the IPI, while DWT did not affect OS of the entire DLBCL patients. DWT steadily increased the risk of mortality in IPI ≥3 group. On the other hand, in IPI <3 group, there was a certain patient population with a high mortality risk despite immediate diagnosis probably because of more aggressive clinical features such as testis or ovary involvement, retroperitoneal involvement, bone marrow involvement, and spleen involvement. At present, DLBCL is considered to be not a single disease entity, but rather a clinically heterogeneous disease not only in terms of genetics but also aggressiveness of progression and prognosis. The patient who already had IPI >3 at the initial visit should be expedited the diagnosis if there was suspicious of DLBCL, because DWT is a critical predictor determining prognosis in such patients. Moreover, in suspected DLBCL cases, computed tomography, positron emission tomography contributing to identify the IPI, and bone marrow biopsy might be needed immediately when the definitive IPI is uncertain at the initial visit. Conclusions In conclusion, DWT did not associate with survival of entire DLBCL patients who treated with standard therapies, but the impact of DWT on survival differed depending on IPI. Especially in patients with IPI ≥3 at the diagnosis, steadily increased mortality risk was observed. Disclosures Yamauchi: Astellas, AbbVie: Consultancy; Pfizer, Chugai, Teijin, Solasia: Research Funding.
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Novacescu, Dorin, Bogdan Ovidiu Feciche, Alin Adrian Cumpanas, et al. "Contemporary Clinical Definitions, Differential Diagnosis, and Novel Predictive Tools for Renal Cell Carcinoma." Biomedicines 10, no. 11 (2022): 2926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10112926.
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Despite significant progress regarding clinical detection/imaging evaluation modalities and genetic/molecular characterization of pathogenesis, advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains an incurable disease and overall RCC mortality has been steadily rising for decades. Concomitantly, clinical definitions have been greatly nuanced and refined. RCCs are currently viewed as a heterogeneous series of cancers, with the same anatomical origin, but fundamentally different metabolisms and clinical behaviors. Thus, RCC pathological diagnosis/subtyping guidelines have become increasingly intricate and cumbersome, routinely requiring ancillary studies, mainly immunohistochemistry. Meanwhile, RCC-associated-antigen targeted systemic therapy has been greatly diversified and emerging, novel clinical applications for RCC immunotherapy have already reported significant survival benefits, at least in the adjuvant setting. Even so, systemically disseminated RCCs still associate very poor clinical outcomes, with currently available therapeutic modalities only being able to prolong survival. In lack of a definitive cure for advanced RCCs, integration of the amounting scientific knowledge regarding RCC pathogenesis into RCC clinical management has been paramount for improving patient outcomes. The current review aims to offer an integrative perspective regarding contemporary RCC clinical definitions, proper RCC clinical work-up at initial diagnosis (semiology and multimodal imaging), RCC pathological evaluation, differential diagnosis/subtyping protocols, and novel clinical tools for RCC screening, risk stratification and therapeutic response prediction.
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Faus-Llácer, Vicente, Mauricio Luna-Roa, Ignacio Faus-Matoses, et al. "Comparative Analysis of the Smear Layer Removal Capability between EndoVac and Endoactivator Endodontic Irrigation Systems at the Root Canal System and Isthmus: A Micro-Computed Tomography Analysis." Applied Sciences 10, no. 20 (2020): 7033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10207033.
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The aim of this comparative study is to analyze the efficacy of EndoVac and Endoactivator endodontic irrigation systems for removing the endodontic smear layer present in the coronal, middle, and apical root third of the root canal system (RCS) and the isthmus from mesial roots from the first lower molar teeth using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis. The study was performed on 40 mesial roots that were randomly assigned to the following groups: Group A, EndoVac endodontic irrigation system (EV) (n = 10); Group B, Endoactivator endodontic irrigation system (EA) (n = 10); Group C, Root canal systems performed with F2 ProTaper Gold endodontic rotary system but not irrigated (Positive control) (n = 10); Group D, Root canal systems not performed or irrigated (Negative control) (n = 10). The samples were exposed to micro-CT analysis and the mesial roots were segmented using an advanced image segmentation technique based on partial differential equations (ROI: 10 × 10 × 10 mm) and the root canal systems and isthmus were reconstructed at a resolution of 25 microns per voxel. The EA study group showed statistically significant different residual endodontic smear layer volume (0.48 ± 0.24 mm3) compared to the EV study group (0.18 ± 0.15 mm3) (p = 0.016). The EV endodontic irrigation system performed a higher smear layer removal at coronal and middle root thirds, compared to the EA endodontic irrigation system; however, the EA endodontic irrigation system performed a higher smear layer removal at the apical root third, compared to the EV endodontic irrigation system.
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Sun, Haoyu, Jiajie Wang, Yiping Han, et al. "Backward Scattering Characteristics of a Reentry Vehicle Enveloped by a Hypersonic Flow Field." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2018 (August 19, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5478580.
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The hypersonic flow field around a reentry vehicle has a significant influence on the ground-vehicle communication as well as on the detection and recognition of the reentry vehicle. Backward scattering characteristics of a reentry vehicle enveloped by a hypersonic flow field are analyzed using a high-order auxiliary differential equation finite difference time-domain (ADE-FDTD) method in this paper. Flow field parameters, including electron density, neutral particle density, and temperature, are obtained by solving the Navier-Stokes (NS) equations numerically. According to the flow field parameters, distributions of the plasma frequency and the collision frequency are then derived. Based on a validity of the physical model and the high-order ADE-FDTD method, backward radar cross sections (RCSs) of a perfect electrical conductor (PEC) sphere enveloped by a hypersonic flow field under different Mach numbers, heights, and incident angles of the electromagnetic (EM) wave are then investigated. Numerical results show that the incident angle of the EM wave exerts noticeable effects on the backward RCS, which is due to an inhomogeneous distribution of the plasma. The flight height and Mach number have significant influences on the distribution of the plasma that they play an important role in the variation of the RCSs. The results presented in this paper provide useful reference data for practical tests in ballistic range or in the high-frequency plasma wind tunnels, where a sphere target is usually used due to its simple shape.
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PRIFTI, Pirro. "Refractory Shock. Casuistics." Medicus 5, no. 2 (2021): 49–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.58944/vlww4764.
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Shock Syndrome is an acute progressive circulatory insufficiency where the Heart is unable to circulate the blood in time unit, for supplying with O2 to the cells and to take out from them CO2 and other final and intermediate toxic metabolites. Shock is acute inadequate organ perfusion to meet the tissue’s oxygenation demand. Shock means: an Acute suffering of cells and organ`s tissues of organism. The term refractory shock is applied when, in spite of apparently adequate therapy, the shock state continues. There are three types of refractory shock: Refractory (or Irreversible) shock, Refractory (Septic) shock, Refractory (Cardiogenic) shock (RCS). Diagnosis Evaluation should focus on the identification of the primary cause and reversible secondary contributors, such as hypovolemia, pump failure, or obstruction that is causing shock. Differential diagnosis must be done with: septic shock, vasodilatory shock and cardiogenic shock. Treatment Coronary PP > 50 mm Hg, Improve myocardial function, C.I. < 3.5 is a risk factor, 2.5 may be sufficient. Fluids first, then cautious pressors. Remember aortic DIASTOLIC pressures drives coronary perfusion (DBP-PAOP = Coronary Perfusion Pressure) .If inotropes and vasopressors fail, intra-aortic balloon pump Temporary circulatory support with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Sol. natrium bicarbonat 8.4% (PH ≤7.2). Recomandation Refractory shock which is mainly caused by cardiogenic shock and Septic shock are severe conditions that cause increased mortality in patients with such conditions. Advances in the treatment of these serious conditions have enabled the healing of these patients and the relative reduction of Mortality.
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Patraki, E., and M. R. Cardillo. "Quantitative Immunohistochemical Analysis of Matrilysin 1 (MMP-7) in Various Renal Cell Carcinoma Subtypes." International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology 20, no. 4 (2007): 697–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039463200702000405.
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The role of matrilysin 1 or matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) in cancer is extremely complex and poorly understood. In this study we investigated differential expression of MMP-7 in the epithelium and stroma of 95 paraffin-embedded renal tumor samples by immunohistochemistry and compared tumoral with normal peritumoral renal tissue. We also determined a possible correlation of the immunohistochemical findings with histological subtype, tumor grade and stage of RCC. In all areas examined MMP-7 protein expression was significantly higher in epithelium than in stroma (P<.01). MMP-7 was more less expressed in peritumoral normal areas than in benign epithelial neoplasias (renal papillary and oncocytomas) and RCC carcinomas, reaching the highest immunopositive reaction in chromophobe RCC subtypes, followed by conventional clear-cell and chromophilic-papillary RCC histological subtypes and the lowest levels in more aggressive RCC histotypes (spindle-cell and collecting-duct RCCs). MMP-7 reached their highest levels in high-grade and high-stage RCCs. Our observation suggests an important role of MMP-7 in the development and progression of renal cancer. The differential expression of MMP-7 in the various histological RCC subtypes may reflect the malignant phenotype and more aggressive behavior of RCCs.
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Bogenhagen, Daniel F., and John D. Haley. "Pulse-chase SILAC–based analyses reveal selective oversynthesis and rapid turnover of mitochondrial protein components of respiratory complexes." Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, no. 9 (2020): 2544–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra119.011791.
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Mammalian mitochondria assemble four complexes of the respiratory chain (RCI, RCIII, RCIV, and RCV) by combining 13 polypeptides synthesized within mitochondria on mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) with over 70 polypeptides encoded in nuclear DNA, translated on cytoplasmic ribosomes, and imported into mitochondria. We have previously observed that mitoribosome assembly is inefficient because some mitoribosomal proteins are produced in excess, but whether this is the case for other mitochondrial assemblies such as the RCs is unclear. We report here that pulse-chase stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) is a valuable technique to study RC assembly because it can reveal considerable differences in the assembly rates and efficiencies of the different complexes. The SILAC analyses of HeLa cells indicated that assembly of RCV, comprising F1/Fo-ATPase, is rapid with little excess subunit synthesis, but that assembly of RCI (i.e. NADH dehydrogenase) is far less efficient, with dramatic oversynthesis of numerous proteins, particularly in the matrix-exposed N and Q domains. Unassembled subunits were generally degraded within 3 h. We also observed differential assembly kinetics for individual complexes that were immunoprecipitated with complex-specific antibodies. Immunoprecipitation with an antibody that recognizes the ND1 subunit of RCI co-precipitated a number of proteins implicated in FeS cluster assembly and newly synthesized ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase Rieske iron-sulfur polypeptide 1 (UQCRFS1), the Rieske FeS protein in RCIII, reflecting some coordination between RCI and RCIII assemblies. We propose that pulse-chase SILAC labeling is a useful tool for studying rates of protein complex assembly and degradation.
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Yang, Shi-Di, Meng-Zong Chen, Deng-Feng Yang, Shao-Bo Hu, and Dong-Dong Zheng. "IL-6 significantly correlated with the prognosis in low-grade glioma and the mediating effect of immune microenvironment." Medicine 103, no. 19 (2024): e38091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000038091.
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To screen immune-related prognostic biomarkers in low-grade glioma (LGG), and reveal the potential regulatory mechanism. The differential expressed genes (DEGs) between alive and dead patients were initially identified, then the key common genes between DEGs and immune-related genes were obtained. Regarding the key DEGs associated with the overall survival (OS), their clinical value was assessed by Kaplan–Meier, RCS, logistic regression, ROC, and decision curve analysis methods. We also assessed the role of immune infiltration on the association between key DEGs and OS. All the analyses were based on the TGCA-LGG data. Finally, we conducted the molecular docking analysis to explore the targeting binding of key DEGs with the therapeutic agents in LGG. Among 146 DEGs, only interleukin-6 (IL-6) was finally screened as an immune-related biomarker. High expression of IL-6 significantly correlated with poor OS time (all P < .05), showing a linear relationship. The combination of IL-6 with IDH1 mutation had the most favorable prediction performance on survival status and they achieved a good clinical net benefit. Next, we found a significant relationship between IL-6 and immune microenvironment score, and the immune microenvironment played a mediating effect on the association of IL-6 with survival (all P < .05). Detailly, IL-6 was positively related to M1 macrophage infiltration abundance and its biomarkers (all P < .05). Finally, we obtained 4 therapeutic agents in LGG targeting IL-6, and their targeting binding relationships were all verified. IL6, as an immune-related biomarker, was associated with the prognosis in LGG, and it can be a therapeutic target in LGG.
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Pobeguts, Olga V., Maria A. Galyamina, Elena V. Mikhalchik, et al. "The Role of Propionate-Induced Rearrangement of Membrane Proteins in the Formation of the Virulent Phenotype of Crohn’s Disease-Associated Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 18 (2024): 10118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms251810118.
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Adhesive-invasive E. coli has been suggested to be associated with the development of Crohn’s disease (CD). It is assumed that they can provoke the onset of the inflammatory process as a result of the invasion of intestinal epithelial cells and then, due to survival inside macrophages and dendritic cells, stimulate chronic inflammation. In previous reports, we have shown that passage of the CD isolate ZvL2 on minimal medium M9 supplemented with sodium propionate (PA) as a carbon source stimulates and inhibits the adherent-invasive properties and the ability to survive in macrophages. This effect was reversible and not observed for the laboratory strain K12 MG1655. We were able to compare the isogenic strain AIEC in two phenotypes—virulent (ZvL2-PA) and non-virulent (ZvL2-GLU). Unlike ZvL2-GLU, ZvL2-PA activates the production of ROS and cytokines when interacting with neutrophils. The laboratory strain does not cause a similar effect. To activate neutrophils, bacterial opsonization is necessary. Differences in neutrophil NADH oxidase activation and ζ-potential for ZvL2-GLU and ZvL2-PA are associated with changes in membrane protein abundance, as demonstrated by differential 2D electrophoresis and LC-MS. The increase in ROS and cytokine production during the interaction of ZvL2-PA with neutrophils is associated with a rearrangement of the abundance of membrane proteins, which leads to the activation of Rcs and PhoP/Q signaling pathways and changes in the composition and/or modification of LPS. Certain isoforms of OmpA may play a role in the formation of the virulent phenotype of ZvL2-PA and participate in the activation of NADPH oxidase in neutrophils.
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Ozgur, Rengin, Baris Uzilday, Tolga Yalcinkaya, Turgut Yigit Akyol, Hasan Yildirim, and Ismail Turkan. "Differential responses of the scavenging systems for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive carbonyl species (RCS) to UV-B irradiation in Arabidopsis thaliana and its high altitude perennial relative Arabis alpina." Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 20, no. 7 (2021): 889–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43630-021-00067-1.
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Rauscher, Emily, and Adam P. Showman. "Uneven Cooling: The influence of atmospheric dynamics on the thermal evolution of gas giants." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 8, S299 (2013): 380–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921313009010.
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AbstractPlanets cool and contract as they age, with a cooling rate that depends on the efficiency with which they can transport heat out to space, first through the convective interior and then radiatively out through the atmosphere. The bottleneck for this cooling is the radiative-convective boundary (RCB), where the heat transport is the least efficient. Due to differential heating and atmospheric dynamics, the depth of the RCB can vary with latitude and longitude, meaning that the actual global cooling rate may differ from what would be calculated assuming a spherically symmetric RCB, as in 1D evolutionary models. Here we present models of the deep atmosphere of a generic hot Jupiter, calculate inhomogeneity in the RCB, and determine the resulting effect on the global thermal evolution. Although this issue can apply to any differentially heated gas giant, we focus on the hot Jupiter class of planet because: 1) the thick radiative zones above their deep RCBs can have a stronger influence on deforming the surface of the RCB than would generally be the case for a less-irradiated planet, and 2) an uneven RCB should increase the cooling rate, potentially exacerbating the mismatch between the large radii measured for some hot Jupiters and the smaller radii expected from evolutionary models.
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Zhao, Jianping, and Eduardo Eyzaguirre. "Clear Cell Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 143, no. 9 (2019): 1154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2018-0121-rs.
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Clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma (ccpRCC) is a recently recognized entity and represents the fourth most common variant of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). It has unique morphologic and immunohistochemical features and demonstrates an indolent clinical behavior. Microscopically, it may mimic other RCCs with clear cell features, such as clear cell RCC, translocation RCC, and papillary RCC with clear cell changes. A high index of suspicion is required to keep ccpRCC in the differential diagnosis of RCCs with features of clear cell and/or papillary architecture. In equivocal cases, immunohistochemistry is generally sufficient to substantiate the diagnosis of ccpRCC. In this review, we discuss the clinical, gross, and histopathologic features, immunohistochemical and genetic profiling, and prognosis of ccpRCC.
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Murakami, Sho, Keita Nagawa, Takanori Inui, et al. "Case Reports of TFE3-Rearranged Renal Cell Carcinoma: FDG-PET Uptake Might Help Diagnosis." Journal of Kidney Cancer and VHL 10, no. 3 (2023): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15586/jkcvhl.v10i3.266.
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Translocation and transcription factor E3 (TFE3)-rearranged renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a rare subtype of RCCs characterised by the fusion of the TFE3 transcription factor genes on chromosome Xp11.2 with one of the multiple genes. TFE3-rearranged RCC occurs mainly in children and adolescents, although middle-aged cases are also observed. As computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of TFE3-rearranged RCC overlap with those of other RCCs, differential diagnosis is often challenging. In the present case reports, we highlighted the features of the fluorine-18-labelled fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with CT (FDG PET-CT) in TFE3-rearranged RCCs. Due to the rarity of the disease, FDG PET-CT features of TFE3-rearranged RCC have not yet been reported. In our cases, FDG PET-CT showed high standardised uptake values (SUVmax) of 7.14 and 6.25 for primary tumours. This might imply that TFE3-rearranged RCC has high malignant potential. This is conceivable when the molecular background of the disease is considered in terms of glucose metabolism. Our cases suggest that a high SUVmax of the primary tumour is a clinical characteristic of TFE3-rearranged RCCs.
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Ross, Hillary, Guido Martignoni, and Pedram Argani. "Renal Cell Carcinoma With Clear Cell and Papillary Features." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 136, no. 4 (2012): 391–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2011-0479-ra.
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Context.—The diagnosis of primary renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) with both papillary architecture and cells with clear cytoplasm can be diagnostically challenging for practicing pathologists. The 4 main neoplasms in the differential diagnosis are clear cell RCC, papillary RCC, clear cell papillary RCC, and Xp11 translocation RCC. Accurate diagnosis has both prognostic and therapeutic implications. Objective.—To highlight the helpful cytomorphologic, immunohistochemical, and cytogenetic features of each of these entities to enable reproducible classification. Data Sources.—Published peer-reviewed literature was reviewed, accompanied by the authors' personal experiences. Conclusions.—Key morphologic clues and a focused immunohistochemical panel, including CK7, α-methylacyl coenzyme A racemase (AMACR), TFE3, cathepsin K, and carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), now allow most resected RCCs with papillary architecture and clear cells to be accurately classified. In other cases, cytogenetic and molecular findings can establish the diagnosis. Despite these tools, some RCCs with papillary architecture and clear cells do not fit into any of the described entities and currently remain unclassified.
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Alharbi, Abdullah, Maram S. Al Turki, Noura Aloudah, and Khaled O. Alsaad. "Incidental Eosinophilic Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma in Renal Allograft." Case Reports in Transplantation 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4232474.
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The incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in renal allograft in transplant recipients is 0.22–0.25%. De novo clear cell, papillary, and chromophobe RCCs and RCCs with sarcomatoid differentiation originating in renal allograft have been reported. Routine surveillance for graft tumours is not routinely practiced and these tumours are commonly asymptomatic and incidentally discovered. We describe a case of incidental, eosinophilic chromophobe RCC in a 31-year-old, long-term renal transplant male recipient, who presented with acute gastroenteritis 11 years after transplantation. The graft was nonfunctional at the time of presentation. Abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography scan demonstrated 1.8 cm well-defined, round enhancing lesion, confined to the renal allograft and suspicious for malignancy. Pathological examination of graft nephrectomy specimen showed gross, histopathological, and immunohistochemical features of eosinophilic chromophobe RCC. Fifty-five months after surgery, the patient was alive and free of malignancy. To the best of our knowledge, only five chromophobe RCCs originating in a renal allograft were previously described in English literature. We suggest that chromophobe RCC should be considered in the differential diagnosis of renal allograft mass, including eosinophilic tumours, and emphasise the importance of periodic screening of renal allograft in all renal transplant recipients.
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Megahed, Tamer F., Diaa-Eldin A. Mansour, Donart Nayebare, et al. "Dynamic Wireless Charging of Electric Vehicles Using PV Units in Highways." World Electric Vehicle Journal 15, no. 10 (2024): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj15100463.
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Transitioning from petrol or gas vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs) poses significant challenges in reducing emissions, lowering operational costs, and improving energy storage. Wireless charging EVs offer promising solutions to wired charging limitations such as restricted travel range and lengthy charging times. This paper presents a comprehensive approach to address the challenges of wireless power transfer (WPT) for EVs by optimizing coupling frequency and coil design to enhance efficiency while minimizing electromagnetic interference (EMI) and heat generation. A novel coil design and adaptive hardware are proposed to improve power transfer efficiency (PTE) by defining the optimal magnetic resonant coupling WPT and mitigating coil misalignment, which is considered a significant barrier to the widespread adoption of WPT for EVs. A new methodology for designing and arranging roadside lanes and facilities for dynamic wireless charging (DWC) of EVs is introduced. This includes the optimization of transmitter coils (TCs), receiving coils (RCs), compensation circuits, and high-frequency inverters/converters using the partial differential equation toolbox (pdetool). The integration of wireless charging systems with smart grid technology is explored to enhance energy distribution and reduce peak load issues. The paper proposes a DWC system with multiple segmented transmitters integrated with adaptive renewable photovoltaic (PV) units and a battery system using the utility main grid as a backup. The design process includes the determination of the required PV array capacity, station battery sizing, and inverters/converters to ensure maximum power point tracking (MPPT). To validate the proposed system, it was tested in two scenarios: charging a single EV at different speeds and simultaneously charging two EVs over a 1 km stretch with a 50 kW system, achieving a total range of 500 km. Experimental validation was performed through real-time simulation and hardware tests using an OPAL-RT platform, demonstrating a power transfer efficiency of 90.7%, thus confirming the scalability and feasibility of the system for future EV infrastructure.
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Gobara, Aiko, Takeshi Yoshizako, Rika Yoshida, Megumi Nakamura, Hiroaki Shiina, and Hajime Kitagaki. "T1a renal cell carcinoma on unenhanced CT: analysis of detectability and imaging features." Acta Radiologica Open 8, no. 5 (2019): 205846011984970. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2058460119849706.
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Background Increasing use of unenhanced computed tomography (CT) has been associated with the increasing incidental detection of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) at an earlier stage. Purpose To evaluate the characteristics in detecting and differentiating T1a RCCs on unenhanced CT. Material and Methods We retrospectively reviewed 68 patients with 68 T1a RCCs and 39 benign regions. Two radiologists interpreted the images on unenhanced axial CT and performed a blinded and independent review of T1a RCCs. The readers evaluated the presence of RCC and differentiated the detected lesions. Results The consensus of two readers detected 53 (78%) RCCs. Of the 53 detected RCCs, 42 (62%) RCCs were correctly diagnosed and 11 (16%) masses were misdiagnosed as benign. Of the 39 benign regions, 29 (74%) cysts were diagnosed correctly, but 10 (26%) cysts were misdiagnosed as malignant. The following values of the radiologists were obtained by consensus: sensitivity = 61.8% (42/68); specificity = 74.4% (29/39); positive predictive value = 80.8% (42/52); negative predictive value = 55.0% (29/55); accuracy = 66.4% (71/107). The receiver operating characteristic curve of consensus was 0.754. Inter-observer correlation was κ = 0.849. There was a significant difference in tumor size ( P = 0.019) and the contour type of tumor ( P = 0.0207) between correctly diagnosed RCCs and not correctly diagnosed RCCs. Conclusion Our findings showed that tumor size and contour type could affect the detection and differentiation of T1a RCC on unenhanced CT. To detect and differentiate T1a RCC on unenhanced CT is difficult. However, the findings from this study may help detection of RCCs on unenhanced CT.
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Muallem, Shmuel. "Decoding Ca2+ signals." Journal of Cell Biology 170, no. 2 (2005): 173–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200506047.
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Receptor-stimulated Ca2+ signals come in several flavors. The Ca2+ signals can be decoded linearly or by integration of the response. How the duration of the signal conveyed by cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) changes is regulated is not well understood. Liu et al. (Liu, Q., S.A. Walker, D. Gao, J.A. Taylor, Y.-F. Dai, R.S. Arkell, M.D. Bootman, H.L. Roderick, P.J. Cullen, and P.J. Lockyer. 2005. J. Cell Biol. 170:183–190) now report an example of decoding based on the differential regulation of Ras function by two Ca2+-sensitive Ras inhibitors: Ca2+-promoted Ras activator (CAPRI), which extends the duration of the effect of Ca2+ on Ras activity, and Ras GTPase activating-like protein (RASAL), which functions as a linear decoder of the Ca2+ signal.
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Dancer, Jane Y., Luan D. Truong, Qihui Zhai, and Steven S. Shen. "Expression of Galectin-3 in Renal Neoplasms: A Diagnostic, Possible Prognostic Marker." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 134, no. 1 (2010): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2008-0392-oar1.1.
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Abstract Context. Galectin-3, a member of the lectin family, was shown to be expressed in normal distal tubular cells and in renal cell carcinomas (RCC). However, its diagnostic and prognostic significance in RCC is as yet undefined. Objectives. To describe the expression of Galectin-3 among different histologic subtypes of renal neoplasms and to determine their diagnostic and prognostic significances. Design. The expression of Galectin-3 was evaluated in 217 renal neoplasms by tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry with semiquantitative analysis. Results. Strong expression of Galectin-3 was observed in 92 of 217 of renal neoplasms (42.4%). Although 22 of 23 oncocytomas (95.7%) and 19 of 21 chromophobe RCCs (90.5%) express Galectin-3, only 4 of 32 papillary RCCs (12.5%) and 47 of 137 clear cell RCCs (34.3%) express Galectin-3, suggesting that it may be used as a potential diagnostic marker. Galectin-3 expression was seen in 55% of high-grade (Fuhrman nuclear grades 3 and 4) versus 21% low-grade (grades 1 and 2) clear cell RCCs (P &lt; .001). Conclusions. This study confirms that Galactin-3 is strongly overexpressed in renal cell neoplasms of distal tubular differentiation, that is, oncocytoma and chromophobe RCCs, suggesting it might be used as a possible differential diagnostic tool for renal cell neoplasm with oncocytic or granular cells. Furthermore, we observed a strong association of overexpression of Galectin-3 and high nuclear grade in clear cell RCC. These results also suggest a possible pivotal role for Galectin-3 in the differentiation and prognosis of clear cell RCC.
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He, Jian, Kefeng Zhou, Bin Zhu, et al. "Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced CT Characterization of Xp11.2 Translocation/TFE3 Gene Fusions versus Papillary Renal Cell Carcinomas." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/298679.
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Purpose. To compare the differences of CT characteristics between renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusions (Xp11.2 RCCs) and papillary cell renal cell carcinomas (PRCCs). Methods. CT images and clinical records of 64 patients (25 Xp11.2 RCCs, 15 type 1 and 24 type 2 PRCCs) were analyzed and compared retrospectively. Results. Xp11.2 RCC more frequently affected young (30.7±8.7 years) women (16/25, 64%) with gross hematuria (12/25, 48%), while PRCC more frequently involved middle-aged (54.8±11.1 years) men (28/39, 71.8%) asymptomatically. Xp11.2 RCC tended to be heterogeneous density with some showing circular calcification. Lesion sizes of Xp11.2 RCC (5.4±2.2 cm) and type 2 PRCC (5.7±2.5 cm) were significantly larger than that of type 1 PRCC (3.8±1.8 cm). Xp11.2 RCC contained more cystic components (22/25, 88%) than type 1 PRCC (all solid) and type 2 PRCC (9/24, 36.0%). Type 1 PRCC (13/15, 86.7%) and Xp11.2 RCC (21/25, 84.0%) showed more clear boundary than type 2 PRCC (12/24, 50.0%). Conclusion. CT features including diameter, boundary, attenuation, nature, and circular calcification of the tumor, combined with demographic information and symptoms, may be useful to differentiate Xp11.2 RCC from different subtypes of PRCC.