Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Diachronie du français"
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Nore, Françoise. "Morphologie dérivationnelle et diachronie : étude de deux recueils argotiques des XVIe et XVIIe siècles : application au lexique construit contemporain". Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100020.
Texto completo da fonteThe study examines first certain operators used in the creation of slang complex units but badly identified in their operation. One of the aims of this study is to establish a rigorous typology of these formants and to refine the knowledge already acquired in the delimitation of the lexical base and of the elements present in complex units. It is noticed however that the morphological and phonological rules cannot explain in synchrony the form of all complex slang items. It is thus proposed to articulate derivational morphology with diachrony and philology in order to examine the various formal and semantic states of the studied items. The corpus, made up of two slang works of the XVIth and the XVIIth centuries, allows to consider the extent of the lexical evolutions. The second objective consists in showing the need of a new approach which, linking the data resulting from philological and diachronic research and those obtained by derivational morphology, makes it possible to account for the quasi entirety of the built slang lexicon. This method proposes to examine slang items by grouping them in paradigmatic fields, sets of unities entering a common notional field and presenting morphological similarities. It is whereas noted that the quasi totality of this lexicon can be included in various networks of items having mutual influences in their semantisms, their phonologies and their morphologies. The knowledge of the old derivational diagrams and the interactions between items allows an enlightened comprehension of the contemporary modes of formation of slang lexemes
Dugas, Edwige. "Non- dans le paradigme des préfixes de négation en français : étude synchronique et diachronique". Thesis, Lille 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL30034/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis dissertation deals with nominal and adjectival constructions in non- ([non-N] and [non-Adj])in French from a synchronic and diachronic perspective within the framework of constructiongrammar. On the basis of a corpus of [non-N] and [non-Adj] drawn from the Frantext database,the Base de Français Médiéval, dictionaries, the written press and the internet, I show thatthe [non-N] pattern is a morphological construction in which non- is a prefix, whereas the[non-Adj] is a syntactic construction in which non- is an adverb. [Non-N] can have three differentinterpretations (which I call ontological, complementary and contrary), depending on the basenoun and pragmatic information provided in the contex. [Non-Adj] are compared to [in-Adj], withwhich they share a negative meaning but from which they differ in several respects (preferencefor bases related to verbs, no lexical integrity, expression of contradictory or contrary negation).I show that [non-N] and [non-Adj] have common formal and semantic properties and I proposean analysis whereby they are represented as instantiations of a more general construction. Thisanalysis maintains the distinction between morphology and syntax and at the same time takesinto account the similarities between the two constructions. Finally, I show that [non-N] and[non-Adj] have emerged from syntactic uses of non at the end of the Middle French period as aresult of changes in the system of verbal negation in French.375
Lecolinet, Thierry. "Termes de la mythologie : évolution de sens et de forme en diachronie". Besançon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BESA1026.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis deals with the method of research for terms in the language. What can be done to look for terms other than through their written form ? Based on a corpus of terms taken from a mythological etymon, this study proposes to present a research system by criteria, as well as bringing those latter to light, terms in the language without going through their written form (the nature of theses terms, where they come from, how they are formed) of these latter as well as their meaning, the field of their usage etc… In order to illustrate this work, a model of a system of electronic research is proposed, this software works on the basis of criteria selected during the research
Prévost, Sophie. "Français médiéval en diachronie : du corpus à la langue (mémoire de synthèse)". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00667107.
Texto completo da fonteBarbet, Cécile. "Sémantique et pragmatique des verbes modaux du français : Données synchroniques, diachroniques et expérimentales". Thesis, Littoral, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DUNK0513.
Texto completo da fonteDevoir and pouvoir, as modal verbs in other languages, have already been the subject of extensive literature. The fact that they can convey different meanings depending on the specific context in which they occur is of particular interest to semanticists andpragmaticians. This thesis focuses on the nature of the various interpretations of devoir and pouvoir and attempts to ascertain whether their meaning multiplicity is a result of their polysemy or of their underspecified semantics. The polysemy hypothesis, which is the prevalent view in the French literature, implies that at least both the root sense and the epistemic sense fully belong to the linguistic system and hence that both are represented in memory. On the contrary, according to the underspecification model, contextual enrichment of a unique underspecified meaning stored in the mental lexicon accounts for meaning multiplicity. The current state of research, the review of the several possible interpretations of devoir and pouvoir, the investigation of potential meaning underdetermination in context, as well as the study of their semantic evolution in diachrony, do not allow us to rule out any of the two hypotheses. Experimental methods, developed in psycholinguistics and in experimental pragmatics, are thus used. Notably, analysis of processing times in reading in an eye tracking experiment in which both meaning and context are manipulated favours a polysemic representation for devoir, but a monosemic and underspecified representation for pouvoir. The two modal verbs are traditionally examined together since it is assumed that one matches the other in its own modal domain. This thesis casts doubt on this assumption
Glikman, Julie. "Parataxe et Subordination en ancien français. Système syntaxique, variantes et variation". Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2009. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5678/.
Texto completo da fonteParataxis and subordination, two sometimes antithetical terms, are problematic due to their high degree of polysemy. It is from this ambiguity that arises the subject of this study, asyndetic constructions, which have an uncertain status between integration and independence. In this dissertation we propose a reexamination of this ancient phenomenon, already well known in Old French, by placing it in the context of questions and advances in current research on the subject. In order to do this we must first give a definition of subordination. We then go on to show that asyndetic constructions are indeed a case of subordination. Finally, this dissertation shows that this phenomenon constitutes, at least in Old French, a free syntactic variation. Its dispersion and presence in texts diminished very early, but the existence of similar phenomena in Modern French, as well as other indicators, allow us to make the hypothesis that this evolution is due to an oral / written alternation. This dissertation thus shows that the issue related to subordination and parataxis do not actually differ, whether in Old French or Modern French, and that parataxis is indeed a construction in the language system.
Culoma, Sauva Virginie. "Étude diachronique et psychosystématique des possessifs et de la représentation spatiale en italien, français et roumain". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3054.
Texto completo da fonteThis study as a doctoral thesis, deals with the analysis of diachronic and psychosystematic possessives and with spatial representation in the Italian, French and Romanian languages. The goal of this work is to study and to better understand the expression of membership in the Italian language opposing to French and Romanian ones, while focusing on the implication that they may have on the representation of the person in each of the three languages. This work focuses on a system analysis of language considered as a coherent and closed one, prior to any uses which is inner to each person that could deal with it. The analysis of meaning effects in speeches, which was made possible by the development of a corpus that some items can sometimes confuse the initiate, provides opportunities to better understand the cohesion of the language system considered
Cruchet, Jean. "Le système des pronoms personnels français : perspective diachronique, typologique et anthropologique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUL025.
Texto completo da fonteThis work is motivated by three objectives: (i) describing and explaining the important transformation of the French personal pronoun system, (ii) conceiving the insertion of this local evolution in a global evolutional dynamic of medieval French, and (iii) thinking the possible relations between this linguistic evolution and the anthropological changes that affected the Western Middle Ages. According to previous researches, and grounding on a corpus study, I show that the French personal pronoun system has evolved by following a categorical specialization dynamic. The whole process can be divided in three interconnected phenomena: grammaticalization of subject pronouns, extension of the uses of strong object pronouns (moi, toi, lui, eux) and further grammaticalization of weak object pronouns (loss of the post-position possibility). As a result, the modern system opposes pronouns which are independent of the verb and don't have nominal declension to pronouns which are inseparable of the verb and mark syntactical functions, while the old system opposes subject pronouns to object pronouns. This evolution is then compared to that of two other deictic systems: demonstratives and possessives. This tends to show that in French diachrony, the categorical specialization goes along with the transfer of modal and evaluative markers from grammatical systems to lexicon. In the last part of this work, a parallel between the previous linguistic observations and anthropological changes that affected the Western Middle Ages is proposed. This is achieved by mainly relying on the following publications and ideas: La mesure du monde (Paul Zumthor, 1993) and La mesure de la réalité (Alfred Crosby, 2003), Gustave Guillaume's grammatical number theory, and thoughts by Henri Bergson regarding multiplicity, space and time. Whereas, in the Middle Ages, multiplicity, space and time were inseparable from the concrete and personal experience of subjectivity, these notions progressively became more objective and abstract. At the same time, the French language evolved following a tendency to exclude personal experience from its grammatical structures
Kessai, Fodil. "Élaboration d'un dictionnaire électronique de berbère avec annotations étymologiques". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCF029/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe Berber language is usually presented as a set of distinct dialects, with more or less hermetic boundaries, which are, most often, studied and taught in a cleaved or even exclusive way.This atomization and this differentiating practice obscure the structural unity (grammar and lexical bases) which founds that common language to which all these dialects refer and give only a fragmentary view of it. The field of lexicography does not depart from this usage. Each dictionary is devoted to a single dialect with a specific spelling, and it is in the lexicon in particular that Berber appears the most disparate.To go beyond particularism and grasp the language as a whole, we explore, through the lexical material, a panel of dialects (17) representing all of Berber diversity. We establish, by comparative approach, inter-dialectal bridges and then gather the common elements of the lexicon collected to date. We then note the phonetic, phonological, morphological and semantic changes observed in lexical units in order to better understand the evolution of the lexical system.To do this, we develop a bilingual E-dictionary (Berber <-> French) which allows - as a didactic tool - for the studying of the Berber language in its unity as well as in its dialectal diversity and - as a heuristic means of research and analysis - for etymology and linguistics facts in synchrony and diachrony.Finally, we introduce a statistical tool (the “homogeneity rate”) that measures the proximity between lexicons (or dialects)
Wang, Yi. "Recherches de linguistique contrastive sur la phrase simple et la phrase complexe dans quelques langues des familles indo-européenne et sino-tibétaine (latin, français, diachronie du chinois)". Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0015.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis aims to highlight the originality of French (hypotactic) and Chinese (paratactic) languages and the reasons of their differences. Falling within contrastive linguistics mostly theoretical, this study focuses on the comparisons with regard to three aspects. Firstly, the general diachronic comparisons of French and Chinese allow us to better understand the affiliations between Latin and French, between archaic Chinese and contemporary Chinese. Secondly, to show their original character – hypotactic in Latin and French, paratactic in contemporary and archaic Chinese, the comparisons are implemented between French and Chinese, and between their origins, Latin and archaic Chinese, on three syntactic aspects: the word order, the correspondence between word classes and syntactic functions in the simple sentence and the ratio of proposals in the complex sentence. Finally, the comparison of philosophical reflections on language between the Greek antiquity and the Chinese antiquity, and the presentation of cultural divergence between individuality and global nature showing the Western and Chinese intellectual originality, allow us to detect from a philosophical and cultural perspective the underlying reason for their different original characters
Picton, Aurélie. "Diachronie en langue de spécialité, définition d'une méthode linguistique outillée pour reprérer l'évolution des connaissances en corpus : un exemple appliqué au domaine spatial". Toulouse 2, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00429061.
Texto completo da fonteThis doctoral dissertation explores the question of the diachronic dimension in terminology using a tool-based approach applied to a diachronic corpus. This study focuses on a request from the French National Space Agency (Cnes) where both knowledge and technology necessarily evolve over the course of “long-term” space projects (approx. 20 yrs. ). This phenomenon can be tricky and a source of difficulties, such as poor communication with new coming engineers who arrive during the project or unconscious modifications of the meaning or forms of terms, etc. Learning how to identify this evolution is therefore of prime importance. Our research aims at defining a linguistic method to track down knowledge evolution within texts. This aim allows us to structure a triple point of view: a theoretical one, a methodological one and an applied one. To do so, this doctoral dissertation presents a description of four linguistic cues which can be semi-automatically identified in corpora to observe evolution: frequency, contexts of evolution, variants and syntactic dependencies. The cues are studied in two diachronic corpora from the Cnes: one corpus made up of three editions of a course on optics and optoelectronics (1994-2002) and one technical corpus composed of specification reports from the DORIS project (1989-2000). This context makes it possible to offer theoretical and methodological paths in textual terminology to track down, study and characterize the evolution that is likely to appear in specialized fields, especially within an environment that has been very little explored, i. E. Short-term diachrony. The approach developed in this study also sheds light on the interpretation of corpus data, firstly, by combining linguistic cues in order to build up a reliable interpretation (or even a diagnosis) of the evolution through linguistic cues; secondly, by reflecting on the place and role of the experts in analyses and by analyst-expert dialoguing as a driving force in the co-construction of interpretations
Baraké, Rima. "La terminologie de la spatiologie : étude diachronique et descriptive de l'évolution d'un domaine et de sa structuration conceptuelle dans les trois langues français, anglais et arabe". Paris 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA030160.
Texto completo da fonteIn the early 80s, new terminological trends and theories emerged, along with new analysis methods. These new approaches opposed, completed, intersected with and combined with other disciplines outside the world of terminology, and thus created a new viewpoint of terminology and gave birth to new research leads among which a large number remains un- or very rarely exploited. I intend, throughout my thesis, to develop a few of these newborn ideas, by applying them to the space science terminology. By beginning with a ‘classical’ analysis of space science terminology – concept analysis and their relations, term analysis, elaboration of field trees, etc -, I paved the way towards a more advanced analysis that takes into consideration the concept ‘dimension’ and studies the repercussions of this ‘dimension’ notion of the fundamental elements of terminology, to move later on to knowledge evolution and diachronic terminology. Science progress and knowledge evolution also implicate the appearance of new concepts that demand the creation of terms in order to appoint them. After having given a fair idea of the terminological crisis the Arabic language is going through, I presented various terminological works of the Arab world, highlighting the creation of new terms and their modes of creation, and I finally elaborated a model of a trilingual terminological in the domain of space science
Dufeu, Pierre-Yves. "Le syntagme verbal isolé à l'impératif en français (XIIe-XVIIe siècle) - Etude morphologique, lexico-sémantique et syntaxique". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Sorbonne - Paris IV, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949399.
Texto completo da fonteRebours, Marie-Alice. "Emprunts à l'anglais dans la terminologie du prêt-à-porter en France : entre distinction et appartenance : Etude sur corpus en diachronie 1952-2019". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 2, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LYO20091.
Texto completo da fonteThis dissertation is a diachronic study of the terminology of women’s ready-to-wear fashion in French mail-order catalogs since the introduction of the ready-to-wear concept in France in the early 1950s. Our work focuses on English borrowings and English-influenced neologisms, compared with neologisms in our corpus as a whole.Our goal is two-fold: we wish, first, to assess the influence of English in this terminology, and second, to delineate trends and mechanisms specific to this field. Based on a study of neologisms, necrologisms, and stable terms in our corpus, we examine terminological renewal, its mechanisms, and its motivations.We compared sub-corpora approximately five years apart, each comprising the catalogs from the Spring-Summer and Fall-Winter collections of a given year. The terms were collected and studied manually. They were first studied synchronically, using secondary sources to establish their etymologies, their definitions, and their types, according to a typology adapted from the Office québécois de la langue française’s typology of borrowings. Secondly, terms were analyzed diachronically using a three-part methodological framework, consisting of the terms from our corpus, of the visuals from the catalogs, and of expert opinions. These analyses drew on theories from linguistics and sociology, while also considering economic and other factors, such as historical and societal events.Our analyses enabled us to show the importance of the English language in this field, as well as the importance of terminological renewal, both frequently cited in academic works. Our corpus demonstrated neological activity that goes beyond the dynamics of fashion and that supports the hypothesis of regular generational terminological renewal. Finally, we propose a reflection on the need for work – linguistic research in particular – in the field of fashion, given the lack of studies on the subject and the shortcomings of dictionary sources
Courbon, Bruno. "Étude sémantique des mots "chance", "fortune", "hasard" et "risque" du XVIIIe au XXIe siècle : perspectives sur le lexique du français et ses usages". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20041.
Texto completo da fonteThe present study deals with the way in which the lexical field regrouping the words “chance”, “fortune”, “hazard” and “risqué” has been structured in the French language from the eighteenth century till the present day. Revealing major changes in western societies during this period of time, the field, which corresponds to the linguistic representation of the notion of fortune / hasard, presents a certain coherence.We have examined these words and their derived forms through the display, regulation, and distribution of norms of use, not only in Hexagonal French, but also in Quebec French. Two types of corpora have been analysed. On the one hand, a corpus of articles from around 50 dictionaries has been used to emphasize the lexical and semantic productivity of the different units on a large historical scale. On the other hand, in revealing context types, a set of texts reflecting French language varieties has allowed for carrying out a diachronic analysis of lexical uses. The continuist approach to semantic differences rests upon a frequential representation of semantic changes.The thesis brings a significant contribution to the question of usage variations and semantic change, providing new perspectives. It first deals with theory and methodology of lexical description, considered through the analysis of the nature and the role of corpora. It then evidences the central role of syntagmatic structures in the setting of new semantic uses. The study has finally put into relation semantic changes with their historical background and the collective representations of the time
Saikali-Sleiman, Dana. "L’absence d'article en français : étude diachronique et sémantique". Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100187.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis deals with two important issues concerning the absence of the article in French : diachronic and semantic approach. Our method consist to apply an empirical study on a corpus formed of three versions of a historical text called the Conquest of Constantinople: the original version written by Geoffroy Villehardouin in 13th century, the second translated by Blaise de Vigenère in 16th century and the third by Edmond Faral in the modern French. We have find that the nominal group without an article according to their syntactical functions (nominal group with preposition, subject, noun with verb, noun with adjective grand, attribute and apposition) in this three versions. At first, this method allows us to test the traditional assumption that there has been progressive extension of the use of the French article. However, the statistical analysis of our corpus showed that the evolution of the absence of the article does not follow a linear curve. The curve at prepositional nominal group and coordinate nominal group reveals that the sixteenth century was a period in which the absence of the article was quiet frequent, we propose to explain this result by a typological and sociolinguistic causes. Secondary, we ask ourselves about the semantic value of the absence of the article. We used the Guillaumien’s framework in which we confront “article zero” and absence of article. The statistical study showed that the frequency of the absence of the article is not correlated with the syntactical functions of nominal group and that in the three synchronies (AF, MF, and FM). The application of Guillaume’s studies on the corpus confirm the presence of an ‘article zero’ that has an absolute semantic value and that in the three different versions of our corpus
Hoelbeek, Thomas. "The spatial expressions containing French 'travers' and Italian 'traverso': a functional semantic description from diachronic perspective". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209319.
Texto completo da fonteThe period covered consists of four hundred years (from the 16th until the end of the 19th Century). The constructions under analysis conform to the pattern [PREP1 (+ article) + travers(o) (+ PREP2)], viz. the French expressions 'à travers (de)', 'au travers (de)', 'en travers (de)', 'de travers' and their Italian formal equivalents 'a traverso/at(t)raverso (a, di, per)', 'al traverso (di)', 'in traverso (di)' and 'di traverso (a)' ('traverso (a)', without PREP1, is included too). These expressions, and especially their prepositional uses, are assumed to be intrinsically dynamic. However, they are no pure prepositions, in that all of them can be used in at least two different syntactic roles. More specifically, some are principally found as a preposition, and secondarily as an adverb; others behave mostly as an adverb, but also as an adjective; finally, certain expressions exhibit all three types of uses.
The results can be structured around four axes. Firstly, a complete diachronic-semantic description of all uses is given of this set of hardly explored expressions, in order to contribute to a better comprehension of their semantic structure. The study bears on morphological, syntactic, but most of all semantic aspects of the evolutions observed. Secondly, functional concepts such as Guidance, proposed in synchronic research (in particular by Stosic (2002b; 2007; 2009)), and notions we elaborate on the basis of research on Modern French (cf. Somers 1988; and Plungian 2002), in particular Contrast and Deviation, are put to the test. By adopting a diachronic perspective, we assess to what extent these notions are able to describe the semantics conveyed in the past by the expressions under study. Thirdly, this thesis determines in what measure the expressions analysed were subjected to a grammaticalisation process, and why some of them (in particular 'à travers', and, to a lesser extent, 'a traverso/at(t)raverso (a, di, per)') became significantly more frequent from the 18th Century onwards. We provide elements that point to a more advanced grammaticalisation for certain expressions. Moreover, we determine to what extent the evolutionary trends observed corroborate or, on the contrary, disconfirm various mechanisms considered to be part of the process of grammaticalisation. Finally, a comparison between the evolutions in the two languages under study helps to distinguish between more general and language-specific mechanisms of semantic and grammatical evolution, given that every natural language has a specific way of organising its own modelling of space.
The results of this study enrich our knowledge of the phrases studied and their functioning in the past, but also in present-day French and Italian, providing diachronic observations regarding the functional notions put to the test. Further, it contributes to a better understanding of the grammaticalisation mechanisms of complex constructions. Finally, it shows that typologically related languages may evolve differently in their ways of representing space, and in particular in their semantic distribution of various functional concepts within a group of close constructions./Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le domaine de la sémantique historique romane, et combine des méthodes diachroniques avec des hypothèses cognitives. En analysant des adpositions complexes en français et en italien, son originalité réside dans le fait que, à la fois pour des usages littéraux et métaphoriques, elle applique une approche fonctionnelle à une problématique diachronique, en réalisant une analyse de corpus.
La période traitée est constituée de quatre cents ans (à partir du XVIe jusqu’à la fin du XIXe siècle). Les constructions analysées sont conformes au modèle [PREP1 (+ article) + travers(o) (+ PREP2)], à savoir les expressions françaises 'à travers (de)', 'au travers (de)', 'en travers (de)', 'de travers' et leurs équivalentes formelles italiennes 'a traverso/at(t)raverso (a, di, per)', 'al traverso (di)', 'in traverso (di)' et 'di traverso (a)' ('traverso (a)', sans PREP1, est aussi incluse). Ces expressions, et surtout leurs usages prépositionnels, sont supposées être intrinsèquement dynamiques. Cependant, elles ne sont pas de pures prépositions, en ce que chacune d’elles peut être utilisée dans au moins deux rôles syntaxiques différentes. Plus précisément, certaines se rencontrent principalement comme préposition, et accessoirement comme adverbe ;d’autres se comportent la plupart du temps comme adverbe, mais aussi comme adjectif ;enfin, certaines expressions présentent les trois types d’usages.
Les résultats s’articulent autour de quatre axes. Tout d’abord, une description diachronique et sémantique complète est donnée de tous les usages de l’ensemble de ces expressions qui sont à peine explorées, afin de contribuer à une meilleure compréhension de leur structure sémantique. L’étude porte sur des aspects morphologiques, syntaxiques, mais surtout sémantiques des évolutions observées. Deuxièmement, des concepts fonctionnels tels que celui de Guidage, proposé dans des travaux en synchronie (en particulier par Stosic (2002b; 2007; 2009)), et des notions que nous élaborons sur la base d’analyses du français moderne (cf. Somers 1988; et Plungian 2002), en particulier celles de Contraste et Déviation, sont mises à l’épreuve. En adoptant une perspective diachronique, nous évaluons dans quelle mesure ces notions sont en mesure de décrire la sémantique véhiculée dans le passé par les expressions étudiées. Troisièmement, cette thèse détermine dans quelle mesure les expressions analysées ont été soumises à un processus de grammaticalisation, et pourquoi certaines d’entre elles (en particulier 'à travers' et, dans une moindre mesure, 'a traverso/at(t)raverso (a, di, per)') sont devenues beaucoup plus fréquentes à partir du XVIIIe siècle. Nous fournissons des éléments qui indiquent une grammaticalisation plus avancée de certaines expressions. De plus, nous déterminons dans quelle mesure les tendances évolutives observées corroborent ou, au contraire, infirment différents mécanismes considérés comme faisant partie du processus de grammaticalisation. Enfin, une comparaison entre les évolutions dans les deux langues étudiées permet de distinguer des tendances sémantiques et grammaticales plus générales de ceux qui sont plus spécifiques à une langue, étant donné que chaque langue naturelle a une façon spécifique d’organiser sa représentation de l’espace.
En fournissant des observations diachroniques sur les notions fonctionnelles mises à l’épreuve, cette thèse enrichit notre connaissance des constructions étudiées et leur fonctionnement dans le passé, ce qui aide aussi à mieux comprendre leur usage contemporain. De plus, elle contribue à une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes de grammaticalisation des constructions complexes. Enfin, elle montre que des langues typologiquement proches peuvent évoluer différemment dans leurs modes de représentation de l’espace, et en particulier dans la distribution sémantique de différents concepts fonctionnels dans un groupe de constructions proches.
Doctorat en Langues et lettres
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Huang, Ming. "Étude contrastive des tournures concessives en français et en chinois". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL063.
Texto completo da fonteThe concession is a “secondary” or “composed” linguistic concept since it combines many fundamental linguistic notions: hypothesis, temporality, causality, negation, intensity, subjectivity, etc. By relating all these crucial notions, our research examines the four most used concessive markers as well as their homologues derived from the same series in Chinese: ji shi "although" "even if", sui ran "although" "despite" (and zong ran "although" "even if"), na pa "although" "even if", jiu shi "even if" (and jiu suan "although" "even if"), as well as their equivalents in French based on previous theories and analyses in the two languages. The aim of the work is to explore the concessive mechanism in these two languages that are typologically distant and different. In the same line as A. Meillet (1912), R. Martin (1982 and 1987) and O. Soutet (1987, 1990 and 1992), etc., our research not only demonstrates the historical evolution of the studied concessive markers, but also highlights its rapprochements with certain French concessive connectors (such as cependant, alors, bien, si, ja, nonobstant, etc.) during their grammaticalization processes from semantic-logical and syntactic-discursive points of view. Our study involves various corpuses from archaic to contemporary Chinese and French, as well as technical linguistic methodologies to categorize and translate the extracted examples. The results of our present research show surprising similarities in terms of the concessive evolution despite the enormous etymological and cultural divergences of the two studied languages
Trần, Đình Bình. "Enseignement du français et en français au Vietnam : approche diachronique et perspectives actuelles". Toulouse 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU20044.
Texto completo da fonteBy the mean of an historical approach, this work gives an overview of the teaching in French and teaching of French and its perspectives in Vietnam. It will be developed in three parts. The first part deals with a traditional teaching based on the feudal China's model and its impact on the Vietnamese society during this period. This part constitutes a landmark, a comparison with the colonial educational system. The second part concerns the teaching in French and teaching of French during the colonial period (1858-1945) ; its impact on the Vietnamese society in contrast to the modernity. The third part deals with the teaching in French and teaching of French during the contemporary period (from 1945 to nowadays) and its present perspectives. The elaborated proposals and concrete solutions are based on the analyses of the elements hereunder : Vietnamese government' policy for languages teaching ; favourable factors to the development of French considered as a space of communication, space of knowledge, a privileged way to improve Vietnamese contacts with the EU ; survey and interview's results with French speaking population as well as French-Vietnamese representatives involved in this field ; learning French strategies and cognitive psychology. These proposals and solutions aim to help in setting down appropriate policy and strategy in order to define efficient learning and teaching French for the first decade of the XXIst century. The teaching in French and teaching of French has a crucial role in training Vietnamese generations which will become spokesmen for promoting French language and accelerating Vietnam's integration all over the world
Tsoko-Tongo, Thérèse. "Processus diachronique et synchronique d'acculturation : les emprunts français en kibeembe". Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA070109.
Texto completo da fonteBiekšienė, Živilė. "L’étude diachronique de la langue française ( au niveau phonétique )". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2005. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20050525_233422-18909.
Texto completo da fonteLafond-Zine, Claire. "La négation simple et la négation composée en français préclassique". Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040150/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe issue of simple and compound negation morphemes system in French language has always attracted a lot of interest. However, diachronic linguistics tackles this question in an uneven way according to different periods of French language’s history. Thus, although it is regularly mentioned, no detailed study about system of negation in pre-Classical French (1550-1630) exists so far.Therefore, this work has dual benefits for linguistics research: on the one hand it sheds a new light on the question of grammatical markers of negation in French; on the other hand it renews questions on the pre-Classical French language, which has been a topic of growing interest over the last two decades.The goal of this research is first to offer a detailed description of the organisation and operation of the system of simple and compound negation grammatical markers (non, ne, ne…pas, ne…point, ne…jamais, etc.) according to their different usages as they appear in a large text corpus of pre-Classical period (1550-1630). Their competition is also investigated. Morphosyntax and semantic methods turned out to be very efficient, as well as the theoretical framework of language psychomecanics whose postulates allow an in depth analysis of the issues and intricacies involved in this research
Legraverand, Annick. "Etude diachronique et synchronique de la concordance des temps en français (étude quantitative)". Rennes 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN20018.
Texto completo da fonteIn spite of numerous researches on our verb system, the question of the sequence of tenses has not yet been solved. For many, it does exist, but allows a lot of exception ; the conjugation tables of the grammar books reveal the existence of divergent systems. That's why it seemed interesting to us to see if a quantitative study would permit to go further than the grammarians' feeling of the previous generations. If, instead of referring to theories as they did, we start from the very morphosemantic reality, we notice that a meaning corresponds to every verb form and that any morphological change leads to a semantic change; we also note that the forms pointed out in the texts match so as to establish a system. Any quantitative study first requires to set up a corpus. A first example taken from Roman de Renart made our initial research possible. A second example produced from contes de Maupassant lead us to confirm the results of it. This is a sampling of some 200 instances, which is enough to come to significant conclusions, but remains limited, just allowing a rough approach. The exhaustive study required a larger corpus taken from 17th to 20th century works. The thesis is made up of three parts. The first part, devoted to the study of two limited corpus taken from roman de Renart and contes de Maupassant, sets the method and gives an overall view of the sequence of tenses in the middle ages and nowadays. The diachronic study of 17th to 20th century authors that makes up the second part permits to confirm the first results. Finally, the third part deals with the sequence of tenses in the subordinate clauses and goes deeper into the causes of its failure. Therefore, the processes are simple and amount to three stages; introduction of the method and making up of the corpus; 2 defining the norm; 3 analysis of the dissimilarities
Murano, Michela. "Le traitement des séquences figées dans la lexicographie bilingue français-italien, italien-français : une étude diachronique et contrastive". Cergy-Pontoise, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CERG0317.
Texto completo da fonteOur work aims to investigate the treatment of phraseology in present and past Franco-Italian bilinguallexicography. In the first part, we work out our instruments of analysis (terminology and concepts), by focusing on two faces of phraseology : phraseography and contrastive idiom analysis. We analyse the various steps and different ways of access to fixed sequences into bilingual dictionaries, in order to create a schedule for the analysis of macrostructure and microstructure elements. The second part presents the results of our historical investigation about the treatment of fixed sequences in several Franco-Italian bilingual dictionaries, through the analysis of the front matter and of the microstructure. Finally, in the third part we compare the treatment of a fixed sequences corpus, extracted from contemporary bilingual paper and electronic dictionaries
Guiga, Ahlem. "Étude comparative, diachronique et synchronique du futur en italien, napolitain et français". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3117.
Texto completo da fonteOur research focuses on the deep understanding of the Italian chronogenesis, and within it, of the expression of future, based on the theoretical and methodological principles of G. Guillaume. Our comparative study combines diachronic and synchronic approaches. We study the evolution of the expression of future from former Italian to contemporary Italian literature through a first corpus built from the original text of the Decameron of G. Boccaccio, its contemporary translation proposed by A. Busi and its French translation by J. Bourciez. We compare the expression of future in three Italian (by authors from the Veneto and Sicily) and French graphic novels, with a second series of corpus extrapolated from the transcripts of these comics. We observe, on one hand, the differences between French and Italian contemporary standards, and on the other hand, the achievements of the Italian standard according to its substrates' regional influence. With a third corpus, we study the expression of future by comparing Neapolitan songs texts from the XIXth to the XXth century, with their translations in Italian and French. Our comparison of the various solutions for future covers, from West to East, the western Romania (standard French, Veneto regional Italian), and the central position of the Italian literary standard from Florentine, Eastern Romania (Sicilian regional Italian, Neapolitan). We study the distribution of future's morphological forms (synthetic, analytic), uses (temporal, modal) and alternative expression of future (other times, adverbial phrase of time). We discuss the concepts of aspect, accomplished and unaccomplished, perfective and imperfective and study their distribution in the morphosyntactic forms of future's expression
Chehabi, Lediascorn Soubhi. "Phonologie diachronique du français et du castillan : diphtongues et diphtongaisons : une approche déclarative". Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT3028.
Texto completo da fonteThe subject of this thesis is the phonologic diachronic analysis of factors in play in the diphthongization of vowels in French and in Castilian in the frame of declarative phonology. The combinations among vowels, semivowels and semiconsonantals are the essential of our work. The axis of this thesis is the three position rythmic pattern (Angoujard, 1997) and construing of sonorous segments and elements (Kaye, Lowenstamm & Vergnaud, 1985). Each segment analysed has been described in the shape of constraints and integrated in a strict aproach by principles and parameters. The thesis consists in two clearly differenciated parts: in the first we introduce several general aspects and sometimes innovatives in the field of diachronic phonology and in the second we have applied it to the study of diphthongization
Verjans, Thomas. "Essai de systématique diachronique : genèse des conjonctions dans l'histoire du français (IXe – XVIIe siècles)". Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040074.
Texto completo da fonteThis work deals with the modalities of a diachronical systematics illustrated by the history of conjunctive subordinators in French. First, we contrast psychomecanics of language and coserian linguistics with contemporary studies in linguistic change. Then, we formulate a hypothesis which allows us to grasp the evolution of conjunctions in systematic way, and we illustrate this with the example of avant que and the participial conjunctions. With this hypothesis we can take into account not only the marginal instances of this category, but also the processes of continuity and obsolescence which have governed there history
Papahagi, Cristiana. "Les prépositions de la trajectoire en français et en roumain : étude synchronique et diachronique". Paris 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA030114.
Texto completo da fonteThe present dissertation is a study of path prepositions in French and Romanian: Fr. De, depuis, par, jusqu'à. . . , Rom. De, pe, pânæ. . . These prepositions make up a distinct class of state prepositions defined by their ability to transform the contexts in which they appear (movement, perception, etc. ) into a path. This is the case even in these two verb-framed Romance languages. Moreover, path prepositions do not configure the landmark they introduce, as is shown by the fact — optional in French, grammatical in Romanian — that they can determine prepositional phrases and topological adverbs: Fr. De sous, par où. . . , Rom. De la, pânæ unde. . . It is also noteworthy that the category of path prepositions is a recent innovation in these two languages. The previous marking of path was made by verbal satellites in Latin, and by prepositional compounds in Low Latin, Old French and Old Romanian. The existence of path prepositions is thus a peculiarity of Romance languages, which nevertheless brings them closer to the satellite-framed languages (e. G. The Germanic ones)
Erbén, Tova. "Une étude diachronique du suffixe -ard : un examen du sens de quelques mots médiévaux". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Romanska och klassiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-146838.
Texto completo da fonteRen, Xiaobo. "Syntaxe diachronique et synchronique des constructions passives en chinois : essai de comparaison avec les formes passives du français". Paris 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA030139.
Texto completo da fonteIn today's chinese, the common passive form is the following : "(np1) + bei (+ np2-agent) + v (+c)". This structure can already be found in medieval chinese (8th century a. D. ), but it only became the most current passive form in modern chinese, around the 14th and 15th centuries. In archaic chinese and in medieval chinese, other constructions with other marks than bei were used to express the passive form. They were essentially : i. E. Yu, wei. . . Suo and jian. Various constraints on the passive forms regarding syntax, semantics and communication as well, explain why all the active forms may not always have an exact corresponding passive form and why some passive forms are sometimes more natural than their corresponding active forms. The differences that arise between the chinese language and the french language, emphasize the fact that some passive forms in one language are adequately rendered by active forms in the other language, thus a choice has to be made between syntaxic, semantic and communicative levels
Alshtaiwi, Ma'moun. "Structuration ontologique et étude sémantico-syntaxique de la terminologie des sciences et techniques spatiales (arabe - français - anglais)". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2055.
Texto completo da fonteThe terminology related to the space science and technology (SST), corpus-based approach, is studied within the framework of the ontological structure pattern. The morpho-syntactical formation of the terminological unit, its characteristics as well as the schemata of arguments (predicative expressions and arguments) are both analyzed within the context and beyond the context. It’s characterized by a level of relative fixed structure: one of the properties of the “long” terminological unit that can often be decomposed. It can have a discursive behavior in particular, discourse anaphora, and the reduction by deletion of one of its components. In the latter case, this refers to certain aspects of the terminologization such as non-differential element falling and a characteristic or nominal element maintaining. Therefore, some aspects are constant factors which allow to highlight the diachronic evolution of the terminological unit. The outcome of the ontological structure is analyzed with the aim of describing not only the concepts of the SST, but also the use of the schemata of arguments i.e. verbal and nominal in the corpus by establishing itself on the semantic-syntactical labels. An analysis of the specialized verb was developed to supply useful information for the constitution of the multilingual terminological database or to give techno-scientific definitions. The study also allowed to describe absent verbs in the specialized dictionaries, to show how a verb can acquire a new specialized meaning, to identify the typical agent of the specialized verbs. There are two classifications of the specialized verb according to their uses and their morpho-syntactical structure were proposed as; simple verbal unit (SVU) and complex verbal unit (CVU). A syntagm involves one of the two analyzes: compositional unit or non-compositional unit. According to the situational context, the definition of the verb in LSP allowed finally to identify three meanings of the verb: very specialized verb, polysemous verb, and support verb
Corbière, Marc Bernard Denis. "Aspects éducationnels, personnels et vocationnels de la réussite scolaire d'élèves français et québécois, perspective synchronique et diachronique". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0010/NQ35582.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteStumpf, Béatrice. "Lexicographie et lexicologie historique du français". Phd thesis, Université Nancy II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00502081.
Texto completo da fonteEnglebert, Annick. "Analyse sémantique et fonctionnelle du "petit mot" DE: étude synchronique et diachronique". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213412.
Texto completo da fonteSaiz-Sánchez, Marta [Verfasser]. "Les marqueurs d’accord et de désaccord du français et de l’espagnol: Étude diachronique XIe-XVIIIe siècle / Marta Saiz-Sánchez". Frankfurt a.M. : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1223310299/34.
Texto completo da fonteAlbert, Sabine. "Analyse diachronique du Trésor de la Langue Française et de l'Oxford English Dictionary : le traitement des emprunts". Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CERG0936/document.
Texto completo da fonteTHE TRÉSOR DE LA LANGUE FRANÇAISE ANDTHE OXFORD ENGLISH DICTIONARY :A DIACHRONICAL ANALYSIS OF LOAN-WORDSABSTRACTThere is no language that does not expand thanks to loan-words : they permit the lexical stock to get richer and refreshed as are developed the relationships between cultures and countries. English and French languages, since they have been spreading over all continents, have acquired a lot of words from other horizons, that, moreover, they often shared. Actually, we can but notice that their geographic proximity and the richness of their history have aroused an important interpenetration during more than ten centuries. That is why we wanted to show, in this study, the impact of loan-words on both languages, and to analyse the way the most extensive dictionaries on either side of the Channel — the Trésor de la Langue Française and the Oxford English Dictionary — dealt with them.In the first part of this work, we study how French and English lexicons were built up over the course of time according to foreign contributions, and we define the very notion of loan-word in order to show how complex it is. Afterwards, we present the corpus on which rests this study.The second part is dedicated to an exhaustive presentation of the Trésor de la Langue Française and of the Oxford English Dictionary. After a recounting of language dictionaries and of the creation of those two dictionaries, their main features are highlighted and their constitution accurately examined, as well macrostructurally as microstructurally. We also point out the advantages of their informatisation.In the last part, we observe more precisely how the different types of loan-words are reported and what kind of indications are given about them. Then, we point out the distinctive characteristics of the way loan-words are dealt with and the lexicographical difficulties in describing words from elsewhere
Grall, Christophe. "Présentations de la Grammaire et Représentations du Discours Dans les Manuels de Français Publiés aux États-Unis: une Étude Diachronique". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc28423/.
Texto completo da fonteAndré, Frédéric. "Pratiques scripturales et écriture SMS. Analyse linguistique d’un corpus de langue française". Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040055.
Texto completo da fonteSince the beginning of the XXIst century, the SMS practice questions the use of traditional linguistics norms in daily writings. According to the history of writing, its rapid growth as a prefered practice in interpersonal communication refers to questions about the dissemination of any emergent practice: how people use-it? In which way does a support such as a mobile phone influence the way of spelling? Could the writings depend on the age, gender, place of residency, education level or experience of SMS? Does SMS writing have homogeneous characteristics? Is-it related to the oral language? Can it be the cradle of the evolutions of written language? By manual analysis of linguistic of more than 10,000 authentic SMS in French, from corpora collected in Belgium, Reunion Island, Switzerland, Quebec and southern France, this study shows that SMS writing is aimed at personal appropriation of the graphic code, without orthographic standard systematically suffering. It shows that SMS writing reveals everyone’s identity, in terms of their relationship to writing and ability to adapt the discourse. This research also indicates that SMS writing can sometimes present caracteristics that account for the existence of a strong link between graphic code and cognitive oralisation of a message
Duvillier, Cécile. "Caractérisation des surfaces de départ potentielles des avalanches dans les Alpes françaises et de leur évolution diachronique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023GRALU011.
Texto completo da fonteSnow avalanches cause casualties and material damage. Historical avalanches provide information on the characteristics of probable future avalanches (localisation, type of avalanche, size, etc.). In some areas, however, the available data is insufficient, and the identification of Potential Release Areas (PRAs) is therefore of great help.In this thesis, a method for identifying PRAs adapted to the specific context of the French Alps is developed. It is based on topographic parameters such as slope, altitude, distance to the ridge, presence or absence of forest and delimitation of the catchment areas.In order to evaluate the determination method, we compare the PRAs obtained with observed avalanche extents, which are recorded in the CLPA, a rich cadastre of past events. The proposed validation framework that includes different scores established on the basis of confusion matrices constitutes the generic methodological contribution of the thesis. The scores obtained confirm the interest and robustness of the developedmethod, while highlighting the parameters which are essential for a good determination.The second axis of the thesis concerns the statistical analysis of the characteristics of the PRAs at the scale of the whole French Alps and their evolution in selected areas according to the variations of forest cover over time. We detect a total of 101802 PRAs with a total area of 3799.2 km2, which represents 17.8% of the area of the entire French Alps.We grouped the 23 massifs of the French Alps into threespatially coherent classes according to the similarity of the topographical characteristics of their PRAs.Finally, we show that the development of the forest cover in connection with the decrease of pastoral activities between 1860 and 2013-2014 reduced the number of PRAs, and, presumably, avalanche activity. In fact, the number of PRAs dropped from 1793 in 1860 to 1578 in 2013 in the Guil Valley (Queyras massif), and from 3043 in 1860 to 2971 in 2014 in three municipalities of Haute Maurienne.Finally, some avenues for future developments are discussed
Konrad, Ingrid. "Quand la nominalisation envahit la subordination : étude sur ‘ce que’ dans les propositions subordonnées en français, selon une approche comparative, diachronique et expérimentale". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/KONRAD_Ingrid_2_complete_20190722.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteThis dissertation deals with the syntax of subordinate clauses involving `ce’ in French, namely a particular kind of complement clauses, a particular kind of relative clauses and a particular kind of indirect questions. It seems that nominalization has pervaded subordination in French, and I am questioning the status and the role of the nominal element (D) `ce’ in these constructions. A large part of this dissertation focuses on the syntactic ambiguity between light-headed relatives (CITKO, 2004) and indirect questions introduced by `ce qui/ce que’. On the basis of a diachronic study ranging from the 11th century to the 17th century, of a number of sentence repetition tasks performed on French children, aged from 3 to 6 years of age and of a self-paced reading experiment performed with French adults, I exclude that `ce’ and `que’ have incorporated and that /səkə/ is a wh-word. A closer scrutiny of the atypical syntactic behaviour, in synchrony, of indirect questions introduced by `ce qu-‘ leads me to analyse them as DPs. My proposal is that these structures are indeed questions disguised as relative clauses. This proposal brings me to reconsider two issues: the selection issue and the interpretation one. Building on the analysis of complement clauses in P+ce+que given by ZARING, 1992, as well as several data in other languages, I emphasise the existence of nominalized CPs, and I claim that the syntactic distinction between DP and CP is not categorical. As for the issue of how a relative clause with `ce’ as a head can get to be interpreted as a question, I assume that `ce’ is expletive, and thus devoid of referentiality, just like it is in complement clauses. Both relatives with `ce que’ (true relatives and questions disguised as relatives) are generated through a matching derivation involving a null operator. But the predicative relation holding between the operator and the head `ce’ only takes a value in true relatives, where `ce’ is referential. Concluding, subordinate clauses involving `ce que’ in French all have a DP+CP structure. However, the D element `ce’ is semantically referential and interpretable only in light-headed relatives
Tomara, Ourania. "Étude diachronique de traductions en grec moderne de deux textes du dix-huitième siècle français : les Lettres Persanes de Montesquieu et Zadig de Voltaire". Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040099.
Texto completo da fonteThe thesis studies the translations into Modern Greek of two works of the French Enlightenment. It examines the ideological hallmarks of the Greek Enlightenment in light of the sociocultural reality of the Greek-speaking world, in order to elucidate the origins of the language controversy as well as the various forces shaping translations and language at that time. It also explores the ideological affinities between Montesquieu, Voltaire and the Greek Enlightenment, as well as the reception of the two writers in Greece. The art of translation is separately analyzed and discussed, as is language as key to a novel methodological approach towards translation in the Greek-speaking world of the 19th century. Throughout the thesis, linguistic matters are addressed against the backdrop of ideological developments. The approach to the individual works is intended to reveal the linguistic choices that were made, how these affected the lexicological development of the language, and the sociocultural context in which this occurred. The thesis concludes with an extensive lexicological analysis of terms found in the corpus, predicated on a comparison of the different translations of the two works in question, from the 19th century to the present. The semantic evolution of the terms studied is traced in detail, using a wide range of literary sources and dictionaries, going back to the 1700s. Based on this historical cultural and lexicological groundwork, a number of conclusions are drawn. In the end, this study of the language and vocabulary reveals certain tendencies and, more generally, sheds new light on the dynamics and advancement of the Modern Greek lexicon as a whole
Mieulet, Elise. "La prolifération de moustiques vecteurs sur le littoral méditerranéen et dans les départements français d’Amérique : enjeux environnementaux et sanitaires". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3095.
Texto completo da fonteIn France,the human-mosquito relationship and the mosquito control policies show differentiated stories and features from one territory to another.Thus,if in FDA mosquitoes never ceased being epidemic factors,however,on the Mediterranean coast until recently they no longer represented a Health risk.Indeed,in the FDA,since their implementation,mosquito control campaigns have always been conducted for a sanitary purpose through vector control campaigns.Meanwhile,in metropolitan France,aiming to reduce the nuisance,these policies were initially implemented to ensure the inhabitants comfort.But,starting from 2004,following the durable installation of the Asian tiger mosquito on the French Mediterranean coastline and the progressive widening of its distribution area,the context evolves and,from now on,the metropolitan France is potentially exposed to health risks hitherto circumscribed to tropical areas.Mobilising the theoretical frameworks of environmental,health and risks sociologies,and based on a corpus gathering qualitative (311 interviews and direct observations) and quantitative data (1415 questionnaires),this PhD analyses the recombining of the relationship between environmental and health challenges in light of the vector mosquitoes proliferation.It initially focuses on the place and status of the insect within the different populations.Then, the socio-economic factors influencing the individual vulnerability of exposure to the insect are studied.The third part is devoted to the expectations and requests of the inhabitants regarding the public management of the mosquitoes’ proliferation.Finally, a diachronic analysis centered on the Alps-Maritimes region is developed
Vermander, Pierre. "Les reliefs de la voix. Oralité et écriture en moyen français". Thesis, Paris 3, 2020. https://bsnum.sorbonne-nouvelle.fr/files/original/1338/6773/These_en_cours_de_traitement.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteThis dissertation focuses on medieval orality’s representation. It questions the very notion of « representation » by challenging the fundamental assumption of the equivalency between the oral and written communication systems .The issue of the relationship between writing and orality (I) is introduced through a brief examination of the notion of phonocentrism (I, 1). A category of orality markers involving non-resemblance representational models has been created to address this as a representational rather than a grammatical issue (I, 2). Then we analyze both medieval and oral salient characteristics (variation, imprecision, and improvisation) illustrated by our literary and inquisitorial corpus (I, 3). Finally, we will examine the way our texts depict their own representation of writing and orality (I, 4) The ad hoc development of a new linguistic category allows us to consider the markers of orality as new areas of analysis rather than mere representations of orality (II). The notion of medieval variance will be used to develop an analytical model as the basis for a « pragmaphilology », i.e. a discourse involving the combinatory possibilities of the orality markers (II, 5). Based on concepts of conversation analysis, we will focus on the role of markers as turn-taking organizing devices, including their function as transition or interruption graphic indicators (II, 6). We have considered four specific case studies (Oh, Et, Et bien, Hen) aiming at re-evaluating existing hypotheses about the function of orality markers (II, 7). Finally, our goal is to demonstrate that contrary to the presupposition of the vacuity implicit to their massive presence in medieval texts, swear words should be considered effective means of truth-telling (II, 8)
Fujisaki, Kenji. "Devenir des stocks de carbone organique des sols après déforestation et mise en culture : une analyse diachronique en contexte amazonien". Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NSAM0036/document.
Texto completo da fonteSoil organic carbon is a key component of soil quality, and represents a large part of the terrestrial carbon stock, sensitive to human perturbations including land-use change. In Amazonia, deforestation induces greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions due to vegetation burning, but SOC stocks also change, which can induce GHG emissions. We show that these changes are misunderstood at the biome scale, because of the chronosequence approach that induces uncertainties, and because of the lack of management data of the agrosystems established after deforestation. We studied here an agronomic trial with a diachronic approach in French Guiana, deforested with a fire-free method that returned large amount of forest organic matter. Three agrosystems were set up: a grassland and two annual crop systems (maize/soybean) with and without soil tillage. We aimed to measure the fate of forest carbon and of SOC in the agrosystems. SOC stocks fluctuations were assessed up to 5 years after deforestation in the layer 0-30 cm, and a comparison forest-agroecosystems in the layer 0-100 cm was done at 5 years. Decomposition of woody debris buried in the soil after deforestation was assessed by mass loss approach and Rock-Eval pyrolysis. SOC distribution in granulometric fractions was measured 4 years after deforestation. δ13C methods were used in the grassland soil to distinguish the carbon derived from forest or grassland. We found that carbon inputs from deforestation increased SOC stocks, but only at short-term because woody debris decomposition was fast and did not induce a mid-term SOC storage. Five years after deforestation SOC stocks in grassland are similar to the forest, thanks to carbon inputs from root activity. In the annual crops SOC stocks decrease of about 18 %, and no difference is found according to the soil tillage. The decay of forest soil carbon, which affected the whole granulometric fractions of SOC, is thus offset in grassland but not in annual crops. RothC model could be validated in our study, but slightly overestimated SOC stocks in annual crops. Replaced in the Amazonian context, our results showed that the SOC decrease here was lower than other studies across humid tropics. This can probably be explained by the optimal management of the agrosystems, and the short time lapse studied
Domont, Ludivine. "Minéral/minéralité : étude diachronique de la construction discursive d'un descripteur sensoriel dans les textes prescriptifs et descriptifs de la filière vitivinicole". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCH016.
Texto completo da fonteMineral/minerality: diachronic analysis of the discursive construction of a sensory descriptor in prescriptive and descriptive texts from the wine industryAbstract: This thesis aims to analyze the sensory descriptors mineral and minerality in discourse with an empirical bottom-up and hypotheticodeductive approach. The first part is dedicated to the constitution of the corpus of study MINERS in the theoretical framework of corpus-based Linguistics and on the basis of selection criteria defined for the design of a comparable specialized corpus. In a second part dedicated to empirical analysis, exploitation of the corpus is based on the methodological framework of a computational and situated discourse analysis in order to reconstruct emergence and diffusion of the use of mineral and minerality. In a short-term diachronic and comparative perspective (1981-2014) between prescriptive and descriptive discourses in French, the methodological framework of discursive and lexical semantics is applied in order to carry out a semantic mapping of retained sensory descriptors. The goal of these lexical, semantic, discursive, pragmatic and cognitive analyses is to establish an "identikit" definition based on the underlying processes of categorization and conceptualization of the lexemes in question. The circularity of these concepts is also observed via a synchronic perspective (2006-2014) in German and English lingua franca descriptive discourses in order to take into account the conditions of diffusion and the uses of competing forms.Key words: corpus linguistics, comparable corpora, specialized discourses, oenology, discursive semantic, lexicology, categorization
Rosenberg, Maria. "La formation agentive en français : les composés [VN/A/Adv/P]N/A et les dérivés V-ant, V-eur et V-oir(e)". Phd thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för franska, italienska och klassiska språk, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00486981.
Texto completo da fonteElmoussaoui, Abdeloihid. "Application de l’analyse factorielle et de la classification automatique à une étude chronologique multidimensionnelle : cas du marché pétrolier français". Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066504.
Texto completo da fonteDaoust, Sophie. "Les voyelles moyennes antérieures d'Honorat Rambaud (1578) : interférences du provençal sur le français naissant de Marseille". Thèse, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14857.
Texto completo da fonteHamel, Amélie. "Analyse lexicale de l'histoire de la Nouvelle-France de Marc Lescarbot". Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7927.
Texto completo da fonteRideout, Douglas L. "Avoir ou être dans les formes verbales composées : conflits, usages et choix des grammairiens dans l'histoire du français de 1500 à 1789". Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10557.
Texto completo da fonteIn contemporary French, the hesitation in the choice between être and avoir as an auxiliary verb in compound verb forms (i.e. the passé composé) of certain intransitive verbs (i.e. tomber), especially in non-standard varieties of French, clearly demonstrates the gap that exists between normative French and everyday spoken French. This hesitation, or uncertainty, in the choice of the auxiliary is not an arbitrary or random characteristics of contemporary French; it falls squarely within a diachronical and cross-Romance trend that can be observed in the French language since its emancipation from Latin. This study, which is based on Grammaticalisation Theory, is an analysis of grammatical discourse from 1500 - the era when the first grammars of French appeared - to 1789 and the French revolution, a period when the language is said to have been standardised and its modern form established. The three centuries that this study covers are divided into four distinct periods, already well established by previous historical studies. These periods are : - The 16th century (1530-1599) - The first half of the Classical Period (1600-1650) - The second half of the Classical Period (1651-1715) - The Enlightenment (1716-1789) For each of these four periods, there are three levels of analysis. First, we identify the grammarians, lexicographers and essayists who, explicitly or implicitly, express their views on the use of the auxiliaries avoir and être in compound verbs forms, as well as, where possible, their native dialect and the model of French (usage) they promote. Second, we summarize the observations and commentaries of each author on the choice of auxiliary in compound verb forms, including any attempts to explain the variation attested during the period. Finally, we look at the description, for each period, of the use of auxiliaries in compound verb forms put forward by historians of the French language. Our study has allowed us to confirm certain established trends related to auxiliary use in compound verb forms in French and to identify others. As well, we identify, or define, the factors that influence auxiliary selection, such as the verbs most likely to alternate between the two auxiliaries, the grammarians who had the greatest influence or who set the groundwork for establishing the norm for this grammatical point, the social contexts in which the grammatical debate took place and the periods during which the concern over auxiliary selection was the most intense.