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Syuhada, Rahmat, Toni Prasetya, Ade Utia Detty e Merryshol Okhi. "Visualoutcome Pada Pasien Retinopati Diabetik Pasca Operasi Pars Plana Vitrektomi Di Rumah Sakit Pertamina Bintang Amin Provinsi Lampung Tahun 2020/2021". MAHESA : Malahayati Health Student Journal 1, n.º 4 (4 de dezembro de 2021): 394–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.33024/mahesa.v1i4.3958.
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ABSTRACT: VISUAL RESULTS OF DIABETES RETINOPATHY PATIENTS POST PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY OPERATION AT PERTAMINA BINTANG AMIN HOSPITAL Background: Diabetic retinopathy is a neovascular complication that is very specific for type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Based on data according to Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) in 2018, diabetes mellitus in 2013 reached 1.5% of patients with diabetes, and is increasing. to 2.0% in 2018. Treatment of diabetes mellitus patients with complications of diabetic retinopathy by performing pars plana vitrectomy surgery which is anoperative management that can improve eye visual or restore visual fuction. Research Objectives: To determine the visual outcome in diabetic retinopathy patients after pars plana vitrectomy surgery at Pertamina Bintang Amin Hospital, Lampung Province in 2020.Research Methods: This type of research was cross -sectional. Sampling was done by total sampling. Bivariate data analysis using Paired T-Test.Results: Statistical analysis using Paired T-Test showed the p-value for visualoutcome analysis in diabetic retinopathy patients before and after pars plana vitrectomy surgery was 0.000 (p-value <0.05).Conclusions: There are significant changes in diabetic retinopathy patients visualoutcome before pars plana vitrectomy surgery and after pars plana vitrectomy surgery at Pertamina Hospital Amin Star Lampung Province 2020. Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy, pars plana vitrectomy operation, Visualoutcome INTISARI: VISUALOUTCOME PADA PASIEN RETINOPATI DIABETIK PASCA OPERASI PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY DI RUMAH SAKIT PERTAMINA BINTANG AMIN Latar Belakang: Retinopati diabetik adalah komplikasi neovaskular yang sangat spesifik untuk diabetes tipe 1 dan diabetes tipe 2. Berdasarkan data menurut Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS) pada tahun 2018, penyakit diabetes melitus di tahun 2013 mencapai 1,5% pasien pengidap diabetes, dan meningkat menjadi 2,0% pada tahun 2018. Penanganan pada pasien diabetes melitus dengan komplikasi retinopati diabetik diantaranya adalah dengan dilakukannya operasi pars plana vitrektomi yang merupakan penatalaksanaan operatif yang dapat memperbaiki visus mata atau memulihkan fungsi penglihatan . Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk mengetahui visualoutcome pada pasien retinopati diabetik pasca operasi pars plana vitrektomi di Rumah Sakit Pertamina Bintang Amin Provinsi Lampung Tahun 2020.Metode Penelitian: Jenis penelitian ini adalah potong silang (Cross-sectioal). Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara total sampling. Analisis data bivariat dengan Paired T-Test.Hasil Penelitian: Analisis statistik menggunakan uji Paired T-Test menunjukkan p-value untuk analisa visualoutcome pada pasien retinopati diabetic sebelum dan sesudah operasi operasi pars plana vitrektomi sebesar 0,000 (p-value < 0,05).Kesimpulan: Terdapat perubahan yang signifikan pada visualoutcome pasien retinopati diabetik sebelum operasi pars plana vitrektomi dan sesudah operasi pars plana vitrektomi di Rumah Sakit Pertamina Bintang Amin Provinsi Lampung Tahun 2020. Kata Kunci: Retinopati Diabetik, Operasi Pars Plana Vitrektomi, Visualoutcome
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S. R. Ganorkar, P. N. Maldhure,. "Microaneurysms and Exudates Detection in Retinal Images using Deep Neural Network". Journal of Electrical Systems 20, n.º 2s (31 de março de 2024): 980–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/jes.1745.
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One frequent diabetes consequence that affects the eyes is diabetic retinopathy(DR). The most frequent reasonfor blindness in working-age adults in the world is diabetic retinopathy. One in three diabetics has diabetic retinopathy to some extent. DR affects nearly all persons having type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of people having type 2 diabetes to some extent after 20 years of diabetes. In the US, approximately 4.2 million persons, 40 and older have diabetic retinopathy. In the United States, 12% of all new occurrences of blindness are caused by diabetic retinopathy.A 95% reduction in the risk of blindness is possible with a diabetic retinopathy early detection and treatment. The retina's appearance, the presence or absence of Microaneurysm and Exudates, and the degree of participation are all taken into account in the grading process. It has been demonstrated that deep neural networks (DNNs) work well for automatically grading diabetic retinopathy. The features like Microaneurysm and Exudates that are diagnostic of various stages of diabetic retinopathy are taught to these DNNs utilizing vast datasets of retinal pictures and accompanying grading information.It has been demonstrated that deep neural networks (DNNs) are efficient in automatically detecting diabetic retinopathy from retinal pictures. Sensitivity, specificity, precision, accuracy, and Kappa value are used to measure how well DNNs work in detecting diabetic retinopathy; these values are 95.74%, 92.31%, 96.77%, 94.74%, and 0.87, respectively.
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Simorangkir, Hans Andre Hamonangan. "Mikroenkapsulasi Kombinasi Curcumin pada Kunyit (Curcuma Longa) dan Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) pada Daun Teh Hijau (Camellia Sinensis): Inovasi Terapi Pencegahan Diabetik Retinopati pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2". SCRIPTA SCORE Scientific Medical Journal 1, n.º 2 (1 de fevereiro de 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/scripta.v1i2.1234.
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ABSTRAK
Retinopati diabetik adalah komplikasi mikrovaskular diabetes mellitus tipe 2 (DM Tipe 2) yang menjadi penyebab utama kebutaan pada orang dewasa. Penderita DM Tipe 2 berisiko 25 kali lebih mudah mengalami kebutaan dibanding nondiabetes. Minimnya pengetahuan pasien mengenai gejala, tidak adekuatnya pelayan kesehatan, dan masalah ekonomi merupakan faktor yang menyebabkan sulitnya penanganan retinopati diabetik. Kombinasi curcumin pada kunyit dan epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCC) pada daun teh hijau memiliki keunggulan sebagai terapi pencegahan diabetik retinopati. Curcumin adalah komponen utama kunyit, senyawa polifenol golongan flavonoid ini memiliki beragam khasiat sebagai antiinflamasi, antioxidant, antiangiogenik, dan antiproliferatif. EGCG merupakan komponen paling aktif yang ditemukan pada teh hijau dan memiliki efek antioxidant paling kuat. Senyawa aktif yang ada pada kedua tumbuhan tersebut memilki efek yang spesifik dalam mencegah terjadinya diabetik retinopati. Beberapa mekanisme berlangsung dalam tingkat sel sehingga efek yang diperoleh lebih efisien. Senyawa aktif curcumin dan EGCG merupakan senyawa alami yang berasal dari tanaman sehingga tidak akan menimbulkan efek samping pada dosis normal. Penggunaan metode mikroenkapsulasi dalam mengemas ekstak kunyit dan daun teh hijau akan membantu efektivitas kerja masing –masing zat aktif yang terkandung di dalam kedua tumbuhan tersebut. Zat aktif tersebut nantinya akan dikemas dalam bentuk butiran kecil yang penggunaannya dapat dikonsumsi langsung oleh penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2 sebagai terapi pencegahan diabetik retinopati.
Kata Kunci: Curcumin, DM Tipe 2, EGCC, Mikroenkapsulasi, Retinopati Diabetik
ABSTRACT
Diabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM type 2) which is a major cause of blindness in adults. Patients with Type 2 diabetes are 25 times more likely to replace blindness than non-diabetics. The lack of patient knowledge about the symptom, inadequate health services, and economic problems are factors that cause difficulties in handling diabetic retinopathy. The combination of curcumin in turmeric and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCC) on green tea leaves has an advantage as a preventative therapy for diabetic retinopathy. Curcumin is the main component of turmeric, the polyphenol compound of the flavonoid group has a variety of properties as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiangiogenic, and antiproliferative. EGCG is the most active component found in green tea leaves and has the strongest antioxidant effect. The active compounds in both plants have specific effects on the use of diabetic retinopathy. Some of the ongoing results at the cellular level produced are obtained more efficiently. The active compound curcumin and EGCG are natural compositions needed from plants so that they will not cause side effects at normal doses. The use of microencapsulation method in packaging turmeric extract and green leaves will help each of them - support the active substances contained in both plants. This active substance will be packaged in small granules that can be used directly by people with type 2 diabetes mellitus as a preventative therapy for diabetic retinopathy.
Keywords: Curcumin, Diabetic Retinopathy, DM Type 2, EGCC, Microencapsulation.
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Tóth, Gábor, Zoltán Zsolt Nagy e János Németh. "A cukorbetegség szemészeti szövődményeinek modellalapú költségterhe Magyarországon". Orvosi Hetilap 162, n.º 8 (21 de fevereiro de 2021): 298–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2021.32031.
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Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: A diabeteses retinopathia minden harmadik cukorbeteget érinti a világban, és a dolgozó korú lakosság körében a vakság vezető oka. Célkitűzés: Tanulmányunk célja a diabeteses retinopathia prevalenciaalapú költségterhének meghatározása 2018-ban a 18 évnél idősebb korú lakosság körében Magyarországon. Módszer: Standardizált ’rapid assessment of avoidable blindness’ (RAAB) + diabeteses retinopathia modul alapú metodikán alapuló modellel analizáltuk a diabeteses retinopathia költségterhét. A diabeteses retinopathia okozta gazdasági terhet a Nemzeti Egészségbiztosítási Alapkezelő és a páciensek oldaláról felmerülő költségeket analizálva vizsgáltuk. A prevalenciaalapú diabeteses retinopathia költségmodellt a skót diabeteses retinopathia klasszifikációnak és a diabeteses retinopathia súlyossági stádiumának megfelelően állítottuk össze. Eredmények: A diabeteses retinopathia költségterhe 43,66 milliárd Ft volt 2018-ban. A két fő költségviselő az anti-VEGF-injekciók (28,91 milliárd Ft) és a vitrectomiák (8,09 milliárd Ft) voltak. Ez a két kezelési mód volt felelős a diabeteses retinopathiával kapcsolatban felmerülő összes költség 84,7%-áért. Az egy páciensre jutó átlagos költségteher 54 691 Ft volt hazánkban. Következtetés: A cukorbetegek szemészeti járó- és fekvőbeteg-ellátása alulfinanszírozott hazánkban. A proliferatív diabeteses retinopathia és a diabeteses maculaoedema növekvő társadalmi-gazdasági terhe miatt érdemes volna javítani a megelőzés, a szűrés és a korai kezelés jelenlegi helyzetén. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(8): 298–305. Summary. Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy affects every third people with diabetes mellitus in the world and is the leading cause of blindness in adults of working age. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse the economic burden associated with diabetic retinopathy in people aged 18 years and older in Hungary. Method: Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness (RAAB) with the diabetic retinopathy module (DRM) based diabetic retinopathy cost model study was conducted in Hungary in 2018. Economic burden of diabetic retinopathy was analysed from the perspective of the National Health Insurance Fund system and the patients. Our prevalence-based diabetic retinopathy cost model was performed according to the Scottish diabetic retinopathy grading scale and based on the diabetic retinopathy severity stadium. Results: The total diabetic retinopathy-associated economic burden was 43.66 billion HUF in 2018. The two major cost drivers were anti-VEGF injections (28.91 billion HUF) and vitrectomies (8.09 billion HUF) in Hungary; they covered to 84.7% of the total cost among people with diabetes mellitus. The diabetic retinopathy-related cost per patient was 54 691 HUF in Hungary. Conclusion: Outpatient and inpatient eye care of people with diabetes mellitus are underfinanced in Hungary. Due to the increasing socio-economic burden of proliferative diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular oedema, it would be important to invest in proliferative diabetic retinopathy and macular oedema prevention, screening and early treatment. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(8): 298–305.
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Babu, Niya, Nima Teresa Andrew, Mercy Paul, Chakkalackal Varkey Anthrayose, Anchitha Meenu Rajeev, Rakendu Puthiyedath, Amitha Sunny e Sreelakshmi K. T. Arun. "Diabetic Dermopathy (Shin Spots) and Diabetic Retinopathy - Are They Associated?" Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 7, n.º 48 (30 de novembro de 2020): 2806–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2020/575.
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BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major cause of avoidable blindness in the developing and the developed countries. Diabetic patients have 25 times more chance of becoming blind than the non-diabetics.1 According to the WHO, the number of people in India affected with Diabetes Mellitus in the year 2000 was 31.7 million which is estimated to rise to 79.4 million by 2030, which would be higher than any other country in the world. 75 percent of all Type 2 diabetics and almost all Type 1 diabetics are expected to develop diabetic retinopathy (DR) over a period of time.2 Diabetic dermopathy or shin spots are the commonest dermatological manifestation in patients with Diabetes Mellitus. It is also known as pigmented pretibial patches, spotted leg syndrome or diabetic dermangiopathy.3 Both diabetic retinopathy and dermopathy are manifestations of diabetic microangiopathy. We wanted to study the association between diabetic retinopathy and diabetic dermopathy. METHODS 182 patients (between 40 - 70 years of age) having diabetes mellitus for at least five years were included in the study and were examined for retinal changes and skin changes. The study period was six months. RESULTS Of the 182 diabetic patients included in this study, 106 (58.2 %) had diabetic retinopathy. Shin spots were seen in 158 cases (86.8 %). 100 (94.3 %) cases with diabetic retinopathy had shin spots. The mean duration of diabetes mellitus in patients with diabetic retinopathy was 11.85 years and it was 8.16 years in those without diabetic retinopathy. The mean duration of diabetes mellitus in patients with shin spots was 14.88 years and it was 10.70 years in those without shin spots. CONCLUSIONS There is significant association between diabetic retinopathy and diabetic dermopathy. KEYWORDS Diabetic Retinopathy, Shin Spots, Diabetic Dermopathy
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Sirait, Erwin, Muhammad Zarlis e Syahril Efendi. "Extraction Zoning Feature to Diabetic Retinopathic Detection Models". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, n.º 3.2 (20 de junho de 2018): 786. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.2.18757.
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The health sector is one area that has been applying various computer technologies. To diagnose a patient's illness was already done with computers. One is to diagnose diabetic Retinopathic disease that can happen to anyone. Diabetic Retinopathy, which is one of the complications caused by diabetes. Symptoms shown from this disease is mikroneurisma, hemorrhages, excudets and neovascularos. The detection of the disease is done by looking at the information on the retinal image and can then be classified according to severity. This research aims to develop a method that can be used utuk classify Diabetic Retinopathy. The process of classification is based fiture-fiture the retinal image obtained by the extraction process using extraction methods Zoning. The process is then performed to classify the Bayes Method and the results obtained Diabetic Retinopahty classification. The results of this study yield maximum accuracy 65%.
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Ali, Farhan, e Syed Nishat Akram. "Frequency of Diabetic Retinopathy in Diabetic Patients in Pakistan". Journal of Contemporary Insights in Health Sciences 1, n.º 1 (30 de junho de 2023): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.69591/jcihs.v1i1.5.
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Objective: To determine the frequency of diabetic retinopathy and its types in diabetic patients of Pakistan. Study Design: cross sectional study. Place and duration: study was conducted in department of Ophthalmology, Nishtar Hospital Multan from 1st June 2020 to 2nd June 2021 in one-year duration. Methodology: Study was conducted on 300 diabetic patients and presented at the outpatient’s department of hospital. Refraction was done in all patients with the Snellen chart and fundus was examined with slit lamp or fundoscopy method. Main variables of study were diabetic retinopathy, macular edema, and types of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy was further divided into proliferating retinopathy, non-proliferating retinopathy (mild, moderate and sever) according to severity of DR. Results: Out of three hundred patients 65.0% were observed with diabetics’ retinopathy. Prevalence of macular edema in diabetics patients was 13.0%. The diabetic's patients were categories according to retinopathy severity; 28.3% had mild NPDR, 13.0% had moderate NPDR, 11.0% had severe NPDR and 7.7% had PDR. Conclusion: Diabetic retinopathy either proliferative or non-proliferative is highly prevalent in Pakistani population. Early detection and management are necessary to prevent its role in blindness.
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De Castro, Milena Borges, Vitoria Aguiar De Faria, Edilberto Vanconcelos Pereira Júnior, Izabela Aguiar De Faria, Iago Assunção Pereira, Cristiano De Anchieta Lisboa e Virgílio Ribeiro Guedes. "Fatores de risco para retinopatia diabética: uma revisão". Revista de Patologia do Tocantins 4, n.º 3 (26 de setembro de 2017): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20873/uft.2446-6492.2017v4n3p66.
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Introdução: A retinopatia diabética é uma severa complicação recorrente do diabetes 1 e 2, afastá-la exige um acompanhamento médico enérgico e uma atenção principalmente para o controle de seus fatores de risco. Objetivo: Identificar fatores de risco para retinopatia diabética a partir de publicações recentes em base de dados diversas. Metodologia: Pesquisa retrospectiva, não-sistemática das bases de dados Lilacs, SciELO e Pubmed empregando os termos “retinopatia diabética”, “diabetes mellitus”, “fatores de risco”, “nefropatia diabética”, “glaucoma”, “catarata”, “miopia”, “controle glicêmico”, “hipertensão”, “dislipidemia”, “obesidade”, “gestação” e seus equivalentes em língua inglesa. Resultados: Os principais fatores de risco elegidos foram divididos em seções didáticas e explanados para melhor elucidação do tema. Conclusão: Fatores de risco para retinopatia diabética há algumas décadas são discutidos e avaliados em diversas pesquisas por diferentes regiões e mostram resultados confluentes em todo mundo.
Palavras-chave: Diabetes Mellitus, Retinopatia diabética, Fatores de risco.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy is a severe recurrent complication of diabetes 1 and 2, moving it away requires vigorous medical monitoring and attention primarily to control of its risk factors. Objective: To identify risk factors for diabetic retinopathy from recent publications in a variety of databases. Methods: Non-systematic search of Lilacs, SciELO and Pubmed databases using the terms "diabetic retinopathy", "diabetes mellitus", "risk factors", "diabetic nephropathy", "glaucoma", "cataract", "myopia", "Glycemic control", "hypertension", "dyslipidemia", "obesity", "gestation" And their equivalents in English. Results: The main risk factors chosen were divided into didactic sections and explanations to better elucidate the theme. Conclusion: Risk factors for diabetic retinopathy for some decades are discussed and evaluated in several researches by different regions and show confluent results worldwide.
Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic retinopathy, Risk factors.
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Agarwal, Swati, Rajiv Raman, Rani Padmaja Kumari, Himanshu Deshmukh, Pradeep G. Paul, Perumal Gnanamoorthy, Govindasamy Kumaramanickavel e Tarun Sharma. "Diabetic Retinopathy in Type II Diabetics Detected by Targeted Screening Versus Newly Diagnosed in General Practice". Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 35, n.º 8 (15 de agosto de 2006): 531–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v35n8p531.
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Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy in targeted screening diabetic patients (Group I) with newly diagnosed diabetic patients in general practice (Group II). Materials and Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study. Data were obtained from 25,313 subjects who participated in the diabetic screening camps, and 128 newly diagnosed diabetes who presented to the diabetic retinopathy screening camps in general practice in rural and urban south India. The study variables were collected from all patients who underwent eye examination from the target screening detected diabetics [(n = 173) Group I] and those newly diagnosed in general practice [(n = 128) Group II]. The variations in prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy in Group I and Group II and the factors affecting it were identified. Results: The occurrence of diabetic retinopathy was 6.35% (95% CI, 2.5-9.5) in Group I and 11.71% (95% CI, 5.6-16.4) in Group II. No significant difference was observed on occurrence of diabetic retinopathy, including sight-threatening retinopathy, in rural versus urban population and in Group I versus Group II. Patients diagnosed in general practice (Group II) with systolic blood pressure (BP) >140 were more likely to have retinopathy (P = 0.02). Conclusions: Diabetic retinopathy including sight-threatening complications was found at the time of diagnosis of diabetes in the targeted screening group as well as in newly diagnosed diabetics in the general practice group. Key words: Diabetes mellitus, Diabetic retinopathy, General practice, Screening
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Petrovič, Mojca Globočnik, Ines Cilenšek e Daniel Petrovič. "Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Gene Polymorphism (V16A) is Associated with Diabetic Retinopathy in Slovene (Caucasians) Type 2 Diabetes Patients". Disease Markers 24, n.º 1 (2008): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/940703.
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Substantial data indicate that oxidative stress is involved in the development of diabetic retinopathy. Two candidate genes that affect the oxidative stress are manganese mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). The aim of the present study was to examine the role of the V16A polymorphism of the Mn-SOD gene and the 4a/b polymorphism of the eNOS gene in the development of diabetic retinopathy in Caucasians with type 2 diabetes.In this cross sectional case-control study 426 unrelated Slovene subjects (Caucasians) with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled: 283 patients with diabetic retinopathy and the control group of 143 subjects with type 2 diabetes of duration of more than 10 years who had no clinical signs of diabetic retinopathy.A significantly higher frequency of the VV genotype of the V16A polymorphism of the Mn-SOD was found in patients with diabetic retinopathy compared to those without diabetic retinopathy (OR=2.1, 95% CI = 1.2–3.4;p= 0.006), whereas the 4a/b polymorphism of the eNOS gene failed to yield an association with diabetic retinopathy.We may conclude that the VV genotype of the V16A polymorphism of the Mn-SOD gene was associated with diabetic retinopathy in Caucasians with type 2 diabetes, therefore it might be used as a genetic marker of diabetic retinopathy in Caucasians.
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Yusran, Muhammad. "EVALUATION OF PANRETINA PHOTOCOAGOLATION TREATMENT IN DIABETIC RETINOPATHY PATIENTS IN RSUD DR. H. ABDUL MOELOEK". Unram Medical Journal 12, n.º 1 (11 de maio de 2023): 1315–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jku.v12i1.867.
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Latar belakang: Laser fotokoagulasi retina merupakan tatalaksana utama pada retinopati diabetik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai hasil tatalaksana laser fotokoagulasi pada pasien Non Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy(NPDR) berat dan Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy(PDR).
Metode: Penelitian potong lintang dengan subyek pasien retinopati diabetik di RSUD dr. H. Abdul Moeloek yang dilakukan laser fotokoagulasi retina lengkap. Penilaian dilakukan terhadap tajam penglihatan dan stabilitas penyakit. Analisis statistik non parametrik menggunakan uji chi-square.
Hasil: Subyek penelitian terdiri atas 30 orang dengan 23% dalam stadium PDR. Jenis kelamin wanita merupakan penderita terbanyak sebesar 63.3% dan rerata durasi menderita diabetes mellitus yaitu 5.15+3.3 tahun. Stabilitas penyakit didapatkan sebesar 60% dan stabilitas tajam penglihatan sebesar 63.3%. Perbedaan tajam penglihatan berdasarkan derajat retinopati diabetik paska tindakan laser bermakna secara statistik (p value= 0.004)
Kesimpulan:Tatalaksana laser PRP pada pasein retinopati diabetik di RSUDAM memberikan hasil stabilitas dan tajam penglihatan yang baik dan sebanding dengan hasil penelitian lain di Indonesia.
Kata kunci: laser fotokoagulasi, retinopati diabetik, tajam penglihatan
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Mursi, Zacky Aulia, Hendriati Hendriati e Laila Isrona. "Hubungan Kolesterol LDL dengan Derajat Retinopati Diabetik di Bagian Mata RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang Periode Januari-Desember 2015". Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas 7, n.º 4 (25 de dezembro de 2018): 498. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jka.v7.i4.p498-503.2018.
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Retinopati diabetik adalah salah satu komplikasi mikrovaskular Diabetes Melitus (DM) yang merupakan penyebab utama kebutaan pada orang dewasa. Kehilangan perisit adalah awal dari retinopati diabetik yang dapat dipengaruhi oleh modifikasi LDL. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan hubungan kolesterol LDL terhadap derajat retinopati diabetik di RSUP DR. M. Djamil Padang. Penelitian ini adalah studi analitik observasional dengan menggunakan desain cross sectional melalui pengumpulan data sekunder di bagian Instalasi Rekam Medis RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang periode Januari sampai Desember 2015. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan adalah 54 orang. Data yang diperoleh diuji menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney. Berdasarkan penelitian ini ditemukan rerata umur pasien retinopati diabetik adalah 57,02 (7,41) tahun. Jumlah pasien laki-laki dan perempuan sama banyak. Pada pasien dengan kolesterol LDL terkontrol ditemukan retinopati diabetik yaitu mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (mild NPDR) = 57,1% dan moderate NPDR = 42,9%. Pada pasien dengan kolesterol LDL tidak terkontrol ditemukan retinopati diabetik yaitu mild NPDR (32,5%), moderate NPDR (27,5%), severe NPDR (12,5%) dan ditemukan proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) dengan derajat early = 5,0% dan high risk = 22,5%. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan nilai signifikansi p < 0,015. Berdasarkan hasil ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kolesterol LDL terhadap derajat retinopati diabetik.
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Mursi, Zacky Aulia, Hendriati Hendriati e Laila Isrona. "Hubungan Kolesterol LDL dengan Derajat Retinopati Diabetik di Bagian Mata RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang Periode Januari-Desember 2015". Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas 7, n.º 4 (25 de dezembro de 2018): 498. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jka.v7i4.908.
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Retinopati diabetik adalah salah satu komplikasi mikrovaskular Diabetes Melitus (DM) yang merupakan penyebab utama kebutaan pada orang dewasa. Kehilangan perisit adalah awal dari retinopati diabetik yang dapat dipengaruhi oleh modifikasi LDL. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan hubungan kolesterol LDL terhadap derajat retinopati diabetik di RSUP DR. M. Djamil Padang. Penelitian ini adalah studi analitik observasional dengan menggunakan desain cross sectional melalui pengumpulan data sekunder di bagian Instalasi Rekam Medis RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang periode Januari sampai Desember 2015. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan adalah 54 orang. Data yang diperoleh diuji menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney. Berdasarkan penelitian ini ditemukan rerata umur pasien retinopati diabetik adalah 57,02 (7,41) tahun. Jumlah pasien laki-laki dan perempuan sama banyak. Pada pasien dengan kolesterol LDL terkontrol ditemukan retinopati diabetik yaitu mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (mild NPDR) = 57,1% dan moderate NPDR = 42,9%. Pada pasien dengan kolesterol LDL tidak terkontrol ditemukan retinopati diabetik yaitu mild NPDR (32,5%), moderate NPDR (27,5%), severe NPDR (12,5%) dan ditemukan proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) dengan derajat early = 5,0% dan high risk = 22,5%. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan nilai signifikansi p < 0,015. Berdasarkan hasil ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kolesterol LDL terhadap derajat retinopati diabetik.
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Shetty, Mallika S., Hasan Sarfaraz, Sanath Kumar Shetty e Tushar Milind Wankhede. "Evaluation of Oral Hygiene in Type 2 Diabetics with and without Diabetic Retinopathy - A Comparative Study Done at Yenepoya Hospital". Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, n.º 31 (2 de agosto de 2021): 2490–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/509.
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BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major microvascular complication of diabetes. It has a significant impact on the world’s health systems. Due to a rapid increase in disease burden globally, there arises the need for newer methods of early detection of DR to prevent various complications including total blindness. The association between periodontal problems and diabetes has been studied widely and a positive correlation has been found. Literature search revealed that no studies have been done so far comparing the oral hygiene status among type 2 diabetics with and without retinopathy, thus the purpose of the study was to compare oral hygiene status among type 2 diabetics with and without progressing diabetic retinopathy and thus look for any association between existing oral hygiene status and severity of diabetic retinopathy. METHODS Study was conducted on type 2 diabetic patients with and without progressing diabetic retinopathy visiting the Department of Opthalmology at the University Medical College. A thorough evaluation of oral hygiene status of patients participating in the study was done using OHI - S and Gingival Index. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference between the OHI - S and diabetic retinopathy, P value (0.522). The gingival index showed statistically significant relation with severity of diabetic retinopathy with P - value of 0.027. The intergroup comparison of the association between the mean OHI - S and GI scores and severity of diabetic retinopathy was found to be statistically insignificant P < 0.269 and P < 0.125. CONCLUSIONS There could be a plausible relationship between diabetic retinopathy and oral hygiene condition. Because of the regional variation in the oral hygiene condition further prospective studies on a large population are required to ascertain whether the existing oral hygiene status has a direct impact on the progression and severity of diabetic retinopathy. KEY WORDS Diabetic Retinopathy, Oral Hygiene, Periodontitis, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Oral Hygiene Index Simplified, Gingival Index
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Shinde, Pranaykumar. "Study of Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer Thickness in Diabetics - with and without Diabetic Retinopathy". Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, n.º 31 (2 de agosto de 2021): 2427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/497.
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BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous group of diseases, characterized by a state of chronic hyperglycemia, resulting from varied aetiologies. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common ocular complication of diabetes with 5 % of diabetics, progressing to severe visual loss of 5/200 or less. 3 Very few studies have been conducted on optical coherence tomography (OCT) changes in diabetic retinopathy in Indian scenario. We wanted to evaluate the association of retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness with diabetic retinopathy and assess the possibility of RNFL thickness changes being a precursor to diabetic retinal changes. METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, Acharya Vinobha Bhave Rural Hospital. A total of 120 patients were enrolled for the study and divided into four groups of equal population as controls / non-diabetics (NDM), diabetics without retinopathy (NDR), diabetics with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and diabetics with proliferative retinopathy (PDR). Patients were evaluated for visual acuity, RNFL thickness, intraocular pressure(IOP), cup disc ratio in each case and data was statistically analysed. RESULTS Mean temporal RNFL thickness in PDR group was 73.72 ± 15.22 and was statistically significant (P = 0.0001) than temporal RNFL thickness in controls (60.41 ± 7.56), NDR (61.06 ± 6.51) and NPDR (59.01 ± 5.51). Mean cup-disc disc ratio was 0.26 ± 0.08 in controls, was 0.28 ± 0.11 in NDR group, 0.32 ± 0.08 in NPDR group and 0.36 ± 0.11 in PDR group and was statistically significant (P = 0.026). However no statistically significant difference was seen in global average RNFL thickness across groups though it was more in NPDR and PDR when compared to NDM group, and was least in NDR group. CONCLUSIONS There was statistically significant increase in temporal RNFL thickness in diabetic group which worsens with the disease. Hence temporal RNFL thickness may be estimated in diabetic patients to predict transformation to diabetic retinopathy and intervene at an early stage. KEY WORDS Diabetes Mellitus, Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer, Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy, Non Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
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Rashad Qamar, Rao Muhammad, Sadiq Hussain Hussain e Rao Muhammad Aslam Tariq. "DIABETIC RETINOPATHY". Professional Medical Journal 23, n.º 05 (10 de maio de 2016): 571–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2016.23.05.1585.
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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence andcharacteristics of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients attending the free eye camps for cataractsurgery held in southern Punjab, Pakistan. Study Design: It was a cross sectional study. Setting:Free eye camps organized in different regions of the Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Period: July2004 to June 2015. Material and methods: These community-based eye camps were held bythe Department of Ophthalmology in collaboration of department of Pathology, B.V. Hospital,Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Participants were interviewed and examined by the ophthalmologists todetermine their demographic characteristics, presence & duration of medical conditions andthe regularity of their visits to eye care providers. All patients screened to have diabetes mellitus(DM) by pathologists underwent an eye examination through dilated pupils by using direct/indirect ophthalmoscope and slit-lamp bio-microscope to check for any signs of DR. Mainoutcome measure was the presence of diabetic retinopathy and its complications, which wasclassified as mild, moderate, severe NPDR, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) basedon the clinical examination. Results: Of the 7989 screened patients, 759 (9.5%) had type-II DM.Of them, 638 patients (84%) underwent eye examination. Mean age of the diabetics was 45.75 ±8.17 years. Diabetic retinopathy was prevalent in 93 (15%) patients followed by non-proliferativeretinopathy was found in 87 (93.5%) patients and proliferative retinopathy was found only in 6(6.5%) patients. More male 52 (20.39%) were effected of DR as compare to female 41 (10.7%).Highly significant association of DR with duration of DM was seen. (P: 0.001). Conclusion: Itis concluded in this study that DR is commonly prevalent in Southern Punjab and the mostcommon type of DR is non-proliferative retinopathy. DR frequently prevalent in male diabeticsas compare to female diabetics and significant association of duration of DM with DR wasfound.
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Lim, Marcus CC, Shu Yen Lee, Bobby CL Cheng, Doric WK Wong, Sze Guan Ong, Chong Lye Ang e Ian YS Yeo. "Diabetic Retinopathy in Diabetics Referred to a Tertiary Centre from a Nationwide Screening Programme". Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 37, n.º 9 (15 de setembro de 2008): 753–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v37n9p753.
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Introduction: The aim of the study was to describe the prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in a multi-ethnic diabetic patient cohort referred for retinal evaluation from a nationwide diabetic retinopathy screening programme in Singapore. Materials and Methods: Seven hundred and forty-two patients, aged 21 to 95, referred for suspected diabetic retinopathy on annual one-field non-mydriatic 45 degree retinal photographs (Topcon TRC-NW6, Topcon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) from primary care to the Singapore National Eye Centre diabetic retinopathy clinic were included. The photographs had been interpreted by 24 trained family physicians accredited every 2 years with a training programme. Patients underwent a standardised interview and examination. Fundi were examined with indirect ophthalmoscopy by 2 examiners. Presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy was graded into none, mild, moderate, severe, very severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Macular oedema and clinically significant macular oedema were also graded. Results: Ninety-nine per cent of patients were type 2 diabetics. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was 38.1%, visionthreatening retinopathy was 11.8% and macular oedema was 6.9%. There were no racial differences. Significant predictors of any retinopathy were longer duration of diabetes, lower body mass index, being on treatment for hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia and use of diabetic medication. Predictors for vision-threatening retinopathy were younger age, longer duration of diabetes and lower body mass index. Conclusions: The use of one-field non-mydriatic 45 degree photography as a screening tool for diabetic retinopathy resulted in a cohort of which 38.1% had diabetic retinopathy. Risk factors for diabetic retinopathy of this cohort are also presented. Key words: Diabetic retinopathy, Epidemiology, Ethnology, Singapore, Screening
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Rashid, Nada F. "Correlation between Serum Sialic Acid Level and frequent risk factors of Diabetic Retinopathy". Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad 52, n.º 4 (2 de janeiro de 2011): 449–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.524955.
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Background: Diabetic retinopathy is an important complication of diabetes mellitus. It is supposed that elevated sialic acid in diabetes mellitus plays an important role in diabetic retinopathy. This study investigated serum total sialic acid levels related to glycemic control, blood pressure, retinopathy, and serum lipid level in diabetic retinopathy patients.Patients & Methods: Type 2 diabetic patients aged (56.47±10.68) years were recruited for the study. Fasting venous blood samples were collected from 132 diabetic subjects of whom 79 without retinopathy and 53 were diabetic with retinopathy. All the blood samples were processed for serum total sialic acid (TSA), fasting serum glucose (FSG), HbA1c, and lipid profile. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was recorded by standard mercury sphygmomanometer.Results: Serum (TSA), FSG, HbA1c, triglycerides (TG), and LDL-cholesterol were increased significantly (P<0.01 for TSA, FSG, HbA1c; P<0.05 for TG, and LDL) in patients with diabeticretinopathy (DR) compared to diabetics without retinopathy. Duration of diabetes and blood pressure were also significantly higher in DR patient compared to those without retinopathy. Correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between serum TSA and several risk factors of diabetic retinopathy: diabetic duration, FSG, HbA1c, systolic blood pressure SBP, diastolic blood pressure DBP, and LDL in diabetic patients with retinopathy.Conclusion: It is concluded that elevated serum total sialic acid level is strongly associated with the presence of diabetic retinopathy, a microvascular complication of diabetes. Increasing concentration of sialic acid is clinically correlated with several risk factors of diabetic retinopathy including glycemic control (blood sugar and HbA1c), hypertension, and duration of diabetes, triglycerides, and LDL. These findings strengthen the hypothesis that the increase in serum sialic acid is early manifestation of diabetic retinal disease.
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Yefrenes Dillak, Rocky, e Agus Harjoko. "Klasifikasi Fase Retinopati Diabetes Menggunakan Backpropagation Neural Network". IJCCS (Indonesian Journal of Computing and Cybernetics Systems) 7, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2013): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijccs.3049.
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AbstrakRetinopati diabetes (DR) merupakan salah satu komplikasi pada retina yang disebabkan oleh penyakit diabetes. Tingkat keparahan DR dibagi atas empat kelas yakni: normal, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), dan macular edema (ME). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan suatu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk melakukan klasifikasi terhadap fase DR. Data yang digunakan sebanyak 97 citra yang fitur – fiturnya diekstrak menggunakan gray level cooccurence matrix (GLCM). Fitur ciri tersebut adalah maximum probability, correlation, contrast, energy, homogeneity, dan entropy. Fitur – fitur ini dilatih menggunakan jaringan syaraf tiruan backpropagation untuk dilakukan klasifikasi. Kinerja yang dihasilkan dari pendekatan ini adalah sensitivity 100%, specificity 100% dan accuracy 97.73% Kata kunci— fase retinopati diabetes, GLCM, backpropagation neural network Abstract Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the complications on retina caused by diabetes. The aim of this studyis to develop a system that can be used for automatic mass screenings of diabetic retinopathy. Four classes are identified: normal retina, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), and macular edema (ME). Ninenty-seven retinal fundus images in used in this study. Six different texture features such as maximum probability, correlation, contrast, energy, homogeneity, and entropy were extracted from the digital fundus images using gray level cooccurence matrix (GLCM). These features were fed into a backpropagation neural network classifier for automatic classification. The proposed approach is able to classify with sensitivity 100%, specificity 100% and accuracy 97.73% Keywords— diabetic retinopathy stages, GLCM, backpropagation neural network
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Vora, Parshva, e Sudhir Shrestha. "Detecting Diabetic Retinopathy Using Embedded Computer Vision". Applied Sciences 10, n.º 20 (17 de outubro de 2020): 7274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10207274.
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Diabetic retinopathy is one of the leading causes of vision loss in the United States and other countries around the world. People who have diabetic retinopathy may not have symptoms until the condition becomes severe, which may eventually lead to vision loss. Thus, the medically underserved populations are at an increased risk of diabetic retinopathy-related blindness. In this paper, we present development efforts on an embedded vision algorithm that can classify healthy versus diabetic retinopathic images. Convolution neural network and a k-fold cross-validation process were used. We used 88,000 labeled high-resolution retina images obtained from the publicly available Kaggle/EyePacs database. The trained algorithm was able to detect diabetic retinopathy with up to 76% accuracy. Although the accuracy needs to be further improved, the presented results represent a significant step forward in the direction of detecting diabetic retinopathy using embedded computer vision. This technology has the potential of being able to detect diabetic retinopathy without having to see an eye specialist in remote and medically underserved locations, which can have significant implications in reducing diabetes-related vision losses.
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Salman Tariq, Mafaza Naseem, M. Rizwan Khan, M. Imran Janjua, Hurmat Fatima Azeem e Fuad Ahmad Khan Niazi. "Risk factors of diabetic retinopathy - a cross sectional study from Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi." Professional Medical Journal 30, n.º 02 (31 de janeiro de 2023): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2023.30.02.6734.
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Objective: To assess the major risk factors of diabetic retinopathy in patients presenting to the eye OPD of the Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi. Study Design: Descriptive Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi. Period: March 2018 to September 2018. Material & Methods: 330 patients presenting at the diabetic clinic of Holy Family Hospital aged between 30-70 years with both type I and type II diabetes for ≥5 years (diagnosed by checking fasting blood sugar or HbA1C). History including age, gender, weight, height, duration of diabetes mellitus and control of diabetes mellitus was taken on a pre-designed proforma. Slit lamp examination was performed by the consultant ophthalmologist to check for Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR and PDR). Results: Mean age of the patients was 50.4±9.8. Patients were distributed according to the age groups showing that 56(56%) of the patients were diabetics, 61(49.9%) with NPDR and 48(48%) with PDR in the 30-50 year group. While 51-70 year group included 44(44%) diabetics, 69(53.1%) with NPDR and 52(52%) with PDR. There was no significant association between history of hypertension and diabetic retinopathy (p=0.804) or BMI and diabetic retinopathy (p=0.451). There was significant association between diabetic retinopathy and duration of diabetes (p=0.035) as well as diabetic retinopathy and Hb1Ac levels (p=0.001). Gender variations were statistically significant (p=0.001), with females being more affected than males. Conclusion: Diabetic retinopathy is strongly associated with female gender, longer duration of diabetes and poor glycemic control.
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Daza, Jessica, Jocelyn Sy, Maria Victoria Rondaris e John Philip Uy. "Telemedicine Screening of the Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy Among Type 2 Diabetic Filipinos in the Community". Journal of Medicine, University of Santo Tomas 6, n.º 2 (31 de outubro de 2022): 999–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.35460/2546-1621.2022-0024.
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Purpose: To determine the feasibility of telemedicine screening for diabetic retinopathy in a community setting and to determine the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among Filipino patients with type 2 diabetes in the community. Study Design: Cross-sectional study among patients with type 2 diabetes in six community health centers in an urban city in the Philippines. Materials and methods: Subjects were examined from November 2018 to December 2018. A three-field non-mydriatic 45’ fundus photographs were taken for each patient and photographs were uploaded in cloud storage and read by a retina specialist in a tertiary hospital for assessment of diabetic retinopathy and grading of the fundus photographs. The results were sent back to local health centers. Results: A total of 387 eyes of 195 persons were examined. Overall, 288 out of 387 eyes (95.36%) had gradable quality fundus photo (grade 3 and higher) and did not need eye dilation. Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among the respondents was 25.26% - 3.16% had mild diabetic retinopathy, 15.79% had moderate diabetic retinopathy, 3.68% had severe diabetic retinopathy, and 3.68% had proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Other fundus findings noted include hypertensive retinopathy glaucomatous optic nerve, age-related macular degeneration, posterior vitreous detachment, clinically significant macular edema, and epiretinal membrane. Conclusion: Due to the significant number of patients with diabetic retinopathy among type 2 diabetics in the community, telemedicine screening was a feasible alternative to dilated fundus examination and may be considered as part of the local health program to prevent blindness due to diabetes.
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Karimsab, D., e SK Razak. "Study of aerobic bacterial conjunctival flora in patients with diabetes mellitus". Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology 5, n.º 1 (25 de março de 2013): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v5i1.7818.
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Introduction: Normal bacterial flora may be altered by a variety of factors. Objective: To study the aerobic bacterial conjunctival flora in patients with diabetes mellitus and to find its clinical significance by comparing the results to the conjunctival flora of non-diabetic subjects. Materials and methods: A total of 75 diabetic patients were included as cases and 25 nondiabetics as controls to compare the results. Specimens for the study of conjunctival flora were taken by rubbing sterile cotton-tipped swabs to the inferior palbebral conjunctiva. The conjunctival culture report of the patients with diabetic mellitus was compared to that of nondiabetic subjects. Results: Positive conjunctival cultures were seen in a higher percentage of patients with diabetes (unilateral and bilateral positive conjunctival cultures 34.66 % and 58.66 % respectively) compared to that in non-diabetic controls (unilateral and bilateral positive conjunctival cultures 24 % and 16 % respectively). Diabetics showed a higher proportion of coagulase negative staphylococci (45.33 %), compared to the non-diabetic group (16 %). Among the diabetic patients, positive conjunctival cultures were detected more frequently in those with diabetic retinopathy compared to those without retinopathy. A higher proportions of bilateral positive conjunctival cultures were seen in cases with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (38.63 %) in comparison to patients with no retinopathy and different stages of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Conclusion: The conjunctival floral pattern with increased bacteria in diabetics is a predominant cause of many diabetes-related ocular infections. The presence of diabetic retinopathy is an indicator for increased colonization of conjunctiva, and its severity correlates with the severity of diabetic retinopathy. Nepal J Ophthalmol 2013; 5(9):28-32 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v5i1.7818
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Kurtul, Naciye, Hülya Aksoy, Sadrettin Pençe, Ebubekir Bakan e Orhan Baykal. "The alterations of serum nitric oxide levels in diabetic retinopathy". European Journal of Therapeutics 12, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2001): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.58600/eurjther.2001-12-1-1422-arch.
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Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the major complications of diabetes mellitus. Despite intensive research effort the pathogenic mechanisms important to the initation and progression of DR are stili poorly understood. Endothelial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of DR. Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent vasodilator released by endothelial cells that may play an important role in modulating the vascular tone. in this study, serum NO level in samples obtained from Type il diabetic patients with retinopathy was measured spectrophotometricly. Thirtytwo patients that were included in the study, were grouped with respect to the degree of retinopathy. An association between serum NO level of the patients and the degree of retinopaty was sought. The serum NO Ievel in patients with diabetic retinopathy was signifıcantly decreased compare to control group. For this reason it is concluded !hat this change in serum level of NO may have a role in pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy.
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D C, Dr Vinutha. "A Systematic Literature Review on Diabetic Retinopathy Stage Diagnosis Using Deep Learning Approach". INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, n.º 03 (13 de março de 2024): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem29248.
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Diabetic retinopathy is a medical condition that occurs due to diabetic mellitus causing blindness in the later stages. As the name says it is caused for people with the diabetes of type 1 and type 2 for a period of 20 years or more. However, early diagnosis and proper treatment at the initial stages could reduce aggressive forms of threatening retinopathy by up to 90%. According to the 2019 census from the ninth edition of the IDF Diabetes Atlas, India is put in the second slot right up to 2045 with people who are aged between 20-79 years. In 2019, India had 77 diabetic patients. In the recent survey of 2022 by the Union Health Ministry of India, almost 17% of the Indian population has diabetic retinopathy of which 3.6% is sight threatening. Specific to the rural population, 10.4% had diabetes of which 10.3% were diabetic retinopathy affected. From the WHO survey, it is estimated that by 2030, diabetics with retinopathy will increase by 50%. Without proper treatment, the individual is more likely to lose his vision. So, to prevent it, early detection of diabetic retinopathy and its stage is necessary. Key Words: Diabetic retinopathy, fundus, proliferative and non-proliferative, deep learning.
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Pramod, Maria, B. Radhakrishnan e Sathish Kumar. "Visual outcome following cataract surgery in diabetic retinopathy patients". Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 10, n.º 2 (15 de julho de 2024): 293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.052.
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This study was conducted to find out the visual outcomes and factors that affect visual outcomes following cataract surgery in diabetic retinopathy patients. : The study included 200 patients, 100 patients with diabetes but without diabetic retinopathy, and 100 patients with diabetic retinopathy for this study. The duration of diabetics will be equal in two groups. Ophthalmic examination included visual acuity, anterior segment, and fundus examination- stage of retinopathy pre and post-operative, evaluation 12 months postoperatively included visual acuity (VA), retinopathy progression, and macular edema incidence.: Postoperative visual acuity increased by 2 or more lines in patients. Progression of retinopathy occurred in 26.5% of eyes after cataract surgery and in 9.5% of non-operated fellow eyes. The most common complication during surgery was intraoperative miosis accounting for 12%. The most common long-term complication after surgery was cystoid macular edema. The most common complication following surgery was corneal edema (19%) Cataract surgery in diabetic patients results in a good visual outcome. However, duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus plays an important role in progression of cataract. Poor control of diabetes mellitus was associated with an earlier onset of diabetic retinopathy, as well as the progression of previously controlled retinopathy. Uncomplicated cataract surgery seems to exacerbate the progression of DR in patients with worse-controlled diabetes.
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Ostermann, Helmut, Diethelm Tschöpe, Wolfgang Greber, Hans-Werner Meyer-Rüsenberg e Jürgen van de Loo. "Enhancement of Spontaneous Fibrinolytic Activity in Diabetic Retinopathy". Thrombosis and Haemostasis 68, n.º 04 (1992): 400–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1646285.
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SummaryThe fibrinolytic system was studied in 96 patients with type I diabetes mellitus. Patients were grouped according to their degree of retinopathy; 38 patients with no evidence of retinopathy, 28 patients with background retinopathy and 30 patients with proliferative retinopathy. Thirty healthy individuals served as controls. The basal fibrinolytic activity as measured by clot lysis time and t-PA activity was increased in diabetic patients. This was associated with low levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor. Increased levels of D-dimer in diabetic patients further indicate enhanced in vivo fibrinolysis. The increase in fibrinolytic activity was highest in diabetics without retinopathy, and decreased with increasing retinopathy. Endothelial release of t-PA after venous occlusion was not different between controls and all diabetic groups. These findings suggest that in type I diabetics the fibrinolytic system is in an activated state. With worsening of retinopathy this increase in fibrinolytic activity diminishes.
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Nasir, Saad, Beenish Khan e Muhammad Muneer Quraishy. "Frequency of Diabetic Retinopathy in patients with Type-II diabetes mellitus in an upscale clinic in Karachi." Professional Medical Journal 27, n.º 02 (1 de fevereiro de 2020): 274–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2020.27.02.3406.
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Objectives: The objective of this study is to measure the current frequency of diabetic retinopathy in Karachi and the stage at which they present first to the outpatient department. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: A private clinic setup in Karachi. Period: 1st July 2015 to 30th June 2016. Material & Methods: In this study, 440 eyes of 220 diabetics were included and frequency of diabetic retinopathy was measured. Individuals ranging from 20 – 80 years age were included. Ophthalmic plus systemic relevant history from every patient was taken in detail. Standard Snellen’s chart was used to check the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Slit lamp examination was done along with fundoscopy with +90D and +70D lens after dilatation with Tropicamide 1%. All patients were examined for diabetic retinopathy. Along with it, stage of diabetic retinopathy, association of diabetic retinopathy with hypertension, age and duration of diabetes was also taken into consideration. Results: The frequency of diabetic retinopathy amongst 220 patients was found to be 15.9% while 6.6 % of them were also having associated maculopathy. The stages of diabetic retinopathy were found to be 10.4% background diabetic retinopathy(BDR), 0.9% preproliferative diabetic retinopathy(PPDR), 3.4% proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR) and 1.1% advance diabetic eye disease(ADED). Overall, 58.5% of the patients also had hypertension along with it. Conclusion: Nationwide studies are needed to be conducted to prevent this complication from progressing while the incidence of diabetic retinopathy is increasing very alarmingly among the society.
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Billah, Md Mostarshid, Muhammad Abdur Rahim, Md Anisur Rahman, Palash Mitra, Tufayel Ahmed Chowdhury, Md Emtiaz Hossan, Md Golzar Hossain, SM Ashrafuzzaman, Khwaja Nazim Uddin e Md Abul Mansur. "Pattern and Risk Factors of Diabetic Retinopathy among Type 2 Diabetic Patients: Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital". Journal of Medicine 17, n.º 1 (23 de outubro de 2016): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v17i1.30053.
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Background: Diabetic retinopathy is the commonest cause of blindness in the working age group of both developed and developing countries. It is the indicator of all micro-vascular complications of diabetes mellitus. This study was aimed to find out the frequency and pattern of diabetic retinopathy among hospitalized adult type 2 diabetic patients.Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Medicine and Endocrinology of BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka over a period of six months. Retinopathy was determined by fundoscopic examination in dilated pupil. Data were collected in preformed questionnaire including demographic characteristics, fundoscopic findings, and laboratory investigation reports with prior informed consent of the patients.Results: Total patients were 94, male were 52 and female were 42. Mean age of the patients was 52.2 ± 11.12 years. Hypertension was the most common (42.8%) co-morbid condition followed by dyslipidemia (33%), nephropathy (34%), neuropathy (21.3%), ischemic heart disease (9.6%) and stroke (5.3%). Study showed 37.23% Patient had good glycemic control (HbA1C <7%) and 62.77% had poor glycemic control. The frequency of retinopathy of any form was present in 36.2% patients. Among them, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) was present in 78.79%, proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) 6.06%, maculopathy 6.06%, both maculopathy and PDR in 9.09% diabetic patients. Among NPDR, 46.15 % was mild, 26.92% was moderate and 26.92% was severe NPDR. This study also revealed retinopathy was more with increase in duration of diabetes (66.6% vs. 17.3% p=0.01), in poorly controlled diabetic than good control (52.54% vs. 8.5%, p=0.01), those with hypertension (55% vs. 22%, p=0.02), and those having diabetic nephropathy (78.12% vs. 14.51%, p=0.01).Conclusion: This study showed frequency of diabetic retinopathy was 36.2% and among retinopathy NPDR was predominate. Poor glycemic control, increase duration of diabetes, presence of other microvascular complication i.e. nephropathy found to be significant risk factors for developing retinopathy.J MEDICINE January 2016; 17 (1) : 17-20
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Varma, Nandini, e Sinumol Thulaseedharan. "Study on Risk Factors Associated with Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type-2 Diabetic Patients, Attending a Tertiary Care Centre in Kerala". International Journal of Research and Review 10, n.º 11 (3 de novembro de 2023): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20231116.
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Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a significant public health concern affecting individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). Despite treatment advances, a substantial proportion of patients do not respond adequately. This study investigates risk factors associated with the progression of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in type-2 diabetes patients. Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted on diabetic patients older than 40 years with at least 5 years of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus history, attending ophthalmology clinic in Government Medical College, Thrissur, a tertiary care hospital. Data from patients with retinal examination showing diabetic retinopathy were analyzed. Records with missing data were excluded. Patients with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (n=153) were compared with those having Non- Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (n=230). Various risk factors were assessed using statistical analysis. Results: Among the studied variables, sex, duration of diabetes, serum urea, serum creatinine, serum triglycerides, and chronic kidney disease were significantly different between Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy and Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy patients. Binary logistic regression revealed that duration of diabetes (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.1 - 2.39) and serum creatinine (OR =1.8, 95% CI = 1.1 - 2.39) independently influenced Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy development. Conclusion: This study highlights that longer diabetes duration and elevated serum creatinine levels independently increase the risk of Non- Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy progressing to Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy in type-2 diabetic patients. Other factors such as age, gender, hyperlipidemia, systemic hypertension, type of diabetic treatment, and history of ischemic heart disease did not show significant associations with disease progression. These findings emphasize the importance of close monitoring, early detection, and intervention in patients with Non- Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy, particularly those with a longer diabetic history, to prevent Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy development. Further research should explore the causal relationship between serum creatinine and diabetic retinopathy progression and evaluate the impact of renal disease management on disease outcomes. Keywords: Diabetic Retinopathy, diabetes mellitus (DM), Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).
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Bukke, Sidda Naik, Rama Lakshmi Badugu, Ramachandraiah Gurapa, Sree Pushpa Vani Gopavaram e Rama Thulasi Bukkacherla. "Clinical Study on Correlation of HbA1c with Different Grades of Diabetic Retinopathy at S.V.R.R.G.G.H, Tirupati – A Hospital Based Descriptive Correlative Study". Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 8, n.º 23 (7 de junho de 2021): 1949–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/366.
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BACKGROUND Patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) are 25 times more likely to become blind than non-diabetics.1 One of the main difficulties in establishing a relationship between the degree of hyperglycemia and the long-term complications of diabetes is the lack of a reliable and objective method for the assessment of diabetic control. Recordings of glycated proteins, serum proteins, and primary hemoglobin, have added a new dimension to glycemia assessment. HbA1c has been known to be a marker to assess the long-term control of diabetes mellitus. Few studies have shown the correlation between HbA1c and different grades of DR in the past. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation of HbA1c with different grades of diabetic retinopathy. METHODS A descriptive correlative study was conducted among 100 diabetic patients attending the Department of Ophthalmology in S.V.R.R.G.G. Hospital, Tirupathi, for a duration of one year. Relevant history regarding their diabetes was noted. The status of diabetic retinopathy in each patient was diagnosed by comprehensive ophthalmologic examination and classified according to the early treatment diabetic retinopathy study (ETDRS) system. Patients were evaluated for their HbA1c levels. RESULTS Out of 100 patients, 43 % of participants were females, and the remaining 57 % were males. A statistically significant correlation was found between different grades of diabetic retinopathy and HbA1c levels. The other factor which had a significant correlation was the duration of diabetes and grade of retinopathy (P – value < 0.05). Age of the patient, gender of the patient, did not significantly correlate when compared in different grades of diabetic retinopathy (P - value > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS A statistically significant correlation was found between HbA1c levels and the severity of diabetic retinopathy. Higher the level of HbA1c (indicating poor glycaemic control), the more severe is the grade of DR in those set of patients. KEYWORDS Diabetic Retinopathy, HbA1c, CSME
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Li, Shipeng, Jianling Sun, Wenchao Hu, Yan Liu, Dan Lin, Haiping Duan e Fengting Liu. "The association of serum and vitreous adropin concentrations with diabetic retinopathy". Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 56, n.º 2 (24 de fevereiro de 2019): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004563218820359.
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Objective Adropin, a newly identified regulatory protein encoded by Enho gene, is correlated with insulin sensitivity and diabetes. The aim of this study is to determine whether serum and vitreous adropin concentrations are correlated with the presence of diabetic retinopathy. Methods A population of 165 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (52 without diabetic retinopathy, 69 with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and 44 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy) was enrolled in this study. The control group enrolled 68 healthy subjects who had underwent vitrectomy for retinal detachment. Serum and vitreous adropin concentrations were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results Control subjects had significantly higher serum and vitreous adropin concentrations compared with diabetic patients. Serum and vitreous adropin concentrations in proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients were significantly reduced compared with those in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients without diabetic retinopathy. In addition, there were lower serum and vitreous adropin concentrations in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients compared with type 2 diabetes mellitus patients without diabetic retinopathy. Logistic regression analysis revealed that serum and vitreous adropin were associated with a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy. Conclusion Serum and vitreous adropin concentrations are negatively associated with the presence of diabetic retinopathy.
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Shaheen, Magda, Meleesa Nocera e Senait Teklehaimanot. "4236 Sleep Disorders and Diabetic Complications". Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 4, s1 (junho de 2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2020.147.
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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Diabetes is a prevalent chronic illness that imposes health-related burdens including nephropathy, retinopathy and sleep disorders. The goal of this study was to examine the relation between both sleep disorders and sleep duration and diabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD) and retinopathy. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2016 related to diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy, sleep disorders and duration, demographics, and risk factors among diabetics. The subjects were adults with diabetes type 2. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to look at the relationship between diabetic complications (CKD and retinopathy) and sleep disorders and sleep duration adjusting for demographics and risk factors. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Of the 4087 diabetics, 45% had CKD, 19% had retinopathy, and 15% had sleep disorders. CKD and retinopathy were not associated with sleep disorders (p>0.05) but CKD was associated with sleep duration (Adjusted odds ration = 1.014, 95% confidence interval = 1.001-1.027, p<0.05). Cardiovascular disease was a predictor of both CKD and nephropathy (P<0.05). Other predictors of CKD and nephropathy were age >60 years, Non-Hispanic Black, hypertension, low education level, and living under 200% of the Federal Poverty Level (P<0.05). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT : Among diabetics, CKD and retinopathy were not associated with sleep disorders, and only CKD was associated with sleep duration. These findings may impact the management of diabetes in the future, since it has effects on a range of other health conditions.
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Manao, Intan Lamy, Hesti Triwahyu Hutami, Fifin Luthfia Rahmi e Arnila Novitasari Saubig. "THE ASSOCIATION OF DIABETES DURATION WITH THE SEVERITY OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY". DIPONEGORO MEDICAL JOURNAL (JURNAL KEDOKTERAN DIPONEGORO) 10, n.º 1 (31 de janeiro de 2021): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/dmj.v10i1.29942.
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Background: The prevalence of diabetic patients is increasing over the years. It will increase the incidence of microvascular complications due to prolonged hyperglycemia in diabetic patient. Diabetic retinopathy is one of microvascular complication which is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world. Prolonged hyperglycemia in diabetic patient cause toxicity to the retina which cause nerve and vascular damage and death to the retina. In this study was analyzed the association of diabetes duration with the severity of diabetic retinopathy associated with many cases of delay in diagnosing diabetes recentlyObjective: This study aims to investigate the association of diabetes duration with the severity of diabetic retinopathyMethods: A cross-sectional design was performed by collecting data from the medical records of diabetic patients who were diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy in Diponegoro National Hospital in July-December 2019 using purposive sampling method. Research subjects were 51 patients who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data were analyzed using non-parametric Chi Square test with p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Prevalence was more in the age group of 51-60 years (45,1%), female (58,8%), diabetics <5 years (41,2%), and PDR (72,6%). Chi Square analysis shows no statistically significant association between duration of diabetes with the severity of diabetic retinopathy (p = 0,881)Conclusion: There was no statistically significant association between duration of diabetes with the severity of diabetic retinopathy
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Debnath, Purabi Rani, Dilip Kumar Debnath e Narayan Chandra Bhowmik. "Relationship between Diabetic Retinopathy, and Diabetic Nephropathy". Bangladesh Medical Journal 48, n.º 2 (30 de maio de 2019): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v48i2.51289.
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Diabetic nephropathy is accountable for nearly third of the world cases of last step of renal disease; it becomes a major public health problem with social and economic burden. To assess the relationship between Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Nephropathy in Type II Diabetes Mellitus patients. The present study was a cross sectional study conducted in the department of Ophthalmology at BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, over a period of 12 months during March 2018- February’ 2019 and were assess for the relationship between Retinopathy and Nephropathy. All patients of Type II Diabetes Mellitus patients with Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Nephropathy were included in the study. Majority (64.0%) patients had diabetic nephropathy and 36(36.0%) had not diabetic nephropathy. Almost three fourth (73.4%) patients was found diabetic retinopathy in diabetic retinopathy and 27(54.0%) in without diabetic retinopathy. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05) between two group. This study suggests that Diabetic Nephropathy has a significant association with the presence of Diabetic Retinopathy in persons with Type II DM.
Bangladesh Med J. 2019 May; 48 (2): 24-27
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Debnath, Purabi Rani, Dilip Kumar Debnath e Narayan Chandra Bhowmik. "Relationship between Diabetic Retinopathy, and Diabetic Nephropathy". Bangladesh Medical Journal 48, n.º 2 (30 de maio de 2019): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v48i2.51289.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Diabetic nephropathy is accountable for nearly third of the world cases of last step of renal disease; it becomes a major public health problem with social and economic burden. To assess the relationship between Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Nephropathy in Type II Diabetes Mellitus patients. The present study was a cross sectional study conducted in the department of Ophthalmology at BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, over a period of 12 months during March 2018- February’ 2019 and were assess for the relationship between Retinopathy and Nephropathy. All patients of Type II Diabetes Mellitus patients with Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Nephropathy were included in the study. Majority (64.0%) patients had diabetic nephropathy and 36(36.0%) had not diabetic nephropathy. Almost three fourth (73.4%) patients was found diabetic retinopathy in diabetic retinopathy and 27(54.0%) in without diabetic retinopathy. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05) between two group. This study suggests that Diabetic Nephropathy has a significant association with the presence of Diabetic Retinopathy in persons with Type II DM.
Bangladesh Med J. 2019 May; 48 (2): 24-27
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Nayak, Satish, Karthik Rao, Navin Patil, Jayaprakash B, Amita Priya D, Balaji Ommurugan, N. R. Rao e Sarthak Singhal. "PREVALENCE OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY IN SOUTHERN INDIA". Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, n.º 8 (1 de agosto de 2017): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i8.19088.
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Objectives: In India, 69.1 million are diabetics as of 2015 compared to 18 million in 1995. Pan India prevalence study in diabetics carried out at 194 centers by All India Ophthalmological Society reported the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) among diabetics as 21.8%. DR is of two types, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). The severity of NPDR depends on microaneurysms, hemorrhages, cotton wool spots, and beading of veins and can progress to PDR. Inherit characteristic of PDR is neovascularization. The aim of this observational prevalence study is to study the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in Type 2 diabetic patients attending diabetic clinic and to study the distribution of diabetic retinopathy with respect to age, sex, and duration of disease in a tertiary care hospital in southern India.Methods: This is a retrospective observational study. Age above 20 years and patients diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and examined by the ophthalmologist were included and others excluded. Data documented were analyzed using statistical software SPSS version 16.Results: About 52.07% of patients with Type 2 DM for more than 10 years had diabetic retinopathy and 13.07 % of patients with Type 2 DM for more than 5 years have diabetic retinopathy.Conclusion: India being the diabetic capital of the world and DR being the most common cause for visual impairment and blindness and it becomes empirical to assess the factors for its rising prevalence, which will significantly contribute in reducing the progression of DR.
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Memon, Waseem Raja, Bharat Lal e Abdul Aziz Sahto. "DIABETIC RETINOPATHY;". Professional Medical Journal 24, n.º 02 (14 de fevereiro de 2017): 234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2017.24.02.510.
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Objectives: The purpose behind this study was to frequency of diabeticretinopathy at level of hba1c greater than 6.5%. Material and Methods: 130 patients with type-IIdiabetes mellitus with duration of more than >5years with HbA1c level of >6.5% were selected.After taking detailed history regarding diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy, Fundoscopicexamination of eye was done. All the information was noted in proforma and analyzed usingSPSS version 16.0. Results: Frequency of diabetic retinopathy was observed in 23.85%(31/130) and in those cases average HBA1C was 8.08±0.91 (%). Regarding severity, 74.2%were non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and 25.8(8/31) was proliferative diabetic retinopathy.Conclusion: Our study showed a higher prevalence of diabetic retinopathy more commonly inthose patients who had HbA1C more than 8%.
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Yusran, Muhammad, e Aryanti Ibrahim. "EVALUASI HASIL TATALAKSANA LASER FOTOKOAGOLASI RETINA PADA PASIEN RETINOPATI DIABETIK DI RSUD DR. H. ABDUL MOELOEK". Unram Medical Journal 12, n.º 1 (31 de março de 2023): 1315–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jk.v12i1.4317.
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Latar belakang:Laser fotokoagulasi retina merupakan tatalaksana utama pada retinopati diabetik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai hasil tatalaksana laser fotokoagulasi pada pasien Non Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR) berat dan Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR).
Metode: Penelitian potong lintang dengan subyek pasien retinopati diabetik di RSUD dr. H. Abdul Moeloek yang dilakukan laser fotokoagulasi retina lengkap. Penilaian dilakukan terhadap tajam penglihatan dan stabilitas penyakit. Analisis statistik non parametrik menggunakan uji chi-square.
Hasil:Subyek penelitian terdiri atas 30 orang dengan 23% dalam stadium PDR. Jenis kelamin wanita merupakan penderita terbanyak sebesar 63.3% dan rerata menderita DM yaitu 5.15+3.3 tahun. Stabilitas penyakit didapatkan sebesar 60% dan stabilitas tajam penglihatan sebesar 63.3%. Perbedaan tajam penglihatan berdasarkan derajat retinopati diabetik paska tindakan laser bermakna secara statistik (p value = 0.004)
Kesimpulan:Tatalaksana laser PRP pada pasein retinopati diabetik di RSUDAM memberikan hasil stabilitas dan tajam penglihatan yang baik dan sebanding dengan hasil penelitian lain di Indonesia.
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Mohanty, Gayatree, Prasanta Padhan, Sridivya Chilakamarthy, Manmath Kumar Das e Debendranath Bhuyan. "Can Nailfold Capillaroscopy Be a Screening Tool for Diabetic Retinopathy - A Hospital Based Cross-Sectional Study in Orissa, India". Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 8, n.º 20 (17 de maio de 2021): 1479–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/280.
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BACKGROUND The nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC) has been used to analyse capillary microarchitecture in diseases like Raynaud’s disease, scleroderma, and other collagen disorders earlier but recently researchers have documented capillaroscopic findings in diabetic patients which correspond to their ophthalmoscopic findings. Every diabetic patient after ten years of the disease is at risk of diabetic retinopathy and should thereby be referred to an ophthalmologist for screening. But for various factors the referral to ophthalmologists is poor and the patients usually present to the ophthalmologist when their vision is threatened. Our study intends to correlate the nailfold capillaroscopic microvascular changes with duration of diabetes, severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR), compare the changes of patients with DR and without DR and determine its role as a screening tool. METHODS This was a hospital based cross-sectional study for over 18 months in patients (15 - 75 yrs. of age) with diabetes mellitus. Patients with other vascular disorders were excluded. The study subjects were evaluated for diabetic retinopathy by indirect ophthalmoscopy, fundus pictures and optical coherence tomography. The nailfold capillaroscopy findings were recorded and co-related with fundus findings. Statistical analysis was done by using the STATA software version 15.1. RESULTS Two hundred and fifty patients were recruited with 125 patients in each group, patients with and without DR respectively. Poor glycaemic control was seen most commonly in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The reduced capillary density, tortuosity, microhaemorrhages, neoangiogenesis and avascular areas were seen more frequently in proliferative diabetic retinopathy than nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy and patients without DR. (P value 0.00). CONCLUSIONS Changes in nailfold capillaroscopy in diabetics have significant association with severity of DR, duration of diabetes, and glycaemic control. It could be used as screening and early diagnostic tool for non-ophthalmology medical fraternities to refer to ophthalmologist for follow-up and treatment of diabetic retinopathy. KEYWORDS Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic Retinopathy, Nailfold Capillaroscopy, Microangiopathy
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Cilenšek, Ines, Amela Hercegovac, Rifet Terzić, Mojca Petrovič e Daniel Petrovič. "Polymorphisms of interleukin-8 and -18 genes and diabetic retinopathy". Open Life Sciences 5, n.º 4 (1 de agosto de 2010): 421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11535-010-0038-9.
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AbstractWe evaluated possible roles of interleukin-8 gene polymorphisms (1633T/C-rs2227543, 251A/T-rs4073) and interleukin-18 gene polymorphisms (-607C/A-rs1946518, -137G/C-rs187238) in the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Caucasians with type 2 diabetes. 271 patients with DR and 113 without diabetic retinopathy were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. We did not observe an association between either interleukin-8 gene polymorphisms (1633T/C, 251A/T) or interleukin-18 gene polymorphisms (-607C/A, -137G/C) and diabetic retinopathy in Caucasians with type 2 diabetes. We did not find statistically significant differences in interleukin-8 serum levels between diabetics with the TT and AA genotype and those with other genotypes. The interleukin-18 serum levels between diabetics with the CC genotype of the -607C/A polymorphism and those with other genotypes (AA, AC) were not significantly different. Moreover, we did not observe a statistically significant effect of the tested polymorphisms of either interleukin-8 or interleukin-18 genes on serum levels in diabetics. In conclusion, our study indicates that the examined polymorphisms of interleukin-8 (1633T/C, 251A/T) and interleukin-18 (-607C/A or the -137G/C) genes are not genetic risk factors for diabetic retinopathy. Therefore, they may not be used as genetic markers for diabetic retinopathy in Caucasians with type 2 diabetes.
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Nasrul, Monalisa. "Prevalensi Retinopati Diabetik pada Penderita Diabetes Mellitus pada Komunitas Prolanis di Kota Mataram tahun 2018". Unram Medical Journal 10, n.º 3 (18 de dezembro de 2021): 604–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jku.v10i3.552.
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Latar belakang: Retinopati diabetik (RD) merupakan penyebab kebutaan terbanyak pada pasien dengan diabetes mellitus (DM) di seluruh dunia. Prevalensi retinopati diabetik di Asia berkisar antara 10-43.1%. Indonesia diperkirakan berada dalam kisaran prevalensi tersebut walaupun belum ada data prevalensi secara nasional. Masih minimnya usaha deteksi dini RD sebagai bagian dari pencegahan kebutaan memberikan peluang makin tingginya angka kebutaan akibat RD di masa datang.
Tujuan: untuk mengetahui prevalensi RD di kalangan penderita DM di komunitas Prolanis di kota Mataram.
Metode: studi potong lintang deskriptif yang meliputi pemeriksaan visus dengan koreksi terbaik, tekanan bola mata, segmen anterior, funduskopi dan foto fundus. Diagnosis retinopati diabetik ditentukan berdasarkan kriteria ETDR yang terdiri dari non proliverative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) dan proliverative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Pemeriksaan fundus dilakukan oleh seorang dokter spesialis mata dan dilakukan foto fundus dengan atau tanpa pupil dilatasi di sebuah klinik mata di Mataram.
Hasil: sebanyak 68 pasien dengan DM menjalani pemeriksaan dan didapatkan 19 kasus RD (28.36%). Karakteristik pasien dengan retinopati diabetik pada penelitian ini sebagian besar adalah perempuan, berusia 40-75 tahun, telah menderita DM selama lebih dari 10 tahun, tidak mengeluhkan gangguan penglihatan, tajam penglihatan dengan koreksi terbaik lebih baik dari 0.3 dan memiliki asuransi kesehatan.
Simpulan: prevalensi RD pada komunitas Prolanis dengan diabetes melitus di kota Mataram sebanyak 28.36%.
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Rasheed Chaudhry, Sana, Zunnera Rashid Chaudhry, Komal Iqbal, Erum Rashid Chaudhry, Hifza Noor Lodhi, Samita Yasmin e Muniza Saeed. "SERUM ISCHEMIA MODIFIED ALBUMIN LEVELS IN DIABETIC RETINOPATHY". Pakistan Postgraduate Medical Journal 30, n.º 02 (3 de novembro de 2020): 87–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.51642/ppmj.v30i02.26.
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Background.
This study was planned determine and compare the levels of ischemia modified albumin in controls and diabetic patients with and without retinopathy.
Materials and Methods: Diabetic Clinic of Lahore General Hospital was selected the conduction of the study in collaboration with an opthalmologists from September 2014-May 2015. 60 subjects of either sex were chosen and were separated into 3 groups with 20 subjects in each group. Group 1 was of normal healthy controls, group 2 of diabetics without retinopathy and group 3 of diabetics with retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy was diagnosed by an ophthalmologist by an indirect method using a 90D lens on slit lamp examination, and IMA levels were determined by rapid calorimetric method.
Results: The median (IQR) of serum levels of IMA in three groups were 0.51(0.43-0.54) in group I, 0.59(0.53-0.61) in group II and 0.63(0.59-0.71) ABSU .A significantly higher IMA levels in diabetics with retinopathy were seen as compared to diabetic without retinopathy and control with a p value of 0.00 respectively.
Conclusion: Our study concludes that serum IMA levels raise as the diabetes progresses in its complications.
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Zhou, Amy Y., Brooklyn E. Taylor, Katherine G. Barber, Chieh A. Lee, Zakary R. R. Taylor, Scott J. Howell e Patricia R. Taylor. "Anti-IL17A Halts the Onset of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type I and II Diabetic Mice". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, n.º 2 (10 de janeiro de 2023): 1347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021347.
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There are ~463 million diabetics worldwide, and more than half have diabetic retinopathy. Yet, treatments are still lacking for non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. We and others previously provided evidence that Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) plays a pivotal role in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. However, all murine studies used Type I diabetes models. Hence, it was the aim of this study to determine if IL-17A induces non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy in Type II diabetic mice, as identified for Type I diabetes. While examining the efficacy of anti-IL-17A as a potential therapeutic in a short-term Type I and a long-term Type II diabetes model; using different routes of administration of anti-IL-17A treatments. Retinal inflammation was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) after Type I-diabetic mice received 1 intravitreal injection, and Type II-diabetic mice received seven intraperitoneal injections of anti-IL-17A. Further, vascular tight junction protein Zonula Occludens-1 (ZO-1) was significantly decreased in both Type I and II diabetic mice, which was significantly increased when mice received anti-IL-17A injections (p < 0.05). Similarly, tight junction protein Occludin degradation was halted in Type II diabetic mice that received anti-IL-17A treatments. Finally, retinal capillary degeneration was halted 6 months after diabetes was confirmed in Type II-diabetic mice that received weekly intraperitoneal injections of anti-IL-17A. These findings provide evidence that IL-17A plays a pivotal role in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy in Type II diabetic mice, and suggests that anti-IL-17A could be a good therapeutic candidate for non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
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Harb, Walid, Georges Harb, Nabil Chamoun, Anthony Kanbar, Marc Harb e Wassef Chanbour. "Severity of diabetic retinopathy at the first ophthalmological examination in the Lebanese population". Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology 10 (janeiro de 2018): 251584141879195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2515841418791950.
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Aim: To determine the percentage and stage of diabetic retinopathy at the first ophthalmological examination after the patient’s diagnosis with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted at ‘Clinique du Levant’ hospital between 2006 and 2016. A total of 484 randomly selected patients were included. Data were collected and analyzed for selected variables (sex, age, sources of referral, and duration of diabetes). Results: In total, 119 (24.6%) patients had diabetic retinopathy. Among them, 43 had proliferative diabetic retinopathy (8.9%). About 16.7% of the included patients had macular edema, which was severe in 6.2%. The average age of patients was 62.1 years with an average of 8.3 years of diabetes. About 55% were men, while 45% were women. The patients with no referral source presented 8.9 years after the onset of diabetes, whereas patients referred by general practitioners and secondary medical professionals presented after 5.8 and 5 years, respectively ( p < 0.05), but they represented only 23.2% of diabetics. Women presented earlier than men (7.3 versus 9.1 years; p = 0.012). About 82.6% were symptomatic, 44.1% had a visual impairment on Snellen charts that was severe in 11.2%. Also, 37.8% of the patients had a visually significant cataract. The duration of diabetes was the only dependent variable, p < 0.0001. The average age, sources of referral, and sex were not related to the severity of retinopathy. Conclusion: Diabetics with a more severe diabetic retinopathy are presenting late to the ophthalmology clinics. There is a need to promote outreach programs for people with diabetes for early detection of diabetic retinopathy in Lebanon.
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Iyizoba, Ginika N., Adekunle A. Adeyomoye, Omodele A. Olowoyeye, Ozoemena S. Oboke, Rasheed A. Arogundade e Olufisayo T. Aribaba. "Doppler ultrasound features of ophthalmic artery in diabetic retinopathy in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital". International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 9, n.º 12 (26 de novembro de 2021): 3510. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20214701.
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Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose level due to impaired insulin secretion, insulin action or both with diabetic retinopathy being the most common microangiopathic complication. A comparative, cross- sectional study aimed at evaluating Doppler blood flow indices in the ophthalmic artery in diabetic retinopathy and non-retinopathy patients when compared to normal controls in a Nigerian tertiary hospital.Methods: Data were collected over 7 months (April 2017-October 2017) in Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba Lagos, Nigeria. Sixty-five diabetic retinopathy patients, 65 diabetic patients without retinopathy and 65 non-diabetic controls had their ophthalmic artery Doppler indices assessed for comparison.Results: The end diastolic velocity (EDV) of the ophthalmic arteries in the diabetic patients were significantly lower than those of control group (EDV=5.84±2.59 cm/s, p<0.001 bilaterally). In diabetic patients with retinopathy, the end diastolic velocity of the ophthalmic arteries was significantly lower than those of diabetic patients without retinopathy (EDV=5.84±2.59 cm/s right eye, EDV=5.75±2.39 left eye, p<0.001 bilaterally). The resistivity index (RI) of the ophthalmic arteries was significantly higher in both diabetic patients with retinopathy and those without retinopathy compared to control group (RI=0.92±0.07 right eye, p=0.044 right eye, p<0.001 left eye) with resistivity index of diabetic retinopathy respondents significantly higher than the diabetic patients with no retinopathy.Conclusions: The study showed that Doppler is a useful screening parameter in identifying eyes at risk of developing sight threatening proliferative disease in diabetic patients. Significant differences exist in ophthalmic artery Doppler flow indices of diabetics with retinopathy compared to the healthy controls.
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Ijaz, Kanwal, Muhammad Luqman Ali Bahoo, Mahwish Saeed, Beenish Karamt, Beenish Karamt e Sobia Niaz. "BMI BASAL METABOLIC INDEX AND RETINOPATHY IN TYPE 2 DIABETICS." Professional Medical Journal 26, n.º 07 (10 de julho de 2019): 1051–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2019.26.07.3501.
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Background: Diabetes mellitus is major health concern owing to its morbidity and mortality attributed to the complications related to chronic hyperglycemia of T2DM. A darker aspect among these complication is threat to vision produced by diabetic retinopathy (DR). Obesity is among major risk factors for diabetes mellitus. Consequently, overweight and obese people are more vulnerable to develop DR. Objectives: To compare the basal metabolic index in type two diabetics with and without diabetic retinopathy. To correlate basal metabolic index with diabetic retinopathy. Study Design: Comparative Cross sectional analysis. Setting: Type two diabetic patients were recruited from Outpatient department of Layton Rahmatulla Benevolent Trust Eye Hospital, Lahore. They were categorized in two groups based on the presence and absence of diabetic retinopathy. Period: 1st July, 2016 to 30th Aug., 2017. Methodology: Collected data from the 80 enrolled patients included gender, age, duration of type two diabetes mellitus and status of diabetic retinopathy after assessment by ophthalmologists. The anthropometric measurements i.e. height, weight and BMI were taken by following the protocols mentioned in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)-anthropometry procedure manual 2009 (CDC, 2012). Body mass index was calculated as weight in kg divided by the square of height in meters. Data was analyzed on SPSS version 22. For comparison of both groups, Independent “t” Test or Mann-Whitney U tests was applied accordingly. Correlation was accessed by spearman correlation test. Result: Out of 80 type two diabetic patients, females outnumbered the males 50(62.5). Overall 42(52.5%) had diabetic retinopathy of varying grade and eye involvement. Both study groups had matched age (p=0.45). However, a significant difference of duration of diabetes was observed between the groups (p=0.042). There was no significant difference of BMI between the groups (p=0.380). BMI was not correlated with severity of diabetic retinopathy. Conclusion: Although being overweight and obesity is thought to be risk factor for the development of type two diabetes even than it do not predispose the diabetic individual to develop diabetic retinopathy.
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Chaudhary, Nasir Ahmad, Samreen Hameed, Muhammad Sultan Ul Moazzam, Sarmad Zahoor, Sidrah Latif e Yasir Bashir. "DIABETIC RETINOPATHY;". Professional Medical Journal 25, n.º 08 (4 de agosto de 2018): 1256–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2018.25.08.64.
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Background: Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most common complications ofdiabetes affecting more than 1/4th of the diabetics and is also the leading cause of blindness inmany parts of the globe. Regular fundoscopic examination for screening is a routine practicein tertiary care hospitals but is not available in the primary care centers. This necessitatesthe development of a reliable screening tool which will allow for early referral of those withcomplications to the specialist centers. Objective: To determine the predictive value of HbA1clevels for the presence of diabetic retinopathy. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting:Diabetic Clinic of Mayo Hospital, Lahore. Period: 04 months, January to April 2017. Method:75 diabetic patients who presented in Diabetic clinic were investigated for HbA1c levels andfundoscopic evaluation was done to detect retinal changes. Results: Out of 75 patients, 35(46.7%) were female, 40 (53.3%) were male. Median age of the patients was 51 years. All patientshad HbA1c levels more than 6.0% and 62% patients had detectable changes on fundi while therest had no detectable retinal disease despite elevated HbA1c levels. Positive predictive value(PPV) of elevated HbA1c levels for the presence of diabetic retinal changes was calculated tobe 62.66%. Conclusion: All the patients who had retinal disease on fundoscopy had HbA1clevels of more than 6.0% (PPV = 62.66) which means that elevated HbA1c levels warrant afundoscopic retinal examination to rule out diabetic retinopathy.
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Zhang, Xiao, Su Chi Lim, Subramaniam Tavintharan, Lee Ying Yeoh, Chee Fang Sum, Keven Ang, Darren Yeo, Serena Low e Neelam Kumari. "Association of central arterial stiffness with the presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy in Asians with type 2 diabetes". Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research 16, n.º 6 (3 de maio de 2019): 498–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1479164119845904.
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Objective: Arterial stiffness has been associated with diabetic retinopathy; however, the information is limited in Asians. We aim to examine the association of central arterial stiffness with the presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Singapore. Methods: Arterial stiffness was estimated by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and augmentation index using applanation tonometry method. Digital colour fundus photographs from 1,203 patients were assessed for diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy severity was categorized into non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Logistic regression model was used to evaluate the associations of diabetic retinopathy with pulse wave velocity and augmentation index. Results: Diabetic retinopathy was diagnosed in 391 (32.5%) patients, including 271 non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and 108 proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy have higher pulse wave velocity (11.2 ± 3.3 vs 9.5 ± 2.6 m/s, p < 0.001) and augmentation index (28.4 ± 9.4 vs 26.1 ± 10.6%, p < 0.001) than non-diabetic retinopathy. After multivariable adjustment, pulse wave velocity [odds ratio = 1.11 (95% confidence interval = 1.05–1.17), p < 0.001] and augmentation index [odds ratio = 1.03 (95% confidence interval = 1.01–1.04), p = 0.009] was associated with diabetic retinopathy. In severity analyses, pulse wave velocity was associated with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy [odds ratio = 1.10 (95% confidence interval = 1.03–1.17), p = 0.002] and proliferative diabetic retinopathy [odds ratio = 1.15 (95% confidence interval = 1.06–1.25), p = 0.001] ( p-trend < 0.001). Augmentation index showed significant associations with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy [odds ratio = 1.02 (95% confidence interval = 1.01–1.04), p = 0.008], but not with proliferative diabetic retinopathy [odds ratio = 1.01 (95% confidence interval = 0.98–1.04), p = 0.36] ( p-trend = 0.03). Conclusion: Central arterial stiffness was associated with the presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, suggesting its etiologic implication in diabetic retinopathy.
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Takele, Mulualem Birhan, Dube Jara Boneya, Hailemariam Abiy Alemu, Tesfa Birlew Tsegaye, Molla Yigzaw Birhanu, Simegn Alemu e Tsige Gebre Anto. "Retinopathy among Adult Diabetics and Its Predictors in Northwest Ethiopia". Journal of Diabetes Research 2022 (15 de fevereiro de 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1362144.
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Background. Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness among working-aged adults worldwide, including developing countries such as Ethiopia, and the burden of diabetes-related blindness is undeniably posing a massive challenge to the health care system. Diabetes and its micro- and macrovascular complications are becoming more prevalent among Ethiopian diabetics. For that reason, the purpose of this study was to assess the incidence of diabetic retinopathy and its predictors among diabetics in Ethiopia. Methods. A hospital-based retrospective cohort study was conducted using 494 randomly selected diabetics aged above 18 years at Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from 2011 through 2014 and was followed until December 2019. The preliminary and longitudinal data was abstracted into demographics, clinical, and physiological attributes using a standardized structured questionnaire. The collected data was entered into the system using EpiData version 4.2 and analyzed using STATA version 14.0. The survival experience of the patients was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier survivor function. The predictors of diabetic retinopathy were identified by the Cox proportional hazard model. Bivariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were computed, and variables having a P value of < 0.05 in the multivariable Cox proportional hazard model were declared as significant predictors of diabetic retinopathy. Results. During the follow-up, the overall incidence rate of diabetic retinopathy was 48 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 40.0–57.0). Age in years (AHR 1.02; 95% CI: 1.00-1.04), fasting blood sugar level (AHR 1.02; 1.00-1.04), hypertension (AHR 2.61; 95% CI: 1.47-4.63), DM patients who had LDL > 100 mg/dl (AHR 2.73; 95% CI: 1.32-5.64), total cholesterol > 200 mg/dl (AHR 2.22; 95% CI: 1.08-4.55), and positive proteinuria (AHR 1.74; 95% CI: 1.10 -2.73) were found to be the significant predictors of diabetic retinopathy. Conclusion. The overall incidence rate of diabetic retinopathy was found to be high in both type 1 and type 2 DM. Age, fasting blood sugar levels, hypertension, proteinuria, dyslipidemia, and high systolic blood pressure were all predictors of the development of diabetic retinopathy. Controlling glycemia, dyslipidemia, proteinuria, and blood pressure is critical for halting the progression of diabetic retinopathy.