Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Développement de champs de force"
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Narth, Christophe. "Développement de champs de forces polarisables : vers la dynamique moléculaire SIBFA". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066739/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe purpose of this thesis is to revisit the potential of SIBFA (Sum of Interactions Between Fragments Ab initio computed) [...]
Thaunay, Florian. "Développement de champs de forces polarisables et applications à la spectroscopie vibrationnelle". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLX037/document.
Texto completo da fonteSpectroscopy dissociation by absorption of infrared photons (IRPD) provides vibrational signatures of charged species in the gas phase, such as small peptides or hydrated ions in water clusters. The vibrational normal modes assignment to establish a relationship between the experimental spectrum and molecular structure is a delicate task and requires the use of molecular modeling.This manuscript presents a set of theoretical tools for calculation and assignment of vibrational spectra, based mainly on classical molecular dynamics and polarizable AMOEBA force field, and its application to gaseous ions of various sizes. Hydrated ions in water clusters M(H2O)n (n in 6-100 range) are characterized by a dynamic behavior, and their experimental spectrum can not be described by a single structure. The signature of peptides changes with temperature and dynamic anharmonicity effects. They can also be the site of proton transfer mechanisms, with a very characteristic vibrational signature.The potential energy surface of these systems is explored by classical molecular dynamics in individual trajectories or replica exchange to generate energetically stable structures. For smaller systems, quantum methods, as DFT and post-HF, are used to confirm the lowest energy structures, calculate their static IR and propose normal modes assignments. For larger systems, i.e ions in water drops of several tens of molecules, the simulation of IR spectra at finite temperature is based on the Fourier transform of the autocorrelation function of the dipole moment (DACF), calculated during a classical molecular dynamics trajectory. As this method does not allow direct access to the vibrational normal modes, we implemented a method of dynamic assigments, based on the Driven Molecular Dynamics (DMD) and coupled to the DACF. The combination AMOEBA /DACF / DMD was used to reproduce and assign the spectrum of the dipeptide Ace-Phe-Ala-NH2, and those of hydrated ions in water clusters.Finally, the vibrational signature of a proton transfer can not be described by quantum static methods or by classical dynamics. Its modeling required the development of a two states Empirical Valence Bond Model (EVB), coupled with AMOEBA polarizable force field. The two states EVB model was implemented in the software TINKER. It can reproduce the dynamic behavior of proton transfer in small peptides and deprotonated acids, as well as the spectroscopic signatures observed experimentally.An important part of the applications of these developments relates simple hydrated ions in nano-droplets, and in particular the sulfate ion of great environmental importance. We were able to reproduce satisfactorily, for the first time, the spectra of clusters containing up to 100 water molecules. The main contributor to this experimental spectroscopy is the team of E. Williams from the University of California of Berkeley. We have established cooperation with them to complete this work by modeling the IR spectra of hydrated sulfates ions [SO4(H2O) n=9-36]2-, for which they obtained experimental signatures
Wang, Fan. "Développements informatiques et études structurales de complexes bioinorganiques par dynamique moléculaire". Amiens, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AMIE0103.
Texto completo da fonteNowadays numerous empirical force fields, which are specific to biomolecules are available. Applications of the use of these forces fields involve structural and dynamical studies of macro molecular Systems, and allows the description of many biological phenomena. However the validity of the results obtained in these studies is directly dependent on the availability of the force field, and on its specificity towards the studied molecule. In this context a new program, named PyRED, which is dedicated to the generation of additive Amber and Glycam force fields has been developed. PyRED is able to generate force field libraries and parameters for new molecules, and potentially for any type of molecular fragments. All the elements of the periodic table are handled. A particular attention has been given to the generation of force fields for biomolecules and bioinorganic complexes. Robust algorithms have been developed allowing among others the rigorous definition of chemical equivalencing, of atom types and atom names, extra-points and unified carbons. The Internet server R. E. D. Server Development has also been created. This server interfaces the PyRED program, and provides to the scientific community the hardware and software required for the production of new force fields. In an applicative approach force fields for a peptide nucleic acid biopolymer, a supramolecular structure with platinum(II) complexes and functionnalized C60 fullerenes and a bioinorganic complexes composed of a heme dimer have been created and validated. The structures of the corresponding molecules have been studied by molecular dynamics in condensed phase
Page, Jonathan. "Développement et validation de l'application de la force de Lorentz dans le modèle aux moments entropiques M1. Étude de l'effet du champ magnétique sur le dépôt de dose en radiothérapie externe". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0248/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe majority of patients diagnosed with cancer are treated by radiotherapy, one of the principal treatment modality with surgery and chemotherapy. It consists in the delivery of high energy radiation on a target volume. It aims to destroy the cancerous cells without damaging sane tissues. In clinical practice, numerical tools are used in order to predict how the energy will be deposited in the patient's body. However, these methods can lack of accuracy or cost too much in terms of calculation time to be suitable for clinical use. As a consequence, we developed a new model able to calculate the transport and energy deposition of ionizing particles in human tissues, efficiently and accurately. New installations allowing the treatment of patients by radiotherapy while imaging them by Magnetic Resonance Imagery are currently marketed. The magnetic fields induced by this technology have as secondary and noxious effect to deflect the charged particles injected or created in the target medium, which might modify highly the deposited energy. Despite that, there aren't yet commercially available numerical solution allowing to reproduce these effects accurately and quickly. We implemented the magnetic effects in our model to. We validate our model by numerical comparisons with a reference Monte-Carlo code, FLUKA, and with experimental comparisons led in the Bergonié Institute (Bordeaux)
Estevez, Ivan. "Développement d'une technique d'imagerie d'impédance électrique locale à partir d'un microscope à force atomique". Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112241.
Texto completo da fonteThe electrical measurements with atomic force microscopy (AFM) by conductive tip always are the subject of efforts in research, supported in the current context of the rise of the micro and nanotechnologies. The work carried out during this thesis concerns the development of a new technique of imagery derived from the AFM, intended to visualize the capacitive characteristics of the sampler surface (absolute capacity) on a nanometric scale, by making a measure which suppress the parasitic interactions caused by the environment of the sample. This work falls within the framework of a collaboration between the LGEP, laboratory pioneer in the development of certain local electrical measurements by AFM, and the company of instrumentation CSI. We initially studied the various perturbations assigning the measurement of capacity of the apex of the point-probe. Then we develop a general method of correction of these effects, by combining the implementation of a technique of double passage and the exploitation of the information contained in the curves approach-withdrawal. This method was then validated on a unit of samples of calibration of simple geometrical structures: the agreement between the theoretical values of capacity calculated by the finite element method and the experimental measures were excellent on a range from 10 -12 to 10 -16 F. The resolution of the device was estimated of some aF. Finally the influence of the edge effects on the values of capacity obtained, of the interactions between various conducting elements of the same sample, or between the AFM and the sample, was discussed
Marion, Antoine. "Dynamiques moléculaires utilisant un champ de force quantique semiempirique : développement et applications à des systèmes d'intérêt biologique". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0169/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe present work is devoted to the development of approximate quantum chemistry methods that are suitable to treat biological systems of large size. In particular, we run molecular dynamics under the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, allowing a quantum mechanical description of the electronic Hamiltonian of the full system: SEBOMD (SemiEmpirical Born-Oppenheimer Molecular Dynamics). Our method is based on a semiempirical (SE) electronic Hamiltonian. One of the key issues arising in a condensed phase SEBOMD simulation is represented by the choice of the SE method. Since most of the currently available approaches fail in describing some relevant intermolecular interactions, we developed a new correction of SE Hamiltonians. This method, which we named PM3-PIF3, was applied to study the molecular dynamics of organic molecules in water. The results that we obtained showed that our technique is suitable to treat molecules having hydrophobic and/or hydrophilic groups in an aqueous medium. The analysis of the electronic and vibrational properties of these molecules in the presence of the solvent validates our results with respect to experimental and theoretical studies in the literature. Finally, we investigated the water self-Dissociation process in confined environments. After discussing the choice of the SE Hamiltonian to be used for this purpose, we characterized the proton transfer in a water cluster. We established a correlation between the free energy of the first step of this process and some collective physical properties
El, Amari Saad. "Développement et caractérisation de générateur optoélectronique d’impulsions de champ électrique nanoseconde et subnanoseconde de forte intensité : application au domaine biomédical". Limoges, 2011. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/e7ead5c7-d917-4027-934b-5cb7b4ff2222/blobholder:0/2011LIMO4052.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteThis PhD dissertation presents the development and characterization of picosecond and nanosecond pulse generator dedicated to bioelectrics applications. Based on numerical characterization and experimental tools, generators can produce ultra-short pulses of hundreds of picoseconds to tens of nanoseconds with an intensity greater than the ten kV. In order to achieve comprehensive studies of the effect of electromagnetic fields on biological cells, generators developed are able to offer great flexibility in the number, shape, repetition rate, amplitude and duration of pulses generated
Wurtz, Grégory. "Développement d'un microscope optique en champ proche utilisant une sonde métallique : application à l'étude de composants de l'optoélectronique et à la mise en évidence de l'effet pointe optique". Troyes, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TROY0003.
Texto completo da fontePorwal, Vishal Kumar. "Theoretical Tools to Study Solvation in Liquid and Nanoconfined Phases". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0239.
Texto completo da fonteConfinement on a molecular scale is one of the most fascinating and complexfields in continuous progress. Once rationalized, the consequences of confinement on themolecular and electronic structure of chromophores can be used to fine-tune their optical properties and thus exploit them in the development of photochemical technologies. In material chemistry, untangling the complex nature of nanoconfined phases can help provide essential knowledge to fine-tune the synthesis of new compounds with versatile properties. This project is devoted to the development of ad hoc computational strategies to achieve a molecular interpretation of the impact of the environment on the conformational, vibrational, and optical properties of organic molecules. In collaboration with an experimental group, we analyzed the behavior of organic anions confined in the interlayer of clay like materials. Focusing on the evolution of the carboxylate bands with increasing hydration, we characterized the changes in the binding modes of the anion by using classical molecular dynamics simulations. The second part of the project, carried out with Italian collaborators, is based on an integrated multilevel approach providing a sophisticated force field for 2,2’-bipyridine-3,3’-diol. This molecule undergoes excited state intramolecular proton transfer, and experimental data point to a fine sensitivity of its properties to a nanoconfined environment. Our study of the potential energy surface and the absorption spectrum in water using a sequential classical-quantum mechanical approach brought significant progress in the characterization of the tautomeric equilibria and their effect on the optical properties of the chromophore
Siri, Didier. "Modélisation moléculaire : contribution au développement de deux nouveaux logiciels de calcul de champ de force : application à différentes familles de composés moléculaires". Aix-Marseille 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX30019.
Texto completo da fonteHoffer, Laurent. "Développement et validation du logiciel S4MPLE : application au docking moléculaire et à l'optimisation de fragments assistée par ordinateur dans le cadre du fragment-based drug design". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00874644.
Texto completo da fonteSiry, Pierre. "Développement d'un dispositif d'acoustique picoseconde en microscopie optique de champ proche pour l'étude des propriétés élastiques de nano-objets". Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066339.
Texto completo da fonteBakli, Hind. "Développement d’une plate-forme de microscopie champ proche hyperfréquence par interférométrie". Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10007/document.
Texto completo da fonteNear-field microwave microscopy overcomes the Rayleigh criterion thanks to a local probe whitch fed by a microwave signal generates evanescent waves confined at its end. The resolution limits are no longer determined by the wavelength of the microwave signals, but mainly by the probe geometry. In this kind of characterization technique based on the association of a network analyzer and a near-field probe, the main limitation is the poor measurement sensitivity related to the impedance contrast between the analyzer and the probe. Indeed, the large difference between the impedances of the analyzer (50Ω) and near field probes (a few kΩ) results in a significant mismatch hampering good measurements. In this PhD thesis, we provide solutions to tackle this problem in order to take full advantage of the potentialities of near-field microwave microscopy techniques. An interferometric method is then introduced and formalized. We show that the association of microwave measurements, near-field microscopy methods and interferometry techniques allow foreseeing microwave characterizations with high spatial resolution over a broad frequency range. We demonstrate that these new tools offer the possibility of microwave measurements of the type point-to-point, 1D scanning or 2D imaging on centimeter ranges up to 20 GHz with micrometric spatial resolutions. In particular, local dielectric characterization - related applications are proposed. The results obtained show that the proposed techniques are at the state of the art in terms of operating frequency range and measurement sensitivity
Reynaud, Damien. "Développement perturbatif variationnel en théorie des champs". Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20216.
Texto completo da fonteFazzini, Marina. "Développement de méthodes d'intégration des mesures de champs". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT056H/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe optical dimensional measurements are emergent techniques whose control and exploitation still address many questions. For a better understanding of the stereo-correlation measurement systems, studies are made to characterize and assess the digital image correlation measurement error by the way of synthetic images. The stereovision characterization is made using real images. The results highlight the influence of several parameters : subset size, strain and strain gradient. The last part of this study is devoted to the identification of constitutive behaviour law using full-field measurements. Two identification methods are used : the virtual fields method to determine the elastic parameters of a material and the finite element model updating method to identify the elasto-plastic behaviour law
Bellencontre, Frédéric. "Contributions au développement d'un champ de forces classique pour la spectroscopie vibrationnelle de bio-molécules". Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EVRY0005.
Texto completo da fonteMolecular dynamics simulations is the proper tool giving a precise interpretation and comprehension of vibrational spectroscopy experiments. As our interests lie in the vibrational spectroscopy of biomolecules, classical molecular dynamics simulations should be performed, thus relying on empirical classical force fields. This thesis is thus dedicated to the development of a biomolecular classical force field specifically to be used in the context of vibrational infrared spectroscopy. To that end, we have developed an electrostatic model, in which the parameters are fitted from ab initio Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics simulations, which is the strength of the present developments. We have more specifically developed an electrostatic fluctuating charge model in which the charges linearly fluctuate with the molecular internal coordinates. Our method has been applied on Alanine polypeptides, and is shown to reproduce the ab initio reference spectra in the 1000-2000 cm-1 spectral domain which is characteristic of the Amide I, II and III modes of peptides and proteins
Monard, Gérald. "Réalisation d'un champ de forces hybride classique/quantique : développement, validation et application à la réactivité enzymatique". Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10177.
Texto completo da fonteColle, Stéphane. "Modélisation des champs diffus en acoustique urbaine par la théorie des transports : développements théoriques et mise en forme numérique". Le Mans, 2006. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2006/2006LEMA1031.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteThis work has contributed to the development of a new propagation model of diffuse sound fields in urban acoustics, making it possible to take analytically into account the whole phenomena involved in the propagation (i. E. The diffuse reflection and, at least, on the principle, other phenomena such as the atmospheric attenuation, the micrometeorological effect. . . ). Based on an energetic and probabilistic approach, this model consista in decomposing the sound wave into a sum of sound particles (or phonons) in the propagation medium (i. E. A street). The distribution function of the phonons then follows a transport equation, whose boundary conditions consider the absorption coefficients and the reflection law (specular and/or diffuse) of the façades. In its most general form, the problem does not admit an analytical solution. For narrow streets, the use of an asymptotic approach makes it nevertheless possible to express the distribution and the deerease of sound energy through a diffusion equation. The problem is then reduced to the determination of the diffusion coefficient (function of the street characteristics), and to the calculation of an exchange coefficient modelling the absorption by the openings of the street. This approach, initially developed by Le Pollès, was generalized for streets made up of non-absorbing walls, characterized by A\w\n (n > 2) reflection laws on both sides of the street. Under these conditions, the analytical developments show that the diffusion coefficient depends on the street width, on the reflection laws and on the façades accommodation coefficient. This last coefficient represents the ratio between the specular and diffuse reflection. In addition, this development shows that in the case of a narrow street, the diffusion process only occurs in the median plane of the street, the density of sound energv being uniform on a transverse line of the street. The mathematical solutions were successfully compared to numerical simulations using the SPPS code, which is the direct application of the particles model. Due to the inability of the asymptotic development to take into account the acoustic absorption of the façades, a new approach inducing a damping in the propagation medium was proposed. This development was analytically performed, but its practical use requires numerical resolutions of integrals. Finally a numerical application of the diffusion model was proposed using a finite elements software (and the theoretical results of the above-mentioned diffusion model). This numerical approach makes it possible to model easily and quickly the sound propagation in complex urban areas, in multi-sources environments. Several examples are proposed and show the general interest of our work for the development of a simple and fast software, making it possible to carry out acoustic predictions in complex urban configurations
Roche, Roland. "Plateforme multifonctionnelle de microscopies à sonde locale sous illumination". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4045/document.
Texto completo da fonteTo address the increasing demand on nanomaterials investigation, we developed a cross-characterization platform combining scanning probe microscopies (AFM 1, KPFM 2, SNOM 3, ...) and inverted optical microscopy. The inverted optical microscope, allowing both illumination and imaging, is augmented with near field microscopies such as cited above.The heart of our setup is the sample. Optically semi-transparent samples will best benefit the range of implemented complementary technics, among these samples, nanostructured organic photovoltaic thin (100nm) films. However, the flexible platform is thought to be adaptable to other samples and thus sample-holders used for other characterization techniques existing in the Institute, such as scanning or transmission electron or projection microscopies. The platform is also designed to simplify future extension to other experimental technics.Beyond the platform itself, the manuscript shows the important effort devoted to develop, and take benefit of, a Kelvin probe microscopy under illumination.Results obtained on organic photovoltaic materials demonstrate the possibilities of our original setup and prove its performance to be at state of the art
Pu, Shiliang. "Développement de méthodes interférométriques pour la caractérisation des champs de particules". Rouen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ROUES049.
Texto completo da fonteWe have studied two optical methods for particle field characterization: ILIDS (Interferometric Laser Imaging for Droplet Sizing) and DIH (Digital In-line Holography). In the case of ILIDS, the particle field is illuminated by a laser sheet and the defocused images are recorded by a CCD camera. We have developed an image processing method. We show that the particle diameter and velocity distribution in a plane can be measured by using a common PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) system. In DIH case, the particle field is illuminated by a laser beam and the in-line diffraction pattern is directly recorded by a CCD camera. Then, the 3D volume can be numerically reconstructed. We have firstly studied the influence of windowing function. Then, we have developed an image processing method which can give particle 3D location and diameter from the reconstructed image. The experimental tests shows that the two techniques can give reliable results for two-phase flows measurement
Miglioretti, Federico. "Développement d'un modèle avancé multi-champs pour l'étude de profil d'aile intelligent". Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100054/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn the field of aeronautics, shape morphing has been used to identify those aircraft that un-dergo certain geometrical changes to enhance or adapt to their mission profile. Different formthe classical solution the shape morphing required: distributed high-power density actuation, structural mechanization, flexible skins, and control law development. In these scenario, model able to capture the insertion of new generation sensor and actuator, and able to minimize the computational cost become very interesting. These work try to affront two different aspect of the problem. In the first part the following question has been exploited: for a given problem, geometry, loading, boundary condition etc... which is the most accurate model in term of results fidelity with the lowest computational cost? Two different approaches have been used to give an answer. The Best Plate Theory Diagram (BPTD) has been drawn. Trough the BPTD it is possible, for a given problem, to identify those models with the lowest computational time and a good results fidelity. An advanced mono-dimensional multi-field FEM model is presented in the second part of the thesis. The model is able to capture the insertion of piezo-electric elements in composite wing. It has been developed starting from the Carrera Unified Formulation and from the electro-mechanical constitutive equation. Comparison with the bibliography have be done in order to validate the results
Nel campo dell’aeronautica il termine shape morphing identifica quei velivoli in grado di apportare determinati cambiamenti geometrici al fine di adattarsi a diversi profili di missione. Diversamente dalle soluzioni convenzionali la progettazione di velivoli shape morphing richiede : un’attuazione distribuita, uno skin flessibile in grado di pemettere le deformazioni e delle leggi di controllo. Divengono quindi di notevole interesse modelli in grado di cogliere l’inserzione di attuatori e sensori di nuova generazione all’interno dell’ala, e di esibire al contempo un basto costo computazionale. Nel lavoro presentato in questa tesi vengono trattati entrabi gli aspetti. Nella prima parte si è andati a dare una risposta alla segunete domanda: per un dato problema, geometria, condizioni di carico, etc..., qual è il modello più accurato, in termini di fedeltà dei risultati, che presenta il minor costo computazionale? Il problema è stato affrontato attraverso due differenti approcci, che hanno portato alla creazione della "Best Plate Theory Curve", attraverso la quale è possibile, per un dato problema, identificare il modello più idoneo in termini di fedeltà dei risultati e di costo computazionale. Nella seconda parte del lavoro viene presentato un modello mono-dimensionale multi-campo avanzato in grado di cogliere l’inserzione di elementi piezo-elettrici in ali in materiale composito. Questo elemento è stato viluppato partendo dalla Carrera Unified Formulation e dalle equazioni costitutive elettromeccaniche. Sono state effettuate poi delle validazioni attraverso confronti con la bibliografia
Pouzancre, Agnès. "Développement des résidus d'ordre supérieur". Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20208.
Texto completo da fonteFournier, Nicolas. "Développement de méthodes optiques pour la mesure de champs cinématiques sur des structures". Saint-Etienne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STET4022.
Texto completo da fonteRojatkar, Ashish. "Développement d'une méthodologie pour l'évaluation de l'exposition réelle des personnes aux champs électromagnétiques". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC028/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe work presented in the thesis is directed towards addressing the requirement for determining the radio frequency (RF) exposure due to mobile phones under typical usage/ real-life scenarios and also to develop a method to predict and compare mobile phones for their real-life RF exposure. The mobile phones are characterized for their specific absorption rate (SAR) and for transmit and receive performance given by the over-the-air (OTA) characterization. Using the SAR and the total radiated power (TRP) characterization, an exposure index referred to as the SAROTA index was previously proposed to predict the real-life exposure due to mobile phones which would also serve as a metric to compare individual phones. In order to experimentally determine the real-life RF exposure, various software modified phones (SMP) are utilized for the study. These phones contain an embedded software capable of recording the network parameters. The study is undertaken in the following order: (a) Characterization of the available tools and resources for performing targeted measurements/experiments, (b) identifying the important radio resource parameters and metrics to perform the targeted measurements, (c) investigation of the actual implementation of the power control mechanism in a live network for various received signal level and received quality environments, (d) investigating the correlation of the over-the-air performance of the mobile phones and the extent of actual power control realization, (e) comparing the actual exposure and the real-life exposure as predicted by the SAROTA index. Based on the logistical and technical challenges encountered, the experiments were restricted to indoor environments to enable repeatability. During the first phase of the study, the stability of the indoor environment was evaluated. During the second phase, the influence of hand phantom on the SAR and TRP of the mobile phones and the capability of the SAROTA index to predict the exposure was investigated. Further developing on the insights from the hand phantom experiments, in the third phase, a set of identical software modified phones were externally modified to alter the TRP performance and the methodology to determine the real-life exposure and also verify the capability of the SAROTA index to predict the exposure levels was investigated. The experiments demonstrate that the SAROTA index is capable of predicting the real-life exposure and comparing the mobile phones
Adolphe, Xavier. "Contribution au développement de la méthode électrodiffusionnelle : "nouveaux capteurs et exemples d'applications"". Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT2273.
Texto completo da fonteThe dissertation has been realized within the framework of European programmes COST F2 " Electrochemical Flow Measurements " and COST P6 " MagnetoFluidDynamics ". This multidisciplinary topic deals with the studies of convective transfer phenomena near solid/liquid interfaces (coupling of hydro/thermo/electrochemical phenomena). The new type of electrodiffusional sensors (" screen-printed electrodes ") have been studied and adapted for practical applications. Special attention has been paid to the calibration of electrochemical probes with respect to local wall shear stress measurements as well as to the measurements of the statistical characteristics of the turbulence within the viscous sublayer. This allows us to obtain reliable data for the fine characterisation of the near wall turbulent mixing of a passive scalar. The results of experimental measurements in a plane channel are in a good agreement with the results of direct numerical simulations (DNS). A new method of electrochemical flow diagnostic based on the measurements of the delay time have been proposed and studied. Two types of control of the interfacial transfer phenomena have been studied : electromagnetic actions (influence of the Lorentz forces) and surfactants. The methods developed have been used for three industrial applications : - modelling (software FLUENT) of the galvanic processes (contact collaboration with the company PEM: " Protection Electrolytique des Métaux "); -study of biofilms growth (12th CPER, program "WATER" in collaboration with the company " Concorde Chimie "); - simulation of Lithium-Ion behaviour by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (in collaboration with the company " SAFT ")
Nistea, Ioana Theodora. "Développement des techniques optiques et acoustiques de mesure de champs orientées vers la vibroacoustique". Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00585533.
Texto completo da fonteNistea, Ioana Theodora. "Développement des techniques optiques et acoustiques de mesure de champs orientées vers la vibroacoustique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rouen, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAM0025.
Texto completo da fonteThe use of optical measurement techniques requires a choice, often difficult, between temporal resolution and spatial resolution. Speckle interferometry (IS) provides high spatial resolution maps of vibration amplitudes, but the temporal resolution of measurements is reduced, due to the low acquisition rates of detectors. The thesis is dedicated to the development of an interferometric system that is able to measure dynamic phenomena with superior temporal resolution. The system was tested at acquisition rates exceeding 26,000 frames/s, for the following cases: harmonic excitation; arbitrary excitation; dynamic loading by a staircase signal and mechanical shock. The tests showed that the system is able to overcome conventional systems of continuous wave SI with respect to the measurement of dynamic phenomena
Bronchart, Quentin. "Développement de méthodes de champs de phase quantitatives et applications à la précipitation homogène dans les alliages binaires". Cergy-Pontoise, 2006. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/06CERG0302.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteIn this study, quantitative phase field modelings are developped. The quantitative aspect concerns the time and space scales. The aim is to predict at the mesoscale the microstructural evolutions of a homogeneous precipitation in a weakly supersaturated binary alloy. In a first part, the statistical basements of the phenomenological approaches are presented. In this phenomonological framework, we analyse two different cases. First, we calibrate the stochastic equation of evolution of the Allen-Cahn type on a Monte Carlo kinetic. Second, we calibrate the stochastic equation of evolution of the Cahn-Hilliard type on some experimental data that characterize the considered alloy. Finally, the purely phenomenological approach is abandoned and we present a coarse-graining procedure which allows to obtain, starting from a kinetic model defined at the atomic scale, a new formulation for the phase field modeling and its ingredients: density of free energy, mobilities, stochastic terms
Lecouturier, Florence. "Contribution au développement des champs magnétiques pulsés très intenses : R & D des conducteurs renforcés". Toulouse, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAT0027.
Texto completo da fonteGaudard, Eric. "Développement d'outils pour l'analyse de champs aéroacoustiques à l'origine du bruit dans un habitacle automobile". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066717.
Texto completo da fonteThis study aims to develop analysis tools for aeroacoustic fields. The interest of such a work is to improve the understanding of physical phenomena at the origin of aeroacoustic noise perceived in an automotive vehicle. A wave tracking method based on a sensitivity analysis is presented and applied in various configurations. The interests and limitations of this tool are specified. Then three decomposition methods are considered: Discrete Fourier Transform, Proper Orthogonal Decomposition and Dynamic Mode Decomposition. First, the study of synthetic signals is used to analyze the sensitivity of different methods to different parameters such as frequency, energy, and the amount of noise of analyzed signals. Then they are used to analyze aeroacoustic fields associated with physical phenomena encountered in automotive aeroacoustics such as the A-pillar, the boundary layer developing on the glass, and the wake of a mirror. These fields are obtained with numerical simulations and synthesis methods. The manuscript then concludes on the interests of each decomposition methods for aeroacoustic
Boisclair, Julien. "Développement d'un concept de compensation statique magnétique pour une articulation robotique". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26442.
Texto completo da fonteChopinet, Louise. "Effets des champs électriques pulsés milli et nanosecondes sur cellules et tissus". Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2171/.
Texto completo da fonteElectropermeabilization is a physical technique first developed to transfer cytotoxic drugs in tumor. It consists in the transient permeabilization of the plasma membrane following electric field application. In specific electric conditions using long pulses of several milliseconds, the membrane destabilization can allow transferring plasmid DNA into the cell, thus allowing the development of gene therapy. For now, one clinical trial has been published using gene eletro-transfer and several others are ongoing. However the efficiency of the technique remains low compared to other transfer methods. This thesis gets interested in how pulsed electric fields affect cell membranes, in the concrete situation of gene transfer by electroporation. The comprehension of electro-gene transfer process need to be well understood in order to optimize it. In this context, we focus on the 3 barriers that DNA is confronted to during its transfer: first at the cell level: plasma membrane and nuclear envelope, second at the tissue level: the complexity of a multicellular environment. I) We first studied the efficiency of gene transfer on multicellular spheroid model. This work allowed the validation of this model for electro-transfection study, and the further optimization of the technique by raising some of the failures encountered in gene transfer in tissue. Ii) The second part of the work has been dedicated to study plasma membrane destabilization due to electroporation by Atomic Force Microscopy. We used both innovating imaging modes and spectroscopy modes to analyze the effects on living cells, which resulted in the measurement of a decrease in elasticity, linked to side effects of electric fields on actin cytoskeleton destabilization. Iii) The last part has been dedicated to the effects of nanopulses (nsEP) on both plasma membrane and the second barrier encountered by gene during its transfer, namely nuclear envelope. The effects of these very short (ns) and intense (several kV/cm) pulses have been indeed shown to affect both cell membrane and internal envelope (organelles ones). We first study their effect on membrane using patch-clamp to discriminate in the implication of actin cytoskeleton in nanopores formation. We secondly aimed to study how these nanopulses affect the special structure that is nuclear envelope during gene transfer, for validating their potential use on humans, and their possible role in optimization for gene transfer. P-clamp study revealed that actin is not involved in nanopores formation, and gene transfer one that nsEP do not affect positively transfection efficiency. Altogether this thesis brings new insights in electropermeabilization mecanisms understanding and barriers for gene transfer in tissue. Methods, models and tools have been set and validated. They are now usable for investigating electric field effect on living organisms
Moulart, Raphaël. "Développement et mise en oeuvre d'une méthode de mesure de champs de déformation à l'échelle micrométrique". Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003212.
Texto completo da fonteMoulard, Raphaël. "DÉVELOPPEMENT ET MISE EN OEUVRE D'UNE MÉTHODE DE MESURE DE CHAMPS DE DÉFORMATION À L'ÉCHELLE MICROMÉTRIQUE". Phd thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure d'arts et métiers - ENSAM, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00351685.
Texto completo da fonteChartier, Matthieu. "Développement et applications d’un outil bio-informatique pour la détection de similarités de champs d’interaction moléculaire". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8893.
Texto completo da fonteAbstract : Methods that detect binding site similarities between proteins serve for the prediction of function and the identification of potential off-targets. These methods can help prevent side-effects, suggest drug repurposing and polypharmacological strategies and suggest bioisosteric replacements. Most methods use atom-based representations despite the fact that molecular interaction fields (MIFs) represents more closely the nature of what is meant to be identified. We developped a computational algorithm, IsoMif, that detects MIF similarities between binding sites. We benchmark IsoMif to other methods which has not been previously done for a MIF-based method. IsoMif performed best in average and more consistently accross datasets. We highlight limitations intrinsic to the methodology or to nature. The impact of design choices on performance is discussed. We built a freely available web interface that allows the detection of similarities between a protein and pre-calculated MIFs or user defined MIFs. PyMOL sessions can be downloaded to visualize similarities for the different intermolecular interactions. IsoMif was applied for a large-scale analysis (5,6 millions of comparisons) to predict offtargets of drugs. Docking simulations of the drugs in the binding site of their top hits were performed. The primary objective is to generate hypotheses that can be further investigated and validated regarding drug repurposing opportunities and side-effect mechanisms.
Nacitas, Mylène. "Contribution au développement de méthodes de contrôle non destructif et de caractérisation de matériaux par interférométrie microondes associée à la thermographie infrarouge". Limoges, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIMO0051.
Texto completo da fonteMerabti, Karim. "Yellow Fluorescent Protein : étude du π stacking : élaboration d'un modèle du déclin de fluorescence". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS264/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe general framework of this PhD is a theoretical study by quantum chemistry and molecular dynamics of the relationship between the structure and the fluorescence properties of fluorescent proteins, particulary, of the yellow fluorescent protein (YFP). In this protein, the electron transition energy is reduced with respect to that of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a result of a π stacking between the chromophore (the part that absorbs and emits visible light in the protein) and a tyrosine . This effect is the basis of the usefulness of YFP in the laboratory (resonance energy transfer "FRET" with other proteins).This study has two parts. First, we have tried to determine if a classical force field (ff99 of the AMBER suite) can represent the effect of π stacking on the dynamics in the excited state. For this goal, we performed a series of CASPT2 calculations on a grid of points. The conclusion is that the difference between the interaction energy surfaces resulting from the force field and the CASPT2 calculations does not seem decisive for the fluorescence properties. Second, we used a model developed in the ThéoSim group to extract the fluorescence decay time from a series of dynamics (300ns) using a classical force field. This method leads to the determination of parameters in principle transferable across fluorescent protein. We compared GFP and YFP. This approach opens the way to a fast method for determining fluorescence properties for new fluorescent proteins. A next step would be to improve the description of radiative decay used in this model
Rida, Fatima. "Tester la conjecture de Curie-de Gennes". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV061/document.
Texto completo da fonte“La vie ne produit pas de corps symétrique” L. Pasteur Mirror symmetry breaking is an ever-fascinating topic that plays a crucial role in physics, chemistry, and biology. The ultimate goal of this study is to demonstrate experimentally the so-called Curie de-Gennes conjecture. It was proposed for the first time by P. Curie (1894) and later developed by de-Gennes. It stipulates that it is possible to generate dissymmetry (enantiomeric excess (e.e.)) by submitting a racemic mixture to the combined influence of collinear magnetic and electric fields. Such influence modifies the kinetics of the system: depending on the relative orientation of the magnetic and electric fields, one of the enantiomers is formed faster than the other because of a lower activation energy (Ea),. This influence was later named by Barron as « falsely chiral ». To demonstrate this conjecture, two different experiments were developed:1) The enantioselective crystallization of a chiral metal-organic framework under external physical influence (magnetic field or rotation force) by slow diffusion. The small e.e. is expected to be created and amplified by crystal growth at the interface aqueous solution / ethanol-saturated vapors. In this experiment, we have found that the Curie de-Gennes conjecture demonstration is difficult to achieve due to high dispersion of the average of the observed e.e. and the weakness of the expected effect. 2) Creating an e.e. in a racemic atropisomeric biphenyl based liquid crystal by applying (anti)parallel magnetic and electric fields. The helical twisting power of biphenyls molecules in the nematic phase will enhance the dichroic signal related to the expected e.e. to a measurable level. During this second experiment we have experimentally observed an e.e. in biphenyl-based nematic liquid crystals induced by (anti)parallel combination of magnetic and electric fields. This excess was linearly dependent on the product of magnetic and electric fields and, within one order of magnitude, its absolute value corresponds to the theoretical estimation. Ultimate checks shall confirm that these results constitute a convincing experimental demonstration of the Curie de Gennes conjecture
Afandé, Messan. "Étude et développement d'une pince robotique à trois doigts, à retour de force, avec optimisation de la force de saisie". Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1992. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5311/1/000598129.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteMege, Fabrice. "AFM à contact résonant : développement et modélisation". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00618676.
Texto completo da fonteFerré, Nicolas. "Développements de la méthode LSCF "ab initio" et d'un champ de forces hydride QM/MM/Madelung pour l'étude de la réactivité dans les zéolithes". Nancy 1, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2001_0170_FERRE.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteThe understanding of the chemical reactivity catalyzed by zeolites needs theoretical models that take account of their features: size, periodicity, chemical defects, acidic sites. A quantum mechanis/molecular mechanics hybrid model is proposed: the reaction center is treated with quantum mechanics, the close environment is represented by a classical force-field, these two parts interacting with the Madelung potential of the rest of the solid. The major features are: theoretical development of the ab initio Local Self Consistent Field method ; the coupling with a classical force-field and the parameterization of the QM/MM force-field ; the development of an electrostatic operator. This method was checked and validated on various chemical systems (little molecules, proteins, zeolites). We also calculated core electron ionization potentials with a great accuracy
Bélanger, Mathieu. "Études des fonctions de corrélation en théorie conforme des champs : transformation intégrale du développement en produit d'opérateurs". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38112.
Texto completo da fonteCorrelation functions in conformal eld theory can be expressed with the help of the operator product expansion. The latter contains all the necessary information to characterize those theories. This expansion has given rise to the bootstrap equations. The bootstrap program has led to interesting numerical results but analytic equivalents have yet to be found. Some recent results introduced the inversion formula to the operator product expansion which allows one to nd the conformal data for the correlation function. Those relations need the complete form of the correlation function which are not usually known. This renders those inversion formulas hard to use for the bootstrap program. Here, we propose an integral transformation of the operator product expansion that uses the inversion formula. This gives us a way to relate the conformal data of the different crossing symmetry channels. In the case of four identical scalar elds, this relation can be used as a recurrence relation in two and four dimensions. This might validate known results and also nd some new systems.
Yusifli, Elmar. "Développement d'une instrumentation embarquée pour le contrôle de dermes équivalents en culture". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCD020.
Texto completo da fonteThe skin is an organ which can regenerate and heal. It is the first shield of protection of our body against external physico-chemical aggression. For several decades, researches have been conducted to control the dermis culture for several applications such as grafting large burns. The technological aspect of this area has been the subject of several works. In the 2000s, the team of our laboratory proposed the dermis culture method associated with silicon microsystems. This is the only current method that allows the measurement of isometric forces of the equivalent dermis during its culture.In a first stage of study, in order to produce a miniaturized and low-cost bio-device, we proposed new methods to measure isometric forces in reconstructed skins in culture between two silicon beams. Thus, the optimal dimensions were calculated and new beams were fabricated. The chosen optimization is related to improve the sensitivity of the force measurement. To quantify the deflection of the beams due to the isometric forces applied by the dermis in culture, we opted for the measurement of the displacements of the beams under the influence of the isometric forces by using surface acoustic waves (SAW). This choice is justified by the simplicity of the integration of the interdigital transducers (IDT) that generate the SAW, the possibility of using a wireless interrogation and the physical realization of the cross-correlation of the generated waves.Using simulation, we have identified the frequency deviations caused by wave deformations. Indeed, the dissymmetry of the cross-correlation curve of the signals generated and received by IDT is closely related to the frequency deviation of the received wave. We have evidenced that the beam deflection generates the dissymmetry in the time axis which can be measured more precisely within the limits of sampling. Two demonstrators were designed and manufactured in the clean room to validate the instrumentation and the principle of transducing a chirped signal with a SAW. The obtained results show that the proposed SAW-based force measuring method allows us to measure force, but in a higher intensity range than expected. Subsequently, we studied the method of force measurement by piezoresistors. Considering that the technique is based on the variation of resistivity of the deformed material, we decided to replace the silicon grids provided for the attachment of the dermis in culture by the piezoresistive material implanted on the silicon micro-beams. To improve the low-resolution detection, a series of calculations and simulations of the positions and the dimensions of the piezoresistive material and the micro-beams have been carried out and presented. Another study that we conducted in parallel concerns the development of an on-board instrumentation to monitor the growth of the dermis in culture based on a vision system. Considering of the strict conditions of our specifications that required the portability and autonomy of the final system, we developed an embedded vision system based on a camera module and a FPGA card. The high definition camera mounted on the system of final culture box with a lens allows to take fluorescence images of cells in culture
Kollimada, Aiyappa Somanna. "Study of the factors regulating traction force production by cells". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALY050.
Texto completo da fonteMechanical forces are involved in many physiological processes including morphogenesis, migration, division and differentiation. All these events involve a tight regulation of both the magnitude and spatial distribution of the contractile forces at the cell and tissue-level. Although we know that at the molecular level, the regulation of force production and transmission relies on the complex interplay between a well-conserved set of proteins of the cytoskeleton, we still do not have a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms supporting force generation at the entire cell level. In addition, the magnitude of the traction forces exerted by cells on their underlying extracellular matrix in culture and as such the cell to cell variation of theses forces remain difficult to predict, largely because of the difficulty to characterize precisely how molecular components forming the actomyosin and adhesion networks, individually or via their specific interplay, are related to the force magnitude exerted by these cells. In this context, the aim of my PhD project was to investigate how key biological parameters are precisely related to force generation and regulation process.The first part of my study thereby focused on looking into the effect of the progression of the cell cycle on cell to cell heterogeneity in traction forces. I demonstrated that although the cell cycle status of the cells had a major impact on the magnitude of forces exerted by cells, it was not impacting the overall cell to cell variability in the traction force exerted. I also examined next the possibility that some internal/subcellular contractile efforts could be dissipated instead of being transmitted to cell anchorages by looking at the interplay between actin dynamics and traction forces. The analysis of actin turnover in stress fibers showed that although variations in strain energies were associated to variations in actin dynamics, they were not significant enough to explain the large cell to cell heterogeneities measured in traction force. Finally, I conducted a study dedicated to the characterization of the biochemical composition of the actomyosin network and adhesion pattern of cells in relationship with the force generated and transmitted by cells. To that end, I implemented the standard TFM assay in order to introduce an intermediate labeling step allowing for simultaneous measurement of traction forces and intracellular protein contents. This assay was then used to characterize the content of molecules of the actomyosin cytoskeleton and of the adhesions, either alone or in combination, and force. This work first demonstrated that the vinculin content measured at the level of the entire cell and the area of the focal adhesions, represented good predictors of force. I then showed that actin and myosin displayed broader deviations in their linear relationship to the strain energies, and thus appeared as less reliable predictors of force. Instead, my data suggested that their relative cellular amount plays a key role in setting the magnitude of force exerted by cells. I finally demonstrated that although the alpha-actinin content was not correlated at all with force magnitude, the relative amount of alpha-actinin as compared to actin content was of key importance to regulate force production.In conclusion, these results identified the biochemical contant of focal adhesion and the relative amounts of molecular motors and crosslinkers per actin as key parameters involved in setting the magnitude of force exerted by cells and thereby shed new light on the mechanisms supporting force generation at the entire cell level
Roussel, Guillaume. "Développement et évaluation de nouvelles méthodes de classification spatiale-spectrale d’images hyperspectrales". Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ESAE0020/document.
Texto completo da fonteThanks to a high number of thin and contiguous spectral bands, the hyperpectral imagery can associate to each pixel of animage a spectral signature representing the reflective behaviour of the materials composing the pixel. Most of theclassification algorithms use this great amount of spectral information without noticing the contextual information betweenthe pixels that belong to the same neighborhood. This study aims to realize new algorithms using simultaneously the spectraland spatial informations in order to classify hyperspectral images, and to study their complementarity in several contexts. Forthis purpose, we have developped three different classification scenarios, each one adapted to a particular type of application.The first scenario consists in a vectorial classification processus. Several spectral and spatial characteristics are extracted andmerged in order to form a unique data set, which is classified using a Support Vector Machine method or a Gaussian MixingModel algorithm. The spectral characteristics are extracted using dimension reduction method, such as PCA or MNF, while thespatial characteristics are extracted using textural characterization tools (co-occurrence matrices and texture spectra) ormorphological tools (morphological profiles). For the second scenario, we adapted a Conditional Random Field algorithm tothe hyperspectral context. Finally, the last scenario is an area-wise classification algorithm relying on a textural segmentationmethod as a pre-processing step.The spectral information is generally sufficient to deal with semantically simple classes, linked to a unique type of material.Complex classes (such as ground amenagment classes) are composed of several materials which potentially belong to morethan one class. Those classes can be characterized both spectrally and spatially, which means that they can be morecompletly described using both spectral and spatial informations. To conclude this study, we compared the threespectral/spatial classification scenarios using three criterions : classification accuracy, algorithmic complexity and strength
Youkharibache, Philippe. "Systèmes de coordonnées dans l'étude des vibrations moléculaires : détermination ab-inito des champs de force : confrontation expérimentale et transférabilité". Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066322.
Texto completo da fonteYoukharibache, Philippe. "Systèmes de coordonnées dans l'étude des vibrations moléculaires détermination ab-initio des champs de force, confrontation expérimentale et transférabilité /". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37601984z.
Texto completo da fonteChedevergne, Fany. "Baropodomètre écologique : développement d'un chausson à semelle instrumentée pour l'analyse de la marche". Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BESA2024.
Texto completo da fonteMore and more often, practitioners use the plantar pressure analysis to observe their patient's balance and gait troubles. The health of the neuro-muscular system can be known by qualifying and quantifying the foot laying on the floor. It ables to diagnose, to follow the cure and also to prevent from possible traumas Severals and various baropodometrical tools are available but their functionalities can't totally answer the medical demands. Few of them can record barefoot walk and none do it over numerous step with good reproducibility. That's why this study deals with a new baropodometrical device developed in our lab which is a medical shoe equipped with force sensors. The analysis of the first prototype reveals a limited use fitting only healthy people. After several mechatronical improvements, a new prototype, which could be used with any individual whatever the pathology he suffers, is proposed. Beside, a data processing is developed to plot easily and rapidly the dynamics solicitation of the foot during the gait The first clinical applications lead to the conclusion that the device is still perfectible concerning its measurement accuracy. Nevertheless, the evolution of the plantar pressure distribution is clearly given along the time. The prototype is usable in a clinical context as weIl as in an ecological context at the patient's home. The balance and the locomotion analysis could be proceed with a more spontaneous and regular method. This would be better for following elderly people to prevent them from faIls, or diabetic individuals and their risk of ulcer, or operated patient during their readaptation, and more widely anyone with any pathology
Leroy, Paul. "Mesure des champs magnétiques alternatifs et continus dans les plasmas naturels : développement d'un magnétomètre searchcoil à bande étendue". Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00143222.
Texto completo da fonteChow, Wang. "Développement d'une méthode in situ pour mesurer les champs de déformation élastique et totale à l'échelle du grain". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLC003/document.
Texto completo da fonteMicromechanical modelling was widely developed during the past 20 years as they enable ones to make direct links between the actual microstructure of a material and its macroscopic properties such as mechanical, thermal, electrical, etc. Crystal plasticity models aim at predicting local and macroscopic behaviours and/or changes of the microstructure during thermomechanical loading. However, the parameters of these models are difficult to identify, because the mechanisms they describe are at a small scale and are thus complicated to measure. For this reason, the crystalline model identification requires the use of experimental data at the grain scale. The objective of the study presented here is to develop a robust procedure to obtain at least two distinct local mechanical responses of a material at the grain scale.The total and elastic strain fields have been chosen to be characterised referring to the research interest and the adaptability of experimental methodologies. When samples were subjected to simple tensile loadings and unloadings, strain fields were measured on the sample surface simultaneously at each successive level. Total strain fields were determined by the Digital Image Correlation technique (DIC) while elastic strain fields were calculated from the X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. Two oligo-crystalline samples of an aluminium alloy (5052) has been prepared and used in this study. The experimental device and methodology was designed and developped to perform DIC, XRD and tensile tests in-situ in an X-ray diffractometer. The total and elastic strain fields of two samples through in situ tension experiments were obtained. Besides results and analysis, the corresponding uncertainties during each measurement were quantified as well