Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Détection des acides aminés"
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Vardanega, Delphine. "Détection de molécules d'acides aminés par des nanotubes de carbone chiraux". Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00912684.
Texto completo da fonteColson, Amélie. "Dérivés organométalliques d’aminoacides γ-phosphorés : vers la détection électrochimique des autoanticorps de la sclérose en plaques". Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOS084.
Texto completo da fonteAnouti, Suzanne. "Séparations électrophorétiques bidimensionnelles réalisées dans un seul capillaire pour l'analyse d'acides aminés". Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20227.
Texto completo da fonteMionetto, Nathalie. "Biocapteur ampérométrique pour la détection d'insecticides à action anticholinestérasique : étude en milieu organique et applications". Perpignan, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PERP0171.
Texto completo da fonteDelescluse, Julie. "MND, un transporteur d’acides aminés, acteur clef de la réponse neuronale aux acides aminés des corps pédonculés, chez l’adulte Drosophila melanogaster". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCK029.
Texto completo da fonteEvery living organism lives in an ecosystem, where it needs to detect and integrate multiple environmental factors (temperature, humidity, organic or non-organic chemical compounds...). These signals play an important role in communication between organisms. Each individual must link these external stimuli with its own internal signals (nutritional, metabolic, hormonal, infection...), and adapt its behavior to ensure its survival and reproduction. To achieve this, complex detection mechanisms have been developed, including the chemosensory system, allowing the reception and discrimination of external chemical molecules. Internal organs are sensitive to internal signals to detect deficiencies and control cellular and tissue homeostasis. These processes are made possible by transmembrane proteins that specialize in detection and/or transporting other molecules such as amino acids (AAs), essential for all cell types such as neuronal cells.My research focuses on an amino acid transporter belonging to the SLC7A family called Minidiscs (MND) and we showed that MND is expressed in the adult brain, in neurons and glial cells. This protein appears to be localized at the plasma membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum. MND is expressed in neurons forming a particular brain structure called Mushroom Bodies (MBs) and plays a key role in the response of these neurons to several L-amino acids (L-Asp, L-Arg, L-Glu, L-Lys, L-Ile, L-Leu, and L-Thr). This result demonstrates that SLC7A transporters are involved in controlling neuron activity and suggests that MBs can directly detect L-amino acids via MND. That making this structure a center for detecting the individual's internal nutritional status. The response of these neurons to L-Leucine MND-dependent involves a TOR pathway and not a GDH one. Due to its localization within the CPs, MND may potentially modulate behaviors associated with this structure. However, the presence of MND in all MB neurons is not required for modulation of male territorial aggressive behavior.My results also show that MND is required for the MBs' response to L-Glutamate which is also a neurotransmitter. MND is described as a transporter of uncharged L-amino acids and not L-Glutamate which is a negatively charged AA. Five L-Glutamate receptors are expressed in the MB neurons expressing MND: NMDAR1, NMDAR2, KAIR1D, mGluR, and GluCl��. We demonstrated that MB activation via the NMDAR1 receptor is MND dependent. This glutamatergic signaling pathway does not appear to be involved in the regulation of aggressive behavior. However, MB activity in response to glutamate involving NMDAR1 appears to be modulated by the social environment. Thus, the response of the MBs is increased in isolated males compared to grouped males. This glutamate response via NMDAR1 could depend on the chronic detection of 11-cis-Vaccenyl Acetate (cVA), a male pheromone. This suggesting that social environment impacts the MB activity.Thus, my results show that SLC-type amino acid transporters are involved in the ability of neurons to respond to neurotransmitters, such as glutamate and AAs
Petritis, Konstantinos. "Nouvelles méthodes de séparations chirale et non chirale des acides aminés non dérivés par chromatographie en phase liquide et couplage à différents modes de détection : dosage dans des matrices complexes". Orléans, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ORLE2007.
Texto completo da fonteBalaguer, Patrick. "Détection non isotopique de sondes nucléiques : application à la réaction d'hybridation et d'amplification (PCR) : [Polymerase Catalysed Reaction]". Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20050.
Texto completo da fonteLacroix, Olivier. "Etude préliminaire pour l'application en routine d'un test de chimiotaxie aux acides aminés utilisé pour la détection de l'altération de la perméabilité chez les entérobactéries". Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P153.
Texto completo da fonteSafieddine, Saaid. "Etude des innervations cochléaires par immunofluorescence et par hybridation in situ : détection des récepteurs et coexistence des neurotransmetteurs/neuromodulateurs". Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20047.
Texto completo da fonteLacroix, Marlène. "Optimisation d'une méthode de dosage de neurotransmetteurs par le couplage LC/Fluo/MS : études théoriques du marquage au NDA par spectrométrie de masse haute résolution, modélisation moléculaire et étude quantitative de relations structure-temps de rétention (3D-QSRR)". Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/47/.
Texto completo da fonteSome amino acids and peptides are neurotransmitters involved in neurological diseases. As they are very low concentration in biological samples, HPLC coupled with a fluorescence detector and a mass spectrometer is performed for the identification and the quantification of these molecules. As amino acids are not fluorescent natively, they are labelled with a fluorogenic dye: the naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde (NDA) and a nucleophile (CN-). The labelling for the peptides (enkephalins) is slightly modified in order to facilitate the ionisation in positive mode in mass spectrometry: the nucleophile CN- is substituted by an aminothiol easily ionisable, the N,N-dimethylaminoethanethiol (MeAT). Some theoretical studies are investigated in molecular modelling, high resolution mass spectrometry and H/D exchange studies in order to explain the results obtained on each labelling
Bertrand, Marylène. "Origine exogène des acides aminés prébiotiques". Thesis, Orléans, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ORLE2025/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis study concerns the transport to Earth of exogenic organic matter by meteorites or micrometeorites in order to better determine the conditions under which organic molecules synthesized in space contributed to the emergence of the life on Earth four billion years ago or more. Organic molecules were exposed to space conditions on board the international space station as well as in laboratory experiments. Moreover, simulated meteorite impacts on organic molecules associated with a clay were carried out to determine the survival of the organic components. Amino-acids and dipeptides were selected for these studies because of their prebiotic interest and for the diversity of their functional groups. Methods of derivatization for chiral and not chiral analysis of these molecules by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer were developed. The results of the experiments show that the resistance of the molecules to irradiation and to impact is a function of their chemical nature, and that transport in the space environment as well meteoritic impact could be used as molecular filters by favouring the survival of certain molecules rather than others
Nourry, Sendres. "Astrochimie radicalaire : vers la synthèse des acides aminés". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066680/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn interstellar medium, many hydrogen-containing molecules such as CH4, NH3 or CH3OH may be dissociated, with the contribution of cosmic ray particles or high-energy photons, becoming one of the most important sources of activated radicals. However, in the core of some dark and dense clouds, without those supplying external energies, other radicals formation pathways under non-energetic condition might exist.In the present Ph-D thesis, we have studied thermal reactions involving small organic compounds and ground state nitrogen atoms N(4S), in solid phase, at cryogenic temperatures from 3 to 50 K, using a Fourier Transform InfraRed Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. We have shown that gradual heating, between 3 and 10 K, allow to induce of the nitrogen atoms mobility in the solid sample stimulating the N(4S) – N(4S) recombination processes. Such recombinations result in the formation of a very reactive metastable molecular nitrogen N2(A) which through energetic transfer processes with N(4S) atoms can lead to the formation of excited nitrogen atoms N(4P/2D). The production of those excited nitrogen species in solid phase plays an important role in the dissociation of H-containing species which may be the first step in the origin of the molecular complexity of the interstellar medium
Hervé, Yolande. "Synthèses d'acides aminés optiquement purs par décarboxylation radicalaire". Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112328.
Texto completo da fonteDuring the three years of this work, a number of naturally and non-naturally occurring amino-acids have been synthesized. The radical decarboxylation of O-esters of N-hydroxypyridine-2-thione, developed by the Barton group, has been successfully applied to amino-acids. Once the amino-acid esters were synthesized, it was shown that the main side-chain functional groups do not need to be protected when decarboxylation is performed with tertiarybutylthiol. Under differing conditions, decarboxylation of the βand γ-carboxyl functions of aspartic and glutamic acids, selectively protected at the α-carboxyl function, has allowed the syntheses, in optically pure form, of: - new, unsaturated amino-acids; - L and D-α-aminoadipic, L-α-aminopimelic, and L-α-amino-δ,ε-dehydropimelic acids; - L-vinylglycine; - L-selenomethionine, L-Se-benzyl-selenocysteine, and L-selenocystine; - perhydroindole-2-carboxylic acid, a praline derivative which is an intermediate in the synthesis of a powerful A. C. E. Inhibitor
Kalch, Delphine. "Amination électrophile : synthèses d'acides aminés cycliques et organocatalyse". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009VERS0027.
Texto completo da fonteC-N bonds occur in most of organic molecules and are particularly important in biologically active compounds. Our work focused on one of the methods that enable to create this kind of bonds : electrophilic α-animation of carbonyls. First we worked on two cyclic amino acids syntheses : an approach of (-)bulgecinine and the preparation of both enantiomers of trans-3-hydroxyproline in which we protected the alcohol function. For these two syntheses an anti-α-β-amino alcool is a key intermediate. Then we studied electrophilic α-amination of carbonyls by organocatalysis. We first showed the efficiency of new organocatalysis developed in the laboratory : trans-tert-butoxyprolines. We then used the best of them for the synthesis of D-proline and 6-functionalized tetrahydropyridazins. Finally, we tested these tetrahydropyridazins as catalysts for the electrophilic α-amination of 6,6-dimethoxyhexanal
Milcent, Thierry. "Synthèses et applications d'acides bêta2-aminés". Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066260.
Texto completo da fonteHuck, Jacques. "Synthèse et étude de la réactivité des N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl N-Carboxyanhydrides issus de ß-aminoacides. Synthèse de ß2-aminoacides originaux". Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20083.
Texto completo da fonteAyed, Charfedinne. "Nouvelles approches de préparations d’acides aminés C-glycosylés par réaction d’alcynylation médiée à l’indium". Cergy-Pontoise, 2010. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/2010CERG0482.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of our work detail with the preparation of C-glycosylated amino acids for supported peptide synthesis. To prepare these compunds, we envisage a new indium-mediated methodology, indium being a non-toxic metal. The ultimate goal is the integration of these functionalized C-glycosylated amino acids into peptide by solid phase peptide synthesis. C-glycosides are essential because they represent the keystone of the synthetic glycopeptides. These compunds lead to the preparation of glycopeptides for the study of new biological activities. This manuscript details the varioius studies carried out during this thesis for the synthesis of C-glycosylated amino acids. In this work, we highly benefited from the expertise of the laboratory in terms of alkynyl organometallic chemistry, particularly in the indium C-mediated glycosylation. A key point of the proposed synthetic strategy involves preparation of an iodinated alkyne acid precursor
Picard, Julien. "Synthèse d'acides aminés C-glycosylés par voie organométallique". Cergy-Pontoise, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CERG0267.
Texto completo da fonteIn this thesis we present the synthesis of C-glycosides and of C-glycosylated amino acids according to an organometallic pathway. These compounds in which a methylene group replaces the natural N- or O-glycosilic link are particularly stable in vivo and can have enzyme inhibitors activities or can be used in the treatment of various diseases. Two synthetic approaches were studied: -The palladium-catalyzed Negishi cross-coupling. Under these conditions the desired products were not obtained; only a homocoupling product was isolated. -The indium mediated alkynylation. In this second case, various hydroxylated, ketonic, mono or di-fluorinated and methylated C-glycosides were obtained in good yields. The application of this methodology to an alkyne iodide derived from Garner's aldehyde led to C-glycosylated amino acids precursors
Teroitin, Isabelle. "Les acides aminés modifiés rencontrés dans les champignons supérieurs". Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P043.
Texto completo da fonteCohen, Allegrine. "Elimination urinaire des acides aminés chez la femme enceinte". Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P204.
Texto completo da fonteLaaziri, Abdelhamid. "Synthèse et applications d'amino esthers gbs-substitues à partir d'oxazolines dériées de la serine et de la threonine". Cergy-Pontoise, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CERG0021.
Texto completo da fonteJourdan, Marion. "La séquestration splanchnique des acides aminés au cours du vieillissement". Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05N08S.
Texto completo da fonteBackground : Splanchnic sequestration of amino acids (SSAA) is a process observed during aging that leads to decreased peripheral amino acid (AA) availability. The mechanisms underlying SSAA remain unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether a high-protein diet can increase nitrogen retention in aged rats by saturating SSAA, and whether SSAA can be explained by dysregulation of hepatic nitrogen metabolism per se. Materiel and methods: Adult and aged male Sprague-Dawley rats were housed in individual metabolic cages and fed a normal-protein (17% protein) or a high-protein diet (27%) for two weeks. Nitrogen balance (NB) was calculated daily. On day 14, livers were isolated and perfused (IPL) for 90 min to study AA and urea fluxes. Results: NB was lower in aged rats fed. . . .
Gesbert, Gaël. "Transport des acides aminés et virulence nutritionnelle de Francisella tularensis". Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01071293.
Texto completo da fonteIraqui, Houssaini Ismaïl. "Métabolisme des acides aminés aromatiques chez la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211859.
Texto completo da fonteCarlet, Christine. "Chromatographie des acides aminés sanguins chez des sujets âgés dénutris". Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON11017.
Texto completo da fonteEnoma, Ferdinand. "Introduction d'un reste aminoacide sur des squelettes [1,2-a] et [3,4-a]-s-triazines". Rouen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ROUE01NR.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of the work was to improve the biodisponibility an the pharmacological properties of pyramido [1,2-α] and [3,4-α] - s-triazines by introducing an aminoacid on the triazines nucleus. Two synthetic pathways were designed to access to compound bearing an aminoacid. The first one consists in introducing a protected aminoacid on the activited carboxylic function of pharmacophores N-phenylpyrimido [1,2-α] and [3,4-α] -s-triazines. In a first time, activation was realised by DCCI/ HOBt, but this process generated side products which were difficult to separate. Another nucleophile auxiliary ; CDMT gave better results avoiding side products an improving the yields. The second strategy consisted in iminodimethylation of aminopyrimidinedione synthons using an aromatic amine bearing the protected aminoacid. 72 pyrimido [1,2-α] and [3,4-α]-s-triazines bearing protected aminoacid could be synthesized. The instability of these compounds was specilally observed, during the deprotecting experiments
Mora, Nathalie. "Synthèse de phosphoaminoacides, phosphopeptides et analogues structuraux d'intérêt biologique". Avignon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AVIG0202.
Texto completo da fonteMEYER, FRANCK. "Synthese et applications d'acides [alpha]-amines [beta]-halogenes et [beta]-phosphores derives de la l-serine". Cergy-Pontoise, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CERG0104.
Texto completo da fonteKhaoua, Saïda. "Régulation des étapes initiales de la biosynthèse de la spiramycine chez Streptomyces ambofaciens". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPL011N.
Texto completo da fonteTabcheh, Mohamad. "Synthèse d'alpha-aminoacides à partir de bases de Schiff chirales : rôle des conditions expérimentales et application à la synthèse d'alpha-aminoacides neuroexcitateurs". Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20292.
Texto completo da fonteBazzi, Houssein. "Sélectivité d’adsorption et de polymérisation d’acides aminés sur surfaces oxydes". Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066456.
Texto completo da fonteWe have studied the interactions of several amino acids with nanoparticles of silica, alumina and clays in the context of prebiotic chemistry, using characterization techniques suitable for divided matter: adsorption isotherms measurements, solid-state NMR spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF) after desorption, thermogravimetric analysis, electron microscopy and XRD. In order to evidence eventual selectivities in amino acids adsorption and polymerization, we have selected two amino acids couples: alanine + arginine (Ala + Arg), and glutamic acid + arginine (Glu + Arg). On amorphous silica (SiO2), the adsorption mechanisms in each case involve weak bonds (probably H-bonding), and activation at moderate temperatures results in the formation of peptide bonds. The (Ala + Arg)/SiO2 system does not show any significant polymerization selectivity, in opposition to the (Ala + Arg)/TiO2 system previously studied. The (Glu + Arg)/SiO2 proves more interesting as there is circumstancial evidence for a "prestructuration" in the adsorbed state involving the formation of adducts; after activation at moderate temperatures, the formation of oligopeptides up to the hexapeptides is observed, with a selectivity for the formation of mixed peptides. The (Glu + Arg) couple has also been studied on other supports. On alumina, the samemême reactivity is observed as on silica, but peptidic condensation is slower end in competition with arginine degradation. On montmorillonite (a cationic clay) and on HDL (an anionic clay), strong adsorption selectivities are observed based on the acid-base speciation of amino acids. When both amino acids are forced to co-adsorb, condensation reactions are also observed, but significantly slower than on silica. Consequently, both adsorption and polymerization selectivities can be observed in some amino acids/divided oxides systems, providing a possible pathway to the evolution of biopolymers complexity
Duboisset, Julien. "Génération de second harmonique de biomolécules : des acides aminés aux protéines". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00425139.
Texto completo da fontePascal, Géraldine. "Etude des biais de composition en acides aminés des protéines microbiennes". Phd thesis, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011839.
Texto completo da fonteNous avons analysé la composition globale en acides aminés de l'ensemble les protéines de chaque protéomes étudiés à l'aide, entres autres, de l'Analyse Factorielle des Correspondances et d'un outil de partitionnement, les nuées dynamiques.
Ont été étudiés
(i) les modèles microbiens les mieux connus E. coli, B. subtilis et M. jannaschii,
(ii) un échantillon représentatif du monde procaryote de 28 organismes aux caractéristiques les plus diverses,
(iii) la pathogénicité de P. luminescens,
(iv) la qualité psychrophile de la bactérie P. haloplanktis, dont la vie à basse température est caractérisée par des
protéines fortement biaisées en asparagine et
(v) une perspective d'application aux eucaryotes simples est évoquée au regard des travaux préliminaires sur l'usage
des codons de P. marneffei, un chamipgnon dimorphique et pathogène.
Suberville, Catherine. "Acides aminés soufrés alimentaires, glutathion et physiologie thyroi͏̈dienne chez le Rat". Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR10598.
Texto completo da fonteSok, Michaël. "Profil en acides aminés des protéines microbiennes chez le bovin laitier". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27732.
Texto completo da fonteOne of the most used references in the evaluation of the amino acid composition (AA) of the duodenum microbial protein (MCP) flow is from Clark et al. (1992, JDS : 2304). Nevertheless, this reference only includes the AA composition of the bacteria associated with the liquid phase (BAL) of the rumen, of which 7 of the 18 studies presented were carried out in sheep. The present work proposes to investigate in more detail microbial protein, including bacteria associated with the solid phase (BAS) and protozoa in dairy cattle. It has been shown that less that 40 % of duodenal MCP can be derived from BAL (Jouany, 1996). The objectives are therefore : Updating the AA composition of rumen bacteria ; Add to the database the AA composition of the rumen protozoa ; Highlight differences in the composition of protozoa and different types of bacteria in AA. Based on preliminary research and a thorough review of the scientific literature on the subject, 26 publications were selected to construct a database of bacteria plus 10 publications on protozoa. The values reported for the bacteria were distributed according to the type of bacteria, i.e. BAL or BAS. The AA composition of bacteria and protozoa was compared by an analysis of variance including the effect of the microorganism type using the following orthogonal contrasts: 1) Bacteria vs protozoa, 2) BAL vs BAS. The results obtained were analyzed and several conclusions were drawn. In particular, as regards to the ratio between the essential AA composition of bacteria and that of protozoa. Trp (1.76 g/100g AA) showed the highest ration while Lys (0.78 g/100 g AA) showed the lowest. These data suggest a particular importance in the identification of the presence of protozoa in the duodenal protein flow in order to correctly predict the duodenal flow in AA. Indeed, the inclusion of protozoa in the duodenal MCP flow contributes a variation of more than 4 % in the estimation of this flow for all AA except for Arg and Leu, compared to the use of the composition of the bacteria reported by Clark et al. (1992, JDS: 2304)
Li, Chun. "Synthèse de nouveaux acides aminés et stéroides par la click chimie". Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010DENS0024.
Texto completo da fonteClick Chemistry has proven to be a powerful tool in chemistry and biomedical research. Of the several click chemistry reactions that are available to us, the union of azides and acetylenes to give triazoles deserves our special recognition. In order to discover novel functional molecules, our goal is to synthesize some derivatives of amino acid and steroid hormone via click chemistry for biological applications. [I] Crosslinking amino acids are natural metabolism products, its synthesis and structure modifications are very important. In this work, a series of novel crosslinking amino acids were designed and synthesized. Especiaily, the benzothiacliazoyl bis-amino acid 62 has been tested as fluorescent sensor and showed selectivity for Hg(II) in water solution. [2] Fluorescent labelling of biomolecules is a powerful method to investigate various biological events at molecular level. The click chemistry has been used for fluorescent labeling of alkyne- or azide-functionalized proteins or for profiling enzyme activities. Triazoyl amino acid and peptides have also been reported. However, to the best of our knowledge, synthesis of fluorescent amino acids with click chemistry has never been reported. We have successfully used natural amino acids as starting materials to obtain their fluorescent derivatives and realized their basic photophysical characterisation. Several of these molecules were found to be suitable for biological applications, especially the benzothiadiazole and coumarin derivatives 90-93 and 99. [3] Introduction of a methyl group at a certain position of steroids may significantly change their bioactivities. We have synthesized a number of 3- and 7- methyl substituted steroids by using a highly stereoselective 1,6-conjugate addition reaction. Furthermore, we have synthesized new glucoconjugates of α-methyl steroid hormones by click chemistry. All the synthesized compounds were assayed in vitro to characterize their biological profiles, and interesting results were obtained
Puchot, Catherine. "Contribution à l'étude des synthèses asymétriques catalysées par les acides aminés". Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066136.
Texto completo da fonteJegatheesan, Prasanthi. "Stéatose hépatique non-alcoolique : intérêt d’un apport nutritionnel en acides aminés". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB096.
Texto completo da fonteNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a manifestation of the metabolic syndrome whose prevalence is constantly growing. Therapeutic strategies are either difficult to implement or of limited effectiveness. We studied a nutritional approach with three specific amino acids: glutamine, arginine and citrulline (Cit) for their pharmaconutrient properties. In a model of moderate fructose-induced NAFLD, citrulline alone (1 g/kg/day) improved lipid metabolism. However, the study of the kinetics of NAFLD suggested a protective effect of nitrogen supply by itself. The specific effect of Cit compared to that of nitrogen (NEAAs) has been determined in a model of 8 week fructose diet-induced NAFLD. This has confirmed the protective effect of Cit and NEAAs. However, Cit exerted a specific effect on the expression of Fas and SREBP1c and improves peripheral Arg availability, an important component of insulin sensitivity. Steatosis was associated with loss of lean mass, suggesting AA oxidation at the expense of muscle anabolism, and lipid accumulation causing steatosis and visceral fat gain; Cit and NEAAs by acting on NAFLD would prevent this effect of fructose. We then evaluated the effects of Cit in a model of more severe steatosis induced by western diet. Cit improved liver function (reduced fat and liver inflammation) and protected the liver-gut axis (restoration of Bacteroides/Prevotella group in the colonic mucosa, decreased intestinal inflammation and increased expression of claudin 1) but did not prevent all western diet-induced alterations. It would be interesting to assess the dose/effect relationship and the effectiveness of Cit in combination with other treatments. Furthermore, the cellular mechanisms remain to be elucidated
Bendeif, El-Eulmi. "Cristallographie à haute résolution des complexes acides minéraux bases azotées ou acides aminés : Etude des interactions intermoléculaires". Nancy 1, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2006_0140_BENDEIF.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteOrganic-inorganic hybrid materials resulting from the association of amino acids with phosphorous acid have a great importance in industry: IR, very high SGH, and NLO properties make these hybrid materials highly attractive for frequency doubling, they also can be used as infrared detectors and pyroelectric devices). We report in the first part of this work chemical preparation, infrared and NMR spectroscopic studies and structural determination by single crystal X-ray diffraction of six new hybrid complexes. The second part is devoted to an accurate analysis of the reversible first order single crystal phase transition that occurs in m-CPAMP. The thermal behaviour and the study of charge density of m-CPAMP using high-resolution data sets collected with synchrotron and neutron diffraction experiments at low temperature will be presented and discussed. This study allows a better understanding of the phase transition mechanism
Hao, Jing. "Synthesis of novel enantiopure trifluoromethyl nitrogen-containing scaffolds". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS261.
Texto completo da fonteFluorinated compounds have shown a growing importance in the development of pharmaceutical agents owing to the outstanding properties of the fluorine atom. In this thesis, we focused on the synthesis of enantiopure trifluoromethyl nitrogen-containing compounds.Starting from the trifluoromethyl aldimine, firstly, an asymmetric aza-Baylis–Hillman reaction was realized with high reaction rates, and diastereoselectivities, and the previously unknown enantiomerically pure (R)-α-methylene β-CF3 β-amino acid was obtained in good yield. Then, through aza-Barbier reaction, the five-membered and six-membered trifluoromethyl cyclic amino acids were obtained, including β-amino acid and γ-amino acid, especially CF3-β-proline, which is very interesting in the further peptide synthesis.Finally, through the addition of vinyl ether to imine, different novel trifluoromethylated amines were afforded. Among these compounds, CF3-amino alcohols are very useful in drug design and asymmetric synthesis, and enantiopure CF3-cyclic amine is a very good substrate to synthesize more functionalized CF3-cyclic compounds
Tassa, Amina. "Mécanismes de régulation de la protéolyse musculaire (autophagie) par une carence en acides aminés". Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF1MM06.
Texto completo da fonteMagnan, Christophe Nicolas. "Apprentissage à partir de données diversement étiquetées pour l'étude du rôle de l'environnement local dans les interactions entre acides aminés". Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX11022.
Texto completo da fonteThe 3D structure of proteins is constrained by some interactions between distant amino acids in the primary sequences. An accurate prediction of these bonds may be a step forward for the prediction of the 3D structure from sequences. A review of the literature raises questions about the role of the neighbourhood of bonded amino acids in the formation of these bonds. We show that we have to investigate uncommon learning frameworks to answer these questions. The first one is a particular case of semi-supervised learning, in which the only labelled data to learn from belong to one class, and the second one considers that the data are subject to class-conditional classification noise. We show that learning in these frameworks leads to ill-posed problems. We give some assumptions that make these problems well-posed. We propose adaptations of well-known methods to these learning frameworks. We apply them to try to answer the questions on the biological problem considered in this study
Bailly, Marc. "Nouveaux aspects des voies indirectes de formation des aa-ARNt amidés". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR13112.
Texto completo da fonteAsparagine (Asn) can be synthesized by a tRNA-dependent mechanism, in which a non-discriminanting aspartyl-tRNA synthetase (ND-DRS) generates a mischarged aspartyl-tRNAAsn (Asp-tRNAAsn) that binds to a tRNA-dependent amidotransferase (AdT) which converts the tRNA-bound aspartate (Asp) into Asn generating the Asn-tRNAAsn required for the ribosomal translation. A similar path is used for the Glutaminyl-tRNAGln (Gln-tRNAGln) biosynthesis and requires a non discriminating glutamyl-tRNA synthetase (ND-ERS), able to aminoacylate tRNAGln with glutamate (Glu) and the same AdT which convert Glu bound to tRNAGln into glutamine (Gln). We have shown that only one nucleotide located into the acceptor arm of tRNAAsn allows efficient conversion of Asp into Asn by the AdT. Moreover, we show that the ND-DRS, tRNAAsn and AdT assemble into a specific ribonucleoprotein complex called transamidosome. Finally we show that in plant mitochondria and chloroplasts the same way is used to synthesize Gln-tRNAGln
Becker, Jean-Paul. "Etude théorique de la solvatation d'acides aminés avec un modèle minimaliste". Nancy 1, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2006_0098_BECKER.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteThe hydrophobic effect is one of the major forces that govern protein folding. We study the hydrophobic effect thermodynamical origins towards the transfer into solution of apolar amino acids and of polar amino acids. Their solvation mechanisms are compared with respect to the temperature. The amino acids and the solvent are represented by a coarse grain model in two dimensions. Monte Carlo simulations in the isothermal isobaric ensemble are performed to compute the thermodynamics of transfer of the amino acids and of homologue compounds of their side chains. There is a good qualitative agreement between the experimental data of the solvation free energy of the side chains and their computed values with the model using thermodynamic integration. The study of thermodynamics of transfer gives insight into the importance of the enthalpic and the entropic contributions to the solvation free energy. Two dimensional distribution maps of water molecules are computed around a polar amino acid, the glutamine, and around an apolar amino acid, the isoleucine, with respect to their hydrogen bonds numbers. These maps show the solvent structure in the vicinity of the solutes. The major transfer thermodynamics differences can be explained by the different impacts of the solutes on the solvent structure
Chotechuang, Nattida. "Le rôle des acides aminés dans le métabolisme protéique du foie sous régime hyper protéique : identification du signal des acides aminés et des voies de transduction associées". Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00610998.
Texto completo da fonteEliard, Christine. "Contribution à l'étude de la croissance et du métabolisme énergétique d'une bactérie du genre Arthrobacter : influence de changements de salinité". Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO11643.
Texto completo da fonteSaint-Martin, Bernard. "Étude des influences géochimiques et moléculaires sur la racémisation des acides aminés". Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MNHNA002.
Texto completo da fonteTembo, Norbert Olivier. "Synthèse et étude physicochimique des 4-amino-1, 2, 3, 4-tétrahydro-1-isoquinolones et 2-quinolones ; 4-aryl-2, 3-dihydropyrrolizines ; 4-aryl-1-oxo-1, 2, 3, 4-tétrahydro-pyrrolo [1, 2-a] pyrazines ; 4-aryl-2-imidazolidinones". Caen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CAEN4044.
Texto completo da fonteBoullet, Héloïse. "Développement d’acides aminés dialkylés polycationiques et leur utilisation dans la conception de peptides antimicrobiens et pro-apoptotiques". Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066743.
Texto completo da fonteThe pharmacological profile of natural peptides is not suitable for the design of therapeutic compounds. However, many chemical changes are possible to improve the stability of peptides from both a structural and proteolytic point of view. The introduction of unnatural amino acids represents one such possibility. In this context, we have developed new polycationic dialkylated amino acids: 2,2bis-homoOrnithine and 3,3bis-homoOrnithine. These new polycationic tools are able to both mimic the side chains of two amino acid residues, and allow a reduction in the size of the peptides while increasing their proteolytic stability. Different synthetic strategies for these amino acids are described in this manuscript. Antimicrobial and pro-apoptotic peptides were then synthesized to validate our concept. The incorporation of 2,2bis-homoOrnithine and 3,3bis-homoOrnithine in small peptides has enabled the design of minimalist antimicrobial peptides, consisting of only two residues, stable against proteolytic degradation and selective for bacteria (vs eukaryotic cells). Finally, further to the identification of a peptide of ten residues active against cancer cells, we have developed shorter and more stable peptide mimics thanks to the substitution of two cationic amino acids by our tools
Gruber, Stéphane. "Etude structurale et enzymatique du complexe entre l’l'ARNt-Sec et la sélénocystéine synthase SelA". Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112347.
Texto completo da fonteSelenium is both a toxic pollutant and an essential trace element, which is contained in selenocysteine, known as the 21st aminoacid. In selenoproteins, this aminoacid is often a primordial residu situated in the enzymatic actif site. The incorporation of selenocysteine is performed by the ribosome during translation and involves recoding of a Stop codon (UGA) of the selenoprotein’s messenger RNA. The mechanism requires a signal sequence on this mRNA called SECIS (SElenoCysteine Insertion Sequence). Thus, selenocysteine is an exception of the genetic code : unlike canonical aminoacids, it is synthetised on its tRNA, and subsequenty incorporated by specific factors. This original biosynthesis on the tRNA-Sec is found, in slightly different forms, in all three domains of life. In Eubacteria, SelA is the enzyme responsable for the selenocysteine biosynthesis on its tRNA-Sec. We report here the structural and enzymatic studies of the complex between SelA and tRNA-Sec, for the organisms E. Coli and M. Thermoacetica taken as exemples. This report presents first the crystallogenesis of both complexes followed by a biochemical study of the macro-complex formation between decameric SelA and up to 5 tRNA-Sec. We took advantages of techniques such as microcalorimetry, chemical footprinting and activity measurement. Finally, a discussion on these new data towards the understanding of SelA function and origin is described