Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Dessin coréen"

The Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a virus that commonly infects the skin, and mucous membrane of the mouth, genitalia, and the eye. HSV-1 is the strain that is most commonly associated with corneal infections, and it is the most frequent cause of corneal blindness in North America [1]. Currently no cure is available, and many limitations are characterized by the currently available synthetic antiviral drugs, which suggest the need for other potential drug alternatives and delivery strategies. Anti-microbial peptides are naturally occurring peptides that are potent killers of a broad range of micro-organisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses [2]. AMPs are known to be a key component of the innate immune response at the human ocular surface. The human cathelicidin-derived AMP, LL-37, expressed in human corneal epithelial cells provides a wide range of protection against viral pathogens such as HSV-1 [3]. My thesis research addressed the design and recombinant production of hybrid AMP sequences containing LL-37 with the potential ability to form chemical or physical associations with a Collagen scaffold material, such as those used in current artificial cornea constructs to address the need for alternative anti-viral drugs. Three fusion proteins were tested, and compared for feasible design anti-microbial peptide expression and purification in E. coli. It was illustrated that the thioredoxin and SUMO fusion systems are good candidates for successful recombinant production of active designed peptides. The point-mutated LL-37 sequence was successfully expressed and purified using the thioredoxin fusion system. It was demonstrated that this modified LL-37 was effective against HSV-1 infection. The SUMO system was used to express the bio-functional LL-37 containing a collagen-binding sequence. Further work is required to address issues regarding recombinant AMP production, such as increasing enzymatic cleavage efficacy, and minimizing proteolytic degradation or modification.

This work began as an exploration of the spatial qualities of awkwardness. It eventually evolved into a fixation on the three planes within the corner of a room, representing the safe haven for an awkward individual. The corner has successfully demonstrated the relationship between body, space and garment as a concept. Furthermore, the corner has proved to function as the ultimate tool for creating a sculpture with the integrated body. The motive of this work is to spark interest and to provide an alternative criteria for what can be categorised as a sculpture. This new criteria represents functional interchanging sculptures that can be built around the body. The limits created within this work have been key in formulating the problem, and to generate a wide range of results within a concentrated field to challenge the method. The ultimate limit has been the corner itself, which has been manifested into the ultimate opportunity. This has resulted in a collection of examples all constructed through the method of the corner and finally bringing it to the body, effectively removing the corner from the space. This has created a mobile wearable space, that can be arranged according to desired fashion and shield awkwardness.

The project is a courthouse designed in the town of Blacksburg. It will not only provides an important and functional public building in the local architectural history, but also improves the urban situation and zoning separation of the town. The corner condition of the project is the focus point of the design, with the architectural interpretation of transition of the scale, material, and the path. The hierarchy of the civic spirit is considered in the façade as well as in the courtrooms themselves.
Master of Architecture

This statement gives an overall summary of the aims and achievements of the research work and scholarship carried out by the author during her time at The University of Manchester (and UMIST - now part of The University of Manchester) for which the publications presented give evidence. The research has been about exploring the design process, the activities and issues, and elements involved - from both an industry and student point of view. The publications explore design pedagogy, the skills required by designers and how these might fit into a curriculum for design today.In three parts it summarises the publications presented, reviews the main aspects of design and the current state of knowledge and research in design and summarises the core aspects as distilled from over 36 years practice, research and scholarship.The driver for much of the research undertaken has been to gain a better understanding of the core aspects of design - what key knowledge and skills are required by designers to allow the consistent design of better products and services which enhance the experiences of users. The work presented investigates design and design methods: the activities and processes and the elements involved. It considers responses to designs, the emotional aspect of design - why some designs are preferred over others, why some colour combinations are more desirable, and why repetition is so important to the human psyche. Underpinning the work presented are three research questions. • Are design rules and processes generic for whatever is being designed? • Can a better understanding of design theory and the emotional response to designs ensure a more effective process and thus lead to stronger designs? • Can students be educated to be better design thinkers and ultimately better designers? It concludes that: • 'design' is a process; • design is a problem-solving process and problem-solving is a design process; • for the most effective outcomes a creative and structured approach is required; • this process is based on generic rules and principles which are applicable across all discipline areas; • collaborative/cross disciplinary elements reinforce the concept that there are processes involved that are not unique to individuals or discipline specific; • a greater understanding of the process is of benefit to all individuals and organisations; • any design/problem solving activity will normally result in more than one solution option. The results of the research have informed the author's teaching practice and have been disseminated through publications to benefit the wider education arena. The work presented aims to inform students and design education practitioners.

A garden furniture design is solved in this diploma work. This concept contains a design of armchair, two table sorts and deck-chair. This work is focused on a wider relation between design of garden furniture and a general exterior of a garden and a house. A general impression from these components of this configuration corresponds with modern and fresh trends. This makes provision for constructional accidence solution. Chances of current used material are deeply verified and knowledge of using new materials is availed. This work aroused from consultations with authorities from this field of knowledge. An originated design is an adequate and completely useful.

Cette thèse présente la conception, la fabrication et la commande d’un microrobot parallèle à deux Degrés de liberté (rotations θ1 et θ 2) qui est dédié pour la microchirurgie laser des cordes vocales.Ce travail a été développé dans le cadre du projet européen “Micro-Technologies and Systems for Robot-Assisted Laser Phonomicrosurgery” intitulé μRALP. D’une part, les aspects médicaux et biologiques ont permis d’extraire un cahier des charges pour le microrobot. D’autre part, l’ état de l’art a permis d’identifier et d’apporter une solution aux verrous technologiques pour satisfaire toutes les requêtes. Ce travail a proposé le développement de deux microrobots indépendants avec des structures parallèles. Bien qu’ayant le même objectif qui consiste à guider deux faisceaux lasers de manière précise vers les cordes vocales, chaque microrobot aune structure cinématique différente. Un miroir placé sur la plateforme de chacun des microrobots permet le guidage des faisceaux, en effectuant la réflexion et le changement de direction. La technique“Smart Composite Microstructures” a été utilisée pour microfabriquer les deux microrobots. En outre, les mouvements ont été réalisés grâce a à l’utilisation d’actionneurs piézoélectriques. Enfin, la précision attendue par la chirurgie des cordes vocales a été atteinte en associant la commande par asservissement visuel et la pré-compensation des non linéarités et des oscillations mal amorties
This thesis reports the design, fabrication and control of a parallel microrobot with two degrees offreedom in rotation, that is destined to perform laser microsurgery on vocal folds. This work has beendeveloped in the frame and in the context of the European project Micro-Technologies and Systemsfor Robot-Assisted Laser Phonomicrosurgery entitled μRALP.On the one hand, needs and limits of medical aspects have been abstracted to create the microrobotspecifications. On the other hand, the state-of-the-art has identified the technological stumblingblocks and has allowed to led to our proposition to satisfy the specifications. This work has envisagedthe fabrication of two independent parallel microrobotic structures. Each proposed microrobot hasa different kinematic structure, however they have the same objective that is to guide a laser beamonto the vocal folds. To this purpose, a mirror is placed on the end-effector of both microrobots inorder to reflect and guide the laser beam. Smart Composite Microstructures fabrication techniquewas used to fabricate the two microrobots. Moreover, piezoelectric cantilever actuators have beenused to generate the required rotations. Finally, the expected precision for laser microsurgery of thevocal folds was reached by coupling the feedforward compensation of nonlinearities and vibrations ofthe actuators with visual feedback control of the parallel kinematic mechanism

The purpose of this thesis is to study and investigate a practical and efficient implementation of corner orientation detection using multisteerable filters. First, practical theory involved in applying multisteerable filters for corner orientation estimation is presented. Methods to improve the efficiency with which multisteerable corner filters are applied to images are investigated and presented. Prior research in this area presented an optimization equation for determining the best match of corner orientations in images; however, little research has been done on optimization techniques to solve this equation. Optimization techniques to find the maximum response of a similarity function to determine how similar a corner feature is to a multioriented corner template are also explored and compared in this research.

Interiors are often dealing with the notion of front and back. Physically, with walls facing the occupant and concealing a “behind”, a backside, perhaps an adjacent room. But also, in organization; “in the back of the building” meaning the furthest away from the entrance or from the street, the public. There is also a variety of interiors that are backsides them self. Spaces that, in contrast to fronts or “primary” spaces not are intended to be shown perhaps because they are occupied by functions, or people that for some reason are desired to be hidden. The idea of a backside, though, whether considered good or bad, what belongs there and not, has shifted over time. I believe that this is a truly cultural issue, governed by social constructions that stabilize and become customs in the fabrication of interiors. In this project have I studied and reworked the information from a few domestic interiors. Through the methods of inverting and full-scale construction, have I investigated what a “backside of an interior” is, what it does and how the treatment of it has changed over time. In my studies, I have found that a contemporary apartment interior attempts to seamlessly exclude the “backside”, just like the parlours of a 100 years old bourgeoise palace. But in the contemporary apartment, it is because of praxis and standardization, and not because of what ideas govern the design. By building a full-scale part of an actual contemporary apartment - where I invert and reorganize the order of how it would have been costume - the praxis is brought to light and questioned.

This thesis presents a product development process, where an existing solution on a cab door have been analysed and developed, with the aim to result in a cost-effective concept solution for handling tolerances on the door frame. The methodological approach in this thesis is based on Volvo Construction Equipment’s development model; The Global Development Process, which started with a pre-study phase where the problem formulation was established. The problem formulation in short is to find a solution for how to handle narrow tolerances in steel profiles for the door weldment on cab doors. Various solution ideas were discussed and concepts were generated with focus to design a new cab door corner that would solve the problems addressed by the project. The applied method resulted in a final concept consisting of the same steel profiles but with new dimensions, and two new concepts in each corner; one corner module that is placed inside the steel profiles and joined by welding, and a plastic shell that covers the welded corner. The concept was validated using a prototype of the proposed solution, where tests show that the requirements were achieved, besides a few deficiencies. A cost comparison between the existing and the proposed solution was made within limitations for this thesis. The result of the cost comparison shows an indication of that the proposed solution can be more cost-effective than the existing solution. Some of the recommendations after have completing the project are to make a complete cost comparison to ensure that the indication is correct and to analyse the new components to optimize and define the dimensions of them.

In this thesis, the author studies recursIve subdivision algorithms for curves and surfaces. Several subdivision algorithms are constructed and investigated. Some graphic examples are also presented. Inspired by the Chaikin's algorithm and the Catmull-Clark's algorithm, some non-uniform schemes, the non-uniform corner cutting scheme and the recursive subdivision algorithm for non-uniform B-spline curves, are constructed and analysed. The adapted parametrization is introduced to analyse these non-uniform algorithms. In order to solve the surface interpolation problem, the Dyn-Gregory-Levin's 4-point interpolatory scheme is generalized to surfaces and the 10-point interpolatory subdivision scheme for surfaces is formulated. The so-called Butterfly Scheme, which was firstly introduced by Dyn, Gregory Levin in 1988, is just a special case of the scheme. By studying the Cross-Differences of Directional Divided Differences, a matrix approach for analysing uniform subdivision algorithms for surfaces is established and the convergence of the 10-point scheme over both uniform and non-uniform triangular networks is studied. Another algorithm, the subdivision algorithm for uniform bi-quartic B-spline surfaces over arbitrary topology is introduced and investigated. This algorithm is a generalization of Doo-Sabin's and Catmull-Clark's algorithms. It produces uniform Bi-quartic B-spline patches over uniform data. By studying the local subdivision matrix, which is a circulant, the tangent plane and curvature properties of the limit surfaces at the so-called Extraordinary Points are studied in detail.

Molts sistemes mecànics existents tenen un comportament vibratori funcionalment perceptible, que es posa de manifest enfront d'excitacions transitòries. Normalment, les vibracions generades segueixen presents després del transitori (vibracions residuals), i poden provocar efectes negatius en la funció de disseny del mecanisme.
El mètode que es proposa en aquesta tesi té com a objectiu principal la síntesi de lleis de moviment per reduir les vibracions residuals. Addicionalment, els senyals generats permeten complir dues condicions definides per l'usuari (anomenats requeriments funcionals). El mètode es fonamenta en la relació existent entre el contingut freqüencial d'un senyal transitori, i la vibració residual generada, segons sigui l'esmorteïment del sistema. Basat en aquesta relació, i aprofitant les propietats de la transformada de Fourier, es proposa la generació de lleis de moviment per convolució temporal de polsos. Aquestes resulten formades per trams concatenats de polinomis algebraics, cosa que facilita la seva implementació en entorns numèrics per mitjà de corbes B-spline.
Many mechanical systems have a vibratory behavior, functionally noticeable, which can be raised when transient excitations happen. Usually, such generated vibrations remain in the system after this transient (residual vibrations), and may imply negative effects in the mechanism's intended function.
The method proposed in this thesis has as main objective, the synthesis of excitation signals for mechanical systems in order to reduce residual vibrations. In addition, generated signals are able to achieve two conditions defined by the user related to function of the mechanism (called functional requirements). This method is based on the relationship between the frequency contents of the transient signal and the residual vibration generated, depending on the system damping. From this relation, and taking advantage of the Fourier transform properties, motion laws are generated through the pulses' time convolution. Resultant laws are made up of algebraic polynomial pieces linked together, which makes them very suitable for implementation with numerical calculus through B-spline curves.

En primer lloc, s'evidencia que el disseny que involucra grafisme es pot analitzar com articulat en dos nivells o etapes, un de concepció, intel·lectual, i un altre d'execució, manual o físic, ambdós sempre en interrelació dialèctica. En segon lloc, es fan aportacions (matemàtiques) a ambdós nivells. Les matemàtiques han estat sempre presents com a vehicle per aquest diàleg, però, a partir del naixement del software gràfic, aquesta col·laboració s'ha actualitzat de manera descompensada (val a dir, descompassada): mentre ha aparegut una nova teoria, el Disseny Geomètric Assistit per Ordinador (CAGD) per donar cobertura matemàtica a la vessant executiva del disseny informatitzat, no s'ha actualitzat el referent matemàtic teòric per guiar la ment en la tasca de concepció per tal de poder explotar totes les noves possibilitats que ofereix la nova eina; aquest referent segueix sent eminentment euclidià.
En síntesi, la tesi que es proposa és la de que falta un corpus de teoria matemàtica que permeti al dissenyador codificar la seva creativitat en un format que sigui capaç d'explotar tota la potencialitat de la eina informàtica gràfica, de la mateixa manera que la geometria euclidiana permetia codificar satisfactòriament el disseny que era possible amb el regle i el compàs. Es tracta de concebre explotant la relació que, gràcies als ponts que estableixen els sistemes de coordenades, existeix entre funcions i formes, que es just el que permet a un ordinador "dibuixar" a partir de zeros i uns.
D'acord amb això, la introducció s'ocupa de desenvolupar i argumentar aquest punt de vista. Un cop establertes les dues etapes del disseny i argumentada la carència teòrica en el nivell de concepció, s'aporta maquinària matemàtica per ambdues etapes. Així, el cos de la memòria té dues parts. La Part I recull aportacions pel CAGD, és a dir, per la fase d'execució, la més comú en la recerca actual, consistents principalment en nous mètodes de generació de corbes i superfícies a partir de dades de disseny proporcionades per l'usuari. La Part II ofereix una proposta, entre les possibles, de corpus teòric per cobrir el buit que es senyala en la fase de concepció, consistent en una mena de codi o gramàtica matemàtica organitzada en:
- Lletres: Les funcions en brut. La seva gràfica és germen de formes.
- Paraules: Les funcions modificades amb paràmetres ajustables i formalment significatius.
- Verbs: Operadors funcionals que actuen sobre les paraules amb una acció interpretable en termes formals. S'organitzen en sis tipus, segons la manera d'actuar.
- Oracions: Les formulacions resultants de la interacció dels elements anteriors, que representen els dissenys finals.
Val a dir que es proposa un disseny descompassat, o sigui, sense el compàs, en el sentit de superar la mentalitat ancorada en el regle i el compàs (no eliminant-la sinó incloent-la).
S'adjunten exemples en tots els casos. En la Part II els exemples s'enfoquen cap el disseny gràfic (sanefes, textures) i cap l'arquitectònic (estadi de futbol, naus i galeries i una catedral gòtica, tots completament formulats amb funcions matemàtiques paramètriques).
Pel seu contingut, es tracta d'una memòria interdisciplinar, ja que afecta com a mínim a la psicologia del disseny, al propi disseny, a la història de l'art, a la informàtica i, evidentment, a les matemàtiques. De totes maneres, les matemàtiques que hi apareixen són tractades amb una mentalitat més de dissenyador o d'enginyer que de matemàtic pur. En altres paraules, no és una tesi de teoremes sinó de "fabricació" de mètodes (matemàtics) per ajudar a desenvolupar una manera més creativa de dur a terme el disseny que involucra grafisme.
En primer lugar, se evidencia que el diseño que involucra grafismo se puede analizar como articulado en dos niveles o etapas, uno de concepción, intelectual, y otro de ejecución, manual o físico, ambos siempre en interrelación dialéctica. En segundo lugar, se hacen aportaciones (matemáticas) a ambos niveles. Las matemáticas han estado siempre presentes como vehículo para este diálogo, pero, a partir del nacimiento del software gráfico, esta colaboración se ha actualizado de manera descompensada (cabe decir desacompasada): mientras ha aparecido una nueva teoría, el Diseño Geométrico Asistido por Ordenador (CAGD) para dar cobertura matemática a la vertiente ejecutiva del diseño informatizado, no se ha actualizado el referente matemático teórico para guiar la mente en la tarea de concepción a fin de poder explotar todas las nuevas posibilidades que ofrece la nueva herramienta; este referente sigue siendo eminentemente euclidiano.
En síntesis, la tesis que se propone es la de que falta un corpus de teoría matemática que permita al diseñador codificar su creatividad en un formato que sea capaz de explotar toda la potencialidad de la herramienta informática gráfica, de la misma manera que la geometría euclidiana permitía codificar satisfactoriamente el diseño que era posible con regla y compás. Se trata de concebir explotando la relación que, gracias a los puentes que establecen los sistemas de coordenadas, existe entre funciones y formas, que es precisamente lo que permite a un ordenador "dibujar" a partir de ceros y unos.
De acuerdo con esto, la introducción se ocupa de desarrollar y argumentar este punto de vista. Una vez establecidas las dos etapas del diseño y argumentada la carencia teórica en el nivel de concepción, se aporta maquinaria matemática para ambas etapas. Así, el cuerpo de la memoria tiene dos partes. La Parte I recoge aportaciones para el CAGD, es decir, para la fase de ejecución, la más común en la investigación actual, consistentes principalmente en nuevos métodos de generación de curvas y superficies a partir de datos de diseño proporcionados por el usuario. La Parte II ofrece una propuesta, entre las posibles, de corpus teórico para cubrir el vacío que se señala en la fase de concepción, consistente en una especie de código o gramática matemática organizada en:
- Letras: Las funciones en bruto. Su gráfica es germen de formas
- Palabras: Las funciones modificadas con parámetros ajustables y formalmente significativos.
- Verbos: Operadores funcionales que actúan sobre les palabras con una acción interpretable en términos formales. Se organizan en seis tipos, según la manera de actuar.
- Oraciones: Las formulaciones resultantes de la interacción de los elementos anteriores, que representan los diseños finales
Cabe decir que se propone un diseño desacompasado, o sea, sin el compás, en el sentido de superar la mentalidad anclada en la regla y el compás (no eliminándola sino incluyéndola).
Se adjuntan ejemplos en todos los casos. En la Parte II los ejemplos se enfocan hacia el diseño gráfico (cenefas, texturas) y hacia el arquitectónico (estadio de fútbol, naves y galerías y una catedral gótica, todos completamente formulados con funciones matemáticas paramétricas).
Por su contenido, se trata de una memoria interdisciplinar, ya que afecta como mínimo a la psicología del diseño, al propio diseño, a la historia del arte, a la informática y, evidentemente, a las matemáticas. De todos modos, las matemáticas que aparecen son tratadas con una mentalidad más de diseñador o de ingeniero que de matemático puro. En otras palabras, no es una tesis de teoremas sino de "fabricación" de métodos (matemáticos) para ayudar a desarrollar una manera más creativa de llevar a cabo el diseño que involucra grafismo.
As a preliminar step, it is shown that the design involving graphics is twofold. It has a level of conception that is intellectual and a level of execution that is manual or physical. Both levels are always in dialectical interrelation. This work contains some (mathematical) contributions made to both levels. Mathematics have always been a vehicle for this dialogue, but, from the birth of the graphical software, this collaboration has been updated in an unbalanced way: while a new theory has appeared, the Computer Aided Geometrical Design, to give mathematical support to the executive side of the design with computers, the theoretical mathematical referent that has to guide the mind in the conception task has not been updated in order to exploit all the possibilities that the new tool offers. Therefore, this referent still remains mainly Euclidean.
To sum up, this thesis states that the Euclidean geometry allows a satisfactory codification of the design made with ruler and compasses and uncovers the existing lack of a mathematical theory in order to allow the designer to codify its creativity in a format suitable for exploiting the actual potentiality of the graphical cybernetic tool. The main point is to conceive the designs by exploiting the existing relation between functions and shapes. This relation, based on co-ordinate systems, is precisely the relation that allows a computer to "draw" by means of zeros and ones.
According with this idea, the introduction is devoted to develop and to support this point of view. Once the two stages of the design have been established and the lack of theory at the level of conception has been justified, some mathematical machinery for the two stages is given. Thus, the body of the memory has two parts. Part One collects the contributions to the CAGD, that is, to the execution stage (the most common in the present research), mainly consisting in new methods for the generation of curves and surfaces starting from data given by the user. Part Two offers a proposal of a theoretical corpus in order to cover the gap detected in the conception stage, consisting of a mathematical code or grammar organised in:
- Letters: The raw functions. Its graph is a germ of shapes.
- Words: The functions modified with adjustable and formally significant parameters.
- Verbs: Functional operators that act on the words and they represent an action that can be interpreted in formal terms. They are organised in six types, according to the kind of action.
- Sentences: The formulations obtained from the interaction of the previous elements representing the final design.
A design without compasses is proposed in the sense that it is necessary to go beyond the mentality that is anchored in the ruler and the compasses not by eliminating it, but by including it.
Some examples for all these cases are included. In Part Two, the examples are focussed towards the graphical design (edgings, textures) and towards the architectural design (football stadium, naves, galleries and a gothic-like cathedral). All the examples are completely formulated with mathematical parametrical functions.
Due to its contents, it is an interdisciplinary memory since it has connections with, at least, the psychology of the design, the design itself, the history of the art, the computer science and, evidently, the mathematics. However, the mathematics are managed here more with the mentality of a designer or an engineer than with the mentality of a pure mathematician . In other words, it is not a thesis of theorems but a thesis about the "construction" of (mathematical) methods for helping the development of a more creative computer graphical design.

Pause is a necessity within the rhythm of life. There are pauses everywhere around us; we pause when we breathe, we pause when we speak, and we pause when we think. Pause is a crucial part in the most beautiful pieces of music, it is in between our bites of food and sips of coffee. Pause is what makes life beautiful; without it the world around us will consist of a meaningless cacophony. Architecture, much like other things in life must also contain pauses to be enjoyable. The most memorable and appreciative architecture consist of spaces where once has an ability to pause and have an experience be it much needed rest, peace or a moment to think. There are many memorable places that create such moments and that I have experienced across places in Europe and United States. This experiences I studied and would like to bring to much needed places closer to home. I strongly believe that it is very important to have places of pause in our urban fabric. Thus, I searched and found a site which I believe would be most beneficial from a community center filled with opportunities to pause. The site location is being developed with a cacophony of commercial and residential construction with little consideration to what is needed in between in order to create a beautiful composition of a city; a pause in the urban fabric. What is a 'pause' in architecture? A 'pause' is a pleasant interruption along a path; followed by an architectural invitation to stop, explore, stand, lean, sit or lay down. A successful place of 'pause' stimulates the senses and possibly alters the mood of the visitors.
Master of Architecture

It is estimated that nearly two in three people will live in urban areas by 2045. The city is increasingly seen as a place of opportunity. It has become a receptacle for new social, cultural and economic strata. The urban environment is converted and mutated by everyday public performances. This condition becomes evident when the street is inhabited as a space that connects the workplace, the home and institutions. The built wall often attracts and establishes these new activities.It is here that conventional architectural typologies are challenged. This dissertation explores the notion of the wall in an attempt to reconfigure the sidewalk. A conceptual network of interfaces that contain infrastructure, public services and urban armatures is proposed. Within this context, it is argued that architecture should support these everyday performances as well as define a new spatial identity, within the urban environment.
Dissertation MArch(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Architecture
MArch(Prof)
Unrestricted

Cette étude a pour but de comprendre Séoul, capitale de la Corée du sud, du point de vue de la forme urbaine. Séoul, qui se situe en Asie de l’Est, est connue comme une ville historique majeure à laquelle furent appliqués des traditions de production et de gestion des villes ainsi que des modèles de ville propres à cette aire de civilisation, hérités de l’époque ancienne. Elle a subi des extensions accélérées et connu des transformations radicales à l’époque moderne, notamment depuis les années 1960.La forme urbaine actuelle de Séoul nous montre plusieurs aspects complexifiés et subtiles à lire: ceux bien lisibles d’une part et ceux peu lisibles d’autre part. Pour comprendre la forme urbaine de Séoul, qui comprend tous ces aspects, nous avons naturellement choisi d’étudier d’abord le centre ancien historique de la ville. Nous avons examiné sa forme urbaine ancienne et la transformation de cette dernière à travers des analyses formelles autour des points suivants: les rapports entre la forme urbaine et le modèle de capitale des Zhouli, le fengshui, et les traditions de production et de gestion des villes en Corée; puis les rapports entre la forme urbaine et la topographie particulière « du fengshui » de Séoul et le système du Bang-Dong. Nous avons par ailleurs prêté attention au dispositif structural particulier des B.A.C.C. et du réseau viaire arrière apparu dans le centre ancien et examiné également la forme urbaine au niveau du tissu urbain. Ensuite, pour comprendre la forme urbaine « moderne » de Séoul, nous avons sélectionné le quartier de Gangnam et l’avons analysé plus ou moins selon les même points que ceux cités précédemment. Enfin, nous avons mis en avant des rapports entre la forme urbaine historique du centre ancien et celle moderne du quartier de Gangnam. Dans cette recherche nous nous sommes penché sur l’identification en premier lieu de l’entité de la forme urbaine de Séoul, puis des caractéristiques de cette dernière, en utilisant des méthodes d’analyse « pratique » de la forme urbaine développées en Europe.A travers cette étude, nous avons pu déduire le fait que dans le passé la ville de Séoul a possédé des caractéristiques formelles urbaines particulières telles que la hiérarchie, l’introversion, la dualité, etc, qui peuvent être considérées comme des « spécificités formelles séouliennes », et qu’une grande partie de ces qualités se succédaient dans le centre ancien actuel transformé et le quartier moderne de Gangnam
This study aims to understand Seoul, capital of south Korea, from the point of view of urban form. Seoul, which is located in East Asia, is known as a major historic city in which traditions of city making and city models, which are unique in this area of civilization and inherited from ancient times, were applied. It has underwent accelerated extension and experienced radical transformations in modern era especially since the 1960s.Actual urban form of Seoul shows us complicated and subtle aspect to read : well readable one on one hand and hardly readable one on the other hand. To understand this type of urban form of Seoul we have naturally taken historic ancient center of this city as object of study. We have examined its ancient urban form and its formal transformation by means of formal analysis around following points: relations between the urban form and Zhouli’s capital model, fengshui, and traditions of city making in Korea; and relations between the urban form and particular topography ‘of fengshui’ of Seoul, and Bang-Dong system. We have paid special attention to particular structural system of B.A.C.C. and of rear road network, appeared in ancient center, and also examined the urban form on the level of urban tissue. Next, to understand ‘modern’ urban form of Seoul we have selected Gangnam district and analysed it more or less according to the same points as those above mentioned. Finally, we have explored relation between urban form of historic ancient center and that of modern Gangnam district. In this research we have considered the question of identification, firstly, of entity of urban form of Seoul, and then of characteristics of the last through using ‘practical’ analyse method of urban form which was developed in Europe.Through this study we could deduce the fact that, in the past, city of Seoul possessed particular urban formal characteristics such as hierarchy, introversion, duality, etc, which could be considered as ‘Seoul’s formal specificity’, and that a large part of this quality is succeeded in transformed present ancient center and modern Gangnam district

Increasing the power density of the DC-DC converters requires the size and weight of the magnetic components, such as inductors and transformers, to be reduced. In this thesis, the losses in nanocrystalline inductor cores are characterised and analysed, including the traditional core loss and the gap loss caused by the air gap fringing flux. The loss calculations will form a basis for the design and optimisation of high power inductors for DC-DC converters for EV applications. This thesis first characterises experimentally the core losses in four nanocrystalline cores over a range of operating conditions that are representative of those encontered in typical high power converter applications, including non-sinusoidal waveforms and DC bias conditions. The core losses are assessed by the measured B-H loops and are characterised as a function of DC flux density, showing that for a fixed AC induction level, the losses can vary by almost an order of magnitude as the DC bias increases and the duty ratio moves away from 0.5. The results provide a more complete picture of the core loss variations with both DC and AC magnetisations than is available in manufactures’ data sheets. An electromagnetic finite element (FE) model is used to examine the gap loss that occurs in finely laminated nanocrystalline cores under high frequency operation. The loss is significant in the design example, contributing to almost half of the total inductor loss, and the gap loss is highly concentrated in the region of the air gap. The dependence of the gap loss on key inductor design parameters and operating condtions is also explored. An empirical equation is derived to provide a design-oriented basis for estimating gap losses. Thermal finite element analysis is used to estimate the temperature rise and identify the hot spot in a nanocrystalline inductor encapsulated in an alumimium case. The temperature distribution in the core largely corresponds to the non-uniform distribution of the gap loss. The thermal FEA can also be used to evaluate different thermal management methods to optimise the design for a more compact component. The FE modelling of gap loss and the thermal predictions are validated experimentally on a foil-wound Finemet inductor, showing good agreement between the predictions and measurements under various operating conditions.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--School of Pharmacy and Dept. of Chemistry. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2005.
"A dissertation in pharmaceutical sciences and chemistry." Advisor: Ashim K. Mitra. Typescript. Vita. Description based on contents viewed Nov. 21, 2007; title from "catalog record" of the print edition. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 238-258). Online version of the print edition.

This thesis addresses two fundamental topics in Engineering Seismology; the application of Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) methodology, and the estimation of measures of Strong Ground Motion. These two topics, while being related, are presented as separate sections. In the first section, state-of-the-art PSHA methodologies are applied to various sites in the Buller Region, South Island, New Zealand. These sites are deemed critical to the maintenance of economic stability in the region. A fault-source based seismicity model is developed for the region that is consistent with the governing tectonic loading, and seismic moment release of the region. In attempting to ensure this consistency the apparent anomaly between the rates of activity dictated by deformation throughout the Quaternary, and rates of activity dictated by observed seismicity is addressed. Individual fault source activity is determined following the application of a Bayesian Inference procedure in which observed earthquake events are attributed to causative faults in the study region. The activity of fault sources, in general, is assumed to be governed by bounded power law behaviour. An exception is made for the Alpine Fault which is modelled as a purely characteristic source. The calculation of rates of exceedance of various ground motion indices is made using a combination of Poissonian and time-dependent earthquake occurrence models. The various ground motion indices for which rates of exceedance are determined include peak ground acceleration, ordinates of 5% damped Spectral Acceleration, and Arias Intensity. The total hazard determined for each of these ground motion measures is decomposed using a four dimensional disaggregation procedure. From this disaggregation procedure, design earthquake scenarios are specified for the sites that are considered. The second part of the thesis is concerned with the estimation of ground motion measures that are more informative than the existing scalar measures that are available for use in New Zealand. Models are developed for the prediction of Fourier Amplitude Spectra (FAS) as well as Arias Intensity for use in the New Zealand environment. The FAS model can be used to generate ground motion time histories for use in structural and geotechnical analyses. Arias Intensity has been shown to be an important strong motion measure due to its positive correlation with damage in short period structures as well as its utility in predicting the onset of liquefaction and landslides. The models are based upon the analysis of a dataset of New Zealand Strong Motion records as well as supplementary near field records from major overseas events. While the two measures of ground motion intensity are strongly related, different methods have been adopted in order to develop the models. As part of the methodology used for the FAS model, Monte Carlo simulation coupled with a simple ray tracing procedure is employed to estimate source spectra from various New Zealand earthquakes and, consequently, a magnitude - corner-frequency relationship is obtained. In general, the parameters of the predictive equations are determined using the most state-of-the-art mixed effects regression procedures.

The diploma thesis is about the design of an automatic application system of edge protection corners to palletized material. As the first the diploma thesis briefly discusses actual principles and solutions in area of palletization. After that, there are 4 potential solutions described and measured by multicriteria evaluation method where the most suitable solution is being chosen. Then the actual act of designing of the chosen solution is described and also there are solved necessary calculations. In the end there is risk analysis of new workplace and the drawing documentation of selected nodes is attached. The diploma thesis’ assignment has been made in cooperation with company PHATEC s.r.o. in Litomyšl.

A short film about how to design informality in the city. By comparing the chaotic Lagos with the orderly Stockholm the film rethinks the role of the designer and shows that planning as a sphere of building consistently destroys lived space. It illuminates the tension between the orderly and the chaotic, the ideal and reality.

Les standards consacrés à la conception des oléoducs se concentrent principalement sur les chargements opérationnels, tels que les pressions internes et externes, et les procédures d'analyse de défauts actuelles n'exploitent pas les capacités d'écrouissage du matériau. Pourtant, dans des conditions extrêmes, les oléoducs peuvent être soumis à des contraintes au-delà de la limite d'élasticité jusqu'à atteindre 2.5% de déformations plastiques. Ici, les procédures proposées par ExxonMobil et PRCI basées sur des critères en déformation sont présentées, et l'utilisation de l'éprouvette SENT (Single Edge Notched Tension) pour caractériser la ténacité est étudiée, en comparant les différentes procédures d'essais recommandées. Puis, une importante campagne expérimentale a été réalisée pour caractériser deux aciers pour oléoducs à température ambiante et à basses températures. Les comportements mécaniques des matériaux de base et d'apport ont été identifiés grâce à l'utilisation de l'analyse inverse, et il est montré que le modèle d'endommagement GTN permet de modéliser finement les essais sur éprouvettes de laboratoire. Enfin, deux essais sur structures (pression et flexion, puis pression et traction) ont été réalisés de manière à comparer les approches globales et le modèle d'endommagement GTN. Ce dernier démontre une bonne transférabilité de l'éprouvette vers la structure
Pipeline design codes and standards traditionally focus on the operational loadings such as internal and external pressures that are likely to exist over the entire lifetime of the pipeline. Existing Engineering Critical Assessments are mostly based on stress considerations, where the design margin is given as a percentage of the yield strength. In extrem environments, pipelines may experience stresses beyond the yield and plastic deformations up to 2.5 %. In such conditions, strain-based design procedures apply. In this work, a literature review of the existing strain based methods is proposed, including ExxonMobil and PRCI multi-tier approaches. The use of the Single Edge Notched Tension (SENT) specimen to measure the material toughness is then studied, benchmarking the recommended testing procedures from literature. A comprehensive experimental campaign was carried out to fully characterize two actual line pipes at room and low temperatures. The mechanical behavior of parent and weld materials are identified using an inverse analysis, and GTN damage model is shown to allow accurate modeling of the laboratory testings. Finally, two full scale tests (pressure + bending or pressure + tension) were carried out to benchmark the global approaches and GTN damage model. The latter showed a very good transferability from specimens to the structure

碩士
國立臺灣大學
機械工程學研究所
104
The cornea is the outermost part of the eye and a highly transparent organization without vessels. However, due to injury, infection or disease, the cornea can cause bleaching or transmittance decline. In the worldwide, more than millions people are blind due to corneal problems. The global need for artificial cornea is driven by both the population that cannot tolerate donor corneas and the severe shortage of donor corneas. Additive manufacturing provides the opportunity to produce substitutes of the native tissues, and, in turn, to produce customized tissue constructs. This study aims to analyze and design various additive manufacturing processes for artificial cornea. COMSOL simulation presents the deformation of the corneal structure during fabrication. Moreover, 3D printing enables accurate temperature and pressure control in construction on corneal structure during dispensing and photo-curing of diacrylate-terminated Poloxamer 407 (P407DA) hydrogel. With the precise control at ambient temperature (15°C) and additional air pressure support (45 Pa), fabricated corneas can be formed with a smooth surface and light transmission all over 82% in the range of visible light by additive manufacturing process.

Cataract is one of the leading causes of vision loss worldwide. The rate of cataract surgery has been steadily increasing. Toxic Anterior Segment Syndrome (TASS) is a sterile inflammatory response in the anterior segment of the eye that may occur following cataract surgery. When left untreated, it can lead to permanent vision loss. Corneal endothelial cells are the cells most affected by TASS. These cells are unable to reproduce in vivo and consequently once the density of these cells drops below a certain level, vision is reduced and cannot be reversed. The damage is thought to be mediated by cytokines and endotoxins, primarily through the NF-κΒ pathway. It is hypothesized that anti-inflammatory drug delivery intraocular lenses may help reduce the occurrence of TASS and consequent vision loss. In this research thesis project, an in vitro model was developed as a tool to select drug and delivery material to be used in an anti-TASS ophthalmic biomaterial. In an attempt to find a novel and more effective approach to TASS prevention, dexamethasone, a potent anti-inflammatory steroid drug, was compared to triptolide, a cytokine inhibitor; aprotinin, a general protease inhibitor; and PPM-18, a NF-κΒ inhibitor. To assess the efficacy of these drugs, an in vitro assay using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and lipopolysaccharide as a stimulant was developed. Cell response to dexamethasone (10 nM), triptolide (3 nM), aprotinin (20 μM) and PPM-18 (10 μM) with or without LPS was characterized by cell viability and flow cytometry analysis of cell activation. Activation was characterized using markers for cell adhesion and activation ICAM-1, PECAM-1, VCAM-1, β1-integrin, CD44 and E-selectin. Following preliminarily testing, the efficacy of dexamethasone (10 nM) and PPM-18 (10 μM) loaded polymer (PDMS) and copolymer (PDMS/pNIPAAm) interpenetrating polymer networks were evaluated over a 4 day release period. The results from soluble drug and LPS (100 ng/mL) testing indicated no decrease in cell viability after 24 h. Dexamethasone, triptolide, aprotinin, and PPM-18 did not reduce the significant ICAM-1 upregulation seen in HUVECs after exposure to LPS for 4 days. PPM-18 in combination with LPS significantly upregulated E-selectin iv and CD44 from unstimulated HUVEC cells. The polymer materials without drug loading did not influence the cell phenotype. However, PPM-18 delivering polymer and copolymer materials significantly upregulated VCAM-1, CD44 when compared to all other treatments. Propidium iodide uptake in HUVEC exposed to PPM-18 drug delivering polymer and copolymer treatments indicated that these treatments caused cell necrosis. None of the drugs, or the drug delivering materials were shown to counteract the upregulation seen from LPS stimulation of HUVEC cells. Future work should focus on validating the in vitro model to more closely replicate the in vivo environment of the anterior segment with the use of primary bovine corneal endothelial cells.

As IC technologies scale to the nanometer regime, efficient and accurate modeling and analysis of VLSI systems with billions of transistors and interconnects becomes increasingly critical and difficult. VLSI systems impacted by the increasingly high dimensional process-voltage-temperature (PVT) variations demand much more modeling and analysis efforts than ever before, while the analysis of large scale on-chip interconnects that requires solving tens of millions of unknowns imposes great challenges in computer aided design areas. This dissertation presents new methodologies for addressing the above two important challenging issues for large scale on-chip interconnect modeling and analysis: In the past, the standard statistical circuit modeling techniques usually employ principal component analysis (PCA) and its variants to reduce the parameter dimensionality. Although widely adopted, these techniques can be very limited since parameter dimension reduction is achieved by merely considering the statistical distributions of the controlling parameters but neglecting the important correspondence between these parameters and the circuit performances (responses) under modeling. This dissertation presents a variety of performance-oriented parameter dimension reduction methods that can lead to more than one order of magnitude parameter reduction for a variety of VLSI circuit modeling and analysis problems. The sheer size of present day power/ground distribution networks makes their analysis and verification tasks extremely runtime and memory inefficient, and at the same time, limits the extent to which these networks can be optimized. Given today?s commodity graphics processing units (GPUs) that can deliver more than 500 GFlops (Flops: floating point operations per second). computing power and 100GB/s memory bandwidth, which are more than 10X greater than offered by modern day general-purpose quad-core microprocessors, it is very desirable to convert the impressive GPU computing power to usable design automation tools for VLSI verification. In this dissertation, for the first time, we show how to exploit recent massively parallel single-instruction multiple-thread (SIMT) based graphics processing unit (GPU) platforms to tackle power grid analysis with very promising performance. Our GPU based network analyzer is capable of solving tens of millions of power grid nodes in just a few seconds. Additionally, with the above GPU based simulation framework, more challenging three-dimensional full-chip thermal analysis can be solved in a much more efficient way than ever before.