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1
Rice, Simon. "Depression in men: Development of the male depression risk scale". Phd thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2011. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/3b4fabdfb75198d362f65bfa5154e194eb128d5c0056c8c0948f338bea6ce659/5532127/Rice_Simon_2011.pdf.
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Within the last decade a number of male specific depression rating scales have been developed. Unfortunately each of these scales encompasses significant psychometric issues, thus comprising their validity. The present dissertation reports five quantitative studies based on data from community samples with the aim of developing a psychometrically valid male specific depression rating scale. As defined by DSM-IV, Major Depressive Disorder comprises a range of internalising symptoms (e.g., sadness, worthlessness, guilt, fatigue). These internalising symptoms contravene traditional masculine role norms such as emotional stoicism, self-reliance and aggression. Given this, the masculine depression framework theorises that when depressed, some men may experience atypical depression symptoms that are more congruent with masculine role norms (e.g., substance abuse, anger, emotional suppression, risk-taking). However, as these masculine type symptoms fall outside present diagnostic criteria, it is possible that males experiencing such symptoms may not be identified as depressed in primary care settings...
2
Donohue, John. "Conceptualising the experience of depression in men". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.487645.
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Previous epidemiological research asserts that men are twice to four times more likely to commit suicide than women yet present with associated psychological distress far less often than women; Researchers have suggested that negative attitudes to help seeking and socialised negative gender roles that give rise to conflict are instrumental in this phenomenon. Additional studies speculate that depression for men may·present I differently to women and may constitute a different condition - depression male type. The first chapter of this thesis provides a review of the findings of current research into the contribution of gender role conflict and psychological distress experienced by men. The review identifies two main areas of concentration: the contribution of gender role I conflict in dominant culture male populations and secondly in ethnic minority male populations. Analysis of these studies identifies inconsistencies and limitations with how the construct is measured. Additional research is identified which may further the understanding of male gender role conflict. Chapter II reports on an investigation which used Grounded Theory to explore depression as experienced by men. The study found that negative socialised norms, namely necessity to appear competent and inhibited emotional expression contributed to these men's experience of depression. It emerged that these influences permeated all factors associated with depression onset. The third chapter gives an account of the main researcher's reflections on conducting the interviews and on the outcomes of the research. Specific attention is given to how position and power influence this process and how the understanding of depression is generated.
3
Warren, Sonja C. "A construction of family roles by working men who experience depression". Pretoria : [s.n.], 2002. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07252005-095433.
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4
Barnes, Clara Lee. "What Postpartum Depression Looks Like For Men: A Phenomenological Study". ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6774.
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Abstract
Postpartum depression (PPD) has been identified as a mental health condition that impacts women, men, and families. PPD has been shown to be prevalent in both women and men following the birth of a child; it has been associated with marital conflict, insecure attachment, and poor infant-child outcomes. While PPD has been studied extensively in women, paternal PPD often goes understudied, undetected, and untreated. The purpose of the present research was to explore the lived experiences of men who have experienced PPD through the lens of self-perception theory using a qualitative phenomenological study. Six men who have experienced PPD shared their lived experiences with PPD, including how they recognized they had a problem and what alerted them to get help. Data were analyzed using coding and the development of themes; the findings for this study showed that men's lived experiences with PPD included feelings of sadness, anger, fear, confusion, and being in denial. The men tended to not seek help for their experiences of PPD, and they were not previously informed about the disorder of paternal PPD. The present study provides a better understanding of PPD for fathers, information for healthcare providers who deal with expectant fathers, and significant others such as mothers of the child, and other family members and coworkers regarding how to respond to paternal PPD. Better understanding of PPD will provide fathers with more of the support they need to successfully make the journey through PPD.
5
Mutiso, Lori A. "Factors Influencing Depression in Men: A Qualitative Investigation". UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/nursing_etds/15.
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The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study is to describe men’s experiences of depression in order to provide direction for future research of the screening, diagnosing, and treatment of men's depression. Previous research indicates that men experience different depressive symptoms than women, and there is a possibility that men's depression is not being adequately captured by current screening standards, which would theoretically lead to a large number of men with unrecognized, undiagnosed, and untreated depression. If this is the case, this may explain the disproportionately low number of men diagnosed with depression compared to women, in contrast to the disproportionately high number of men who complete suicides. There is a need in the literature for descriptions of depression experienced by men in order to determine the adequacy of current psychometric screening tools and approaches to treatment which are currently in practice. This qualitative study seeks to begin to fill in this gap in the literature. Key findings indicate that intentionally and unintentionally hide their feelings of depression, and that men experience anger as an early sign of depression. In addition, men often do not recognize their distress as depression until someone else suggests they seek professional help; and men use various methods of distraction to cope with their distress, including excessive working, sleeping, eating, TV watching, and alcohol consumption. Recommendations for further research are discussed.
6
Anyaka, Sonya. "Depression and HIV Risk Among African American Men who have Sex with Men". ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1185.
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African American men who have sex with men (AAMSM) are at a greater risk of contracting HIV than any other ethnic group, subpopulation, or race. Personal, environmental, and social variables can affect risk behavior. Driven by Beck's cognitive theory of depression, this quantitative study examined the relationship between depression and HIV risk behaviors in a sample of AAMSM (n = 108). Data was gathered via the Beck Depression Inventory and the HIV Risk Behavior Questionnaire. Simple and multiple linear regression analysis were conducted to analyze the data to determine the correlation between HIV risk behavior and depression. According to study findings, there was no significant relationship found between depression and HIV risk behavior in this sample of AAMSM after accounting for the variance associated with the covariates: age, alcohol and substance use, condom attitudes, HIV knowledge, and income. While the study findings do not indicate depressive symptoms were associated with HIV sexual risk behavior, age, alcohol or drug use, and condom attitudes were significantly and positively related to HIV sexual risk behavior. Future research is recommended to identify factors specific to AAMSM for use in devising African American MSM-centric interventions. The results could inform the development of interventions targeting older AAMSM to alter behaviors associated with alcohol and drug use to impact sexual risk behaviors and reduce HIV transmission in AAMSM, thus resulting in positive social change in their lives and the lives of their families and communities.
7
Seidler, Zac Eugene. "The Man Island Project: Engaging men in mental health treatment for depression". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21342.
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Understanding the role of masculinity in men’s mental health help-seeking has been a topic of concern for decades, given evidence that many men are reluctant to seek professional treatment. While prevalence rates indicate men are half as likely as women to be diagnosed with depression, men’s low help-seeking rates and poor engagement in mental health treatment may explain this difference. The need to understand help-seeking barriers among men and to overcome them with novel clinical, professional training and policy solutions are clear when considering the economic and social burden of men’s psychiatric illness, suicide, substance misuse and physical violence. Focusing on why men seek help for depression, what does and does not engage them, and alerting clinicians to these critical components of treatment will serve to improve the quality of care—and by extension, the health outcomes of men and their families. The following studies aimed to firstly explore men’s experience in mental health treatment for depression, then to feed this back into actionable strategies for the improvement of practice and training in clinicians working with men. This thesis includes five key studies employing a range of quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Key findings narrow from an initial comprehensive review of the men’s mental health literature and the limitations of its existing deficit-based focus, to insights garnered from men in therapy about what they find engaging that centre on being oriented and educated to the system and receiving goal-focused, structured treatment. The thesis concludes with an expert consensus study of evidence-informed guidelines for working with men and how these can be broadly introduced into a continuing education training program to upskill clinicians on the role of gender competency in their practice.
8
Ramirez, Jeffery L. "Navigating Inward and Outward Through Depression". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194413.
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The phenomena of men and depression is poorly understood. Men continue to be under diagnosed with depression but commit suicide four times the rate of women. This grounded theory study explored the psychosocial processes that occurred in men who suffered from depression. There were a total of nine men who participated in this study who ranged in age, educational level, and marital status. Eleven interviews were conducted with nine men.The theory that emerged from this study was Navigating Inward and Outward Through Depression. The process of navigating was the core concept and defined as a process of moving through depression and having to steer one's life in different directions in order to move in and out of the stages of depression. The first stage was: Being Different. In this stage the men attempted to share their feelings, but were constantly rejected by society came to believe that nobody cared or nobody would understand their feelings. The second stage, Concealing Feelings, refers to how the men learned to navigate out of stage one and into stage two of learning to hide their internal feelings and thoughts. The third stage, Disconnecting, was defined as the way the men would numb their emotional pain. As their emotional pain became more intense, the concealing no longer worked. The men used external behaviors to physically numb their pain. The fourth stage, Hitting Bottom, refers to the men losing hope for their future and wanting to give up on life. The men had thoughts of suicide or thoughts that death would be an option to relieve the emotional pain. The fifth stage, Acknowledging and Confronting, refers to the ability to acknowledge they were depressed and understand how depression was affecting their lives.
9
Gordon, Alistair Graeme. "A group psychotherapy program for young men with depression". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/57365.
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It is estimated that 60% of people who die by suicide experience depression. For young people aged 15 to 34, suicide was the second leading cause of death in 2012. Men have had higher rates of suicide in Canada at every point in time – up to 3 times higher depending on the year - for the past 60 years. This qualitative study explores the experiences of ten male adults between the ages of 18 to 32 with mild-to-moderate symptoms of depression that participated in a single-gender group psychotherapy program called, The Men’s Transition Program (MTP). This study investigated the interventions and processes that were reported as helpful, in what capacity they were, and the perceived impact of these during and after the program. Ten semi-structured in-depth interviews, with questions inspired by the Enhanced Critical Incident Technique, were conducted. Thematic analysis was utilized to examine the reported changes as a result of the processes and interventions implemented in the program. Themes that emerged included: social connection and support, interpersonal learning, positive mood, self-confidence, self-esteem, normalization, improved social functioning, reduction in guilt, higher energy levels, and increased motivation. Implications of these findings will be discussed.Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate
10
Coleman, Tiffany. "Help-Seeking Experiences of African American Men With Depression". ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6315.
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Research indicated that depression is now the leading cause of disability globally. Depression and help-seeking experiences among African American men have not been adequately studied. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the help-seeking experiences of African American men with depression. The theoretical framework was Andersen's Behavioral Model of Health Services. Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants. Inclusion criteria were (a) African American men, (b) aged 18 through 65, (c) having a medical diagnosis of depression or symptoms of depression, (d) not currently in treatment, and English speaking. Six African American men with depression or depressive symptoms were interviewed. Coding analysis of data generated two major themes: African American men's perceptions of factors that inhibit help-seeking and African American men's perceptions of factors that promote help-seeking. The 6 sub-themes identified were (a) African American men with depression tend to feel misunderstood and stigmatized; (b) some African American men admit to a degree of self-stigma; (c) some African American men deny their depression or any need for help; (d) African American men who had therapy found it helpful until the therapist was changed, causing feelings of mistrust and inadequate mental health care; (e) African American men fear guilt, fear being a burden to others, and feel they should be able to handle their problems; and (f) it is difficult being depressed and Black in America, which leads to stress, frustration, and perceived racism. Findings may be used by mental health professionals seeking to improve cultural competency, mental health and support services, and treatment regiments for African American men with depression.
11
Brownhill, Suzanne Helena Psychiatry Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Intensified constraint: the battle between individual and social forces influencing hidden depression in men". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Psychiatry, 2003. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/19071.
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Objective To investigate men's experience of depression. Method A non-clinical sample of male teachers and students was recruited from a tertiary education institution to participate in a series of focus groups. Women were recruited from the same context to examine issues common to men. The men's data were analysed using a grounded theory approach to illuminate men's experience of depression. Theoretical sampling of biographical accounts of a small group who had experienced clinical depression (the 'clinical' group) was conducted to explicate the core category. Content analysis was then used to examine the women's data for similarities and contrasts and issues common to men. Standard measures of mood and dispositional optimism (together with sociodemographic and behavioural data) were collected to confirm the non-clinical status of the sample. Results The key results were as follows: (i) The non-clinical sample of men and women in this study reported all the symptoms of depression classified by the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Version IV). (ii) In addition, men reported experiencing social withdrawal, and an escalation and intensification of negative emotion that may be triggered by negative thoughts or external events leading to anger and violence towards the self and others. (iii) The trajectory of emotional distress, conceptualised as the 'big build', links men's experience and expression of depression. (iv) 'Intensified constraint', illuminating the process of the 'big build', helps to explain the 'battle' between individual and social forces that influences hidden depression in men. (v) 'Intensified constraint' may be considered a state (emotional condition) characterising men or a symptom (subjective experience) of depression common to men. (vi) Non-resolution of problems, exacerbated by social conditioning of men to suppress emotion, leads to delayed help-seeking. (vii) The women's data were in concordance with the men's data that suggest that men and women experience depression similarly (with reference to DSM-IV criteria). (viii) The 'big build', as a trajectory of emotional distress and maladaptive strategies to ameliorate depressive symptoms, has salience for women. (ix) Gender differences in depression may be explained by the expression of depressive symptoms, and the time frame in which the symptoms are managed. Discussion This study arose out of the commonly held view that women report depressive symptoms at higher rates than men yet men demonstrate higher rates of drug and alcohol abuse and self-harm, referred to as 'depressive equivalents'. This generally accepted disparity of prevalence rates of depression in community samples makes certain assumptions about the mental health of men and women. Women are assumed to have a certain 'pathology' or vulnerability to depression while men are assumed to be either comparatively healthy or 'silent' to their experience. The perception of depression as a 'feminine' problem by men, exacerbated by social conditioning of men (by men and women) to suppress emotional distress and to hide signs of weakness, may influence men's reporting of depressive symptoms and may help to explain the gender disparity. The non-clinical group of men and women in this study has taken us to a point in their descriptions of depression as an objectified or reified 'it' that is something difficult to articulate but which is psychologically painful, to be avoided, numbed or from which to escape. The biographical accounts of a small group of people who have experienced clinical depression (the 'clinical' group) have explicated the meaning of depression even further. Depression, viewed by this articulate small group as 'beyond description', is elucidated by their use of metaphor. The data from the non-clinical group, informed by the 'clinical' group and the literature surrounding depression in men, is synthesised, analysed and interpreted. The findings inform three propositions - the 'big build', 'intensified constraint', and 'averting negative consequences' - that offer new ways of thinking about depression in men. Conclusion The inextricable link between the experience and expression of depression as described by men, confirmed by women and supported by the literature and clinicians' impressions, may explain the existing gap between the 'meaning', 'manifestation' and 'measurement' of depression in men. Questions that tap in to men's trajectory of emotional distress, incorporating a state or symptom of intensified constraint common to men, could narrow the gender differences in reported depressive symptoms. This has implications for the design of measurement instruments and approaches to depressed men in clinical practice.
12
O'Connor, Elsa. "Emerging portraits of chronic depression in life narratives of women and men /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7637.
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Richardson, Darlyne. "Understanding Distinctive Beliefs and Perceptions about Depression among Haitian Men". ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/163.
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As of 2010, depression was the second most serious disorder among developed nations. Historically, African Americans, Latinos, and people of Caribbean descent have underutilized mental health services and have therefore been underrepresented in such statistics. Investigation into depression among Haitian men, from a Western or a non-Western cultural perspective, has been sparse in the literature. Bandura's social learning theory and Mahalik's biopsychosocial framework provided the theoretical foundation for this investigation. The purpose of this quantitative analysis was to explore the relationship between levels of depression in Haitian men related to restrictive emotionality, self-reliance, subjective masculine stress, spiritual well-being, and length of time in the United States. The data were obtained from demographic questionnaires and surveys to among 90 Haitian men residing in the United States, between the ages of 20 to 40 years old. Data were analyzed using multiple regression. The results indicated Haitian men who have been in the United States for a longer period of time showed a significant correlation to depression in comparison to their counterparts who have been in the United States for a shorter period of time (r = .22, p< .04). These results promote social change by providing information about depression among Haitian men to health care professionals, clinicians, and researchers who provide services to this grossly underserved population.
14
Lassiter, Jonathan Mathias. "Religion-based Homonegative Messages, Depression, and HIV Risk in Black Men Who Have Sex With Men". Thesis, Alliant International University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3620275.
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The present investigation was an online quantitative study that examined the associations between religion-based homonegative messages, internalized homonegativity, depressive symptoms, and sexual HIV risk behavior among a nationally recruited sample of 428 Black men who have sex with men (BMSM). The men in the sample had a mean age of 34, primarily resided the Southeastern region of the United States and identified as African American and gay. A series of hierarchal multiple regression and binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to test a path model that linked religion-based homonegative messages with sexual HIV risk behavior. Religion-based homonegative messages were found to be significantly associated with internalized homonegativity; internalized homonegativity was found to be significantly associated with depressive symptoms; and depressive symptoms were found to be significantly associated with sexual HIV risk behavior. The implications of these findings for mental health professionals, researchers, HIV prevention workers, and clergy are discussed.
15
Jasmine, Jones Nyberg, e Ariema Ogbe. "”Jag visar hellre att jag blir arg än att jag blir ledsen” : En studie om hur normer om manlighet påverkar unga mäns syn på män med depression". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Socialt arbete, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-34281.
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Forskning visar att män är mindre benägna att söka hjälp för sin psykiska ohälsa och att normer för hur en man ska vara ligger bakom deras ovilja att söka professionell hjälp. Syftet med denna kvalitativa studie var att undersöka om och på vilket sätt maskulinitetsnormer påverkar unga mäns föreställningar kring depression och depressiva symtom bland män. Detta studeras utifrån Connells (1999) teori om hegemonisk maskulinitet och Link och Phelans (2001) konceptualisering av stigma. För att uppfylla syftet genomfördes tre stycken fokusgruppsintervjuer med unga män mellan 20 och 35 år. Studiens huvudsakliga resultat visade att männen som intervjuades framhöll egenskaper som händig, hård, disciplinerad och stark som typiskt manliga och önskvärda hos en man. Männen beskrev att män inte söker hjälp på grund av en rädsla för att uppfattas som svaga och att det finns en bild av deprimerade män som ensamma och onormala. Studiens slutsats var att maskulinitetsnormer, att betraktas som icke-maskulin samt rädslan för att stigmatiseras låg till grund för hur de intervjuade männen resonerade kring och talade om män med depression och hur det hanteras.Research shows that men are less likely to seek help for their mental health issues and that masculine norms that dictate how a man should be lie behind this unwillingness to seek help. The objective of this qualitative study was to research how masculinity norms impact young mens perceptions about men with depression or depressive symptoms. This was accomplished through Connells (1999) theory about hegemonic masculinity and Link and Phelans (2001) conceptualization of stigma. In order to fulfill the purpose of this study three focus group interviews were conducted with young men between the ages of 20 and 35 years. The main results show that the interviewed men described traits such as being handy, strong, disciplined and tough as typically manly and desirable in a man. According to the men the fear of seeking help that exists among men stems in the fear of being perceived as weak and there is an idea of depressed men being lonely and abnormal. The conclusion of this study is that masculine norms, being perceived as non-masculine and the fear of stigmatization are important factors behind how the interviewed men reasoned and talked about men with depression and how they handle it.
16
McGregor, Carlie C. "Feeling Fat and Depressed: Positive Dimensions of Self-Concept Lessen that Relationship for College Men". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1157585/.
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The purpose of the current study was to examine if positive family, social, and/or academic dimensions of SC weaken (i.e., moderate) the direct relationship between physical SC (i.e., a person's evaluation of their physique, adiposity, and weight) and depressive symptoms in a sample of adult men. A convenience sample of 239 college men completed self-report measures including the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale-2 (TSCS-2) and Symptom Checklist-90 Revised. Hierarchical regressions revealed that family and social SC were significant moderators of the relationship between physical SC and depressive symptoms, suggesting how men see themselves in their family and social systems affects the aforementioned relationship. Academic SC, however, was not a significant moderator; it was negatively related to depressive symptoms no matter how men felt about their physical selves. Our findings suggest that feeling positively about one's relationships may protect men with poor physical SC from experiencing symptoms of depression at the rates or intensity of their similarly body dissatisfied peers who do not report positive family or social SC. An additional simultaneous regression assessed the contribution of various dimensions of SC to the prediction of depressive symptoms, physical (7.76%), social (8.02%) and academic (6.62%) self-concept accounted for significant amount of variance in symptoms of depression which family SC (2.61%) did not. College counselors who assist men presenting with poor physical SC or depressive symptoms should assess for the other problem, as they commonly co-occur. In addition, they may consider helping them to improve the quality of their relationships in family and social systems as reasonable interventions for both depression and poor physical SC. Importantly, men who experience their academic SC as deficient should be considered at-risk for depression, although more research is needed to help identify the types of students who report low academic SC. In addition, men with symptoms of depression would likely benefit from accommodations to support their academic functioning.
17
Wright, Jason Gary. "An experimental study of the effects of remote intercessory prayer on depression". Lynchburg, Va. : Liberty University, 2006. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu.
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18
Davey, Sarah Jane. "A comparison of the effectiveness of treatments for postnatal depression, with the inclusion of men". Thesis, Davey, Sarah Jane (2002) A comparison of the effectiveness of treatments for postnatal depression, with the inclusion of men. Professional Doctorate thesis, Murdoch University, 2002. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/34/.
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Postnatal depression (PND) is a serious and debilitating condition that disrupts women's lives at a time when they are already under stress, adapting to the substantial demands having a baby creates. PND is linked with adverse effects on the development of the child and the family system, including poor marital adjustment and elevated levels of depression in male partners. Implications, not only for men's health, but also for the amount and quality of support men can provide for their partners and children are far-reaching. Preventative programmes for the treatment of PND have been widely advocated, but are rare in the literature. Even fewer, are treatment programmes that include male partners. This study compared the efficacy of a structured Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) programme for the treatment of PND, delivered in 3 different ways, within an Australian semi-rurallcoastal community. Thirty-nine women, diagnosed with PND, completed 10 weeks of either 'individual' (n=9), 'group women only' (n=16) or 'group partners involved' (n=14) intervention and were compared with a control support group (n=7). Pre-intervention, women in the study reported the presence of a number of psychosocial risk factors for PND and almost 20% of the men in this sample were also depressed according to the BDI-II. Partners of the women in the 'group partners involved' treatment completed a 6-week CBT group programme especially designed for men (n=13). Partners of the women involved in the other interventions acted as a control group (n=16). Depression, anxiety, parenting stress, relationship adjustment and social support measures were taken using standardized instruments at pre-intervention, post-test and at 3- and 6-month follow-up. Qualitative information about the experiences of PND and the intervention programme was obtained through focus group interviews. The intervention programme was evaluated by questionnaire by both participants and their general practitioners or allied health professionals who had referred them to the programme. Results indicated that, overall, the 10-week, structured CBT programme was far more effective in treating PND than attending a support group. Over time, group therapy outperformed individual therapy for depression and anxiety. Including partners in intervention meant significantly improved outcomes at 6-month follow-up for depression, anxiety and relationship adjustment for women. When male partners were included, women's social support levels were significantly higher at 3-month follow-up. Post-intervention men who participated in the men's group were significantly less depressed and stressed, and showed higher levels of social support than controls. The intervention programme was rated highly by both participants and referrers for effectiveness and acceptability, with the psychoeducational information and CBT strategies rated as the most useful components. Participants viewed the inclusion of male partners in PND treatment as fundamental and strongly recommended increased community and professional awareness of PND and its consequences. The important implications for clinical practice and resource allocation raised by this study are addressed.
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Davey, Sarah Jane. "A comparison of the effectiveness of treatments for postnatal depression, with the inclusion of men". Murdoch University, 2002. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20070905.145404.
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Postnatal depression (PND) is a serious and debilitating condition that disrupts
women's lives at a time when they are already under stress, adapting to the
substantial demands having a baby creates. PND is linked with adverse effects
on the development of the child and the family system, including poor marital
adjustment and elevated levels of depression in male partners. Implications, not
only for men's health, but also for the amount and quality of support men can
provide for their partners and children are far-reaching. Preventative programmes
for the treatment of PND have been widely advocated, but are rare in the
literature. Even fewer, are treatment programmes that include male partners.
This study compared the efficacy of a structured Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
(CBT) programme for the treatment of PND, delivered in 3 different ways, within
an Australian semi-rurallcoastal community. Thirty-nine women, diagnosed with
PND, completed 10 weeks of either 'individual' (n=9), 'group women only' (n=16)
or 'group partners involved' (n=14) intervention and were compared with a control
support group (n=7). Pre-intervention, women in the study reported the presence
of a number of psychosocial risk factors for PND and almost 20% of the men in
this sample were also depressed according to the BDI-II. Partners of the women
in the 'group partners involved' treatment completed a 6-week CBT group
programme especially designed for men (n=13). Partners of the women involved
in the other interventions acted as a control group (n=16). Depression, anxiety,
parenting stress, relationship adjustment and social support measures were
taken using standardized instruments at pre-intervention, post-test and at 3- and
6-month follow-up. Qualitative information about the experiences of PND and the
intervention programme was obtained through focus group interviews. The
intervention programme was evaluated by questionnaire by both participants and
their general practitioners or allied health professionals who had referred them to
the programme. Results indicated that, overall, the 10-week, structured CBT
programme was far more effective in treating PND than attending a support
group. Over time, group therapy outperformed individual therapy for depression
and anxiety. Including partners in intervention meant significantly improved
outcomes at 6-month follow-up for depression, anxiety and relationship
adjustment for women. When male partners were included, women's social
support levels were significantly higher at 3-month follow-up. Post-intervention
men who participated in the men's group were significantly less depressed and
stressed, and showed higher levels of social support than controls. The
intervention programme was rated highly by both participants and referrers for
effectiveness and acceptability, with the psychoeducational information and CBT
strategies rated as the most useful components. Participants viewed the
inclusion of male partners in PND treatment as fundamental and strongly
recommended increased community and professional awareness of PND and its
consequences. The important implications for clinical practice and resource
allocation raised by this study are addressed.
20
Culpepper, Bonnie Courtland. "Relations Between Depression and Relationship Quality Among Couples with a Depressed Male". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23161.
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Major depressive disorder is a prevalent and serious mental health disorder that negatively affects individuals and their intimate relationships. Given little is known about the experience of depression for men, and the co-occurrence of male depression and marital discord, the current study aimed to gain an in-depth understanding of spouses\' experience of male depression, and how depression affects their relationships. Using a stress generation perspective, this qualitative study interviewed depressed men and their partners about both partners\' experiences of male depression in their relationships and their experience of the relationship between marital discord and depression. Couples identified behaviors and aspects of their relationships that influenced the relation between depression and relationship quality and partially supported the applicability of stress generation theory among couples with a depressed male partner. In addition to partially supporting stress generation theory, couples highlighted several positive experiences in their relationships as a result of enduring these struggles together. The findings pointed to several clinical implications and areas of future research among this population.Master of Science
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Chen, Hsiu-Chin. "Self-Transcendence, Illness Perception, and Depression in Taiwanese Men with Oral Cancer". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/228132.
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Purposes/Aims: The purpose of this study is to examine the role of self-transcendence along with illness perception and selected demographic factors in the experience of depression in Taiwanese men who have oral cancer. There are three main research questions: 1) What are the relationships among the following variables: demographic variables (age, education level, marital status, income, and work class), illness perception, self-transcendence, and depression? 2) How does self-transcendence relate to depression–directly or as a mediator between illness perception and depression? 3) What set of variables best explain the variance in depression? Significance and Conceptual Framework Oral cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths among men in Taiwan since 2003. Depression is common in oral cancer patients and is associated with poor quality of life and negative health outcomes, such as morbidity and mortality. Illness perception is the person’s understanding of his/her health threat based upon previous experiences and how perceptions affect an individual’s coping. Self-transcendence is an inner resource of which research evidence suggests that it promotes well-being and decreases level of depression in the context of significant life-altering health events. It is proposed then that during the crisis of diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer, self-transcendence may be an independent contributor to well-being, or function as a mediator in alleviating depression. Method: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive design. A convenience sample of men who have a confirmed diagnosis of oral cancer was recruited from the department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oncology, which is located at two medical centers in the same county in Taiwan. The inclusion criteria are male, ages 18 or older, ability to communicate in Mandarin or Taiwanese, and agreeing to participate in this study. Participants completed a Demographic and Health Related Questionnaire, a Chinese version of the Self- Transcendence Scale, Chinese versions of the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire, and a Chinese version of Beck’s Depression Inventory. Data analysis included use of descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients, and multiple regression. Results and Implications The results of this study support a clinical focus on facilitating self-transcendence to improve healing outcomes during this stressful event. Obtaining information about the role of self-transcendence in Taiwanese men with oral cancer may be particularly helpful in designing interventions or support programs to prevent or minimize depressive symptoms. Self-transcendence practices may help mediate the impact of negative illness perceptions on the emotional distress of men with oral cancer. Continued research and evaluation of practice applications of the theory will contribute to nursing knowledge concerning the relationships of illness perception, self-transcendence and demographic and health-related factors in depression among Taiwanese men with oral cancer.
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Ajayi, William E. "Real Men Don’t Cry: Examining Differences Between Externalizing Depressed Men in the Symptomatic Presentation of Depression in Psychiatric Inpatients". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1301667106.
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Wojniak, Edward John. "Depression in Men Who Are Fathers of Young Children: An Attachment Theory Perspective /". The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487931512620572.
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Zwart, Roxanne. "Experiences of depression in black South African young adult men in the workplace". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/77151.
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Common Mental Disorders are a leading cause of disease burden in the world, with depression being in the top five. South Africa has significantly high rates of depression and suicide. Little research has been conducted on the experiences of depression in black South African young adult men, particularly in the workplace. Cultural and gender norms with regards to depression may have far-reaching consequences on the lives of black South African men. The objectives of this research was to explore how gender, culture, and the workplace influence black South African men’s experiences of depression. Additionally, the risk of suicide, help-seeking behaviours, and factors which may lead to recovery within this population were explored. The research is situated in a qualitative methodology, using an interpretive paradigm, and a phenomenological study was conducted. The researcher used interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) on transcribed semi-structured interviews. The study included three participants, who were black South African males aged 32 to 38 years old and working in urban Gauteng, and who had a diagnosis of depression from a healthcare professional within the last two years. The findings revealed that depression, culture and the workplace had a profound impact on their experience and expression of depression. The participants also struggled within their workplaces while experiencing depression and their ability to work was thus severely impacted which resulted in negative consequences. Furthermore, the participants all struggled with suicidal ideation. The factors which led to recovery were also reported on so that we may gain a deeper understanding of what did help the participants in order to be better equipped to assist others and obtain a better understanding of successful treatment within this population.Mini Dissertation (MA (Counselling Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Psychology
MA (Counselling Psychology)
Unrestricted
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Town, Matthew Alan. "Racism, Heterosexism, Depression, and HIV Risk Behaviors of Native Men Who Have Sex With Men: Findings from the HONOR Project". PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1947.
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Racial minority men who have sex with men (MSM) experience greater levels of discrimination and higher rates of HIV infection. However, little is known about the associations between racial and heterosexist discrimination and HIV risk behavior. Further, little is known about the mechanisms of the association between racial and heterosexist discrimination and HIV risk behavior. There is some evidence to suggest that depression may be a mechanism that mediates the relationship between racial and heterosexist discrimination and HIV risk behavior. Thus, one purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which discrimination based on both race and sexual orientation, alone and in combination, are associated with HIV risk behavior. A secondary purpose of this study was to examine whether the relationship between discrimination and HIV risk behavior is mediated by depressive symptoms. Lastly this study sought to examine whether the relationships between discrimination, depressive symptoms, and HIV risk behavior were mediated by social support, LGBT and Native identity, and LGBT and Native community participation.
This study analyzed data from the HONOR project, the first national study of two-spirit individuals, which included 221 American Indian and Alaska Native MSM. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the extent to which experiences of racial and heterosexist discrimination were associated with HIV risk behavior. Results indicate that heterosexist discrimination was associated with HIV risk behaviors, whereas racial discrimination was not. Conversely, results indicate that racial discrimination was associated with depressive symptoms, whereas heterosexist discrimination was not. This study found no association between depressive symptoms and HIV risk behavior, even when accounting for alcohol and substance use. Results indicate that depressive symptoms are not a mechanism that explains the association between discrimination and HIV risk and perhaps the better mechanism to examine in future studies is substance use. Finally, LGBT community participation was shown to have protective effects against HIV risk behaviors.
These findings have the potential to guide development of mental health and HIV prevention interventions for Native MSM, with special attention to LGBT community participation and social support. Future research should examine attributes such as types, sources, and frequency of heterosexist discrimination and LGBT community participation.
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Brandebo, Freddy, e Emma Doyle. "Depressionsstigma ur ett maskulint perspektiv : - spelar grad av depression och maskulinitet någon roll?" Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-29590.
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Kvinnor är överrepresenterade gällande depression, medan män är överrepresenterade inom andra problemområden såsom antisociala riskbeteenden, missbruk och suicid. Stigma skapat av maskulina ideal och könsnormer har förts fram som möjlig faktor till könsskillnaderna. Det övergripande syftet med studien var att undersöka sambanden mellan depressiva symtom, depressionsstigma samt maskulinitet. Detta gjordes via en Internetenkät där 396 deltagare (245 kvinnor och 151 män) besvarade frågor som mätte dessa variabler. Studien fann inga könsskillnader gällande depression. Män uppvisade positiva samband mellan maskulinitet, personlig stigma och allmän stigma. Maskulinitetsmåttet förklarade 46 % av variansen i personlig stigma med fyra signifikanta delskalor. Självtillit uppvisade positiva samband med allmän stigma och depression samt negativt samband med personlig stigma. Resultaten tyder på vikten av att vidareutforska relationen mellan depressionsstigma, maskulinitet och depression för en mer fullständig förståelse av män och depression.Women are statistically overrepresented regarding depression while men are overrepresented in other areas such as antisocial risk behaviors, addiction and suicide. Stigma created by masculine ideals and gender norms has been presented as a possible factor for gender differences. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the correlations between depressive symptoms, depression stigma and masculinity. This was done through a internet-survey where 396 Swedish participants (245 women and 151 men) answered questions measuring these variables. The study found no gender differences regarding depression. Men showed positive correlations between masculinity, personal stigma and public stigma. The masculinity measure explained 46% of the variance in personal stigma with four significant subscales. Self-reliance showed positive correlations with public stigma and depression and negative correlation with personal stigma. Results indicate the importance of further studies of the relationship between depression stigma, masculinity and depression for a more complete understanding of men and depression in Sweden.
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Howells, Lawrence. "Why don't men seek help for depression? : the impact of masculinity on symptom perception". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2010. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/19104/.
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Wang, Naveen, Suhua Wang, Han-Zhu Qian, Yuhan Ruan, K. Rivet Amico, Sten H. Vermund, Xiaoqiang Qiu e Shimin Zheng. "Negative Associations between General Self-Efficacy and Anxiety/Depression among Newly HIV-Diagnosed Men Who Have Sex with Men in Beijing, China". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6306.
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To evaluate the association between general self-efficacy and depression/anxiety among newly HIV-diagnosed Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM) in Beijing, our study evaluated the baseline survey data of MSM taking part in a clinical trial among Chinese MSM in Beijing. The baseline survey of the trial was conducted between March 2013 and March 2014. General self-efficacy and depression/anxiety were measured using standard scales. Logistic regression and cumulative logistic regression were used to evaluate the associations between general self-efficacy and depression/anxiety. A total of 367 newly HIV-diagnosed Chinese MSM in Beijing were recruited. There were negative associations between general self-efficacy and depression/anxiety among the study population. As general self-efficacy increased by one unit, the odds of “likely” or “borderline” depression versus normal, or “likely” depression versus “borderline” depression or normal decreased by 12% [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.85–0.92] after adjusting for potential confounders. Similarly, general self-efficacy was negatively associated with anxiety (AOR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.86–0.93). A higher level of general self-efficacy was associated with lower levels of depression and anxiety among newly HIV-diagnosed Chinese MSM. Interventions promoting overall health and wellness should address self-efficacy, depression and anxiety.
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Davidson, Kenneth. "The relationship between internalised homophobia, sense of belonging to specific communities and depressive symptoms among self-identified gay men". Thesis, University of Ballarat, 2011. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/67249.
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This study explored depressive symptoms among gay men. Gay men who internalised anti-gay attitudes experienced more depressive symptoms, where as gay men who reported a sense of belonging to gay friends and the general community reported fewer depressive symptoms.Doctor of Psychology (Clinical)
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Sörensen, Josefine, e Lina Herbenö. "När allting är trist : Män och kvinnors upplevelser av att leva med depression". Thesis, Kristianstad University College, School of Health and Society, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-6529.
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Bakgrund: Risken för att drabbas av depression någon gång i livet är 50 % för kvinnor och 20 % för män. Orsaken till varför en depression utvecklas hos en del människor kan bero på olika faktorer, så som ärftlighet och av olika påfrestningar under uppväxten. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa upplevelser hos män och kvinnor som lever med depression. Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudie genomfördes och baserades på nio vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultat: Det visade sig att depression var något individuellt. Något som var återkommande i studierna var hur upplevelser och faktorer i barndomen kunde ha lett till depression och många personer upplevde ett lidande och en smärta i samband med sin depression. Det visade sig även att personer hanterade sin depression på olika sätt. Diskussion: I diskussionen lades det vikt på tre huvudfynd; att leva upp till höga krav i barndomen, att inte bli förstådd av omgivningen och skillnaden i hur män och kvinnor uttryckte sin depression. Slutsats: Efterhand som depression blir allt vanligare i vårt samhälle är det av vikt för vårdpersonal att få en ökad förståelse för området för att kunna ge en god individanpassad omvårdnad.
Background: The risk of suffering from depression at some point in life is 50% for women and 20% for men. The reason why depression develops in some people may depend on various factors, such as heredity and the various strains while growing up. Aim: The aim was to illuminate the experiences of men and women living with depression. Method: A systematic literature review was conducted and was based on nine scientific papers. Result: It was found that depression was something individually. Something that was recurring in the studies was how the experiences and factors in childhood might have led to depression and many people experienced a suffering and pain associated with their depression. It appeared also that people manage their depression differently. Discussion: The discussion was the emphasis on three key findings, to live up to high demanding in childhood, not to be understood by the environment, and the difference in how men and women expressed their depression. Conclusion: As depression becomes more and more common in our society, it is important that the personnel in healthcare gets a better understanding of the individual to provide good quality personalized care.
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Khan, Duane G. "The Association of Internalized Stigmas, Culture-Specific Coping, and Depression in Gay and Bisexual Black Men". Thesis, State University of New York at Albany, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10110777.
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Gay and bisexual Black men experience higher lifetime depression rates than both White and Black heterosexual men. Some social stress researchers argued that this rate may be due to having two stigmatized minority identities and therefore being at greater risk. However, gay and bisexual Black men also experience lifetime depression rates significantly below White LGB people, suggesting resilience to depression for those with these intersecting identities, race and sexuality. This study attempted to address the debate between greater risk versus resilience in gay and bisexual Black men.
This study investigated whether internalized heterosexism and internalized racism would independently predict depressive symptoms, and whether the interaction of the two would account for more reported depression, supporting the greater risk perspective and minority stress theory (Meyer, 2003). Additionally, the resilience perspective was tested using Africultural coping, culture-specific type of coping, as a moderator of the relationship between internalized stigmas and depressive symptoms. All variables were examined for their relative contributions to depressive symptoms in gay and bisexual Black men to allow for a nuanced view of risk and resilience in this population.
Eighty-three gay and bisexual Black men of diverse ages, incomes, and educational levels from around the U.S. completed all online surveys and were included in analysis. The single multiple regression was significant with the full model explaining 43% of the variance in depressive symptoms. Internalized heterosexism was positively associated with depressive symptoms. Neither internalized racism, nor the interaction of internalized stigmas (internalized heterosexism x internalized racism) was significant. Thus, minority stress theory was only partially supported and the greater risk perspective was not supported.
Africultural coping was not significant, in this sample, in predicting depressive symptoms, nor was the interaction of Africultural Coping with each of the two internalized stigmas. In keeping with social stress theory and research, reported low income was significantly and positively associated with depressive symptoms. Possible confounds and limitations are discussed. Implications for theory, methodology and measurement are also discussed.
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Lucas, Nicole James. "The Use of Social Support Among African American Men and Women and Its Effect on Depression". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28521.
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Mental health researchers have placed a lot of emphasis on the importance of informal social support resources and the effect on mental health outcomes among African Americans to help explain the low rates of mental disorder among this population (Cockerham 2006; Tausig, Michello, and Subedi 2004; Brown, Sellers, Brown, and Jackson 1999). It has been hypothesized that informal social support resources (family, friends, partner/spouse, etc.) used by African Americans (Taylor, Chatters, and Jackson 1997; Neighbors 1985; Stack 1974) buffers/reduces the effect of stress and distress on mental health (Pearlin 1999; Taylor, Hardison, Chatters 1996). In this study I combined the National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) and the National Comorbidity Survey - Replication (NCS-R) data sets to investigate the influence that relatives, friends, partners/spouses, and religious involvement have on levels of depression among African American men and women. I found that there is not much of a gender difference in the experiences of social support among African American men and women. I also found that for the most part social support has the same effect on depression for both African American men and women. Finally, there are no substantial gender differences in the way social support buffers stress for African Americans.Ph. D.
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Rakuba, White Makabe. "A traumatic experience of men who loose economic power in the family a challenge to pastoral care /". Diss., Pretoria : S.n, 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06192009-165613.
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Fondow, Meghan Dee Miller. "Effects of retirement and health among men and women in the health and retirement study". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1180107602.
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Winters, Erin. "Hot flashes in men with prostate cancer : prevalence, severity, and psychosocial correlates". [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001632.
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Ghanem, Simon. "Inflammation in young Swedish men and risk of adult-onset depression defined by prescription of antidepressant medications". Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-86370.
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Background: Depression is a major disability that has been studied extensively in regard to systemic inflammation. Cross-sectional studies have shown that systemic inflammatory parameters are raised in individuals with depression, but few studies have explored the longitudinal direction of associations. The aim of this study is to investigate whether heightened ESR-levels during adolescence increases the risk of subsequent depression during adulthood measured by antidepressant medication. Methods: This register-based cohort study included 196,667 Swedish men who were born in 1952 to 1956, attended mandatory military conscription assessments in late adolescence, and were followed up to 2009 through linkages of various national registers. The association between erythrocyte sedimentation rate, measured at conscription examination, and antidepressant treatment in middle age was examined using logistic regression with adjustment for confounding by BMI, stress resilience, socioeconomic index and household crowding. Results: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was not positively associated with an increased subsequent risk of antidepressant treatment. The characteristics of >18,5 BMI, low stress resilience, lower household crowding and the socioeconomic index belonging to ‘office worker’, were of higher risk for antidepressant treatment. Conclusion: This study shows that the systemic inflammatory marker erythrocyte sedimentation rate is not positively associated with subsequent development of depression defined by antidepressant treatment.
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Fondow, Meghan D. M. "Effects of retirement and health among men and women in the health and retirement study". The Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1180107602.
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Caetano, Carolina de Carvalho Barros. "Análise da relação do desempenho das funções cognitivas com as concentrações séricas dos esteroides sexuais em homens idosos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5169/tde-14112017-160853/.
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O envelhecimento é geralmente acompanhado por declínio cognitivo, sintomas depressivos e diminuição das concentrações séricas de esteroides sexuais. No entanto, a influência dos esteroides sexuais sobre a cognição no idoso é ainda controversa; os estudos englobam casuísticas com idosos e adultos e muitos utilizaram testes de rastreio para análise das perdas cognitivas e não avaliaram a função cognitiva individualmente. Objetivo: avaliar o desempenho das funções cognitivas, identificar a presença de sintomas depressivos e correlacioná-los com as concentrações séricas dos esteroides sexuais em casuística compreendendo exclusivamente idosos. Casuística: 60 homenscom idade variando de 62-87 anos (73,5±5,9). Método: O teste Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM) foi usado para análise da cognição e suas funções: orientacão temporal e espacial, memória imediata e de evocação, atencão cálculo, linguagem e capacidade visuoespacial. A Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (GDS) foi usada para identificar sintomas depressivos. As concentrações séricas de testosterona total (TT) e estradiol foram dosadas por eletroquimioluminecência, a concentração de testosterona livre (TL) foi calculada. Os resultados de ambos testes foram correlacionados com idade, escolaridade, índice de massa corpórea (IMC) e concentrações séricas de TT, TL e estradiol. Na análise estatística foram utilizados os testes de Spearman, Mann Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados: O tempo médio de escolaridade foi 9,5±4,5 anos, a média do IMC foi 26,9±3,9 kg/m2, a média das concentrações de TT, TL e Estradiol foram de 431,6±179,6 ng/dL, 7,58±2,8 pmol/L e 27,1±9,7 pg/mL, respectivamente. Observou-se correlações negativas da idade com TT (r=-0,36; p=0,003), TL (r=-0,32; p=0,01) e estradiol (r=-0,24; p=0,06). Identificou-se correlação positiva do GDS com a idade (r=0,3; p=0,016) e negativa com as concentrações de TT e TL (r=-0,32;p=0,01; r=-0,27;p=0,03, respectivamente). As concentrações de TT, TL e estradiol não se correlacionaram com a pontuação do MEEM; porém, houve correlação das concentrações de TT com a Orientação Espacial (r=0,26; p=0,04). Adicionalmente, foi encontrada correlação negativa entre o IMC com a pontuação total do MEEM (r=-0,3; p=0,01) e com a função Linguagem (r=-0,25; p=0,04), ressaltamos a correlação negativa do IMC com as concentrações TT (r=-0,45; p=0,0002). Houve correlação positiva da escolaridade com o MEEM (r=0,37; p=0.01). Conclusão: Não identificamos correlação dos esteroides sexuais com o desempenho da cognição em homens idosos, embora observamos influência das concentrações de TT sob a orientação espacial. O IMC teve influência negativa no desempenho do MEEM; no entanto, deverá ser elucidado se decorre de efeito direto da gordura corporal e/ou se representa um efeito indireto das concentrações menores de andrógenos dos indivíduos com IMC maior. A escolaridade parece ter um efeito protetor na manutenção do desempenho cognitivo. Adicionalmente, houve uma influência da idade e das concentrações menores de andrógenos na presença de traços depressivos. Dados deste estudo podem ser úteis na adoção de medidas preventivas, visando melhorar a qualidade de vida do idosoAging is usually followed by cognitive decline, depressive symptoms and decreasing in serum concentrations of sexual steroids. However, the influence of sexual steroids on cognition in elderly is still controversial,most studies comprisedelderly and adult subjectsand used screening tests to analyze cognitive impairment without assess of each cognitive function. Objective: to evaluate in cohort comprising exclusively elderlythe performance of cognitive functions, the presence of depressive symptoms and to correlate with serum concentrations of sex steroids. Casuistics: 60 males aged 62-87 years old (73.5 ± 5.9). Method: The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was applied to analyze the cognition and its functions: temporal and spatial orientations, immediate and recall memory, attention/calculation, language and visuospatial ability. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was used to identify depressive symptoms. Serum total testosterone (TT) and estradiol concentrations were measured by electrochemiluminecence, free testosterone concentration (FT) was calculated. The results of both tests were correlated with age, schooling, body mass index (BMI) and serum concentrations of TT, FT and estradiol. In the statistical analysis the Spearman, Mann Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis testswere used. Results: Mean time of schooling was 9.5±4.5 yrs, mean BMI was 26.9±3.9 kg/m2, mean serum concentrations of TT, TL and estradiol was 431.6±179.6 ng/dL, 7.58±2.8 pmol/L and 27.1±9.7 pg/mL, respectively. There were negative correlations between age and TT (r = -0.36, p = 0.003), FT (r = -0.32, p = 0.01) and estradiol (r = -0.24, p = 0, 06). Positive correlation between GDS and age (r = 0.3, p = 0.016) and negative with TT and FT concentrations (r = -0.32, p = 0.01, r = -0.27, p = 0.03, respectively). The TT, FT and estradiol concentrations did not correlated with MMSE score; however, there was a positive correlation between TT concentrations and Spatial Orientation (r = 0.26, p = 0.04). In addition, a negative correlation was found between BMI and MMSE score (r = -0.3, p = 0.01) and language function (r = -0.25, p = 0.04); we emphasized the negative correlation between BMI andserum TT concentrations (r = -0.45; p = 0.0002). There was a positive correlation betweenlevel of schooling and the MMSE (r = 0.37, p = 0.01). Conclusions: We did not identify an influence of sexual steroids on the performance of cognition in elderly men; although, we observed an influence of serum TT concentrations on spatial orientation. The BMI had a negative influence on the performance of MMSE; however, it should be elucidate if it results from a direct effect of body fat and/or an indirect effect of lower androgen levels from patients with higher BMI. Higher Schooling level appears to have a protective effect on the cognitive performance. There was a clear influence of age and lower serum androgen levels in the presence of depressive traits. Data from this study may be useful in the adoption of preventive actionsto improve the quality of life in elderly
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Griggs, Tosha. "Bouncing Back: Resilience as a Moderator between Aggression and Depression in Older Gay Men and Lesbians Group Differences". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1505136/.
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Older gay men and lesbians may be at greater risk for depression than older sexual majority adults due to a lifetime of sexual minority stress. We hypothesize that aggression and being single are positively associated with depression. Resilience is negatively associated with depression. Aggression, being single and resilience account for a significant proportion of variance in depression. Resilience moderates the relationship between aggression and depression. Significant differences between older gay men and older lesbians' aggression, resilience and depression scores exist. For our older gay men and lesbian combined group, a moderation analysis indicated that in addition to aggression and resilience, being single significantly predicted depression accounting for approximately 57% of the variance in depression. Furthermore, resilience significantly moderated the relationship between aggression and depression in our model of older gay men and lesbians. For our older gay men-only group a moderation analysis (indicated that and resilience significantly predicted depression accounting for approximately 57% of the variance in depression. Furthermore, resilience significantly moderated the relationship between aggression and depression in our model, in our sample of older gay men. Four our lesbian-only group a moderation analysis indicated that being single and resilience significantly predicted depression accounting for approximately 54% of the variance in depression.
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Griggs, Tosha. "Bouncing Back: Resilience as a Moderator between Aggression and Depression in Older Gay Men and Lesbians-Group Differences". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1505136/.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Older gay men and lesbians may be at greater risk for depression than older sexual majority adults due to a lifetime of sexual minority stress. We hypothesize that aggression and being single are positively associated with depression. Resilience is negatively associated with depression. Aggression, being single and resilience account for a significant proportion of variance in depression. Resilience moderates the relationship between aggression and depression. Significant differences between older gay men and older lesbians' aggression, resilience and depression scores exist. For our older gay men and lesbian combined group, a moderation analysis indicated that in addition to aggression and resilience, being single significantly predicted depression accounting for approximately 57% of the variance in depression. Furthermore, resilience significantly moderated the relationship between aggression and depression in our model of older gay men and lesbians. For our older gay men-only group a moderation analysis (indicated that and resilience significantly predicted depression accounting for approximately 57% of the variance in depression. Furthermore, resilience significantly moderated the relationship between aggression and depression in our model, in our sample of older gay men. Four our lesbian-only group a moderation analysis indicated that being single and resilience significantly predicted depression accounting for approximately 54% of the variance in depression.
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Smith, Scott E. (Scott Edward). "The psychological effects of diet induced lowered tryptophan in normal human males /". Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=71991.
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Biochemical theories postulate that deficient serotonergic functioning may be etiologically related to affective illness and aggressive behavior. In Study I mood and aggressivity were measured in thirty-six normal male subjects before and after ingestion of a Tryptophan Depleted, Tryptophan Loaded or Balanced amino acid mixture. While no differences in aggressivity were found, the Tryptophan Depleted group scored significantly higher at posttest on the MAACL Depression Scale than the control groups and demonstrated selective attention for dysphoric themes. In Study II a Balanced or Tryptophan Depleted amino acid mixture was administered to eighty normal male subjects prior to placing them in either a positive or negative environment, with or without instructions concerning the potential amino acid effects. The tryptophan depleted group became significantly more depressed than the control group regardless of environmental condition or instructional set. These findings suggest that lowered tryptophan may result in a central serotonergic dysfunction which is causally related to depressive affect and possibly to the pathogenesis of clinical forms of depression.
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Peterson, Brennan Daniel. "Examining the Individual and Dyadic Coping Processes of Men and Women in Infertile Couples and Their Relationship to Infertility Stress, Marital Adjustment, and Depression". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28809.
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This study explored the individual and dyadic coping processes of men and women in infertile couples and their relationship to infertility stress, marital adjustment, and depression. Study participants were comprised of 1,026 men and women (420 of which were couples) who were referred to a university-affiliated teaching hospital for advanced reproductive treatments between the years of 1991 and 2001. Three months prior to treatment, participants completed the Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCQ), the Fertility Problem Inventory (FPI), the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Findings from the study showed that escape avoidance, accepting responsibility, and self controlling were strongly related to increased stress, depression, and decreased marital adjustment for both men and women; while seeking social support was related to increased marital adjustment. Multivariate analyses of variance and covariance consistently showed that participants in four groups of couples who used high and low amounts of coping differed in their reports of infertility stress, marital adjustment, and depression. In addition, gender differences were found, with females consistently reporting greater levels of stress and depression than males. Several significant couple pairings among the four groups were found. Clinical implications linking study findings with marital and family therapies and ideas for future research are discussed.Ph. D.
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Peterson, Brennan Daniel. "Examining the Congruence between Couples' Perceived Infertility-Related Stress and its Relationship to Depression and Marital Adjustment in Infertile Men and Women". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35369.
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Recent studies have shown that the experience of infertility is linked with emotional responses such as depression, anxiety, guilt, social isolation, and decreased self-esteem in both men and women. This study explored the impact of congruence between couples' infertility-related stress and its effects on depression and marital adjustment in infertile men and women. Study participants were comprised of 525 couples referred to a university-affiliated teaching hospital for assessment and treatment with advanced reproductive technologies. Participants completed the Fertility Problem Inventory (FPI), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) three months prior to their first treatment cycle. The impact of differences between couples' perceptions of infertility-related stress were examined in relation to their effect on individual levels of depression and marital adjustment in both men and women. Results showed that differences between couple's evaluations of infertility-related stress were predictive of female depression, but not male depression. Women in couples who reported high levels of congruence (e.g., agreement) concerning the impact of infertility-related stress had significantly lower levels of depression when compared to couples in which females experienced a greater amount of stress than their partners. In terms of marital adjustment, men and women in couples who reported high levels of congruence concerning the impact of infertility-related stress reported significantly higher levels of adjustment when compared to couples who differed in their appraisals of the stress. Treatment implications based on these findings and future research directions are discussed.Master of Science
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Sombke, Chad. "Testing Models of Depression and Paranoia in Men and Women: The Role of Cognitive Style, Guilt, Shame, and Defense Mechanisms". DigitalCommons@USU, 2001. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6177.
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Gender differences in psychopathology have long been of interest in the fields of clinical, developmental, and personality psychology. Lewis proposed two models to explain the emergence of the development of gender differences in depression and paranoia. Lewis stated that gender differences in depression and paranoia can be traced to corresponding gender differences in cognitive style, guilt-proneness, shame-proneness, and the use of specific defense mechanisms. Although research evidence has validated certain components of these two models, neither model has ever been tested in its entirety. This research project intended to test Lewis's models in their entirety by utilizing structural equation modeling.
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Hughes, Joel W. "Depression, arterial baroreceptor sensitivity, and cardiac autonomic control at rest and during laboratory stressors in healthy young men and women /". The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148639819532651.
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Cohen, Michael Alan. "Psychometric Properties of the Nungesser Homosexual Attitudes Inventory and its Relation to Health Risks Among Gay Men". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/256261.
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PsychologyPh.D.
Sexual minority men are at an increased risk for negative outcomes, including mental health disorders, suicide, substance abuse, and sexual risk behaviors. Internalized Homophobia (IH), roughly defined as sexual orientation-related self-hatred among gay men, has been linked to these outcomes. Since its publication in 1983, the predominant measure of IH used in psychological research has been the Nungesser Homosexual Attitudes Inventory (Nungesser, 1983). The scale is potentially dated, and there is a relative paucity of investigation into its psychometric properties; findings derived through its use may be in question. The current effort describes two studies designed to address these concerns. Study I includes a principal components analysis of the scale using data obtained from an internet sample (N = 486), resulting in suggested revisions for the broader scale, and proposed brief versions of the Self and Disclosure subscales. Study II used data obtained from a second internet sample (N = 884) to further evaluate scale structure and properties. Analyses include confirmatory factor analyses of the original scale, Shidlo's revised version (1994), the suggested alternative, and the Brief Self and Disclosure scales proposed in Study I. Of the three versions of the overall scale, the suggested alternative proposed in Study I exhibited the most favorable fit and highest item loadings. Internal consistency for the suggested alternative was equal to that of the larger NHAI and Shidlo-revised scales. External validity was evaluated through correlations with mental health and suicide, substance use, sexual risk, and orientation-based victimization. Strong results in the expected direction were found only in the instance of mental health, with negative attitudes towards homosexuality being associated with increases in depression and anxiety scores as measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The suggested scale alternative and Brief Self and Disclosure scales performed similarly to the more extensive NHAI and Shidlo-revised scales, leading to a recommendation for their use in research. Finally, findings from the current effort are discussed in relation to the broader social context impacting the lives and development of sexual minority men.
Temple University--Theses
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Volgsten, Helena. "Mood Disorders, Personality and Grief in Women and Men undergoing in vitro Fertilization Treatment". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-109464.
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Psychological problems are common in infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. The aim of this thesis was to determine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders, such as mood and anxiety disorders, and related risk factors and personality traits in women and men undergoing IVF. Participants were 1090 consecutive women and men, 545 couples, attending a fertility clinic in Sweden during a two-year period. The Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD), based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), was used for evaluating mood and anxiety disorders. The participation rate was 862 (79 %) subjects. Any psychiatric disorder was present in 31 % of females and in 10 % of males. Major depression was prevalent in 11 % of females and 5 % of males. Only 21 % of the subjects with a psychiatric disorder had some form of treatment. A negative pregnancy test and obesity (BMI ≥ 30) were risk factors for mood disorders in women and the only risk factor for depression in men was unexplained infertility. Anxiety disorders were less common than in the general population and no IVF-related risk factors were identified. The Swedish universities Scales of Personality (SSP), a self-rating questionnaire, was used for evaluation of personality traits. High scores of personality traits related to neuroticism were associated with mood and/or anxiety disorders among both women and men. Another objective was to explore the experience of childlessness three years after unsuccessful IVF by a qualitative-approach, assessing data by interviews. Failure after IVF was experienced by women in terms of grief, whereas men took upon themselves a supportive role not expressing grief. A need for professional support and counselling in how to handle grief was described. An unstructured end after IVF treatment left unanswered questions. Three years after the end of treatment, men and women were still processing and had not adapted to childlessness, indicating the grieving process was unresolved.
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Kemp, Natalie. "Fathers' experiences of a mother and baby unit : a qualitative study". Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2011. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/10277/.
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Section A presents a literature review of the issues and challenges facing fathers in the postnatal period, in the context of an historical marginalisation of fathers in the study of child development. The review leads to a specific focus on the limited research evidencing the increased risk fathers face to their mental health, when coping with a partner's admission to a Mother and Baby Unit (MBU). Section B Fathers' experience of the joint admission of a partner and child to an MBU has been the subject of limited research, despite initial findings suggesting fathers are at increased risk of postnatal paternal mental health difficulties. This qualitative study aimed to explore the lived experience of fathers in this context, to inform the validity of future research in the area. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was carried out following semi-structured interviews with six fathers in south east England. Five master themes showed that these fathers experienced the onset of their partners' postnatal mental health difficulties as unexpected and traumatic. Fathers needed to acknowledge limits in their ability to help, and the necessity of calling on specialist services. During admission, fathers felt pulled physically and emotionally between managing their own needs, and the needs of their partner and new baby. Themes showing the MBU admission challenged their fathering role and identity were contrasted with the importance fathers placed in treatment needing to be a 'family affair', inclusive and supportive of the father, and mindful of the impacts on the couple relationship. The impact of culture on fathers' adjustment to involvement at the MBU was noteworthy. In conclusion, this research helps understand the importance of including the father where appropriate in a mother's recovery programme, and helping the father define a role alongside the clinical team. The findings of the study validate the efforts of government policy to build effective family focused perinatal services. Section C sets out the journey taken from the ethnographic inception of the research idea, through dilemmas encountered in carrying out the study, to reflections on what was learnt during the process.
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Miltz, A. R. "The role of depression in sexual behaviour linked to STI and HIV transmission : a study of HIV-negative and untested gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men in England". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10043740/.
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HIV transmission remains ongoing among men who have sex with men (MSM). Depressive symptomatology has been linked to sexual risk-taking among sexually active MSM in the U.S. Data in Europe are lacking. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the role of depressive symptoms in sexual behaviours linked to STI/HIV transmission among gay, bisexual, and other MSM in the UK, using data from two studies. AURAH (Attitudes to, and Understanding of, Risk of Acquisition of HIV) was a cross-sectional study of HIV-negative MSM attending 20 genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics across England (2013-2014). Men reporting recent sex were included in analysis (N=1340). PROUD was a randomized trial to assess the effectiveness of pre-exposure prophylaxis among MSM reporting condomless sex (CLS), and therefore at high-risk for HIV acquisition, in England (2012-2014, N=540 at baseline). Across studies/time-points, prevalence of depressive symptoms (PHQ-9≥10) ranged from 12.4%-14.4%; associated factors included lower socio-economic status, lower supportive network, concealment of sexuality, bisexual-identity, anti-gay attitudes, recreational drug use, and intimate partner violence. Among sexually active men in AURAH, depressive symptoms were associated with all measures of CLS, including previous sexually transmitted infection and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) use, even after adjusting for socio-demographics and recreational drug use (adjusted prevalence ratio for ≥2 CLS partners: 1.28 95% CI: 1.05, 1.56; p=0.013). In structural equation modelling, depression was associated with CLS indirectly via low self-efficacy (perceived inability to ensure condom-use when desired) (p < 0.001). Among the PROUD sample of men reporting CLS, depressive symptoms were associated with PEP use, but not with greater versus lower levels of CLS. Among samples with high levels of sexual risk, factors with disinhibiting effects (i.e. drug use) may better explain differences in behaviour. Among sexually active GUM clinic attendees, management of depression alongside interventions surrounding self-efficacy may play an important role in HIV/STI prevention.
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Ruusa, Jaan. "On testosterone during alcohol withdrawal in men : effects on mood and insulin-like growth factor 1 /". Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7140-057-5/.
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