Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Dalles (construction)"
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Moisan, Caroline. "Distribution des moments dans les dalles avec surépaisseurs continues". Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2001.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteMecheti, Othmane. "Apport de la haute performance au comportement de dalles en béton armé". Toulouse, INSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ISAT0014.
Texto completo da fonteLamothe, Serge. "Développement d'un connecteur Rigide-Ductile-Économique pour dalles composites en bas lamellé-croisé et béton pour les bâtiments multiétages". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34005.
Texto completo da fonteWooden structures are a good solution for building multi-story buildings. Wood is known for its architectural appearance, low footprint and mechanical strength. The addition of a thin layer of concrete connected using shear connectors to a piece of glued-laminated timber (GLULAM) or a Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) considerably increases the rigidity of the floor. It is therefore possible to build longer span in building while respecting the Serviceability Limit States (SLS) deflection criteria as well as the Ultimate Limit States (ULS) bearing capacity. These innovative solutions are also less sensitive to vibrations since they are more rigid. The comfort of users is improved. This thesis focuses on the development of a shallow notch type connection suitable for composite slabs. This connection is designed to obtain a rigid initial behavior, followed by a big ductility. This is possible by using the compressive ductile nature of the timber. Several configurations are tested in CLT and GLULAM. The depth of the cut varies from 20 mm to 35 mm. The influence of the presence of an acoustic insulation between the timber and the concrete is also quantified. The first shear tests on the different configurations showed very good results. Three 8 m single span CLT-HPC slabs were cast. The CLT-HPC slabs were designed with a multi-criteria approach to meet the National Building Code of Canada (NBCC) standards and to maximize certain factors considered important by the building industry such as floor thickness, floor weight, the cost, etc.
Naud, Nicolas. "Développement des structures composites bois-béton avec emphase sur le comportement de la connexion". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30276.
Texto completo da fonteTimber framing is a very attractive alternative for the construction of multistory buildings. Thanks to its low ecological footprint, its excellent mechanical properties and the aesthetics of finished product. By adding a thin concerted concrete slab, the thickness and weight of the floors can be considerably reduced while respecting the design criteria. In order to succeed, the load must be transferred from the concrete slab to the timber beam by the shear connectors. Different types of connectors allow this transfer. Nevertheless, it is difficult to guarantee good stiffness in serviceability and ductile behaviour before the collapse of the structure. Ductility is an indicator of the ability of the structure to dissipate energy. In this master thesis, the behaviour of a new cast-in-place composite connector will be discussed. This ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) with a steel core ensures stiffness and ductility. The aim of this research is to verify and validate the behaviour of the composite connector by varying the different geometric parameters, namely the diameter and the length. Furthermore, in order to confirm the performance of the new connector, a bending test will be carried out on typical floor beams in comparison with another shear connector. These laboratory tests will also be validated using a simple and complex calculation method to verify the structural behaviour in both Serviceability Limit States (SLS) and Ultimate Limit States (ULS). Finally, this thesis explores the behaviour of a thin slab of UHPFRC connected to a glued laminated timber (GLT) with a long span of 9 m. The TCC beams were designed with a simplified multi-criteria approach. The results confirm the promising potentials, in terms of weight and overall thickness, of using UHPFRC thin slab for future TCC multistory buildings.
Antoine, Pierre-Cornélius. "Etude des dalles sur sols renforcés au moyen d'inclusions rigides ou non". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209997.
Texto completo da fonteDoctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Martin, Yannick. "Développement d'assemblages de dispositif de retenue pour les ponts à tabliers orthotropes en acier". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25881.
Texto completo da fonteTraffic barriers in bridge construction are specially designed devices that are carefully selected and connected to the bridge deck to redirect errant vehicles safely into the flow of traffic and prevent them from proceeding down a non-driveable batter. Current North American bridge design standards require that the selected traffic barrier system must be crash-tested at full-scale to ensure a safe design standard. Minimal modifications of already crash-tested and approved traffic barrier system are however allowed if its performance can be demonstrated by an appropriate engineering simulation and analysis. The finite element analysis method is an effective tool to predict the response of traffic barriers under vehicle-induced forces. The present research aims at developing generic connector systems (deck and curb-mounted) that allows the attachment of a standard already-crash-tested post-and-rail barrier to orthotropic steel decks. This research involves both static analysis and dynamic simulation of crash-test using ABAQUS and LS-DYNA. The ability of the attachment system to transfer the impact loads without compromising the structural integrity of the bridge deck or the barrier itself would be examined in detail. Typical assembly were developed with strengthening plates to connect the traffic barriers directly on the orthotropic steel deck and with a module to connect it on a steel curb. Similarities existing between the results of the different analyses show that the static loads specified in Canadian standard CSA S6-06 are appropriate for the modification of the anchorage of traffic barriers to connect them to orthotropic steel decks. Keywords : Traffic barrier, orthotropic steel deck, bridge, connector system, finite element analysis.
Beudon, Camille. "Conception et analyse de cycle de vie d'un pont routier à platelage en aluminium sur poutres en bois lamellé-collé". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67779.
Texto completo da fonteThe Quebec Gouvernment wishes to promote the use of wood and aluminium in the construction and rehabilitation of structures. In the context of the short-term vision of construction projects, wood and aluminium are clearly disadvantaged. However, aluminium and glued laminated timber could become competitive materials for the rehabilitation of the Quebec roadway bridges, in particular thanks to their local production in Quebec and their possibility of recycling. In order to avoid a biased short-term view, the method of arbitration used is that of life cycle analysis. This holistic method makes it possible to take into account all life-cycle stages. Two analyzes are carried out in parallel. The first concerns life cycle costs and the second concerns environmental impacts. These two studies complement each other and add a environmental dimension, which is not negligible today, on decision-making. The first stage of this project consists of the design of the hybrid bridge deck aluminium on glued laminated timber beams using the CAN / CSA S6-14 standard. The bridge-type thus designed is subsequently used during life cycle analyzes. The economic analysis is done using the ISO 15686-5 standard (2017). The environmental impact analysis is done using the ISO 14040 and 14044 standards (2006). The use of wood and aluminium as well as the low number of maintenance operations make the aluminum/wood deck more economically advantageous over its entire lifespan. Conventional concrete/steel decks provide a clear reduction in initial construction costs, but this trend is reversed very quickly. The possible prefabrication of aluminium/steel and aluminium/ wood bridge decks reduces indirect construction costs. Thus aluminium/ wood bridge decks reduce 86 % of the total cost of the conventional bridge deck. In terms of environmental indicators, the aluminium wood/decki s also to be favored
Desjardins, Victor. "Connecteurs en cisaillement pour développer l'action composite dans les ponts aluminium/acier". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27926.
Texto completo da fonteAluminium alloys have many properties that make this material fit for structural uses, in particular in a nordic climate. This metal has indeed a good weight/resistance ratio, an excellent corrosion resistance, a high resilience at low temperatures, and a good formability. For these reasons, aluminium is considered for the production of bridge decks made of multi-cellular extrusions welded together. Decks are to be connected to steel girders with slip-critical bolted joints, in order to achieve composite action between the deck and the girders. The main concern is the lack of accessibility of the interior of the extrusions. This prevents the setting up of the slip-critical bolteds joints, compliantly with the canadian standards about highway bridges. Two solutions are studied : the use of blind bolts and the design of an special extrusion to join the deck to the beams. For each of these solutions, a feasability study is led. Two models of blind bolts are identified, then modeled by finite elements to determine wether they match the CAN/CSA-S6-2014 requirements about slip-critical joints. The solutions explored in this project are finally campared by the mean of SWOT analysis, in order to bring out their strenghts, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Key-words 6063-T6, aluminium, blind bolt, bridge, CAN/CSA-S6-2014, deck, extrusions, finite elements slip-critical joint.
Gomes, Fernanda. "Influence du revêtement sur le comportement en fatigue des dalles orthotropes : étude d'une solution en BFUP". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00806298.
Texto completo da fonteLeclerc, Julien. "Utilisation innovatrice de l'aluminium dans les ponts : effets de la variation de la température sur le comportement structural d'un tablier à platelage d'aluminium sur poutres d'acier, à action composite". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30272.
Texto completo da fonteThis project concerns the use of a new aluminium bridge deck that is being developed at Université Laval. It is a 200 mm deep aluminium bridge deck, which represents an alternative to the reinforced concrete slabs in bridges. This project proposes to connect the aluminium bridge deck to steel girders using galvanized ASTM F3125/F3125M-15a grade A325 bolts of diameter M20 in a slip-critical connection. Full composite action between the deck and the girders is expected in order to develop the full capacity of the composite section. However, the coefficient of thermal expansion of aluminium, being twice that of steel, differential movements may occur during temperature changes. To understand the behavior of the bolted connection under such thermal loadings, this project uses finite element model with the Abaqus software. The combinations of dead, live and thermal loads at the ultimate limit state (ULS) and serviceability limit state (SLS) are studied. The loads are calculated according to the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code (CAN/CSA S6-14). Results confirm that full composite action between the aluminium deck and the steel girders can be achieved. Moreover, by following the recommendations of this study, it is possible to eliminate the sliding that may occur during the thermal loading of the beam at the serviceability limit state (SLS). This study also offers a solution to prevent the failure of the bolted connections following the combination of thermal and mechanical loads.
Limam, Sophia. "Etudes expérimentales et numériques du comportement des dalles épaisses en béton armé avec épingles sous cisaillement : Application aux bâtiments nucléaires". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI006/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis, based on experimentation and numerical modeling aims at a better understanding of the behaviour of reinforced concrete slabs equipped with shear reinforcements, by measuring the effect of stirrups on their shear strength. A bibliographical synthesis was first carried out to highlight the parameters acting on the shear stress through the results of previous work and studies such as the characteristic resistance of concrete in compression, the rate of longitudinal and transverse reinforcements, the shear to span ratio the size of the aggregates and the applying of an axial load. The experimental campaign was then carried out on thirty slabs including 9 slabs without shear reinforcement and 21 slabs with stirrups shared in four series, the first designed to study the global and local shear behaviour, the second to analyze the interaction of the stirrups with the longitudinal reinforcement, the third to study the effect of an axial effort on the shear strength and to check whether there is interference from the shear reinforcement on the behaviour of axial effort and the fourth to study the effect of meshing of aggregates by varying the size of their maximum diameter. The results confirm the shear gain through the adding of stirrups and also their interaction with longitudinal reinforcement and axial compression. Also, the stirrups cancel the effect of increasing the diameter of concrete aggregates. The experimental results are compared with the forecasts based on Eurocode 2, the French national Annex, the Fib Model Code 2010 and the ACI 318-14. The results show that overall the French approach ANF (avg = 1.00, std = 0.08) and the fib Model Code 2010 give very close results of experimental values. The EC2 also gives acceptable results with reasonable security margins. Comparison of the analytical results obtained with the EC2, the ACI 318-14, the Fib Model Code shows that both the ANF is successful; The best average of the "experimental shear strength and the numerical shear strength ratio (1.014) was obtained with the ANF (0.03). The modeling of slabs, using the elastoplastic concrete model with damage through ABAQUS EXPLICIT gives results comparable to the experimental results, not only for the determination of the ultimate load and the maximum shear strength but also for the failure mode which is similar to the experimental one
Fortin, Carl. "Curling and strain monitoring of slabs strips in a laboratory environment". Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22702/22702.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteThe primary goal of this project was to relate curling and joint opening with ASTM C157 drying shrinkage measurements. In order to achieve this objective, 12 slabs were built with 8 different concrete mixtures. The main variables of the study were the type and amount of reinforcement and the use of a shrinkage-reducing admixture (SRA). Different phenomena were monitored, in particular curling, joint movements, creep and shrinkage. The advantages of using a shrinkage-reducing admixture (SRA) in ordinary concrete slabs are clearly demonstrated through the results obtained in this investigation. The study also shows the effectiveness of some fiber reinforcement systems in counteracting the detrimental effects of drying shrinkage. The large database on curling and joint opening produced in this investigation will be used to validate and calibrate predictive models in development, and will help the concrete industry to refine design rules for joint spacing.
Tabet-Derraz, Moulay Idriss. "Comportement et modélisation des connecteurs dans une structure mixte (acier-béton)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0092.
Texto completo da fonteThe principle of steel-concrete composite beams is to combine a concrete slab and a steel beam for joint work. Shear connectors are mechanical tools that have the role of ensuring the connection between the two materials at the interface of the composite beams. A variety of shear connectors have been proposed in the literature to provide suitable behavior at the steel-concrete interface. Headed stud connectors are most widely used in composite construction due to building code recommendations. However, the latter have significant drawbacks in terms of structural performance and practicability on construction sites. In this present thesis, an innovative new type of OMEGA-shaped connector has been proposed in two geometric designs (primary shape and improved shape) to be an alternative to conventional connectors. In addition to having a simple fabrication process and convenient installation at the composite beam interface, the shape of this connector allows for a large confined concrete zone, making it more resistant to shear and slab uplift. In this research, experimental push-out tests were performed on OMEGA connector with different configurations to study their strength, ductility and failure mode in the steel-concrete connection. Additional push-out specimens with conventional headed stud type connectors were also tested in order to compare the performance of OMEGA connectors with that of standard headed studs. The results demonstrated that the proposed OMEGA-shaped connector exhibited interesting behavior in steel-concrete connection and which can be used as an alternative shear connector for composite beams. In addition, an FE numerical model of the push-out test on OMEGA connectors was developed in this thesis using Abaqus software. The goal is to deepen the investigations on this proposed connector, by conducting a parametric study that aims to evaluate the influences of connector dimensions and concrete slab strength on the internal behavior of the steel-concrete connection. Moreover, by exploiting the parametric study results, an equation for predicting the OMEGA connectors shear strength was also developed. Furthermore, composite beam tests with OMEGA connectors arranged at the interface were also carried out as part of this thesis, by producing a composite beam specimen with a complete connection and another with a partial connection. The objective of this study is to analyze the influence of OMEGA connectors mechanism in the connection on the overall behavior of the composite beam. The results affirmed that the use of OMEGA connectors ensure adequate behavior to composite beams, even with a reduced degree of connection
Agossou, Yémalin. "Étude de la mise en oeuvre du rotin et du rônier comme armature des nervures et armatures de paillasse de la table de compression en béton de latérite". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. https://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/DDOC_T_2021_0350_AGOSSOU.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteEveryone agrees today on the impact of the production of industrial materials on the planet's climate. The construction sector is one of the main culprits in this situation as it is the largest consumer of energy and the second emitter of CO2 in the world. The depletion of certain material deposits is also one of the problems facing mankind. It is therefore important to achieve eco-friendly buildings that consume little energy and emit fewer greenhouse gases over their entire life cycle. This study is part of a general issue of developing innovative building materials with low environmental impact. We are therefore proposing a new concrete based on laterite aggregate with the substitution of steel reinforcements by those made of palmwood (Borassus Aethiopum) and rattan (Calamus Dearatus) for the realization of parts of concrete structures, more specifically the floors This study was carried out on the laterite from the ATOTINGO quarry in the town of ALLADA in Benin where we carried out its physical and mechanical characterization of the laterite and proposed a method for formulating structural concrete based on this laterite. We have therefore characterized the different materials of plant origin (palm tree and rattan) to control their mechanical performance. The formulation of the laterite concrete allowed us to develop three types of lateral concrete. The use of raw (unwashed) laterite has led to a concrete with a 28-day compressive strength of 21.23 ± 1.24 MPa. However, washing by removing fine particles smaller than 63µm has increased this strength to 27.52 ± 0.32 MPa with modulus of elasticity of 17920 ± 324MPaThe proposed plant reinforcements have developed respectively a tensile tensile stress parallel to the fibers of the palmwood and rattan lianas of 156MPa and 22MPa. The adhesion of the laterite concrete and the palmyra reinforcement measured in various ways showed that this adhesion could reach 4MPa. These performances validated our approach to developing a floor in eco-friendly materials. It appears that the floor thus developed to have spans of up to 3.50. The dimensioning of the beam of the latter according to the standard in force reveals that a section of reinforcement of 25mm diameter could effectively be a solution to the realization of a floor
Cusson, Benoit. "Renforcement des dalles épaisses en cisaillement". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29046/29046.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteThe degradation of concrete infrastructure is a major concern for organizations such as the Ministère des Transports du Québec (MTQ) which is managing a large network of bridges and transport infrastructure. In recent decades, growth in loads and volume of traffic combined with exposure to aggressive agents caused a rapid deterioration of some of these structures. In parallel, the knowledge in the field of resistance mechanisms, including the scale effect in shear, question the capacity of several structures, such as thick slab bridges without shear reinforcement, to handle traffic loadings. The collapse of the Concorde overpass in 2006, initiated at a thick slab portion without shear reinforcement, highlighted the need to develop a strengthening technique for shear for this type of structure when appropriate. A method was tested at Laval University where vertical reinforcing bars coated with epoxy where inserted in holes drilled from the top face of the structure. The current project furthers the experience by studying a different longitudinal spacing including various methods for anchoring the vertical bars. For this study, five slices of slab with identical geometry were built. Each of these slabs was then reinforced by the various techniques studied. The set of test bodies were loaded in a three-point bending set up to determine the behavior under shear. Meanwhile, pull-out tests were performed to characterize the chemical epoxy anchor used. The results show that both methods requiring drilling from the underside of the slabs tested are too cumbersome to be implemented relative to the resistance gain obtained. Also, the study showed that mechanical anchors are less efficient than chemical anchors. More so, it was found that with an adequate longitudinal spacing, epoxy coated bars inserted from the slab top surface provided a slab behavior similar to the one with stirrups in accordance with the relevant standard (CAN/CSA-S6-06, 2006). The dispersion of cracks and observed reserve capacity following the failure shows that this method has great potential.
Razani, Mahmoud. "Contribution à l’étude du comportement des dalles en béton arme et fibre sous sollicitation de choc". Lyon, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAL0036.
Texto completo da fonte[The aim of our work is to determine the characteristics induced in the behaviour of reinforced concrete slabs under impact of deformable projectiles, by mixing metallic fibres with concrete. In the bibliographic chapter, we first present the essential computation methods for one-degree and distributed-mass systems, and large-scale tests of slabs intended to give empirical formulas direct! y used in design of particular buildings. Then, we lay out principal tests showing the influence of parameters such as material characteristics, shape of specimen, and loading conditions, on the mechanical behaviour of specimens (pattern of failure, strain energy, -strength,. . . ). Second chapter concerns static and impact instrumented tests carried out on materials, showing the influence of strain rate on the compression stress-strain curve. The third chapter describes static and impact tests on slabs. Deflections and strains at different points of the slab and sections, and also the load, are measured. Load-deflection and moment-curvature curves are deduced. In the last chapter, first, moment-curvature curves of sections are computed from stress-strain curves of materials, by a numerical method taking into account post-rupture part of concrete tension stress-strain curve. Secondly, impact response of slabs is computed, using a finite element numerical code, considering bilinear moment-curvature curves. Third part concerns numerical computation by modelling the slab and its elastic support into undamped two-degree spring-mass system, considering variations of flexibility coefficient at cracking and plastification. Last part contains a simple method based on rectangular load function and bilinear elastoplastic moment-curvature curves. ]
Cheriet, Taoufik. "Contribution à l’étude du béton arme expansif". Lyon, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAL0057.
Texto completo da fonteGreen, Christopher Thomas. "Winding Dali’s clock : the construction of a fuzzy temporal-GIS for archaeology". Thesis, University of Leicester, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/9385.
Texto completo da fonteBeaulieu-Michaud, Marie-Christine. "Conception, construction et monitorage d'une dalle de grande dimension en béton armé de polymères renforcés de fibres (PRF)". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6150.
Texto completo da fonteLe, Gac Benoit. "Développement et caractérisation d’une connexion hybride béton-acier utilisée comme rupteur de pont thermique balcon-plancher en Isolation Thermique par l’Extérieur". Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ISAR0012.
Texto completo da fonteThe main goal of this Ph.D. thesis is the development and characterization of a hybrid balcony-floor connection used as a thermal break for externally insulated buildings. Structurally, it must ensure the transmission of a significant bending moment and a shear force due to the balcony cantilever. This system belongs to the hybrid connections still poorly described in the scientific literature and for which this thesis makes a contribution. Existing solutions to avoid balcony's thermal bridges involve architectural or technical constraints. Thermal break systems are structurally and thermally relevant solutions. The main existing systems do not involve steel concrete hybrid technology to date. The mechanical behavior of the developped system has firstly been tested under vertical static loading during a campaign of five tests. The results show a very ductile moment-rotation response that meets design expectations. As an extension of the experimental interpretation, a semi-empirical model has been developped. The gain of stiffness obtained by a specific anchoring detail has been quantified in relation to existing analytical models. The creep behavior of the connection, due to the concrete creeping at the interface with the hybrid elements has been the object of an experimental study. The link between the evolution of the connection rotation and the material creep coefficient has been established. A finite element mode! has been calibrated on the vertical loading tests and allowed to study in detail the behaviour of the system's shear key. The determination of the boundary conditions of the system justifies the force diagrams on the key. The last part of this work concerns the justification of the system under the fatigue loading provoked by the differential thermal expansion between the balcony and the floor. A series of tests under oligocyclic fatigue loading was performed to establish a resistance criterion and a study of the actual thermal stress action was completed. Finaly, the durability of the connection has been demonstrated. The development of this hybrid connection can be successfully considered and validates the suitability for a range of products. The industrialization and marketing of the product will go through a certification for which the justifications are already established and will be a guarantee of the scientific relevance of the system
Petitclerc, Samuel, e Samuel Petitclerc. "Comportement dynamique des ponts à platelage d'aluminium extrudé sous l'effet des surcharges routières". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38298.
Texto completo da fonteL’aluminium est le matériau tout désigné pour les donneurs d’ouvrage étant à la recherche de matériaux plus durables pour les ponts routiers. Alliant un excellent ratio résistance/poids à une excellente résistance naturelle à la corrosion, son utilisation sous la forme d’un platelage extrudé connecté à des poutres d’acier assure une structure plus légère et requérant beaucoup moins d’entretien que les structures traditionnelles. Toutefois, la légèreté de l’aluminium, qui est un avantage important lors de la conception de la structure sous-jacente ainsi que lors de la construction, peut se révéler être un défi important d’un point de vue dynamique, en raison des fréquences de vibration qu’elle produit. Considérant que le code canadien sur le calcul des ponts routiers prescrit l’utilisation d’un coefficient de majoration dynamique (CMD) pour prendre en compte les effets dynamiques lors de la conception, et que la valeur de ce coefficient est basée sur le comportement dynamique des ponts traditionnels, des interrogations sont soulevées quant à l’applicabilité de ce coefficient pour des ponts à platelage d’aluminium, ayant un comportement dynamique différent. Afin de répondre à ces questions, des modèles dynamiques simplifiés permettant de représenter deux camions canadiens actuels, le CL-625 et le train double B, ont été développés et implémentés dans Abaqus. Par la suite, ces modèles furent utilisés afin de réaliser plusieurs séries d’analyses dynamiques, cherchant à évaluer l’impact sur la réponse du pont de divers paramètres et comparer les résultats obtenus aux valeurs prescrites. Les résultats obtenus dans cette étude, qui se veut le point de départ de l’analyse du comportement dynamique des ponts à platelage d’aluminium, semblent indiquer qu’en dépit d’un comportement dynamique différent, les valeurs de CMD prescrites par le code canadien sont sécuritaires pour des ponts à platelage d’aluminium. Toutefois, de nombreuses autres études seront nécessaires avant d’émettre des recommandations finales.
Aluminium is a material of choice for any highway bridge owners looking for more durable materials. Combining an excellent strength to weight ratio with an excellent corrosion resistance, an extruded aluminium deck connected to steel girders provides a lighter structure and requires less maintenance than the usual materials, such as steel or concrete. However, the aluminium’s lightweight, which is a huge advantage for the foundations design as well as for the construction, can become a concern when the bridge’s dynamic behavior is considered, due to its higher vibration frequencies. Considering that the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code prescribes the use of a dynamic load allowance (DLA) factor to account for the dynamic effects of the traffic loads on the bridge, and that the values prescribed are based on the dynamic behavior of traditional bridges, some doubts arose about the applicability of this coefficient to aluminium deck bridges, which are expected to have a different dynamic behavior. To validate these speculations, simplified dynamic models were developed to replicate the dynamic behavior of two Canadian trucks, the CL-625 and the train double B. These models were then implemented in Abaqus and used in a series of dynamic analysis investigating the effect on the bridge response of different parameters, both from the truck and the bridge. Results have shown that, despite having a different dynamic behavior, the dynamic amplifications observed on aluminium deck bridges were always lower than the DLA values prescribed by the Canadian code, indicating that, for the situations studied, those values are safe to use. However, further studies will be required before any final conclusions can be made about the applicability of the DLA values in their current state.
Aluminium is a material of choice for any highway bridge owners looking for more durable materials. Combining an excellent strength to weight ratio with an excellent corrosion resistance, an extruded aluminium deck connected to steel girders provides a lighter structure and requires less maintenance than the usual materials, such as steel or concrete. However, the aluminium’s lightweight, which is a huge advantage for the foundations design as well as for the construction, can become a concern when the bridge’s dynamic behavior is considered, due to its higher vibration frequencies. Considering that the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code prescribes the use of a dynamic load allowance (DLA) factor to account for the dynamic effects of the traffic loads on the bridge, and that the values prescribed are based on the dynamic behavior of traditional bridges, some doubts arose about the applicability of this coefficient to aluminium deck bridges, which are expected to have a different dynamic behavior. To validate these speculations, simplified dynamic models were developed to replicate the dynamic behavior of two Canadian trucks, the CL-625 and the train double B. These models were then implemented in Abaqus and used in a series of dynamic analysis investigating the effect on the bridge response of different parameters, both from the truck and the bridge. Results have shown that, despite having a different dynamic behavior, the dynamic amplifications observed on aluminium deck bridges were always lower than the DLA values prescribed by the Canadian code, indicating that, for the situations studied, those values are safe to use. However, further studies will be required before any final conclusions can be made about the applicability of the DLA values in their current state.
Mercer, Matthew Sherman. "Transverse Sub-Assemblage Testing of the Inverted-T Bridge System". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33696.
Texto completo da fonteMaster of Science
Ramer, S. Angela. "Assessing Workplace Design: Applying Anthropology to Assess an Architecture Firm’s Own Headquarters Design". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc799508/.
Texto completo da fonteBlackburn, Dany. "Le développement d'un système constructif de plancher préfabriqué pour l'habitat urbain de Hanoi". Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23933/23933.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteBurneika, Linas. "Research of Forming the Product’s Construction using Constituent Parts". Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100303_125105-05502.
Texto completo da fonteUžsakovams pritaikytų gaminių projektavimo procesas šiuo metu yra paplitęs mašinų gamyboje ir kitose pramonės šakose. Šio proceso metu gaminio konstrukcija keičiama atsižvelgiant į užsakovo poreikius. Tokie gaminiai yra metalo ir medžio apdirbimo staklės, liftai, eskalatoriai, kranai, sunkvežimiai ir pan. Nors pritaikytas pagal poreikius gaminys yra brangesnis už serijiniu būdu padarytus gaminius, tačiau jis žymiai pigesnis už vienetinius gaminius. Mašinų ir įrenginių konstrukcijos projektams sudaryti iš sudedamųjų dalių yra naudojami gaminio konfigūravimo metodai. Šių metodų pagrindinis trūkumas yra tas, kad papildyti gaminio konfigūravimo modelį yra sudėtinga. Kuriant naujus gaminių konstrukcijų variantus yra naudojamos tik modelyje esančios sudedamosios dalys, bet nenumatomas būdas kurti naują konstrukcijos projektą iš labiausiai panašios modelyje esančios gaminio konstrukcijos. Nepakankamai įvertinama, kad gaminio konfigūravimo modelis dažnai keičiamas ir tobulinamas. Taip pat reikalinga galimybė gaminio konfigūravimo modelyje kurti naujas sudedamąsias dalis, plečiant gaminių pasiūlą ir atsiradus naujiems užsakovų poreikiams. Šio darbo tikslas – sukurti gaminio konstrukcijos variantų sudarymo ir parinkimo metodą, kurį taikant būtų greičiau ir lengviau kuriami nauji gaminio konstrukcijos modelio variantai naudojant sudedamąsias dalis, jų savybes ir galimų ryšių tarp sudedamųjų dalių ribojimus. Siekiant tikslo, buvo sprendžiami šie uždaviniai: ištirti esamus gaminio... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Arif, Edwin Ezra Bin. "Refinement of the Inverted T-Beam Bridge System for Virginia". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78612.
Texto completo da fonteMaster of Science
Nana, Wendpanga Serge Auguste. "Etudes expérimentales et numériques du comportement des dalles épaisses en béton armé sous chargement de cisaillement et interaction cisaillement/effet de membrane : Application aux bâtiments nucléaires". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI108/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis study, based on experiments and numerical modeling, aims at a better understanding of the shear behavior of reinforced concrete slabs. An experimental campaign was carried out on full-scale thick slabs typical of nuclear power plant slabs. These slabs without shear reinforcement are subjected to a quasi-static shear loading. The tests are carried out by varying different parameters that can influence the shear behavior: the concrete compressive strength, the slab depth, the bottom longitudinal and transverse reinforcement ratio, the concrete aggregate size, the loading plate length. The influence on shear behavior of compression or tension membrane forces has also been analyzed. The results of tests are then compared with the predictions of the calculation codes. These results first of all helped to answer the differences between the Eurocode 2 and the French National Annex concerning the prediction of the shear capacity of reinforced concrete slabs. The level of accuracy given by other shear dimensioning standards was also assessed: The American standard ACI 318-14, the AFCEN ETC-C 2010 code used for nuclear buildings, the fib-Model 2010 and the Critical Shear Crack Theory. Next, we evaluate the possibilities of a non-linear finite element analysis (EF) to reproduce the phenomenon of shear in slabs. An elastoplastic concrete model with damage was used and combined with a quasi-static analysis using an explicit resolution scheme. Appropriate nonlinear behavior laws of concrete with post-peak behaviors associated with an energy criterion were considered. The good agreement between the proposed model and the experimental results in terms of shear strength and failure modes allowed validating the proposed modeling. A parametric study was conducted based on the numerical proposed model with the same mechanical properties of concrete. Simplified laws allowing estimating the shear capacities according to the different parameters studied are proposed
Moge, Charlotte. "La construction d'une mémoire publique de la lutte contre la mafia de 1982 à 2012 à partir d'un martyrologe : Pio La Torre, Carlo Alberto dalla Chiesa, Giovanni Falcone et Paolo Borsellino". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAH030/document.
Texto completo da fonteThough the Mafia has become recently an object of study, the Antimafia remains a black hole in the historiography of the Mezzogiorno while the assassinations of officials constitute tense moments in the history of Republican Italy. We have chosen to focus our attention on four emblematic figures that were murdered by the Mafia over its 1982 and 1992 outbursts of violence: Pio La Torre (deputy and regional secretary of the PCI); Carlo Alberto dalla Chiesa (assassinated while he was Palermo prefect); Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino (magistrates). In order to observe how a public memory of the fight against the Mafia was built, we use a panel of sources that is typical of the present time history: archives, press, written and audiovisual memory productions, but also oral sources thanks to the interviews we lead during our field investigation. These sources allow us to understand the context as well as to analyze the evolution of the representations of the anti-mafia fight’s martyrs.The first part is dedicated to the study of the moment when these four officials were assassinated and an immediate memory built. The analysis of the press, in the wake of the outbursts of violence of the Mafia, brings out the characteristics of the immediate memory of victims, and reveals an unprecedented anti-mafia civil mobilization. The second part deals with the elaboration and the institutionalization of the victims’ memory, through the study of the commemorations and the representations. The cross-study analysis of our various sources brings to light the different strata of the memory elaboration. Finally the third part shows that the anti-mafia memory, though institutionalized and structured, is actually a tormented memory, as is revealed by the justice breaches, the political uses of the anti-mafia memory or the conditioning effect of current events on the decennial commemorations. Making the history of the anti-mafia memory thus allows us to reveal under a new light a number of tensions that are characteristic of contemporary Italy. Therefore the memory of the fight against the Mafia appears as a privileged observatory to examine the political, societal and cultural mutations of Republican Italy
Kassem, Fidaa. "Reliability of reinforced concrete structures : Case of slabs subjected to impact". Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0096/document.
Texto completo da fonteReinforced concrete structures (RC) are subjected to several sources of uncertainties that highly affect their response. These uncertainties are related to the structure geometry, material properties and the loads applied. The lack of knowledge on the potential load, as well as the uncertainties related to the features of the structure shows that the design of RC structures could be made in a reliability framework. This latter allows propagating uncertainties in the deterministic analysis. However, in order to compute failure probability according to one or several failure criteria, mechanical and stochastic models have to be coupled which can be very time consuming and in some cases impossible. The platform OpenTURNS is used to perform the reliability analysis of three different structures . OpenTURNS is coupled to CASTEM to study the reliability of a RC multifiber cantilever beam subjected to a concentrated load at the free end, to Abaqus to study the reliability of RC slabs which are subjected to accidental dropped object impact during handling operations within nuclear plant buildings, and to ASTER to study the reliability of a prestressed concrete containment building. Only the physical problem of reinforced concrete impacted by a free flying object is investigated in detail. Two deterministic models are used and evaluated: a 3D finite element model simulated with the commercial code “Abaqus/Explicit” and an analytical mass-spring model. The aim of this study is to address this issue of reliability computational effort. Two strategies are proposed for the application of impacted RC slabs. The first one consists in using deterministic analytical models which predict accurately the response of the slab. In the opposite case, when finite element models are needed, the second strategy consists in reducing the number of simulations needed to assess the failure probability. In order to examine the reliability of RC slabs, Monte Carlo and importance sampling methods are coupled with the mass-spring model, while FORM is used with the finite element model. These two stategies are compared in order to verify their efficiency to calculate the probability of failure. Finally, a parametric study is performed to identify the influence of deterministic model parameters on the calculation of failure probability (dimensions of slabs, impact velocity and mass, boundary conditions, impact point, reinforcement
Miao, Buquan. "Effets mécaniques dus au retrait de dessiccation du béton". Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ENPC8912.
Texto completo da fonteAouameur-Mesbah, Amel. "Analyse non-linéaire matérielle et géométrique des structures coques en béton armé sous chargements statiques et dynamiques". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529774.
Texto completo da fonteBihina, Gisèle. "Analyse du comportement au feu des planchers mixtes acier-béton constitutés de poutres cellulaires". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00673404.
Texto completo da fontePisani, Federico. "Knowledge workers management. Concorrenza e invenzioni nel rapporto di lavoro subordinato: il modello statunitense". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425914.
Texto completo da fonteThis work addresses the issues of competition and inventions in the U.S. employment relationships. The research was carried out in part at the Boston University School of Law of, under the supervision of Micheal C. Harper, professor of Labour Law. The selection of the topic is justified in the light of its importance, given that in the new production organization, based largely on globalized knowledge, employees are now increasingly being asked for professionalism, innovation and creativity. The decision to examine this issue from the perspective of the "U.S. laboratory" is due to the primacy that this nation holds at international level on the economic, scientific and innovation of work processes, which bring out critical issues that in other Countries probably have not yet been raised. In order to frame the above-mentioned topics, it has become appropriate to give an account of the system of regulatory sources in the USA, with particular focus on the Restatement of Employment Law, i.e. the collection of fundamental principles developed over the years by common law in the field of employment relationships. The examination of the sources is followed by the definition of the concept of employee and self-employed worker (independent contractor), necessary for the assessment of the application of the obligations arising from the employment relationships, including the duty of loyalty, involved in the fiduciary law. In this context, the evolution of the case law has been observed, as well as the examination of the criteria relating to the distinction between employees and independent contractors, mainly concerning the judgement on the relevance of the factual elements determining the assessment of the existence of an employment relationship. Subsequently, this study addresses the issue of the typical form of the U.S. employment contract, the so-called employment-at-will. This peculiarity is originated from the principle that the parties are not bound by any obligation to provide reasons for termination. The third part of the work has as its object the discipline of competition of the worker carried out on the basis of the knowledge acquired, legally or illegally, during the relationship and the relative legal remedies for the employer, against the violation of the duty of loyalty, intended as an obligation of the employee to perform the work in the exclusive interest of the entrepreneur and, consequently, to refrain from engaging in prejudicial conduct against the company. About the remedies available in the event of breach of the obligations examined, the legal and equitable remedies that U.S. law offers the employer have been explained. The final part of this study deals with the rules governing the ownership of rights arising from inventions developed by employees in the course of their employment. The definitions of "invention" and "patent" and their relationship in the context of employment law has been examined and the difference between invention as a work of genius and intellectual property protected by copyright has been highlighted. In addition, the mechanisms underlying the basic rules governing the subject matter and their coexistence with the contractual freedom of the parties and their power to dispose of these rights have been observed.
Plevak, Stephen Henry. "The impact of light rail transportation announcement and construction : the role of rail transit in property values, land use, demographics, equity, accessibility, and gentrification". Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2010-05-1216.
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