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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Crop yield Arid regions Computer simulation"
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Li, Jiang, Xiyun Jiao, Hongzhe Jiang, Jian Song e Lina Chen. "Optimization of Irrigation Scheduling for Maize in an Arid Oasis Based on Simulation–Optimization Model". Agronomy 10, n.º 7 (29 de junho de 2020): 935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10070935.
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In arid regions, irrigation scheduling optimization is efficient in coping with the shortage of agricultural water resources. This paper developed a simulation–optimization model for irrigation scheduling optimization for the main crop in an arid oasis, aiming to maximize crop yield and minimize crop water consumption. The model integrated the soil water balance simulation model and the optimization model for crop irrigation scheduling. The simulation model was firstly calibrated and validated based on field experiment data for maize in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Then, considering the distribution of soil types and irrigation districts in the study area, the model was used to solve the optimal irrigation schedules for the scenarios of status quo and typical climate years. The results indicated that the model is applicable for reflecting the complexities of simulation–optimization for maize irrigation scheduling. The optimization results showed that the irrigation water-saving potential of the study area was between 97 mm and 240 mm, and the average annual optimal yield of maize was over 7.3 t/ha. The simulation–optimization model of irrigation schedule established in this paper can provide a technical means for the formulation of irrigation schedules to ensure yield optimization and water productivity or water saving.
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Lopez, Gina, Thomas Gaiser, Frank Ewert e Amit Srivastava. "Effects of Recent Climate Change on Maize Yield in Southwest Ecuador". Atmosphere 12, n.º 3 (25 de fevereiro de 2021): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12030299.
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In recent years, evidence of recent climate change has been identified in South America, affecting agricultural production negatively. In response to this, our study employs a crop modelling approach to estimate the effects of recent climate change on maize yield in four provinces of Ecuador. One of them belongs to a semi-arid area. The trend analysis of maximum temperature, minimum temperature, precipitation, wind speed, and solar radiation was done for 36 years (from 1984 to 2019) using the Mann–Kendall test. Furthermore, we simulated (using the LINTUL5 model) the counterfactual maize yield under current crop management in the same time-span. During the crop growing period, results show an increasing trend in the temperature in all the four studied provinces. Los Rios and Manabi showed a decreasing trend in radiation, whereas the semi-arid Loja depicted a decreasing precipitation trend. Regarding the effects of climate change on maize yield, the semi-arid province Loja showed a more significant negative impact, followed by Manabi. The yield losses were roughly 40 kg ha−1 and 10 kg ha−1 per year, respectively, when 250 kg N ha−1 is applied. The simulation results showed no effect in Guayas and Los Rios. The length of the crop growing period was significantly different in the period before and after 2002 in all provinces. In conclusion, the recent climate change impact on maize yield differs spatially and is more significant in the semi-arid regions.
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Unami, Koichi, Osama Mohawesh e Masayuki Fujihara. "Prototype and model of solar driven desalination plant in arid environment". Thermal Science 24, n.º 2 Part A (2020): 903–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci180604097u.
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Water shortage and salinity are crucial factors affecting plant growth in arid and semi-arid regions, where irrigation water shortage and capillary rise from shallow saline water tables are often encountered. The objectives of this study are to construct a prototype of solar driven desalination plant in an arid area of Jordan Rift Valley, to develop a mathematical model predicting thermal dynamics in the prototype, to calibrate model parameters with measured physical parameters, and to discuss the performance of the prototype as well as its applicability to other areas under different environment. Results of measurement and numerical simulation show that the model is capable to reproduce the thermal dynamics of the desalination plant and to predict dew yield. Overall, the developed model provides a sound basis for describing and explaining the mass and energy balance mechanisms in the developed desalination plant. This study offers also a useful tool for analysis and assessment of the dew yield and thermal dynamics of such a desalination plant in general. Using the constructed prototype, performance analysis based on crop cultivation is ongoing.
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Littleboy, M., AL Cogle, GD Smith, KPC Rao e DF Yule. "Soil management and production of alfisols in the semi-arid tropics. IV.* Simulation of decline in productivity caused by soil erosion". Soil Research 34, n.º 1 (1996): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9960127.
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Maintenance of a productive soil base by minimizing soil erosion is vital to long-term crop production. In this study, a modelling approach is used to estimate the effects of soil erosion on productivity for a sorghum cropping system on an Alfisol in the semi-arid tropics of India. Predictions of erosion, runoff and yield decline due to erosion, for variations in initial soil depth, slope, tillage strategy and amendment treatment, are presented. On average, soil depth decreased by 0.91 cm/year at Hyderabad for a 10% slope, 80 cm initial soil depth, shallow tillage at planting and no surface amendment. Rates of soil removal and subsequent yield decline were higher for shallower soils, steeper slopes and if management practices provided less surface cover during the crop. The productive life of the soil was less than 91 years for some soil depths, slope and management combinations. For other combinations, significant yield decline was predicted after 91 years of cropping. The quantification of erosion-productivity relationships allows us to identify regions with a higher risk of degradation from soil erosion and to estimate the impact of various management options on long-term sustainability. Models provide a basis to focus research and a means of assessing alternative management strategies to preserve long-term production.* Part III, Aust. J. Soil Res. 1996, 34, 113–125.
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Ai, Pengrui, e Yingjie Ma. "Estimation of Evapotranspiration of a Jujube/Cotton Intercropping System in an Arid Area Based on the Dual Crop Coefficient Method". Agriculture 10, n.º 3 (6 de março de 2020): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10030065.
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An accurate estimation of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) in intercropping is critical for a theoretical basis for formulating an intercropping irrigation system of fruit trees and improving the soil moisture condition of orchards in arid regions of Southern Xinjiang. Herein, observational data such as soil moisture and plant physiological indicators were measured in jujube/cotton intercropping in the Aksu region from 2015 to 2017. The evapotranspiration of single-crop jujube and cotton was estimated using the modified dual crop coefficient method. Then, based on the proportion of intercropping crops, the soil water stress coefficient was introduced to estimate the evapotranspiration of the jujube/cotton intercropping. The results show that the model has good applicability to simulate single-crop jujube and cotton, and jujube/cotton intercropping. However, compared with single cropping, the accuracy of simulated daily evapotranspiration was decreased. In addition, adjusting the cotton irrigation amount caused the simulation accuracy to further decrease. From the perspective of interspecies complementarity and competition, cotton dominated the intercropping system and had better tolerance to external environmental changes than jujube trees. Intercropping had negative effects on jujube trees in general, and very obvious positive effects on cotton. Based on the 3-year crop yield, 5-year-old jujube trees are recommended for intercropping. During this time, the yield of cotton under the effect of interspecific complementation increased by 26.47%, and the yield of intercropping jujube was similar to that of single crop. As the jujube tree age increases, the effect of increasing cotton production gradually diminishes. The jujube trees also had a significant reduction in yield due to interspecific competition. Our research supports the dual crop coefficient method as appropriate to estimate crop ETc in intercropping and may be further used to improve irrigation scheduling for jujube/cotton intercropping.
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Pathak, Rakesh, Sunil Kumar Singh, Alkesh Tak e Praveen Gehlot. "Impact of Climate Change on Host, Pathogen and Plant Disease Adaptation Regime: A Review". Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia 15, n.º 3 (25 de setembro de 2018): 529–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2658.
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An aberrant and harsh climate of arid and semi-arid regions of the world coupled with a continuous rise in temperature and CO2 concentration has adversely affected production and productivity of crops, livestock and fisheries in the region. Some of the minor pest species have acquired serious status due to fluctuating environmental conditions in the recent years revealing higher numbers of pest occurrences that may result up to 40% loss in agriculture yield by the year 2100 in South Asia including India. The global average temperatures are expected to arise around 1–2°C by the year 2100. Consequently, more frequency of high temperatures, storms, or drought, a quantum jump in use of insecticides, change in virulence pattern, the emergence of pathogens in new areas has been anticipated. Simulation models have been advocated to be a better approach for the evaluation of the upcoming climate change impact on agriculture and forest plant disease. New gene discovery and their deployment would be a better approach to combat the effect of climate change. Abiotic stress tolerant varieties and integrated pest management (IPM) have increased yield and productivity under climate change scenario. A new innovation in pest management and commitment in anticipatory research against emerging pathogens through multidisciplinary techniques may be better strategies under climate change.
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Bhatti, Muhammad Tousif, Muhammad Ashraf e Arif A. Anwar. "Soil Erosion and Sediment Load Management Strategies for Sustainable Irrigation in Arid Regions". Sustainability 13, n.º 6 (23 de março de 2021): 3547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063547.
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Soil erosion is a serious environmental issue in the Gomal River catchment shared by Pakistan and Afghanistan. The river segment between the Gomal Zam dam and a diversion barrage (~40 km) brings a huge load of sediments that negatively affects the downstream irrigation system, but the sediment sources have not been explored in detail in this sub-catchment. The analysis of flow and sediment data shows that the significant sediment yield is still contributing to the diversion barrage despite the Gomal Zam dam construction. However, the sediment share at the diversion barrage from the sub-catchment is much larger than its relative size. A spatial assessment of erosion rates in the sub-catchment with the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) shows that most of the sub-catchment falls into very severe and catastrophic erosion rate categories (>100 t h−1y−1). The sediment entry into the irrigation system can be managed both by limiting erosion in the catchment and trapping sediments into a hydraulic structure. The authors tested a scenario by improving the crop management factor in RUSLE as a catchment management option. The results show that improving the crop management factor makes little difference in reducing the erosion rates in the sub-catchment, suggesting other RUSLE factors, and perhaps slope is a more obvious reason for high erosion rates. This research also explores the efficiency of a proposed settling reservoir as a sediment load management option for the flows diverted from the barrage. The proposed settling reservoir is simulated using a computer-based sediment transport model. The modeling results suggest that a settling reservoir can reduce sediment entry into the irrigation network by trapping 95% and 25% for sand and silt particles, respectively. The findings of the study suggest that managing the sub-catchment characterizing an arid region and having steep slopes and barren mountains is a less compelling option to reduce sediment entry into the irrigation system compared to the settling reservoir at the diversion barrage. Managing the entire catchment (including upstream of Gomal Zam dam) can be a potential solution, but it would require cooperative planning due to the transboundary nature of the Gomal river catchment. The output of this research can aid policy and decision-makers to sustainably manage sedimentation issues in the irrigation network.
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Arriagada, Osvin, Ilaria Marcotuli, Agata Gadaleta e Andrés R. Schwember. "Molecular Mapping and Genomics of Grain Yield in Durum Wheat: A Review". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, n.º 19 (24 de setembro de 2020): 7021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197021.
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Durum wheat is the most relevant cereal for the whole of Mediterranean agriculture, due to its intrinsic adaptation to dryland and semi-arid environments and to its strong historical cultivation tradition. It is not only relevant for the primary production sector, but also for the food industry chains associated with it. In Mediterranean environments, wheat is mostly grown under rainfed conditions and the crop is frequently exposed to environmental stresses, with high temperatures and water scarcity especially during the grain filling period. For these reasons, and due to recurrent disease epidemics, Mediterranean wheat productivity often remains under potential levels. Many studies, using both linkage analysis (LA) and a genome-wide association study (GWAS), have identified the genomic regions controlling the grain yield and the associated markers that can be used for marker-assisted selection (MAS) programs. Here, we have summarized all the current studies identifying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and/or candidate genes involved in the main traits linked to grain yield: kernel weight, number of kernels per spike and number of spikes per unit area.
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MASON, STEPHEN C., NOURI MAMAN e SIÉBOU PALÉ. "PEARL MILLET PRODUCTION PRACTICES IN SEMI-ARID WEST AFRICA: A REVIEW". Experimental Agriculture 51, n.º 4 (11 de fevereiro de 2015): 501–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479714000441.
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SUMMARYPearl millet (Pennisetum glaucumL.) is an important grain crop for millions of poor farmers and consumers in the semi-arid region of West Africa. During the past 40 years, much research on pearl millet production practices and adoption in this region has been conducted, but an attempt to summarize these results has not been previously completed and these research results are not readily available to many West African scientists. This review was completed to address this need and integrate knowledge, and at the same time identify research needs for the future and extension priorities for semi-arid West African agro-ecological zones. Research has shown that selection of improved varieties and cropping systems, appropriate cultural practices, and recommended integrated soil, nutrient, residue and pest management can greatly increase grain and stover yields of pearl millet. However, adoption by farmers has been minimal due to limited profitability, high risk and labour demand, limited input supply, market availability and appropriate public policy. This review has 196 articles included as in-text citations (Table 1) compared to 149 articles in the reference list, indicating that only one in four articles integrated two or more topics in the research. The obvious conclusion is that most of the past research has not addressed the ‘system’ but rather one or two management practices. In addition, most studies have interpreted responses in terms of yield without addressing other important considerations for farmer adoption. Recent conservation agriculture research moves closer to addressing the larger integrative types of research needed. Such research is complex and requires sustained funding for field and laboratory activities, but also for computer simulation modelling and economic assessment.
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Ruiz, Jorge, María Bielza, Alberto Garrido e Ana Iglesias. "Dealing with drought in irrigated agriculture through insurance schemes: an application to an irrigation district in Southern Spain". Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 13, n.º 4 (2 de dezembro de 2015): e0106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2015134-6941.
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<p class="Abstract">Hydrological drought is expected to have an increasing impact on both crop and fruit yields in arid and semi-arid regions. Some existing crop insurance schemes provide coverage against water deficits in rain-fed agriculture. The Prevented Planting Program in the USA covers against drought for irrigated agriculture. However, drought insurance for irrigated agriculture is still a challenge for companies and institutions because of the complexity of the design and implementation of this type of insurance. Few studies have attempted to evaluate the risk of loss due to irrigation water scarcity using both stand-alone production functions and crop simulation models. This paper’s contributions are that it evaluates the suitability of AquaCrop for calculating drought insurance premiums for irrigated agriculture and that it discusses contract conditions and insurance design for hydrological drought risk coverage as part of a traditional insurance product, with on-field loss assessment in combination with a trigger index. This method was applied to an irrigation district in southern Spain. Our insurance premium calculation showed that it is feasible to apply this method provided that its data requirements are met, such as a large enough set of reliable small-scale yield and irrigation time series data, especially soil data, to calibrate AquaCrop. The choice of a trigger index should not be underestimated because it proved to have a decisive influence on insurance premiums and indemnities. Our discussion of the contract conditions shows that hydrological drought insurance must comply with a series of constraints in order to avoid moral hazard and basis risk.</p>
Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Crop yield Arid regions Computer simulation"
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Georgis, Kidane. "The effect of fertiliser management practices on soil organic matter production in the semi-arid areas : a field and modelling approach". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AFP/09afpg352.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 155-169. Studies the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on dry matter production under differing watering regimes. Investigates the accuracy of different crop and soil organic matter models for predicting crop yield, nitrogen uptake and changes in soil organic carbon and nitrogen. Compares the models with data from long-term field experiments on wheat in Australia and sorghum in Ethiopia. Finds that a higher crop yield and better nitrogen and water utilisation can be achieved if addition of nitrogen fertilizer is balanced with soil water.
Livros sobre o assunto "Crop yield Arid regions Computer simulation"
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1954-, Uhlir P. F., Carter G. C e CODATA Commission on Global Change Data., eds. Crop modeling and related environmental data: A focus on applications for arid and semiarid regions in developing countries. Paris, France: CODATA, 1994.
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