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Teli, Suhrid, Abhijit Saha e Bobilan Debbarma. "Climate Smart Weed Management Practices". Plant Health Archives 1, n.º 1 (20 de abril de 2023): 03–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.54083/pha/1.1.2023/03-04.
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Climate changes are rapidly occurring due to anthropogenic activities. Human activities contribute to global warming by increasing greenhouse gases which are the main factors of extreme climate change. This change increases competition between weeds and crops. Most troublesome weeds are responsive to grow with increasing CO2 gas then crop. Also, high atmospheric temperature helps to reduce uptake of herbicide due to more diffusion and rapidly dry droplets. There is an inevitable need to study how changing climate conditions are affecting crop-weed competition, weed life and herbicide effectiveness in order to create adaptation and mitigation plans for changing climatic scenario. The overall objective of this article is to portray smart weed management approaches under climate change scenario resulting high productivity of crops and more returns for farmers alongwith an effective maintenance of the weeds.
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Scursoni, Julio Alejandro, Alejandra Carolina Duarte Vera, Fernando Hugo Oreja, Betina Claudia Kruk e Elba Beatriz de la Fuente. "Weed management practices in Argentina crops". Weed Technology 33, n.º 03 (junho de 2019): 459–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2019.26.
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AbstractData from surveys are used to help quantitatively diagnose the relative importance of chemical and nonchemical management practices, identify weed problems, and provide potential solutions. However, to our knowledge, such surveys have not been conducted in Argentina. In 2016, advisors and crop producers from cropping areas across Argentina were surveyed through email with the objectives to identify the main weed species problems and assess the use of chemical and nonchemical weed management practices in different crop production areas in Argentina. Fleabane, pigweed, johnsongrass, fingergrass, goosegrass, barnyardgrass, and ryegrass were considered the most important weeds. More than 53% of the producers used only chemical options; 86% used chemical fallow (i.e., keeping weed free with chemical application); 62% used full herbicide rates; 46% used proper herbicide timing; 41% used multiple modes of action; and 32% used rotation of herbicide modes of action. The main nonchemical practices used were crop rotation (45%); avoiding seed production during (31%) and after (25%) the crop cycle; narrow row spacing (19%); and cultivars with greater competitive ability (18%). Less than 15% of the people surveyed used increased crop densities or altered date of sowing. There is a high dependence on chemical control in the main crops grown in Argentina. Extension efforts are needed to emphasize the importance of integrated weed management.
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Stals, J. P., e S. Ferreira. "TRACKING FARM MANAGEMENT PRACTICES WITH REMOTE SENSING". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W2 (16 de novembro de 2017): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w2-197-2017.
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Earth observation (EO) data is effective in monitoring agricultural cropping activity over large areas. An example of such an application is the GeoTerraImage crop type classification for the South African Crop Estimates Committee (CEC). The satellite based classification of crop types in South Africa provides a large scale, spatial and historical record of agricultural practices in the main crop growing areas. The results from these classifications provides data for the analysis of trends over time, in order to extract valuable information that can aid decision making in the agricultural sector. Crop cultivation practices change over time as farmers adapt to demand, exchange rate and new technology. Through the use of remote sensing, grain crop types have been identified at field level since 2008, providing a historical data set of cropping activity for the three most important grain producing provinces of Mpumalanga, Freestate and North West province in South Africa. This historical information allows the analysis of farm management practices to identify changes and trends in crop rotation and irrigation practices. Analysis of crop type classification over time highlighted practices such as: frequency of cultivation of the same crop on a field, intensified cultivation on centre pivot irrigated fields with double cropping of a winter grain followed by a summer grain in the same year and increasing cultivation of certain types of crops over time such as soyabeans. All these practices can be analysed in a quantitative spatial and temporal manner through the use of the remote sensing based crop type classifications.
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Oad, F. C., M. H. Siddiqui, U. A. Buriro e G. S. Solangi. "Weed Management Practices in Cotton Crop". Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 6, n.º 2 (1 de fevereiro de 2007): 344–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2007.344.348.
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Sharma, Amandeep, Mohit Singh, M. K. Rana, Pooja, Ridhima Arya, Nimit Kumar, Abhivyakti, Manmohan Mittal e Pooja Rani. "Paddy Straw Management Practices". Ecology, Environment and Conservation 29, n.º 02 (2023): 885–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i02.057.
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Paddy straw is one of the organic materials and natural residues obtained from the paddy crop. It is the third largest crop remanant obtained from the agriculture after sugarcane bagasse and maize straw. Storage of the surplus paddy straw, removal of entire straw from the field and very little time between the cultivation of the next crop are the major issues associated with paddy straw. Thus, stubble burning is a quickest, cheapest and easiest way to prepare field for the next crop. Burning of paddy straw results in extensive impact on both on and off farm, e.g., killing of useful microflora and fauna of the soil, losses of soil organic matter and contribution to harmful greenhouse gases including their harmful effects on human and animal health. Therefore, paddy straw burning is a major issue of environmental pollution also. Hence, need of the hour is to provide environment friendly alternatives to paddy straw instead of burning in open field. Paddy straw can be used as a source of energy, mulching material, biofuel, industrial raw material, fodder for animals, etc.
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Freebairn, DM, e WC Boughton. "Hydrologic effects of crop residue management practices". Soil Research 23, n.º 1 (1985): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9850023.
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A daily water balance model of catchment behaviour was used with rainfall and runoff data from three 1 ha catchments over the period 1976-1981 inclusive to study the effects of different practices of crop residue management on volumes and peak rates of runoff. The practices studied were stubble burning, stubble incorporation, and stubble mulching. Rainfall and runoff data from the six-year study period were used to calibrate the catchment model to each of the management practices in turn. A 64-year record of daily rainfalls from a nearby meteorological station was used to estimate the long-term effects of the practices on the frequency distributions of runoff. An empirical relationship between peak rates of runoff and daily amounts of runoff was used with the daily water balance model to estimate the effects of the practices on peak rates of runoff. Burning of stubble produced the highest peak rates and amounts of runoff and mulching the lowest.
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Papadopoulos, A. P., J. L. Shipp, W. R. Jarvis, T. J. Jewett e N. D. Clarke. "The Harrow Expert System for Greenhouse Vegetables". HortScience 30, n.º 4 (julho de 1995): 846F—847. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.846f.
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Greenhouse crop production technology is advancing rapidly, and the management of greenhouse crops has become increasingly difficult. Computerized environment and fertigation control of greenhouse crops grown in soilless media offer opportunities for unparalleled manipulation of crop growing conditions. However, the optimization of crop growing conditions for maximum productivity must be practiced with an eye on environmental regulations; worker health concerns; consumer demands for safe food; and ultimately on energy, water, fertilizer, and pesticide use economy. Managing the complex greenhouse cropping system requires a multidisciplinary approach that integrates pest and disease protection strategies with routine cultural practices and environmental and fertigation regimes into a common decision-making process or Integrated Crop Management strategy. This poster describes an Expert System for greenhouse cucumber management based on a general model of Integrated Crop Management for greenhouse crops.
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Papadopoulos, A. P., J. L. Shipp, W. R. Jarvis, T. J. Jewett e N. D. Clarke. "The Harrow Expert System for Greenhouse Vegetables". HortScience 30, n.º 4 (julho de 1995): 846F—847. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.846.
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Greenhouse crop production technology is advancing rapidly, and the management of greenhouse crops has become increasingly difficult. Computerized environment and fertigation control of greenhouse crops grown in soilless media offer opportunities for unparalleled manipulation of crop growing conditions. However, the optimization of crop growing conditions for maximum productivity must be practiced with an eye on environmental regulations; worker health concerns; consumer demands for safe food; and ultimately on energy, water, fertilizer, and pesticide use economy. Managing the complex greenhouse cropping system requires a multidisciplinary approach that integrates pest and disease protection strategies with routine cultural practices and environmental and fertigation regimes into a common decision-making process or Integrated Crop Management strategy. This poster describes an Expert System for greenhouse cucumber management based on a general model of Integrated Crop Management for greenhouse crops.
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Barau, Aliyu Akilu, Md Safiul Islam Afrad, Abdul Halim, GKM Mustafizur Rahman e Md Enamul Haque. "Crop Management Practices in Rural Riverine Islands of Bangladesh". Tropical Small Island Agriculture Management 1, n.º 2 (31 de dezembro de 2021): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/tsiam.2021.1.2.57.
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This study focused on farmers’ crop management practices in selected rural riverine islands (Char lands) of Sariakandi Upazila, Bogura district, Bangladesh. Disproportionate stratified sampling was adopted to select the respondents. The data were elicited using an interview schedule and analyzed via Statistics 10 software. Results revealed that, on average, there was moderate knowledge on crop management practices, and the attitude towards the practices was favorable. But, in deviance from what is habitually obtained on mainland Bangladesh where rice cultivation dominates, jute (35.84%) and chili (28.4%) covered the majority in Char Ghagua and Char Shaluka, respectively. In Char Tengrakura, rice and chili covered a little above half (52.7%) of the crops cultivated by the respondents. In terms of the management practices, the lion’s share (81.7%, 74.7%, and 77.0%) of soil management practices was covered by chemical fertilizers in all the Char lands. Similarly, the use of chemicals dominated when handling pests and diseases. Triple cropping was foremost across the Char lands and had high mean coverage in Char Tengrakura (63.6%). The mean coverage of irrigation water management practices was virtually shallow tube well in the Char lands. Generally, there was moderate knowledge and a positive attitude towards crop management practices. That crop management practices (use synthetic materials and underground water) employed in the Char lands are unsustainable, tending to induce degradation of land and water resources.
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Zhu-Barker, Xia, Mark Easter, Amy Swan, Mary Carlson, Lucas Thompson, William R. Horwath, Keith Paustian e Kerri L. Steenwerth. "Soil Management Practices to Mitigate Nitrous Oxide Emissions and Inform Emission Factors in Arid Irrigated Specialty Crop Systems". Soil Systems 3, n.º 4 (24 de novembro de 2019): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems3040076.
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Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from arid irrigated agricultural soil in California have been predicted to represent 8% of the state’s total GHG emissions. Although specialty crops compose the majority of the state’s crops in both economic value and land area, the portion of GHG emissions contributed by them is still highly uncertain. Current and emerging soil management practices affect the mitigation of those emissions. Herein, we review the scientific literature on the impact of soil management practices in California specialty crop systems on GHG nitrous oxide emissions. As such studies from most major specialty crop systems in California are limited, we focus on two annual and two perennial crops with the most data from the state: tomato, lettuce, wine grapes and almond. Nitrous oxide emission factors were developed and compared to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emission factors, and state-wide emissions for these four crops were calculated for specific soil management practices. Dependent on crop systems and specific management practices, the emission factors developed in this study were either higher, lower or comparable to IPCC emission factors. Uncertainties caused by low gas sampling frequency in these studies were identified and discussed. These uncertainties can be remediated by robust and standardized estimates of nitrous oxide emissions from changes in soil management practices in California specialty crop systems. Promising practices to reduce nitrous oxide emissions and meet crop production goals, pertinent gaps in knowledge on this topic and limitations of this approach are discussed.
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Price, Andrew J., e Jason K. Norsworthy. "Cover Crops for Weed Management in Southern Reduced-Tillage Vegetable Cropping Systems". Weed Technology 27, n.º 1 (março de 2013): 212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-12-00056.1.
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With growing agricultural demands from both conventional and organic systems comes the need for sustainable practices to ensure long-term productivity. Implementation of reduced- or no-till practices offers a number of environmental benefits for agricultural land and maintains adequate yield for current and future production. Concerns over satisfactory pest control options, particularly weed control, have contributed to the slow adoption of conservation practices in many areas. To identify effective alternative weed management options for use in conservation systems, research in the Southeast has continued to evaluate the use of cover crops in conjunction with reduced-tillage practices. A number of cover crop species, including cereal grains, legumes, and Brassicaceae species, that have potential to suppress weeds through direct crop interference or allelopathic potential have been investigated. Many recent research projects in the Midsouth and southeastern United States have assessed the success of cover crops in reduced-tillage row crop settings with promising outcomes in some systems. However, continued research is necessary to identify appropriate cover crop and tillage systems for use in other agricultural settings, such as vegetable crops and organic production systems.
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Usman, Muhammad, e Malik Imran Ahmad. "Parallel mediation model of social capital, learning and the adoption of best crop management practices". China Agricultural Economic Review 10, n.º 4 (5 de novembro de 2018): 589–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-01-2017-0002.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of social capital on the adoption of best crop management practices and testified the mediatory role of learning in the relationship between social capital and the adoption of best crop management practices. Then the authors examined the role of education as the moderator of the interrelations between social capital, learning and the adoption of crop management practices. Design/methodology/approach Based on a survey of 317 small farmers from three districts of Southern Punjab, the authors used structural equation modeling and bootstrapping to test these relationships. Findings The study confirms that bonding social capital and bridging social capital are positively related to the adoption of best crop management practices. Moreover, the authors empirically demonstrate that exploitative and explorative learning act as the parallel mediators between social capital and the adoption of best crop management practices. Practical implications By focusing on building social capital and maintaining meaningful interactions with the social networks, the small farmers can improve their existing methods and practices of managing the existing varieties of crops. Originality/value The extant literature has highlighted, but usually not explored, the imperative interrelations between social capital, learning and the adoption of best crop management practices. The authors provide empirical evidence about these relationships.
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Légère, Anne, Steven J. Shirtliffe, Anne Vanasse e Robert H. Gulden. "Extreme Grain-Based Cropping Systems: When Herbicide-Free Weed Management Meets Conservation Tillage in Northern Climates". Weed Technology 27, n.º 1 (março de 2013): 204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-12-00074.1.
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The challenges associated with the adoption of conservation tillage and/or low-input cropping systems, whether organic or herbicide-free, across Canada are shaped by scale, environment, and local practices. A study in eastern Canada captured the challenges of introducing low-input cropping systems in mature (20+ yr) tillage treatments in a barley/red clover/corn/soybean rotation. Each mature tillage system came with its own weed problems, but this did not affect crops such as barley and red clover, which produced similar yields across high and low input systems. However, some form of primary tillage was needed to achieve adequate weed control and yield in organic (ORG) and herbicide-free (HF) systems. The HF and ORG systems with no-till actually failed to produce a corn crop but produced soybean yields that were half or less than that for other treatments. The successful combination of conservation tillage practices and low-input systems in eastern Canada would thus appear to be crop-specific, being easier to achieve in competitive cereal crops. In western Canadian organic agriculture, tillage is practiced with low-disturbance chisel plows instead of inversion plows. However, green manure crops (summer cover crops) are often terminated with tandem discs. Both roller crimpers and mowing can successfully kill annual green manure crops such as field pea and rye, and usually result in reduced weed growth following termination. However, the lack of tillage can result in lower crop yields in wheat following green manure terminated by roller crimping compared to tillage. Challenges for no-till organic practices include perennial weed control and soil fertility. Overall, flexible crop production programs such as the former Manitoba Pesticide Free Production program and the “Agriculture raisonnéeTM” program in Québec are more likely to promote sustained environmental, economic, and social prosperity than rigid adherence to organic or no-till practices.
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Schellenberg, Daniel, Ronald Morse e Gregory Welbaum. "(166) Weed Suppression and Nitrogen Management of Organic Broccoli". HortScience 41, n.º 4 (julho de 2006): 1033D—1033. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1033d.
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Weed suppression and nitrogen (N) management present the greatest challenges to organic growers. Cover crops, the strategic use of tillage, and multiple nitrogen sources are being investigated in order to develop integrated management practices. Combinations of legume and grass cover crops are being utilized as alternative N sources and as tools for weed suppression. Another objective is to compare conventional and no-till practices to determine when the strategic use of tillage is most beneficial for N management and weed control. The last objective is to evaluate the fate of applied N and N released from cover decomposition on crop development. The best combinations of cover crop species, the frequency and intensity of tillage, and optimum N rates will be determined for the production of organic broccoli. This project will aid growers interested in transitioning to organic farming. In addition, integrated management practices that balance the short-term needs for crop productivity and the long-term interests of sustainable production will be reported.
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Badhai, Sirpat, e Aman Kumar Gupta. "ECOLOGICAL/CULTURAL MEASURES OF WEED MANAGEMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE". JOURNAL OF WASTES AND BIOMASS MANAGEMENT 3, n.º 2 (1 de abril de 2021): 41–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/jwbm.02.2021.41.43.
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The weed is a plant that grows where it is undesired or in its place. Weeds are unwanted plants that are not known to be economically important. Weeds are plants that are unwanted in a given situation and may be dangerous, harmful or economically detrimental. Weeds have serious problems when it comes to agricultural production. It is estimated that weeds generally cause a 25% loss of agricultural production in the least developed countries, a 10% loss in the least developed countries and a 5% loss in most developed countries. Weeds loses are depend upon location, crop and types of soil. The study found that potential yield losses were significant for soybeans (50-76%) and peanuts (45-71%). Largest variability in potential yield losses were observed among locations in case of direct seeded rice (15-66%) & maize (18-65%). In similar cases weeds are reduced 66% yield of Chilly and the loss of N through weeds is about 150 kg per ha. Weeds losses alone in 10 major crops of India viz transplanted rice (13.8%), wheat (18.6%), direct-seeded rice (21.4%), mustard (21.4%), sesame (23.7%), sorghum (25.1%), maize (25.3%), Pearlmillet (27.6%), Greengram (30.8%), soybean (31.4%) and groundnut (35.8%). Weed control practices are extremely important to Indian agricultural production. Many more tools and practices are adopted for crop protection q like crop species, crop variety/cultivars, sowing of crop (time, rate of sowing, row spacing and method), crop rotation, trap and catch crops, cropping practice, irrigation time & method are suitable practices under cultural/ecological measures of weed management. Cropping practices are also known as environmentally responsible weed management practices. Environmentally sound weed management methods are chemical-free and weed management tools-free.
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Takele, E. "EVALUATING INTEGRATED CROP MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON NAVEL ORANGES". HortScience 29, n.º 7 (julho de 1994): 741b—741. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.7.741b.
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I used a multidisciplinary, multiyear experiment to investigate the effect of interactive application of inputs on growth, productivity, and returns of three mature Washington navel oranges [Citrus sinensis (L.) Obseck] grown on rough lemon rootstock. Seventy-two combinations [made up of three levels of irrigation, two levels of fungicides/nematicides (+/-), two levels of miticides (+/-), two levels of growth regulators (+ /-), and three levels of N fertilizer] were investigated. The productivity measures indicated statistically significant interactive effects in some cases and only main effects with others. However, knowledge of significant treatment effects in one or the other productivity parameters would not have provided a complete picture to the end user without the economic analysis. Using a partial budgeting procedure, returns (after costs) were calculated for each treatment combination. Statistical analyses of variance also were performed to test for significant differences of productivity, crop value, and returns among the treatments and interactions. The results indicate that returns after costs were higher for the + fungicide-nematicide treatment and also were high with increased irrigation. However, the various treatments and their significant roles in productivity and returns are discussed. Also, the impact of water cost increases are analyzed.
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Conley, Shawn P., e Judith B. Santini. "Crop Management Practices in Indiana Soybean Production Systems". Crop Management 6, n.º 1 (2007): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/cm-2007-0104-01-rs.
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Bezboruah, Minakshi, Ashoka P, NK Singh, Akansha Yadav, S. Anbarasan, Samborlang K. Wanniang, Amit Kumar Pandey e Ashutosh Singh. "Optimizing crop management practices for sustainable agronomic production". International Journal of Research in Agronomy 7, n.º 6 (1 de junho de 2024): 616–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/2618060x.2024.v7.i6i.938.
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Kumar, Pawan, Masoud Hashemi, Stephen J. Herbert, Emad Jahanzad, Hadi Safari-Katesari, Martin Battaglia, Omid Reza Zandvakili e Amir Sadeghpour. "Integrated Management Practices for Establishing Upland Switchgrass Varieties". Agronomy 11, n.º 7 (13 de julho de 2021): 1400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11071400.
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Establishment of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is challenging, and failure in establishment may expose growers to considerable economic risk. The objectives of this research were to (i) evaluate whether management practices are variety-specific for the establishment of switchgrass and (ii) assess the effectiveness of cover crops as preceding crops on ‘Shawnee’ switchgrass establishment. Therefore, two studies were conducted at the University of Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station in Deerfield, MA, USA, in the 2011–2012 and 2012–2013 growing seasons. In Experiment 1, cover crop treatments (fallow, oat (Avena sativa L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.)) were the main plots, the two seeding methods (no-till drill and a cultipacker seeder (Brillion)) were the sub-plots, and the two varieties (‘Cave-in-Rock’ (CIR) and Shawnee)) were the sub-sub-plots. The second study was conducted using Shawnee switchgrass and involved the three cover crop treatments used in Experiment 1 using a cultipacker seeder with seed firming prior to planting but not afterwards (consistent in both experiments). The results indicated that a combination of oat and no-till resulted in higher tiller density (493%), lower weed biomass (77%), increased switchgrass biomass (SGB) (283%) and SGB to weed biomass (WB) ratio. Compared with Shawnee, CIR planted into a winter-killed oat residue had higher tiller density (93%), lower weed biomass (18%), higher switchgrass yield (128%) and thus a greater SGB:WB ratio (507%). Trends of switchgrass response to management practices, however, were similar between the two varieties, indicating that seed quality rather than management practices could influence switchgrass’s response to management practices. In Experiment 2, Shawnee tiller density was suppressed by rye as the preceding crop, possibly due to late termination of rye. Shawnee switchgrass yields were below 1000 kg ha−1 under all management practices; thus, harvesting should happen in the year following establishment. Future research should focus on comparing no-till drilling with cultipacker seeder with rolling not only before but after seeding to increase seed–soil contact.
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GHOSH, TRIDIV, PRAGATI PRAMANIK MAITY, T. K. DAS, PRAMEELA KRISHNAN, ARTI BHATIA, PRIYA BHATTACHARYA e D. K. SHARMA. "Variation of porosity, pore size distribution and soil physical properties under conservation agriculture". Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 90, n.º 11 (16 de dezembro de 2020): 2051–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v90i11.108558.
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For sustainable crop production and maintenance of soil health, conservation agriculture (CA) practices provides an opportunity for improving soil structure and physical health, nutrient and water use efficiency, soil organic carbon and mitigation of greenhouse gases emission from agriculture. CA is primarily based on four crop management practices such as minimum soil disturbance or no-tillage; permanent or semi-permanent retention of crop residue; crop rotation and control traffic. Different CA management practices affect crop yield as well as soil properties. CA makes necessary modifications in different soil hydro-physical properties, viz. increase in soil water infiltration, reduction in water runoff and soil loss, and reduction in evaporation loss. No tillage (NT), residue retention and crop rotation combined effect the soil organic carbon concentration. Different crop rotations and residue retentions and crops with different rooting depths used in CA practices have proved to reduce the compaction constraints.CA can help to mitigate GHG emissions, viz methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) from agriculture by improving soil C sequestration, enhancing soil quality, nitrogen and water use efficiencies, and decreasing fuel consumption. But effect of CA and conventional agricultural practices of porosity and pore size distribution is very much limited. When CA is practiced for six to ten years there is improvement in soil structure, porosity and pore size distribution, macro-micro faunal activity, and organic matter content..The soil under ZT has the lowest porosity as compared to conventional management practices. The highest porosity and the maximum connected pores are frequently seen in conventionally tilled soil. In this paper, an attempt has been made to review the variation of porosity and pore size distribution and other soil physical properties under conservation agricultural practices.
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McSorley, Robert. "Alternative practices for managing plant-parasitic nematodes". American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 13, n.º 3 (setembro de 1998): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300007761.
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AbstractThe most widely used and successful cultural practices for managing plantparasitic nematodes are resistant cultivars and some elements of cropping systems, such as rotation crops, cover crops, or nematode-antagonistic crops. Exclusion and sanitation practices, such as use of nematode-free planting material, site selection, and weed management, are useful in limiting infestations. Soil solarization, organic amendments, biological control, fallow, flooding, timing of planting dates, or tillage practices may be helpful in some areas, but additional research is needed to optimize their use. Most management methods emphasize reduction of nematode populations, but improvement of crop tolerance to nematodes should not be overlooked. For their successful use, most of these alternative methods require detailed knowledge of nematode and plant biology and ecology, and it may be necessary to integrate several practices for maximum nematode suppression. Although the basic principles of nematode management are generally known, detailed data often are lacking on specific combinations of nematodes and host crop cultivars. Consequently, the availability of such data will likely determine whether nematodes can be managed successfully in a particular situation.
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Poudel, Dikshya, Soniya Bashyal e Bhola Gautam. "A REVIEW ON CULTURAL PRACTICE AS AN EFFECTIVE PEST MANAGEMENT APPROACH UNDER INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT". Tropical Agroecosystems 3, n.º 1 (2022): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/taec.01.2022.34.40.
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Integrated Pest Management is a sustainable and holistic approach based on ecological, biological, physical and chemical tactics for controlling pests in the field that, in any way, minimizes risk towards the health and environment. IPM methods involve identifying and knowing the characters of possible pests, making efforts to prevent prevalence, judgment of severity of pest-disease infestation through scouting and monitoring techniques. This paper highlights some of the already practiced strategies and experiments with interpretation of results obtained in various field conditions suggesting wider implications of IPM for managing pests in our fields. The review collects and studies some of the basic and commonly adopted cultural practices like clean and healthy crop growth, trap crop plantation, crop rotation, crop combinations etc. Cost effectiveness, ease of execution, instantly observable results etc are some unattainable aspects affecting IPM adoptions yet farmers seem somewhat encouraged towards sustainable and healthy production in recent years. It is necessary to know about crop and pest biology, ecology, phenology and their links/interaction to successfully implement cultural practices.
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Nalewaja, John D. "Cultural Practices for Weed Resistance Management". Weed Technology 13, n.º 3 (setembro de 1999): 643–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00046339.
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Cultural practices, such as delayed crop seeding, tillage, black fallow, crop rotation, hand weeding, and competitive crops, when used to replace herbicides, provide an opportunity to reduce the selection pressure that causes weeds to become resistant to herbicides. Herbicides on the other hand reduce the selection pressure that causes weeds to resist cultural practices. Rotation of the two systems should then delay resistance to both systems. Growers consider many factors in addition to weed resistance in selecting herbicide or cultural weed control, from associated convenience to economic potential. Rotation of different types of weed control practices would delay resistance, compared to a continuous single practice. The extent of the delay depends upon genetics of resistance, weed reproduction characteristics, weed seed survival, and fitness of resistant weed plants. An understanding of the basic aspects of weeds and herbicides, as well as their interaction with the environment, would help in predicting the delay in resistance to an herbicide from use of cultural practices in the rotation. A grower's final choice of a weed control practice will involve available equipment, time, markets, and soil erosion in addition to potential weed resistance. Weeds that develop resistance to a control practice still allow for reversion to preresistance practices, an important component of a grower's decision. The rate of resistance development is dependent upon the removal of susceptible genes from the population and fitness of the resistant plants. Resistance might be delayed for many years or be manageable when the resistance is genetically recessive or resistant weeds are poorly fit. Growers may not want to accept alternative cultural practices as long as there is the potential for development of another herbicide or reversion to cultural control after resistance occurs.
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Akpo, M. A., A. Saidou, I. Balogoun, I. Yabi e L. B. Bio Bigou. "Evaluation De La Performance Des Pratiques De Gestion De La Fertilite Des Sols Dans Le Bassin De La Riviere Okpara Au Benin". European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, n.º 33 (30 de novembro de 2016): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n33p370.
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A good management of agricultural land based on scientific knowledge and farmer indigenuous knowledge is necessary to ensure sustainable agricultural production. Our research aims to evaluate the performance of farmers' strategies and improved soil fertility management practices in improving level of crop yields in the basin of the Okpara River in Benin. Surveys using semi-structured questionnaire were conducted from October 11 to November 30, 2015 on a sample of 1048 farmers belonging to socio-cultural groups Tchabè, Mahi, Ditamari, Lokpa, Bariba and Fulani. Informations collected concerned farmers' soil fertility management practices and soil fertility improvement strategies introduced by the extension services. Crop rotation, long term natural fallow, fallow with perennial crops especially cashew trees, cassava "fallow" and cereal and leguminuous intercropping (respectively 91.11; 41.66; 48.53; 54.61 and 86.25% of respondents) are endogenous soil fertility management practices. However, mineral and organic fertilizers (respectively 25.45 and 20.38% of respondents) are improved soil fertility management practices introduced. Generally 42% of respondent mentioned that indigenuous soil fertility management practices could improve only by 25% crop (especially maize) yield level against 98.5% of respondents who mentioned that improved soil fertility management practices could improve by 50% of the crop yield level. Considering the efficiency of these soil fertility management practices our study suggests some issues to be taken into account for better land management in the study area.
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Math, Ganajaxi, Gurupada Balol, T. M. Ashwini e Lalitha Jaggal. "Validation of Integrated Crop Management (ICM) Practices over Farmers’ Practices in Mungbean". International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 7, n.º 11 (10 de novembro de 2018): 547–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.711.065.
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Samson, M. E., S. Menasseri-Aubry, M. H. Chantigny, D. A. Angers, I. Royer e A. Vanasse. "Crop response to soil management practices is driven by interactions among practices, crop species and soil type". Field Crops Research 243 (novembro de 2019): 107623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2019.107623.
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Ghimire, Anup. "REVIEW ON ECOLOGICAL WHITE FLY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN VEGETABLE CROPS". Plant Physiology and Soil Chemistry 3, n.º 2 (8 de maio de 2023): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/ppsc.02.2023.77.81.
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White flies Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a damaging sap-sucking insect pest of ornamental and vegetable crops. It causes yield reduction and crop damage by feeding on both immature and mature plants as well as spreading viral infections. Due to their widespread use throughout the world, synthetic chemical pesticides have a negative influence on human health, the environment, crop yield, and pollinator health. A few species have also evolved resistance to these pesticides. Sustainable and environmentally responsible management techniques are becoming more and more necessary to control whitefly populations as ecological concerns rise. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview and assessment of the effectiveness of various ecological management techniques used in vegetable crops to manage whiteflies. The review includes cultural, physical, and biological techniques as well as preventive and therapeutic treatments. Through altering their life cycle and habitat, cultural methods like crop rotation, intercropping, and trap cropping have showed promise in lowering whitefly populations. Physical controls like reflecting mulch, insect-proof screens, and sticky traps have proven successful in catching adult whiteflies and limiting their population. The employment of natural enemies like parasitoids, predators, and entomopathogenic fungi in biological control strategies has shown to be highly effective in reducing whitefly populations. These techniques reduce detrimental effects on the environment and human health in addition to providing long-term and sustainable management. These methods support environmentally sound and economically successful sustainable agriculture systems by fostering biodiversity, protecting natural enemies, and lowering the use of synthetic pesticides.
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Beckie, Hugh J., Michael B. Ashworth e Ken C. Flower. "Herbicide Resistance Management: Recent Developments and Trends". Plants 8, n.º 6 (8 de junho de 2019): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8060161.
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This review covers recent developments and trends in herbicide-resistant (HR) weed management in agronomic field crops. In countries where input-intensive agriculture is practiced, these developments and trends over the past decade include renewed efforts by the agrichemical industry in herbicide discovery, cultivation of crops with combined (stacked) HR traits, increasing reliance on preemergence vs. postemergence herbicides, breeding for weed-competitive crop cultivars, expansion of harvest weed seed control practices, and advances in site-specific or precision weed management. The unifying framework or strategy underlying these developments and trends is mitigation of viable weed seeds into the soil seed bank and maintaining low weed seed banks to minimize population proliferation, evolution of resistance to additional herbicidal sites of action, and spread. A key question going forward is: how much weed control is enough to consistently achieve the goal of low weed seed banks? The vision for future HR weed management programs must be sustained crop production and profitability with reduced herbicide (particularly glyphosate) dependency.
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Liu, Jian, e David A. Lobb. "An Overview of Crop and Crop Residue Management Impacts on Crop Water Use and Runoff in the Canadian Prairies". Water 13, n.º 20 (19 de outubro de 2021): 2929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13202929.
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Although crop and crop residue management practices are mainly used for increasing crop yield, they and the resulting changes in crop growth affect one or more hydrological components, including runoff. Based on published research in the Canadian Prairies, this paper reviews the effects of crop type, quantity of crops and crop residues, crop variability within landscapes, tillage, and stubble management practices on crop water use (termed including evaporation, transpiration and interception), snow trapping, and water infiltration, with the aim to discuss major impacts of crop and residue management on runoff. Rainfall runoff is influenced by rain interception and crop water use, and it can be reduced by choosing appropriate crop types, increasing above-ground biomass, or increasing coverage on the soil surface, activities which coincide with the farmer’s efforts of increasing crop productivity. However, although high stubble and reduced tillage for maintaining good residue cover help conserve soil moisture and improve soil health, they increase snowmelt runoff potential. The review emphasizes the need of future research to assess the agronomic and environmental trade-offs of crop residue management, the linkage between crop water use and runoff, and the impacts of crop and residue management on runoff across various temporal and spatial scales.
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Mohapatra, Atisha, Milan Mahapatra, Ujjwal Naik, Somanath Routray, Saurav Barman e Praveen Boddana. "Weed management in organic farming". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 17, n.º 2 (15 de junho de 2021): 712–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijas/17.2/712-718.
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The enhancing requirement for organic products seeks at resolving difficulties of organic production systems. Primary hindrance for this production system is weed management. The base of weed control in organic farming is cultivation. Organic farmers implement eco-friendly management practices against less efficiency products, uncertain weather conditions, cost, potential hazard to soil health. System level practices that include crop rotation and cover cropping mostly recognized as weed management weapons. Somehow weed control should be implemented with proper knowledge of weed biology and these operations may get less profit or even enlarged weed population. Organic farmers embrace new management systems to enhance the outcome of pre-existing practices. Invention of modern cultivation tools leads to improved efficiency, faster and better working rate shows good result in control of weeds. Eco-friendly management practiced with the support of these tools centralize on reducing weed, increasing crop-weed interference will produce reliable weed management systems for organic farming.
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Beckie, Hugh J. "Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: Management Tactics and Practices". Weed Technology 20, n.º 3 (setembro de 2006): 793–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-05-084r1.1.
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In input-intensive cropping systems around the world, farmers rarely proactively manage weeds to prevent or delay the selection for herbicide resistance. Farmers usually increase the adoption of integrated weed management practices only after herbicide resistance has evolved, although herbicides continue to be the dominant method of weed control. Intergroup herbicide resistance in various weed species has been the main impetus for changes in management practices and adoption of cropping systems that reduce selection for resistance. The effectiveness and adoption of herbicide and nonherbicide tactics and practices for the proactive and reactive management of herbicide-resistant (HR) weeds are reviewed. Herbicide tactics include sequences and rotations, mixtures, application rates, site-specific application, and use of HR crops. Nonherbicide weed-management practices or nonselective herbicides applied preplant or in crop, integrated with less-frequent selective herbicide use in diversified cropping systems, have mitigated the evolution, spread, and economic impact of HR weeds.
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Legese, Kabeta, e Afework Bekele. "Farmers’ Perceptions of Rodents’ Damage and Management Practices in Wenchi Highlands, Central Ethiopia". International Journal of Zoology 2023 (23 de novembro de 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6683791.
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Local perceptions about rodents and the damage they cause and management practices are the first step to design and implement rodent control programs. A study was conducted to obtain information about the perceptions and practices of farmers in Wenchi highlands on rodent damage and their management practices in the late-2020 and early 2021. Farmers (n = 383) from four highland villages of Wenchi district were randomly selected and interviewed using a semistructured questionnaire. Rodents were identified as major pests and perceived negatively among farmers. Arvicanthis abyssinicus (Rüppell), Mastomys natalensis (Smith), Mastomys awashensis (Lavrenchenko, Likhnova & Baskevich), Hystrix cristata L., and Tachyoryctes splendens (Rüppell) were the potential rodent pest species in the study area. There were significant variations in the type of damage (χ2 = 112.698, df = 3, P < 0.05 ) and crop type susceptibility to rodent pest attack (χ2 = 143.26, df = 3, P < 0.05 ). Crop damage (38.7%) and damage to human properties (27.9%) were the two dominant rodent-related problems in the area. Barley was the most susceptible crop to rodent attack (57.5%). The occurrence frequency of rodent pests and crop damage between the cropping stages also varied significantly. Most damage to barley crops (42.5%) occurred during the maturation stage. Farmers assessed rodent damage by observing damaged seeds, damaged stores, and rodent droppings in the storage and stem cuts of standing crops in the crop fields. The farmers stated that managing rodents in barley crop fields is practically impossible. In storage, farmers mainly use cats (53.73%) and trapping (22.64%) to control rodents. Detailed on-field rodent damage assessment and community education for rodent management are recommended.
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Prashanth Kumar A. e Murali V. "A Review on Soil and Phytomicrobiome for Plant Disease Management". International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, n.º 10 (11 de setembro de 2023): 2890–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i102955.
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Pests and pathogens significantly reduce crop yields and cost the global economy USD 540 billion annually. The phytomicrobiome is becoming a cornerstone of a comprehensive rethink of agricultural management practices, with microbiome-assisted plant breeding focusing on three principles: minimal soil disturbance, continuous soil cover with crops, cover crops, or a mulch of crop residues, and crop rotation. Plant diseases, phytomicrobiomes, and agricultural practices can all affect plant health. Conservational agricultural practices like minimum tillage and no-tillage have been implemented to reduce anthropogenic activity and preserve microbial diversity. Mulching is a common practice in agriculture to stop moisture loss, maintain soil temperature, control weed growth, and stop soil erosion. Monoculture farming is the practice of cultivating a single crop continuously over several growing seasons on the same field. Intercropping systems encourage the growth of beneficial fungi, such as mycorrhiza, endophytes, saprophytes, decomposers, and bioprotective fungi, and can benefit forest ecosystems by creating disease-suppressive soils. By combining conservation tillage and crop rotation, farmers can reduce disease pressure by disrupting the life cycles of soil-borne pathogens linked to particular crops or genotypes. Composed manure and plant residues can control plant pathogens like Pythium, but the effect is thought to be due to microbial competition or plant host resistance. Green manure can control plant diseases brought on by pathogens in Rhizoctonia, Verticillium, Sclerotinia, Phythophthora, Pythium, Aphanomyces, and Macrophomina, but manure-derived fertilizers may contain antibiotic resistance genes and mobilomes, which could pose risks to both human and animal health. Climate change impacts crop yields by reducing crop physiology and productivity, increasing pathogen diversity, and affecting pathogen genetic traits and speciation. The state of the environment and the availability of suitable hosts significantly impact the ability of these pathogens to survive and spread. However, PGPRs are unpredictable and soil warming can interfere with their effectiveness. Interdisciplinary collaborations between plant biologists, microbiologists, climatologists, and agronomists are required to create effective strategies to reduce the effects of climate change on plant health, crop production, and ecosystem stability.
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Gyawali, Amita, Rita Bhandari, Pravin Budhathoki e Sangam Bhattrai. "A REVIEW ON EFFECT OF WEEDS IN WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) AND THEIR MANAGEMENT PRACTICES". Food and Agri Economics Review 2, n.º 2 (2022): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/faer.02.2022.48.54.
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Wheat is the second most important cereal crop in the world. It has a vital role in the human diet globally, contributing to the daily calorie and protein intake than any other cereal crops. The productivity of wheat is low because of different biotic and abiotic factors. Weeds are one of the most important competitors of wheat crop. Understanding the nature of weeds is important to develop techniques to reduce their effects on the crops. Weeds, through competition with other crops, almost always have a deleterious effect on them and may be economically and environmentally detrimental. For world food sustainability controlling the weed-induced yield losses in the wheat is of prime importance because the weeds compete with the crop and also possess deleterious effects. There are various weed species that occur in the wheat crop field and they possess effects on the growth phases of wheat. Allelopathic effects of weeds on the germination, growth and yields on the crops are recorded. The variation in the vegetative traits such as the number of fertile tillers, spike length, grains/spike due to weeds is reflected ultimately in grain yield and quality. Both broad leaf weeds and narrow leaf weeds infest the wheat crop causing a 13.1% reduction in total grain yield globally. Although tillage operations and herbicides use have played an important role in weed control, but their indiscriminate use has resulted in unacceptable consequences on humans as well as vital ecosystems along with the evolution of herbicides resistance genotypes. Through a combination of integrated weed management approaches the crop competitiveness against the weed can be increased which results in the reduction of the weed-induced yield losses in wheat. The main purpose of this study is to review the competition of weeds in wheat crops as well as its effects on wheat growth and yield components. It also highlights the management strategies which could minimize the inhibitory effect of weeds on wheat crops.
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Peterson, Heidi, e Tom Bruulsema. "Sustainable Phosphorus Management: Defining 4R Practices". Better Crops with Plant Food 103, n.º 1 (11 de março de 2019): 54–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24047/bc103154.
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Sustainability assurance programs seek clear definitions of 4R phosphorus practices that support continued improvement in both water quality and crop yields. Increasing phosphorus use efficiency is not enough. Site-specific practices addressing region-specific challenges are required.
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Koledoye, G. F., I. Ibidapo, O. F. Deji e R. A. Adepoju. "Gender assessment of arable crop farmers in soil management practices in Osun State, Nigeria". Journal of Agricultural Science and Applications 02, n.º 04 (24 de dezembro de 2013): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14511/jasa.2013.020404.
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R. P. S. Shaktawat, R. P. S. Shaktawat, H. P. Singh H. P. Singh, Durga Singh e S. P. S. Somvanshi S. P. S. Somvanshi. "Front Line Demonstrations of Different Crop Management Practices in Malwa Region of Madhya Pradesh". Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, n.º 10 (1 de outubro de 2011): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/oct2013/2.
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Ngongo, Yohanis, Tony Basuki, Bernard deRosari, Evert Y. Hosang, Jacob Nulik, Helena daSilva, Debora Kana Hau et al. "Local Wisdom of West Timorese Farmers in Land Management". Sustainability 14, n.º 10 (16 de maio de 2022): 6023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14106023.
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This paper’s working hypothesis is that the indigenous farming practices of Timorese farmers are those most suitable and adaptable with regard to these farmers’ circumstances. Intensive farming and the acceleration of land conversion in Java lead to a reduction in favorable cropland and the degradation of soil biology. To meet the demand for food production, unfavorable areas outside Java, including marginal semi-arid areas on Timor Island, East Nusa Tenggara province, have become an important option. Unfortunately, the national crop production policy has paid less attention to the specific biophysical characteristics of the region and how local people have adapted to the diverse marginal environment. We review the literature in the areas of soil nutrition retention and soil biology, vegetation/crop diversity, and farming practices/management, including local wisdom on soil management. This paper highlights that the values of the chemical parameters of the soils in question are varied, but generally range from low to high. The existence of beneficial micro-organisms is important both for improving soil fertility and due to their association with local vegetation/crops. Traditional farming practices, such as the local agroforestry of Mamar, have effectively preserved the existence of micro-organisms that promote conservation practices, crop/vegetation diversity, and sustainable agriculture. We recommend that the expansion of croplands and crop production into marginal semi-arid areas needs to be considered and adapted while taking into consideration sustainability and environmentally sound traditional practices.
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Pereira, J. L., M. C. Picanço, E. J. G. Pereira, A. A. Silva, A. Jakelaitis, R. R. Pereira e V. M. Xavier. "Influence of crop management practices on bean foliage arthropods". Bulletin of Entomological Research 100, n.º 6 (27 de maio de 2010): 679–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485310000039.
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AbstractCrop management practices can affect the population of phytophagous pest species and beneficial arthropods with consequences for integrated pest management. In this study, we determined the effect of no-tillage and crop residue management on the arthropod community associated with the canopy of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Abundance and species composition of herbivorous, detritivorous, predaceous and parasitoid arthropods were recorded during the growing seasons of 2003 and 2004 in Coimbra County, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Arthropod diversity and guild composition were similar among crop management systems, but their abundance was higher under no-tillage relative to conventional cultivation and where residues from the preceding crop were maintained in the field. Thirty-four arthropod species were recorded, and those most representative of the impact of the crop management practices were Hypogastrura springtails, Empoasca kraemeri and Circulifer leafhoppers, and Solenopsis ants. The infestation levels of major insect-pests, especially leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), was on average seven-fold lower under no-tillage with retention of crop residues relative to the conventional system with removal of residues, whereas the abundance of predatory ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and springtails (Collembola: Hypogastruridae) were, respectively, about seven- and 15-fold higher in that treatment. Importantly, a significant trophic interaction among crop residues, detritivores, predators and herbivores was observed. Plots managed with no-tillage and retention of crop residues had the highest bean yield, while those with conventional cultivation and removal of the crop residues yielded significantly less beans. This research shows that cropping systems that include zero tillage and crop residue retention can reduce infestation by foliar insect-pests and increase abundance of predators and detritivores, thus having direct consequences for insect pest management.
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Zinati, Gladis M. "Transition from Conventional to Organic Farming Systems: I. Challenges, Recommendations, and Guidelines for Pest Management". HortTechnology 12, n.º 4 (janeiro de 2002): 606–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.12.4.606.
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Conventional agricultural systems increase per-area food production, but deplete natural resources and degrade both crop and environmental quality. Many of these concerns are addressed by sustainable agricultural systems, integrated pest management, biocontrol, and other alternative systems. Environmental and social concerns have escalated the need for alternative agricultural systems in the last decade. One alternative, the organic farming system, substitutes cultural and biological inputs for synthetically made fertilizers and chemicals for crop nutrition and pest management. Practices used for crop and pest management are similar during transition from conventional to organic farming systems, but produce is not certified to be organic during the transition period. During the transition from conventional to organic farming, growers may face pest control difficulties and lower yields when conventional practices are abandoned. The objectives of this paper are to 1) give an overview of the reasons for converting to organic farming and the challenges that growers face during the transition period, 2) outline some potential strategies for crop, soil, and pest management, and 3) list guidelines and recommendations for pest management during the transition to organic farming. Implementation of crop and pest management practices depends on geographical location, climate, available onsite resources, and history of the land. During transition, growers rely on cultural mechanisms and on organic and mineral sources to improve soil fertility, to build a population of natural enemies to suppress pest populations. Pest management practices during the transition period that reduce pest populations to economically manageable levels include crop rotation, cultivation, cover crops, mulches, crop diversification, resistant varieties, and insect traps. These practices also enrich the soil biota and increase crop yields before produce is certified organically grown.
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CHOUDHARY, ANIL K., VARATHARAJAN T, ROHULLAH ROHULLAH, R. S. BANA, V. POONIYA, A. DASS, ABHISHEK KUMAR e HARISH M. N. "Integrated crop management technology for enhanced productivity, resource-use efficiency and soil health in legumes – A review". Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 90, n.º 10 (4 de dezembro de 2020): 1839–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v90i10.107882.
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Under impeding production–and resource–vulnerabilities in India, our approach to agriculture needs to be redefined with inclination towards climate resilient integrated crop and resource management (ICRM) having low risk vulnerability, high factor productivity and sustained farm profitability with safe food and environmental quality. In above context, integrated crop management (ICM) practices hold great potential which take into account economic, social and environment sustainability. In irrigated agro-ecosystem of Indo-Gangetic Plains Region (IGPR), continuous cultivation of rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS) with intensive input use has caused a serious threat to agricultural sustainability with numerous production constraints. In order to diversify the IGPR production systems, pulses and other legumes like soybean and pigeonpea etc. hold great promises. Thus, legume-based cropping systems coupled with ICM practices may bring overall sustainability in IGPR. As per FAO, ICM is a recent concept in agriculture. ICM practices are the integrated technology package of appropriate site-specific crop management, integrated nutrient management, crop residue recycling, tillage management, water management, crop diversification/legume intervention, varietal selection, crop protection, energy saving and post-harvest management. Overall, this review paper highlights sufficient research findings which establish the superiority of ICM practices; in addition, it invokes for further strengthening of this research area for improving agricultural productivity, resource use efficiency and soil health with special reference to legume crops.
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Buhler, Douglas D., Robert G. Hartzler e Frank Forcella. "Implications of weed seedbank dynamics to weed management". Weed Science 45, n.º 3 (junho de 1997): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500092948.
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The species composition and density of weed seed in the soil vary greatly and are closely linked to the cropping history of the land. Altering tillage practices changes weed seed depth in the soil, which plays a role in weed species shifts and affects efficacy of control practices. Crop rotation and weed control practices also affect the weed seedbank. Information on the influence of cropping practices on the weed seedbank should be a useful tool for integrated weed management. Decision aid models use information on the weed seedbank to estimate weed populations, crop yield loss, and recommend weed control tactics. Understanding the light requirements of weed seed may provide new approaches to weed management. Improving and applying our understanding of weed seedbank dynamics is essential to developing improved weed management systems. The principles of plant ecology must be integrated with the science of weed management to develop strategies that take advantage of basic plant responses in weed management systems for agronomic crops.
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Arnold, Joshua Earl. "Biological Control Services from Parasitic Hymenoptera in Urban Agriculture". Insects 13, n.º 5 (17 de maio de 2022): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13050467.
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Urban agriculture is practiced in spatially fragmented landscapes with unique characteristics that can impact species occurrence in time and space. As a result, biological control services, an ecosystem service from naturally occurring arthropod natural enemies, can be negatively impacted. Many urban farms forgo pesticides and utilize agroecological pest-management strategies that rely on natural enemies to help regulate pest populations. Understanding how these enemies are affected by landscape composition and on-farm management practices is critical to understanding agroecological pest management in UA and furthering our understanding of landscape-mediated population dynamics. Over two growing seasons, we sampled brassica crops in urban agriculture sites occurring on a spectrum of surrounding landscape imperviousness, spatial composition, size, and management practices to better understand parasitic Hymenoptera abundance, richness, and parasitism rates on the common cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae). We found that on-farm agroecological pest-management practices such as mulch coverage, floral richness, and overall crop-plant richness impacted parasitic Hymenoptera abundance. Larger proportions of on-farm noncrop area increased parasitoid abundance on urban farms. Aphid parasitism increased in relation to on-farm management practices, including increased crop-plant richness. These findings add to a growing understanding of urban agroecosystem function and support the enemies hypothesis in urban agroecosystems.
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Sainju, Upendra M., Wayne F. Whitehead e Bharat P. Singh. "Agricultural Management Practices to Sustain Crop Yields and Improve Soil and Environmental Qualities". Scientific World JOURNAL 3 (2003): 768–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2003.62.
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In the past several decades, agricultural management practices consisting of intensive tillage and high rate of fertilization to improve crop yields have resulted in the degradation of soil and environmental qualities by increasing erosion and nutrient leaching in the groundwater and releasing greenhouses gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O), that cause global warming in the atmosphere by oxidation of soil organic matter. Consequently, management practices that sustain crop yields and improve soil and environmental qualities are needed. This paper reviews the findings of the effects of tillage practices, cover crops, and nitrogen (N) fertilization rates on crop yields, soil organic carbon (C) and N concentrations, and nitrate (NO3)-N leaching from the soil. Studies indicate that conservation tillage, such as no-till or reduced till, can increase soil organic C and N concentrations at 0- to 20-cm depth by as much as 7–17% in 8 years compared with conventional tillage without significantly altering crop yields. Similarly, cover cropping and 80–180 kg N ha–1year–1fertilization can increase soil organic C and N concentrations by as much as 4–12% compared with no cover cropping or N fertilization by increasing plant biomass and amount of C and N inputs to the soil. Reduced till, cover cropping, and decreased rate of N fertilization can reduce soil N leaching compared with conventional till, no cover cropping, and full rate of N fertilization. Management practices consisting of combinations of conservation tillage, mixture of legume and nonlegume cover crops, and reduced rate of N fertilization have the potentials for sustaining crop yields, increasing soil C and N storage, and reducing soil N leaching, thereby helping to improve soil and water qualities. Economical and social analyses of such practices are needed to find whether they are cost effective and acceptable to the farmers.
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Jani, Vikas, e Suvarna Namdeo. "Effect of weed management practices on moong crop yield". International Journal of Chemical Studies 9, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2021): 1751–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/chemi.2021.v9.i1y.11479.
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McNairn, H., D. Wood, Q. H. J. Gwyn, R. J. Brown e F. Charbonneau. "Mapping Tillage and Crop Residue Management Practices with RADARSAT". Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing 24, n.º 1 (março de 1998): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07038992.1998.10874688.
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Mohamed, M. A., J. J. Steiner, S. D. Wright, M. S. Bhangoo e D. E. Millhouse. "Intensive Crop Management Practices on Wheat Yield and Quality". Agronomy Journal 82, n.º 4 (julho de 1990): 701–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj1990.00021962008200040011x.
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Mehmood, Tariq, Khalid Mahmood Khokhar e Muhammad Shakeel. "Integrated weed management practices in garlic crop in Pakistan". Crop Protection 26, n.º 7 (julho de 2007): 1031–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2006.09.013.
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Richards, R. A. "Improving Crop Production on Salt-affected Soils: by Breeding or Management?" Experimental Agriculture 31, n.º 4 (outubro de 1995): 395–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700026399.
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SUMMARYThe area of salt-affected land is increasing because of irrigation practices and changed land use. Breeding crops that tolerate soil salinity and yield well in salt-affected soils, and employing crop management practices to counter salinity, have been proposed to maintain crop productivity. Here, it is argued that neither breeding nor management will adequately counter the effects of salinity. Although both offer the potential to maintain yields for a brief period, it is inevitable that salinity will continue to increase and crop productivity will decline. Only the establishment of a perennial vegetation that will maintain evapotranspiration at high levels all year round on both salt-affected land and recharge areas will halt the increase in salinization.Mejorar la producción en los suelos afectados por la sal
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Chen, Liang, Hao Xie, Guiliang Wang, limin Yuan, Xiaoqin Qian, Weilu Wang, Yunji Xu et al. "Reducing environmental risk by improving crop management practices at high crop yield levels". Field Crops Research 265 (maio de 2021): 108123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108123.
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