Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Crispim e S"

A participação social nas políticas públicas tornou-se um dos princípios organizativos diante das falhas no seu planejamento para o desenvolvimento local. Avaliou-se a atuação da comunidade local no processo de consolidação das políticas para o desenvolvimento socioeconômico e, a garantia dos padrões ambientais nas praias do Crispim (Marapanim), Atalaia (Salinópolis) e Ajuruteua (Bragança), no Estado do Pará, Brasil por meio de entrevista com membros dos órgãos federais, estaduais, municipais, associações comunitárias e de classe. Os resultados mostraram que o Projeto Orla é a principal política pública para o desenvolvimento socioeconômico e para manter os padrões ambientais. A mobilização comunitária é o principal resultado dessa atuação. O conflito e divergências de interesses dificultam a atuação dos próprios comunitários. A sazonalidade turística é a principal mudança relacionada ao tempo meteorológico. Conclui-se que a ausência da participação social causa o mau direcionamento das políticas públicas. Local community action in the development of public policies socioeconomic and environmental A B S T R A C TSocial participation in public policy has become one of the organizing principles in the face of failures in its planning for local development. We evaluated the performance of local community in the political consolidation process for socio-economic development and ensuring environmental standards in Crispim beaches (Marapanim), Atalaia (Salinópolis) and Ajuruteua (Bragança), in the state of Pará, Brazil trough interviews with members of the federal, state, municipal, community and professional associations. The results demonstrate that the Orla Project is the main public policy for socio-economic development and to maintain environmental standards. Community mobilization is the main result of this action. The conflict and differences of interest hampers the performance of the community themselves. It was concluded that the absence of social participation causes misdirection of public policy.Keywords: Social participation; Planning; Local development.

AbstractSitophilus zeamais is a key pest of stored grains. Its control is made, usually, using synthetic insecticides, despite their negative impacts. Botanical insecticides with fumigant/repellent properties may offer an alternative solution. This work describes the effects of Anethum graveolens, Petroselinum crispum, Foeniculum vulgare and Cuminum cyminum essential oils (EOs) and (S)-carvone, cuminaldehyde, estragole and (+)-fenchone towards adults of S. zeamais. Acute toxicity was assessed by fumigation and topical application. Repellence was evaluated by an area preference bioassay and two-choice test, using maize grains. LC50 determined by fumigation ranged from 51.8 to 535.8 mg L−1 air, with (S)-carvone being the most active. LD50 values for topical applications varied from 23 to 128 µg per adult for (S)-carvone > cuminaldehyde > A. graveolens > C. cyminum > P. crispum. All EOs/standard compounds reduced significantly the percentage of insects attracted to maize grains (65–80%) in the two-choice repellence test, whereas in the area preference bioassay RD50 varied from 1.4 to 45.2 µg cm−2, with cuminaldehyde, (S)-carvone and estragole being strongly repellents. Petroselinum crispum EO and cuminaldehyde affected the nutritional parameters relative growth rate, efficiency conversion index of ingested food and antifeeding effect, displaying antinutritional effects toward S. zeamais. In addition, P. crispum and C. cyminum EOs, as well as cuminaldehyde, showed the highest acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity in vitro (IC50 = 185, 235 and 214.5 µg mL−1, respectively). EOs/standard compounds exhibited acute toxicity, and some treatments showed antinutritional effects towards S. zeamais. Therefore, the tested plant products might be good candidates to be considered to prevent damages caused by this pest.

In ongoing screening research for edible plants, Petroselinum crispum essential oil was considered as a potential bioinsecticide with proven antimosquito activity against both the pyrethroid susceptible and resistant strains of Aedes aegypti. Due to the comparative mosquitocidal efficacy on these mosquitoes, this plant essential oil is promoted as an attractive candidate for further study in monitoring resistance of mosquito vectors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of P. crispum essential oil on the biochemical characteristics of the target mosquito larvae of Ae. aegypti, by determining quantitative changes of key enzymes responsible for xenobiotic detoxification, including glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), α- and β-esterases (α-/β-ESTs), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), acid and alkaline phosphatases (ACP and ALP) and mixed-function oxidases (MFO). Three populations of Ae. aegypti, comprising the pyrethroid susceptible Muang Chiang Mai-susceptible (MCM-S) strain and the pyrethroid resistant Pang Mai Dang-resistant (PMD-R) and Upakut-resistant (UPK-R) strains, were used as test organisms. Biochemical study of Ae. aegypti larvae prior to treatment with P. crispum essential oil revealed that apart from AChE, the baseline activity of most defensive enzymes, such as GSTs, α-/β-ESTs, ACP, ALP and MFO, in resistant UPK-R or PMD-R, was higher than that determined in susceptible MCM-S. However, after 24-h exposure to P. crispum essential oil, the pyrethroid susceptible and resistant Ae. aegypti showed similarity in biochemical features, with alterations of enzyme activity in the treated larvae, as compared to the controls. An increase in the activity levels of GSTs, α-/β-ESTs, ACP and ALP was recorded in all strains of P. crispum oil-treated Ae. aegypti larvae, whereas MFO and AChE activity in these mosquitoes was decreased. The recognizable larvicidal capability on pyrethroid resistant Ae. aegypti, and the inhibitory effect on AChE and MFO, emphasized the potential of P. crispum essential oil as an attractive alternative application for management of mosquito resistance in current and future control programs.

Editorial – Revista Ambiente Contábil – Volume 12 – Número 2 – Ano 2020 (Jul./Dez 2020) A Revista Ambiente Contábil (Ambiente) apresenta na sua 24ª edição 15 (quinze) artigos que tratam de assuntos relevantes para a área contábil; 01 (um) caso de ensino; 01 (uma) resenha de livro, 01 (um) banco de dados brutos de pesquisa e 09 (nove) artigos no idioma inglês. Seção 1: Contabilidade Aplicada ao Setor Empresarial Artigo 1 - Análise do disclosure das provisões e dos passivos contingentes: um estudo de caso das empresas aéreas listadas na B3 em relação aderência ao CPC 25 de Renata Bissi de Oliveira, Augusto César Oliveira Camelo, Franciele do Prado Daciê e Marcielle Anzilago com o objetivo de analisar o disclosure nas demonstrações financeiras das empresas Azul Linhas Aéreas Brasileiras S. A., Gol Linhas Aéreas Inteligentes S. A. e Latam Airlines Group S. A. a partir do enfoque teórico e normativo do CPC 25, no período de 2013 a 2018. Artigo 2 - Avaliação comparativa, por país, da situação econômico-financeira de bancos islâmicos de Tariq Jarbou e Jorge Katsumi Niyama com o objetivo de promover uma avaliação comparativa por país da situação econômico-financeira de bancos islâmicos. Artigo 3 - Uma análise da adesão de organizações brasileiras à GRI como método de divulgação de informações de responsabilidade social corporativa de Vicente Lima Crisóstomo, Hyane Correia Forte e Priscila de Azevedo Prudêncio com o objetivo de analisar a evolução da adesão à GRI e a qualidade dos relatórios de RSC divulgados por organizações brasileiras. Artigo 4 - Distribuição dos profissionais de contabilidade nas microrregiões brasileiras: uma análise econométrica-espacial de Francine Aparecida dos Santos Zenatta e Willian Boschetti Adamczyk com o objetivo de identificar os fatores socioeconômicos que influenciam a distribuição espacial dos profissionais de contabilidade nas microrregiões brasileiras. Artigo 5 - Retorno dos bancos públicos federais versus custo de oportunidade dos recursos investidos pelo Tesouro Nacional de Cristiano Rocha Campos, José Alves Dantas e Carlos André de Melo Alves com o objetivo de avaliar se os retornos auferidos pelos bancos públicos federais remuneram o Tesouro Nacional em proporção suficiente ou não para cobrir o custo de oportunidade do capital investido pelo governo Federal, definida como a taxa básica de juros da economia, a Selic. Artigo 6 - Determinantes do reconhecimento da perda pelo impaiment test de Karla Roberta Castro Pinheiro Alves e César Augusto Tibúrcio Silva com o objetivo de verificar quais determinantes influenciam no reconhecimento da perda por Impairment Test (IT) nas empresas brasileiras listadas na B3. Seção 2: Contabilidade Aplicada ao Setor Público e ao Terceiro Setor Artigo 1 - Diamante da fraude: evidências empíricas nos relatórios de demandas externas do Ministério da Transparência e Controladoria Geral da União (CGU) dos municípios brasileiros de Ana Luiza Pedrosa Paschoal, Nálbia de Araújo Santos e Walmer Faroni com o objetivo de identificar o perfil das evidências encontradas pelos auditores e das justificativas manifestadas pelo gestor classificadas com base na estrutura conceitual do Diamante da Fraude. Artigo 2 - Transparência da prestação de contas dos gastos públicos nos governos municipais: um estudo de caso no Estado de Goiás de Celma Duque Ferreira, Gilberto Crispim da Silva, Fabrícia Silva da Rosa e Luiz Alberton com o objetivo de identificar os municípios goianos que cumprem os dispositivos legais da Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal (LRF), quanto a transparência das prestações de contas da gestão pública no período de janeiro de 2010 a dezembro de 2018. Artigo 3 - Comportamento das despesas orçamentárias durante o período eleitoral: uma análise em painel de dados nos municípios brasileiros de Gilberto Crispim da Silva, Luiz Alberton, Celma Duque Ferreira e Jorge Expedito de Gusmão Lopes com o objetivo de investigar o comportamento das despesas empenhadas, dos gastos com investimentos e captação de empréstimos em período eleitoral, nos municípios brasileiros com população igual ou superior a 50 mil habitantes, no período de 2000-2016, compreendendo 353 clusters e 6001 observações. Investigou-se também se esses municípios cumprem as exigências legais sobre o uso de recursos orçamentários em ano de eleição. Artigo 4 - O gasto e as fontes do financiamento do SUS nos municípios brasileiros de 2003 a 2018 de Jaime Crozatti, Albires Ferreira de Lima Junior, Leandro Nascimento Lima, Luana Lima de Oliveira e Patricia Righetto com o objetivo de identificar e descrever as fontes de financiamento da função saúde e os gastos empenhados na atenção básica e na atenção hospitalar dos municípios brasileiros no período de 2003 a 2018. Artigo 5 - Gestão pública e transparente à luz da lei de responsabilidade fiscal: uma análise nos municípios da região CRAJUBAR no período de 2012 a 2015 de Antônio Rafael Valério de Oliveira, Bruno Rodrigues Cabral e Milton Jarbas Rodrigues Chagas com o objetivo de verificar nos portais eletrônicos dos municípios do Crato, Juazeiro do Norte e Barbalha (CRAJUBAR), as informações divulgadas acerca da gestão pública em atendimento à lei de responsabilidade fiscal, lei complementar 131/2009 e ao Decreto nº 7185/2010. Artigo 6 - Evidenciação contábil dos recursos auferidos pelas OSCIPs do nordeste brasileiro: um enfoque nas subvenções e assistências governamentais de Milton Jarbas Rodrigues Chagas, Danival Sousa Cavalcante, Silvana Karina de Melo Travassos, Suelem Katherinne de Macedo Pinto e Polyandra Zampiere Pessoa da Silva com o objetivo de analisar o nível de evidenciação das principais fontes de recursos das Organizações da Sociedade Civil de Interesse Público (OSCIPs) situadas na região Nordeste do Brasil, enfocando as subvenções e assistências governamentais, uma vez que estas devem seguir normas, tais como o pronunciamento CPC 07 (R1) e a norma contábil NBC TG 07 (R2). Seção 3: Pesquisas de Campo sobre Contabilidade (Survey) Artigo 1 - Expectativa dos concluintes de ciências contábeis em relação ao mercado de trabalho de Glauciane Costa Silva e de Cleber Augusto Pereira com o objetivo de verificar as expectativas dos alunos concluintes de uma universidade pública no sudoeste do Maranhão em relação ao mercado de trabalho, suas visões sobre as exigências do mercado, as habilidades e as competências exigidas na atuação profissional. Artigo 2 - Tratamento e análise de resíduos da produção de açaí: um estudo sob a ótica da ecoeficiência de Márcia Athayde Moreira e Ana Lidia Ferreira de Sousa com o objetivo de levantar junto aos estabelecimentos de venda de açaí da Região Metropolitana de Belém – PA (RMB), qual tratamento está sendo designado aos resíduos (caroços de açaí), tendo como parâmetros de análise o ponto de vista contábil e o socioambiental, sob a ótica da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS), dentro de um contexto de ecoeficiência. Artigo 3 - Influência das características do decisor sobre os vieses da heurística da representatividade de Adriano Massa Fernandes, Darci Schnorrenberger e Rodrigo Rengel com o objetivo de verificar a influência das características demográficas na presença da heurística da representatividade e seus vieses na tomada de decisões. Seção 4: Casos de Ensino Aplicados a Contabilidade Artigo 1 - Estratégias para a economia de impostos: o caso da Udi Bolos de Larissa Ribeiro Soares e Sabrina Rafaela Pereira Borges com o objetivo de discutir sobre o planejamento tributário e o melhor regime de tributação a ser adotado por uma empresa de pequeno porte: o caso da Udi Bolos. Seção 5: Resenhas de Teses, Dissertações e Livros sobre Contabilidade Resenha 1: Resenha do livro: Estrutura e análise de balanços: um enfoque econômico-financeiro. Assaf Neto, A. (2020). (12a ed). São Paulo, SP: Editora Atlas, 339 páginas, ISBN: 978-85-97-02484-5. Autores da resenha: Geovane Camilo dos Santos e Dryelle Laiana de Jesus Silva dos Santos. Seção 6: Banco de Dados (Arquivos suplementares em Excel) Artigo 5 da Seção 1- Retorno dos bancos públicos federais versus custo de oportunidade dos recursos investidos pelo Tesouro Nacional de Cristiano Rocha Campos, José Alves Dantas e Carlos André de Melo Alves com o objetivo de avaliar se os retornos auferidos pelos bancos públicos federais remuneram o Tesouro Nacional em proporção suficiente ou não para cobrir o custo de oportunidade do capital investido pelo governo Federal, definida como a taxa básica de juros da economia, a Selic. Seção 7: Internacional (S7) English Section 1 Article 2 (Section 1) - Country comparative assessment of Islamic banks' financial economic situation of Tariq Jarbou and Jorge Katsumi Niyama. Promote a country comparative assessment of the Islamic banks economic and financial situation. Article 3 (Section 1) - An analysis of the adherence of Brazilian organizations to GRI as a method of disclosure of corporate social responsibility of Vicente Lima Crisóstomo, Hyane Correia Forte e Priscila de Azevedo Prudêncio. Organizations have published corporate social responsibility reports aimed at spreading their social responsibility. In this sense, the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) develops structured models of sustainability reports that help organizations design and disseminate them. The objective of this paper is to analyze the evolution of GRI adherence and the quality of CSR reports provided by Brazilian organizations. Article 5 (Section 1) - Returns on the federal public banks versus the opportunity cost of funds invested by the National Treasury of Cristiano Rocha Campos, José Alves Dantas and Carlos André de Melo Alves. The aim of this study is to assess whether the yields earned by the federal public banks remunerate the National Treasury to a enough degree, to cover the opportunity cost of the capital invested by the Federal Government, which is defined as the benchmark Selic base interest rate. Section 2 Article 2 (Section 2) - Transparency of public expenditure accountability in municipal governments: a case study in the State of Goiás of Celma Duque Ferreira, Gilberto Crispim da Silva, Fabrícia Silva da Rosa and Luiz Alberton. To identify the municipalities of Goiás that comply with the legal provisions of the Fiscal Responsibility Law (LRF) regarding the transparency of public management accounts from January 2010 to December 2018. Article 3 (Section 2) - Behavior of budget expenditures during the election period: an analysis in panel data in the Brazilian municipalities of Gilberto Crispim da Silva, Luiz Alberton, Celma Duque Ferreira and Jorge Expedito de Gusmão Lopes. From the political budget cycle (PDC) lens, we investigated the behavior of committed expenditures, investment spending and borrowing in the electoral period, in Brazilian municipalities with a population of 50,000 or more, in the period 2000-2016, comprising 353 clusters and 6001 observations. It was also investigated whether these municipalities meet the legal requirements on the use of budget resources in an election year. The study was motivated by the lack of consensus in the literature on the subject in question. Article 5 (Section 2) - Transparent public management under the law of fiscal responsibility: an analysis in the municipalities of the CRAJUBAR region in the period from 2012 to 2015 of Antônio Rafael Valério de Oliveira, Bruno Rodrigues Cabral e Milton Jarbas Rodrigues Chagas. This study aimed to verify on the websites of the municipalities of Crato, Juazeiro do Norte and Barbalha (CRAJUBAR), whether information about public management was in compliance with the Fiscal Responsibility Law, Supplementary Law 131/2009 and Decree No. 7185/2010. Article 6 (Section 2) - Accounting disclosure of resources earned by OSCIPs in northeastern Brazil: a focus on government grants and assistance of Milton Jarbas Rodrigues Chagas, Danival Sousa Cavalcante, Silvana Karina de Melo Travassos, Suelem Katherinne de Macedo Pinto and Polyandra Zampiere Pessoa da Silva. To analyze the level of disclosure of the main sources of funds of Civil Society Organizations of Public Interest (CSOPIs) located in the Northeast region of Brazil, focusing on government subsidies and assistance, since they must follow rules, such as the CPC pronouncement 07 (R1) and the accounting standard NBC TG 07 (R2). Section 3 Article 2 (Section 3) - Treatment and analysis of açai berry production waste: a study by the optics of eco-efficiency of Marcia Athayde Moreira and Ana Lidia Ferreira de Sousa. The main objective of this research was to find out with the açai berry sales establishments of the Belém Metropolitan Region – Pa. (RMB), which treatment has been assigned to wastes (açai berry pits) by the açai beaters, having as analysis parameters the accounting and socio-environmental standpoint, under the optics of PNRS, within a context of eco-efficiency Section 4 Article 1 (Section 4) - Tax saving strategies: Udi Bolos’ Case of Larissa Ribeiro Soares e Sabrina Rafaela Pereira Borges. Udi Bolos’ case discusses tax planning and the best taxation regime to be adopted by a small company. Boa leitura. Cordiais saudações! Prof. Dr. Maurício Corrêa da Silva Editor Gerente da Revista Ambiente Contábil

Las comunidades crustáceas de suelos en los ecosistemas desérticos del mundo tienen una microflora peculiar de importancia en laformación y estabilización de los suelos. El desierto Peruano Central se caracteriza por la formación de lomas y costras microbióticasdebido a la humedad. Colecciones de talos de las costras desérticas de las lomas de Pachacamac (Jatun Sisa) se realizó en noviembre de 1995y 1997. Inoculaciones de las costras y cultivos en medios Basal de Bold y N8 se realizaron a temperaturas promedio de 21°C y fueronseguidas hasta 1.5 años. La colonización algalJiquénica de las costras por las cianobacterias Scytonema crispum, Microcoleus vaginatusy Nostoc commune (Scytonemataceae, Oscillatoriaceae y Nostocaceae) y los líquenes Parmelia (Parmeliaceae) y Ramalina(Usneaceae) caracterizó a las comunidades saxícolas. Los talos cianobacteriales tuvieron mejor desarrollo en el período húmedo (noviembre,97) y en los cultivos. La variabilidad morfológica de los talos cianobacteriales con el desarrollo de la pared y estuche extracelulares enporciones de talos latentes así como de estadíos de resistencia (hormocistos) se presentó en períodos secos (noviembre, 95). La formaciónde hormocistos de S. crispum en la naturaleza y su germinación en cultivos explica la reactivación de estadíos de dormancia en condicioneshúmedas. Además la capacidad diazotrófica de las especies heterocistadas S. crispum y N. commune favoreció su colonización y perennización en estos eiosistemas. La plasticidad fenotípica de los talos cianobacteriales en condiciones climáticas fluctuantes en las lomas demostraron su estrategia de tolerancia al estrés hídrico por desecación.

Abstract Cultured parsley cells (Petroselinum crispum) treated with an elicitor from the soybean patho­gen, Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea, were used as source for the separation, extensive purification and characterization of S-adenosyl-ʟ-methionine: xanthotoxol and S-adenosyl-ʟ-m ethionine: bergaptol O-methyltransferases. The products, xanthotoxin and bcrgapten, were among the most abundant coumarin derivatives accumulated in the culture fluid of elicitor-treated parsley cells. The latter enzyme also catalyzed the methylation of 5-hydroxyxanthotoxin to isopimpinellin, another major coumarin derivative in this system. The activities of both enzymes showed transient increases upon elicitor application prior to the accumulation of the products. No activity was detectable in untreated cells. Activity increases of the O-methyltransferases occurred a few hours later than those of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and 4-coumarate:CoA ligase.

Mill's most famous departure from Bentham is his distinction between higher and lower pleasures. This article argues that quality and quantity are independent and irreducible properties of pleasures that may be traded off against each other – as in the case of quality and quantity of wine. I argue that Mill is not committed to thinking that there are two distinct kinds of pleasure, or that ‘higher pleasures’ lexically dominate lower ones, and that the distinction is compatible with hedonism. I show how this interpretation not only makes sense of Mill but allows him to respond to famous problems, such as Crisp's Haydn and the oyster and Nozick's experience machine.

Streptococcus thermophilus relies heavily on two type II-A CRISPR-Cas systems, CRISPR1 and CRISPR3, to resist siphophage infections. One hallmark of these systems is the integration of a new spacer at the 5′ end of the CRISPR arrays following phage infection. However, we have previously shown that ectopic acquisition of spacers can occur within the CRISPR1 array. Here, we present evidence of the acquisition of new spacers within the array of CRISPR3 of S. thermophilus. The analysis of randomly selected bacteriophage-insensitive mutants of the strain Uy01 obtained after phage infection, as well as the comparison with other S. thermophilus strains with similar CRISPR3 content, showed that a specific spacer within the array could be responsible for misguiding the adaptation complex. These results also indicate that while the vast majority of new spacers are added at the 5′ end of the CRISPR array, ectopic spacer acquisition is a common feature of both CRISPR1 and CRISPR3 systems in S. thermophilus, and it can still provide phage resistance. Ectopic spacer acquisition also appears to have occurred naturally in some strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, suggesting that it is a general phenomenon, at least in type II-A systems.

A presente dissertação pretende contribuir para o conhecimento da história da vida corporativa e assistencial na cidade do Porto através da Confraria dos Sapateiros nos sécs. XIV e XV. Limita-se a uma abordagem sobre as origens das confrarias e como se desenvolveram em Portuga. A Confraria dos Sapateiros aparece-nos com uma relevante vertente assistencial através do seu hospital aos peregrinos de S. Tiago. Na assistência prestada transparece toda a esfera religiosa que envolvia o homem medieval e o medo perante a morte, o que leva a praticar todo o bem que lhe possa sufragar a alma. De salientar a organização, o brio e o bom desempenho na administração do Hospital pelos confrades sapateiros, cativando a simpatia real, levando ao embargue da ordem régia da anexação à Misericórdia.

A presente dissertação pretende contribuir para o conhecimento da história da vida corporativa e assistencial na cidade do Porto através da Confraria dos Sapateiros nos sécs. XIV e XV. Limita-se a uma abordagem sobre as origens das confrarias e como se desenvolveram em Portuga. A Confraria dos Sapateiros aparece-nos com uma relevante vertente assistencial através do seu hospital aos peregrinos de S. Tiago. Na assistência prestada transparece toda a esfera religiosa que envolvia o homem medieval e o medo perante a morte, o que leva a praticar todo o bem que lhe possa sufragar a alma. De salientar a organização, o brio e o bom desempenho na administração do Hospital pelos confrades sapateiros, cativando a simpatia real, levando ao embargue da ordem régia da anexação à Misericórdia.

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Decanato de Pesquisa e P?s-Gradua??o-UFRRJ
The present study attempts to address the conflict between the Brotherhood of St. Crispim and St. Crispiniano and the Chamber of Rio de Janeiro between 1764 and 1821, during which we could verify the aforementioned conflict. This conflict revolved around the street shoe trade, which sought to prohibit the brotherhood. Within this context, we seek to address such a fellowship as a brotherhood of office, wich had the organizational model of the mechanical crafts of the Kingdom as a parameter, but it was so specific, as long as it were part of a slave society. On the other hand, the period in discussion is highlighted, drawing attention to the continuities and discontinuities that was contained in it. Thus, there is the commitment of these shoemakers confreres in maintaining an institution that forged a monopolistic structure to a certain sector of the retail trade, this institution which found its legitimacy as a reference an array of Iberian corporatism. Thus, referring to the values and codes of the Ancient Regime, as a commitment to dissociate his office of the slavery, or as trying to keep "black lining" and "free mulatto" under their control, defining hierarchical gradations leading into account the criterion of color. At the same time, major changes were underway in the Portuguese Empire and the city of Rio de Janeiro, whether political, administrative, social, cultural, or in the framework of ideas (the Enlightenment, liberalism). Thus, in the twenties of the nineteenth century, the council members had become more firmly against the intention of St. Crispin?s cobblers in the prohibition of the trade in footwear through the streets of the city, which points to the adaptation and dissemination of the liberal ideas within the court itself and among the elite that made up the City Council, despite the social principles in hierarchies make sense also for this social segment. To the brothers of the Brotherhood of St. Crispim and St. Crispiniano, they only had to fight within the legal and institutional mechanisms that shaped itself to new times, but still had a strong element of continuity with the values and practices of the Ancient Regime, reported by Portugal.
O presente trabalho busca abordar o conflito entre a Irmandade de S. Crispim e S. Crispiniano e a C?mara do Rio de Janeiro, entre 1764 e 1821, per?odo em que se p?de verificar o mencionado conflito. O mesmo girava em torno do com?rcio ambulante de cal?ados, o qual a irmandade buscava proibir. Dentro deste contexto, procura-se abordar a referida irmandade como uma irmandade de of?cio, que tinha o modelo de organiza??o dos of?cios mec?nicos do Reino como par?metro, mas que se constituiu de forma espec?fica, j? que se inseria numa sociedade escravista. Por outro lado, destaca-se o per?odo abordado, chamando aten??o para as continuidades e descontinuidades que o mesmo comportava. Sendo assim, verifica-se o empenho desses confrades sapateiros na manuten??o de uma institui??o que forjava uma estrutura monopolista para determinado setor do com?rcio a varejo, institui??o esta que encontrava sua legitimidade tendo como refer?ncia uma matriz do corporativismo ib?rico. Desta maneira, remetiam-se a valores e c?digos de Antigo Regime, fosse no empenho em dissociarem o seu of?cio em rela??o ? escravid?o, fosse na tentativa de manterem ?pretos forros? e ?pardos livres? sob seu controle, definindo grada??es hier?rquicas que levavam em conta o crit?rio da cor. Ao mesmo tempo, mudan?as importantes encontravam-se em curso no ?mbito do Imp?rio Portugu?s e da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, fossem elas no campo pol?tico, administrativo, social, cultural, ou no campo das ideias (iluminismo, liberalismo). Assim, na d?cada de vinte do s?culo XIX, os vereadores apresentavam-se mais firmemente contra a inten??o dos sapateiros de S. Crispim em proibir o com?rcio de cal?ados pelas ruas da cidade, o que apontava para a dissemina??o e adapta??o das ideias liberais no seio da pr?pria corte e entre a elite que compunha a C?mara, n?o obstante os princ?pios sociais hierarquizantes fizessem sentido, igualmente, para este segmento social. Aos confrades da Irmandade de S. Crispim e S. Crispiniano, restava lutar no interior dos mecanismos legais e institucionais que se moldavam a novos tempos, mas que ainda guardavam uma forte componente de continuidade em rela??o aos valores e pr?ticas de Antigo Regime, comunicados por Portugal

This thesis examines a suspected demographic crisis in Lancashire in the latter years of the 1720s utilising evidence from a wide selection of parish registers and a number of contemporary accounts. Lancashire has proved to be an excellent county to study this crisis given its diverse topographic and economic characteristics, and a division of the county into four regions enhances the understanding of the incidence of crisis. Previously this crisis had been unexplored in Lancashire, with the regional studies conducted in the midlands and to the east of the country. Glimpses of crisis were evident in the forewords of the transcriptions of the parish registers by the Lancashire Parish Register Society and from contemporary accounts. Thus a full study of the parish registers would enhance the knowledge of the crisis in Lancashire. During the undertaking of this study an article considering the experience of the Lancashire crisis was published, which has provided a number of suppositions which this study explores in greater detail. In considering the data provided by the parish registers, the study explores a number of observations; a subsistence caused by harvest failures and disease, with the countryside being greatly affected. That the experience of crisis was socially selective in which the older members of the community formed the majority of the burials and that the poor and vulnerable were hardest hit Consideration of the experience of crisis is best explored through the review of one community that recorded exceptionally high levels of modality and had not only detailed registers but a record of the poor accounts.

Many analysts believe that problems in the U.S. housing market initiated the 2008–2010 global financial crisis. In this regard, the subprime mortgage crisis (SMC) shook the foundations of the financial industry by causing the failure of many iconic Wall Street investment banks and prominent depository institutions. This crisis stymied credit extension to households and businesses thus creating credit crunches and, ultimately, a global recession. This thesis specifically discusses the SMC and its components, causes, consequences and cures in relation to subprime mortgages, securitization, as well as data. In particular, the SMC has highlighted the fact that risk, credit ratings, profit and valuation as well as capital regulation are important banking considerations. With regard to risk, the thesis discusses credit (including counterparty), market (including interest rate, basis, prepayment, liquidity and price), tranching (including maturity mismatch and synthetic), operational (including house appraisal, valuation and compensation) and systemic (including maturity transformation) risks. The thesis introduces the IDIOM hypothesis that postulates that the SMC was largely caused by the intricacy and design of subprime agents, mortgage origination and securitization that led to information problems (loss, asymmetry and contagion), valuation opaqueness and ineffective risk mitigation. It also contains appropriate examples, discussions, timelines as well as appendices about the main results on the aforementioned topics. Numerous references point to the material not covered in the thesis, and indicate some avenues for further research. In the thesis, the primary subprime agents that we consider are house appraisers (HAs), mortgage brokers (MBs), mortgagors (MRs), servicers (SRs), SOR mortgage insurers (SOMIs), trustees, underwriters, credit rating agencies (CRAs), credit enhancement providers (CEPs) and monoline insurers (MLIs). Furthermore, the banks that we study are subprime interbank lenders (SILs), subprime originators (SORs), subprime dealer banks (SDBs) and their special purpose vehicles (SPVs) such as Wall Street investment banks and their special structures as well as subprime investing banks (SIBs). The main components of the SMC are MRs, the housing market, SDBs/hedge funds/money market funds/SIBs, the economy as well as the government (G) and central banks. Here, G either plays a regulatory or policymaking role. Most of the aforementioned agents and banks are assumed to be risk neutral with SOR being the exception since it can be risk (and regret) averse on occasion. The main aspects of the SMC - subprime mortgages, securitization, as well as data - that we cover in this thesis and the chapters in which they are found are outlined below. In Chapter 2, we discuss the dynamics of subprime SORs' risk and profit as well as their valuation under mortgage origination. In particular, we model subprime mortgages that are able to fully amortize, voluntarily prepay or default and construct a discrete–time model for SOR risk and profit incorporating costs of funds and mortgage insurance as well as mortgage losses. In addition, we show how high loan–to–value ratios due to declining housing prices curtailed the refinancing of subprime mortgages, while low ratios imply favorable house equity for subprime MRs. Chapter 3 investigates the securitization of subprime mortgages into structured mortgage products such as subprime residential mortgage–backed securities (RMBSs) and collateralized debt obligations (CDOs). In this regard, our discussions focus on information, risk and valuation as well as the role of capital under RMBSs and RMBS CDOs. Our research supports the view that incentives to monitor mortgages has been all but removed when changing from a traditional mortgage model to a subprime mortgage model. In the latter context, we provide formulas for IB's profit and valuation under RMBSs and RMBS CDOs. This is illustrated via several examples. Chapter 3 also explores the relationship between mortgage securitization and capital under Basel regulation and the SMC. This involves studying bank credit and capital under the Basel II paradigm where risk–weights vary. Further issues dealt with are the quantity and pricing of RMBSs, RMBS CDOs as well as capital under Basel regulation. Furthermore, we investigate subprime RMBSs and their rates with slack and holding constraints. Also, we examine the effect of SMC–induced credit rating shocks in future periods on subprime RMBSs and RMBS payout rates. A key problem is whether Basel capital regulation exacerbated the SMC. Very importantly, the thesis answers this question in the affirmative. Chapter 4 explores issues related to subprime data. In particular, we present mortgage and securitization level data and forge connections with the results presented in Chapters 2 and 3. The work presented in this thesis is based on 2 peer–reviewed chapters in books (see [99] and [104]), 2 peer–reviewed international journal articles (see [48] and [101]), and 2 peer–reviewed conference proceeding papers (see [102] and [103]).
Thesis (Ph.D. (Applied Mathematics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Kingsley Martin was the editor of the New Statesman from 1930-1960 and this part of his professional life has already been heavily scrutinised by academics and more general writers alike. The purpose of this thesis however, is to examine and explain his work in the immediately preceding decade, the 1920s, and place it in its intellectual context. In 1922 Kingsley Martin graduated with a first class honours in history from Cambridge University. He had already published articles while still an undergraduate but from 1923 on his employment as an academic and a journalist afforded him more opportunities for comment on the problems Britain faced in the 1920s. These problems were many and serious; mass unemployment, the general strike of 1926, the position of the newspaper industry in wider society, the threat of Bolshevik revolution in Britain, even the continuation of democracy itself, so newly installed, was under consideration. Martin made serious contributions to these debates, contributions that were published in places as diverse as the Manchester Guardian, where he was employed as a leader writer from 1927-1930, and relatively small circulation journals such as the Nation and Athenaeum and Economica, the in-house journal of the LSE. Martin’s work still finds its way into contemporary historiography, particularly on the subject of press theory, and it is this fact, together with the obvious relevance of Martin’s 1920s work to his subsequent employment as editor of the New Statesman, that gives this thesis both its originality and modern relevance. One thing Martin’s 1920s work did was to convince John Maynard Keynes, co-owner of the journal, that he was a suitable candidate for the editor’s chair at the New Statesman when it became available in 1930.

This thesis is focused on the financial analysis of firm Pražské silniční a vodohospodářské stavby, a.s. and comparision with the four selected competing firms. Financial analysis is carried out for the period 2007-2011 and compared to the situation before the economic crisis and during the crisis in the sector of civil engineering. The thesis is divided into several parts. The first focuses on the theoretical part of the financial analysis, then is analyzed the civil engineering before and during the economic crisis, and then are characterized the compared companies. Then there is the financial analysis performed on all the comparision companies, consisting primarily of the analysis of profitability, liquidity, activity and indebtedness, completed with bankruptcy and credibility models. In the conclusion is summarized all the results obtained.

El artículo, en base a un análisis del discurso, propone dar cuenta de las principales características del perfil carismático de Rafael Correa, actual presidente del Ecuador. A partir de los dispositivos retóricos emprendidos por su persona, se trata de explicar la modalidad discursiva mediante el cual el liderazgo correísta afronta, aprovecha y adquiere forma, sobre todo en coyunturas de crisis, como el motín policial del 30 de setiembre del 2010, más conocido como 30-S. De esta manera, se pone especial énfasis en la construcción narrativa de los ‘culpables’ y de los atributos asignados al líder y a su gobierno.

Food security is an acute problem of today�s world, though its essence and structure differ drastically for the richest and the poorest countries of the world. But regardless of development level every country is striving to guarantee sufficient rational level of food provision for all social strata of society.

The present paper deals with one of the world�s most pressing problems, climate change or, more realistically put �climate crisis�, debated at the conference known as COP26 that took place at Glasgow, at the beginning of November, 2021. This global summit (also referred to as the �planet saving� summit) attended by 200 countries was seen as crucial if climate change is to be brought under control. Opening this conference, the British Prime Minister at that time, Boris Johnson, said the world is �at one minute to midnight on that doomsday clock and we need to act now.� The aim of the study is to analyse how metaphors, analogies and cultural allusions in Boris Johnson�s address can contribute (or not) to conveying and reinforcing ideas and thoughts, changing attitudes and behaviours. The research questions relate to the role of contextual factors that may explain the shaping of a personal style that sometimes has been labelled as �strangely unsuited to the grave occasion and to his non-British audience�. Thus, one of the issues to be addressed is �to what extent is the understanding of a text dependent upon a particular cultural background?� The theoretical framework for the analysis has been provided by Zoltan Kovecses [1] book, published in 2015, �Where metaphors come from?�, as well as Ritva Leppihalme�s [2] 1997 work on allusions. Equally useful for climate change communication was Anne Armstrong, Marianne Krasny and Jonathon Schuldt (2018) who explain the greenhouse effect: gases in the atmosphere such as CO2, nitrous oxide, and methane trap heat radiated from the earth just as the panes of a greenhouse trap the sun�s heat.

When COVID-19 swept into the United States in early 2020, it upended two patterns of behavior critical to transportation funding: how people traveled and where economic activity occurred. This study explored how, one year into the pandemic, experts in California believed that the COVID-19 pandemic was impacting local transportation budgets. We interviewed 34 funding experts who represented local transportation and public works departments, state officials, and municipal finance experts. In these conversations, conducted from December 2020 to March 2021, we asked interviewees how they saw COVID-19 impacting their overall local transportation budgets in the short and long term as well as which specific revenue sources were particularly effected. Key findings were as follows: the transportation revenue impacts from COVID-19 varied greatly by place, mode, and type of local government; public transit was the mode that experienced the most drastic change in transportation revenues; federal coronavirus relief funds allowed essential services to continue through the pandemic; the shift to telework had an enormous impact on transportation budgets by changing the location of taxable activities and thus reallocating revenue differently across local jurisdictions; and COVID-19 spotlighted long-term challenges with both motor fuel taxes and the distribution of sales tax from online purchases.

This paper examines the liberalization process in the context of reflecting on the challenges facing China's financial system and possible lessons that can be learned from the experiences of other emerging market economies. Section 1 begins with a brief look at the characteristics of the Chinese financial sector at the beginning of the twenty-first century. It then turns to selected country experiences from two emerging regions: Latin America and East Asia (excluding China). Section 2 presents the framework and hypotheses for studying liberalization. Section 3 examines statistics on financial liberalization. Section 4 turns to the relationship between financial liberalization and crisis. Section 5 analyzes short-term rescue mechanisms, their fiscal and other costs, and their degree of success. Section 6 concludes with some lessons that China might draw from its Asian neighbors and Latin America. This paper was presented at the Latin America/Caribbean and Asia/Pacific Economics and Business Association (LAEBA)'s First Annual Conference, held in Beijing, People's Republic of China on December 3rd-4th, 2004.

La serie Documentos para el Cuidado de la Casa Común reúne las reflexiones y disertaciones que reconocidos expertos nacionales e internacionales hacen de la carta encíclica Laudato si’ de S. S. el papa Francisco, a partir de sus lecturas desde diversas áreas de conocimiento, como los estudios ambientales, la economía o la educación. Estos aportes buscan facilitar la comprensión y el análisis del impacto que los planteamientos contenidos en la carta encíclica pueden tener en el mundo y en Colombia, particularmente con referencia a la paz y el desarrollo sostenible integral. Así, esta serie de textos afronta críticamente los desafíos del mundo actual con relación a las circunstancias que han propiciado la crisis socioambiental en un esfuerzo por corregir el rumbo de la humanidad en la Tierra, su casa común.

En esta entrega se registraron incidentes que conciernen a la marginación escolar de dos estudiantes avasallados por el discriminatorio modelo pedagógico cubano. Comenzando la década de los 70’s, y mientras el país afrontaba las consecuencias de la paralización de la mayoría de los sectores vitales en función del fracasado plan de producir diez millones de toneladas de azúcar destinados a revitalizar la ya en crisis economía nacional, se intensificaba el programa de adoctrinamiento ideológico de las nuevas generaciones, destinadas a perpetuar el modelo político impuesto

This paper develops a model featuring both a macroeconomic and a financial stability objective that speaks to the interaction between monetary and macroprudential policies. First, we find that interest rate rigidities in a monopolistic banking system have an asymmetric impact on financial stability: they lead to greater financial instability in response to contractionary shocks, while they act as an automatic financial stabilizer in response to expansionary shocks. Second, we find that when the policy interest rate is the only instrument, a monetary authority subject to the same constraints as private agents cannot always achieve a (constrained) efficient allocation and faces a trade-off between macroeconomic and financial stability in response to contractionary shocks. This has important implications for the role played by U. S. monetary policy in the run-up to the global financial crisis: the model suggests that the weak link in the U. S. policy framework was not the monetary policy stance after 2002, but rather the absence of an effective second policy pillar aimed at preserving financial stability.

This evaluation examines the IDB's Country Program with Uruguay for the 2005-2009 period. The engagement of the IDB with Uruguay during this period was relevant as the Program's objectives were aligned with the government¿s priorities, particularly regarding fiscal sustainability and social safety nets. The Country Strategy called for the IDB¿s involvement in more areas than it ultimately engaged in, as the focus turned to challenges that emerged from the 2002 financial crisis, drawing attention away from challenges related to growth. To make the IDB's engagement with Uruguay more effective, the institution should: (i) consider knowledge as a strategic outcome of the Country Program by establishing an ongoing agenda to analyze where action is needed, how to act in those areas, and the goals sought; (ii) improve the evaluability and evaluation of the IDB's contribution; (iii) complement the Program's eminently sector-oriented approach (centered around financial resources) with a more coordinated approach that better accommodates the needs of Uruguay, which are increasingly programmatic and cross-cutting involving sector stakeholders, government levels, and the private sector; (iv) achieve greater programmatic focus on sustainable growth; and (v) address issues of equity and income inequality.

Current dam discharge patterns in Noxon Rapids Reservoir reduce concentration and exposure times (CET) of herbicides used for aquatic plant management. Herbicide applications during periods of low dam discharge may increase herbicide CETs and improve efficacy. Applications of rhodamine WT dye were monitored under peak (736 to 765 m³ s⁻¹) and minimum (1.4 to 2.8 m³ s⁻¹) dam discharge patterns to quantify water-exchange processes. Whole-plot dye half-life under minimal discharge was 33 h, a 15-fold increase compared with the dye treatment during peak discharge. Triclopyr concentrations measured during minimum discharge within the treated plot ranged from 214 ± 25 to 1,243 ± 36 μgL⁻¹ from 0 to 48 h after treatment (HAT), respectively. Endothall concentrations measured during minimum discharge in the same plot ranged from 164 ± 78 to 2,195 ± 1,043 μgL⁻¹ from 0 to 48 HAT, respectively. Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.) occurrence in the treatment plot was 66%, 8%, and 14% during pretreatment, 5 wk after treatment (WAT), and 52 WAT, respectively. Myriophyllum spicatum occurrence in the nontreated plot was 68%, 71%, and 83% during pre-treatment, 5 WAT, and 52 WAT, respectively. Curlyleaf pondweed (Potamogeton crispus L.) occurrence in the treatment plot was 29%, 0%, and 97% during pretreatment, 5 WAT, and 52 WAT, respectively. Potamogeton crispus increased from 24% to 83% at 0 WAT to 52 WAT, respectively, in the nontreated plot. Native species richness declined from 3.3 species per point to 2.1 in the treatment plot in the year of treatment but returned to pretreatment numbers by 52 WAT. Native species richness did not change during the study in the nontreated reference plot. Herbicide applications during periods of low flow can increase CETs and improve control, whereas applications during times of high-water flow would shorten CETs and could result in reduced treatment efficacy.