Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Crise économique (2008) – Hongrie"
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Follot, Maxence. "La politique de communication de la Banque centrale hongroise et la conciliation entre objectifs internes et externes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCG005.
Texto completo da fonteSince the 1990s, central banks have made considerable efforts in terms of communication and have innovated in the ways they convey their message: the old paradigm of secrecy has gradually given way to that of transparency. However, the increasing complexity of monetary policy, particularly as a result of the financial crisis, has called into question the credibility of central banks, posing new challenges in terms of communication. The influence and authority of issuing institutions have been considerably strengthened, but their acceptance by the public is increasingly being put to the test, with perceptions becoming less and less favourable. At the same time, the economic crisis has encouraged the emergence of populist movements around the world. In the wake of the crisis, nationalist and/or protectionist movements are challenging the traditional political landscape. This is particularly the case in Hungary, whose membership of the Economic and Monetary Union gives its central bank a unique role in coordinating the economic and political spheres, both at national and supranational level, raising questions about its independence. The aim of this is to put into perspective the tensions between what may appear to be contradictory objectives
Gubernat-Rammelt, Ruxandra. "L’existence du champ journalistique roumain après la crise économique de 2008". Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100187/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis study aims to analyze the developments that led to the current state of the Romanianjournalistic field, after the financial crisis of 2008, by which this professional environment fails to convince its actors of the viability of its principles. My main hypothesis is that the collision between two divergent value systems - the intersection of the neoliberal allogeneic model with local values and necessities - establishes a hybrid field integrating elements of both cultures without incorporating the sum of their elements. This hybrid field, characterized by a high degree of openness towards renegotiation, reinterpretation and restoration of the principles that guide journalism, also creates a certain anomic dimension of its actors. In order to establish the existence of the journalistic field in Romania after 2008, an analysis based on three main dimensions was envisaged: a first dimension would be the political rupture which imposed a reflection on the directions and choices of models in the new pluralist media market;; a second dimension identified is the profound technological change superimposed on this stage of understanding journalistic acts;; third, the financial crisis which began in 2008, which destabilized the journalistic environment in Romania. Our main discovery is that of the existence of double standards in the practice and in the evaluation of Romanian journalism by its actors:• An ideological contradiction at the macro level, i.e. institutions adhere to the model, but this is not the guiding principle of their approaches, which are mainly guided by the realities in place ;• At the micro level, the contradiction between the understanding of the model and the waythis model is enacted: a discrepancy between the argumentative level - with theunderstanding that the Western model is highly attractive - and the mode of action whereindividuals must comply with local customs and values, which are not in accordance with thesystem of reference to which they adhere
Majdoub, Jihed. "Diversification internationale, comportements des investisseurs et effets des crises". Cergy-Pontoise, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CERG0476.
Texto completo da fonteThe modern theory of portfolio shows that the investment in foreign assets allows to generate earnings in term of probability which can be superior to those generated market. The principle of international diversification so reduces the risk of the portfolio because of the difference of volability and the low correlation between the returns on assets and on indications of the various markets, what leads to a global volability of an international portfolio more low than that of a portfolio domesticate. Nevertheless, this strategy of international diversification is confronted in a set of frictions. Confronted with them, certain investors show strongly biased preferences whether it is in favour of the domestic assets or the international assets. These ways can so find their origins in the instability of financial centers illustrated by the world crises or in the fact as the preferences
Bucquet, Véronique. "Paradoxes, cindynique et crise financière : Bâle ii, juste valeur et efficience des marchés". Nice, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NICE0037.
Texto completo da fonteFor thirty years, there has been a real international willingness to standardize accounting standards and to increase security within the banking and financial system. The IASB and the Basel Committee are working together in the same direction, surrounded by controversial issues such as the ‘fair value’. The 2007-2008 financial crisis has intensified the antagonism between the parties. In this thesis, we intend to demonstrate that we lived in a world of paradoxes : the paradox of Goldilocks (Minsky 1992), the paradox of credibility (Borio & Loewe 2002) and the paradox of security. We have become blinded by a cindynique expulsion (Kervern 2008), which has caused much ‘burying of heads in the sand’. We did not want to see the uncominging danger. But the crisis has also given us the opportunity to examine the market efficiency (Fama 1965) in contrast with the behavioural finance (Kahneman & Tversky 1979). Thanks to our new methodological choices we have been able to replace the apprehension of the market and the market itself which has dominated our concerns, by developing contributions and recommendations mainly for the banking community
Mardini, Patrick. "Analyse monétaire du cycle économique : application à la grande récession de 2007-2010". Paris 9, 2011. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2011PA090005.
Texto completo da fonteThe 2007-2010 great recession is often explained by the contagion of the financial crisis to the real economy. Our thesis challenges this assertion and shows that both the financial crisis and the economic recession are the consequences of the same problem: the downturn part of the business cycle. First, we emphasize the deficiencies of the mainstream literature and we reveal the counterproductive character of their recommendations. Then, we reconstruct the theoretical framework of the Austrian business-cycle theory. We show that fractional reserve banking constantly operates an expansive monetary policy and generates credit cycles, crisis and recessions. Finally, we compare our analysis to the empirical data of the 2007-2010 recession and draw up an optimal policy for a quick recovery
Bricongne, Jean-Charles. "Essais sur les liens internationaux entre économie financière et économie réelle pendant la crise". Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010014.
Texto completo da fonteDarriet, Elisa. "Science économique et sens commun : études des représentations sociales de la crise économique et de l'euro". Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020034.
Texto completo da fonteIn this thesis we focus on the relationship between economics and social representations, between science and common sense. First in a theoretical chapter, we discuss how social representations of lay individuals can potentially play a role in economic modeling and in the implementation of economic policies. Secondly, in an empirical chapter, we firstly describe the social representation of the 2008 economic crisis in France and link it to the perception of personal financial threats. We then proceed to demonstrate that this difference can lead to different types of actions in order to cope (or not) with the economic crisis. The third chapter investigates empirically the possibility of a cognitive fit between lay representations of economic theories that explain economic crises and economic theories themselves. The influence of sociodemographic and psychological differences (such as political opinions, and Belief in a Just World) over these economic theories is also studied. The final chapter examines the social representations of the euro and approaches the notion of monetary illusion as well as the perception of European monetary policies among the French population
Gabriel, Amadeus. "The economics of credit rating agencies : how credit rating agencies became financial market authorities". Angers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ANGE0039.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis explores the question of how credit rating agencies became financial market authorities and studies subsequently their contribution to the current financial crisis. The prerequisites for the growth of the credit rating industry have been set by government officials. Governments and similar institutions not only attributed ''regulatory'' licenses to credit rating agencies, thereby creating an income guarantee, but they are also the most important driver of the explosion in securities which require a rating. Credit rating agencies became financial market authorities because governments and policy-makers were in favor of it. International and domestic regulatory authorities created incentives to purchase sovereign debt, either directly or indirectly via the use of credit ratings. Financial regulations incentivized banks to hold large amounts of highly rated debts, i. E. Government obligations until the occurrence of structured finance. These conditions significantly reduced the cost of debt for the banking sector through lower equity and provided more favorable refinancing costs for governments despite their high debt levels. However, the main reason for the financial fragility is monetary policy. Fractional-reserve banking and fiat money at a global scale since the 1970s increased moral hazard and excessive risk-taking in financial markets. Taking these factors into account, this thesis studies the role of credit rating agencies in the current financial crisis and sketches practical implications for the rating industry based on the findings of the work at hand
Rammelt, Henry. "La mobilisation sociale en Europe de l'Est depuis la crise financière de 2008 : une analyse comparative de l’évolution des réseaux militants en Hongrie et en Roumanie". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2168/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn Eastern Europe the financial crisis of 2008 highlighted the gap between expectations concerning the new configuration of liberal and capitalist states on the one hand, and the social realities on the other. Waves of contention followed, which were provoked especially by austerity measures implemented by the respective governments. These were in their majority directed against the post-communist elites, which were held responsible for the perceived slow progress regarding economic performance and the democratization process in the years before. With the purpose of analyzing new forms of collective action and protests that appeared following this crisis, this dissertation is dedicated to study, in a comparative manner, activist networks in Hungary and Romania between 2008 and 2014.The following questions are in the center of the study: Are those recent waves of mobilization different from forms of protests prior to the crisis or can we observe a continuation of repertoires of contention? If Romania and Hungary are considered to be countries still located in the transition process, without having reached the “goal” of consolidated democracies, are the conditions and forms of collective action also undergoing profound transformations? If so, how can we explain the different dynamics in those two countries?Given the fact, that the analysis of social movements is becoming a multicentric subfield of social sciences, the present study draws on a diversity of analytical angles, not only stemming from approaches to investigate social movements and regime change, but also including additional theoretical avenues, in order to answer these main questions. Taking into account the transformation background of Romania and Hungary seems the appropriate perspective to understand recent mobilizations. For this purpose, this study analyzes processes of the accumulation of cognitive and relational social capital, shaping a new generation of activists. By doing so, the emphasis could be put on observing the effects of protests on subsequent mobilizations and the spillover/ interaction between activist networks over time. In a first step, I gathered comparable data on the political, economic and social environment, in which these networks arose, by carrying out expert on-line surveys in both countries. For a better understanding of mechanisms of resource mobilization, mobilization channels, network characteristics and organizational features, I conducted 26 in-depth interviews with activists from both countries. As a result, I was able to highlight the significance of protest-specific experiences for future mobilizations. Online social networks appear to play a key role in this dynamic in contemporary social movements, mainly through their capacity of generating a collective identity and transforming personal indignation into collective action. The nature and the intensity of this dynamic vary in the two countries. While I observed a growth of, what I called “recreational activism” in Romania, resulting from the concomitance of patterns of cultural consumption and civic involvement, a certain protest fatigue can be attested for the first years after the crisis in Hungary. Confronted with stable political configurations and a government that is widely supported by the electorate, movements contesting the power of Fidesz were not able to destabilize existing power structures in Hungary. Hence, this study shows that a longstanding culture of protest and of civic engagement does not necessarily lead, in different circumstances, to high levels of political activism of challengers to political power. Furthermore, the Romanian case suggests that rather the absence of such a culture, combined with a lack of precedent and experiences for both, engaged citizens and authorities can open spaces for renegotiating rules and provoke (lasting) political and cultural changes
Kopsidi, Eugenia. "L’équilibre des pouvoirs en période de crise économique : recherches sur l’expérience constitutionnelle grecque". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0119.
Texto completo da fonteIt is historically proven that economic crisis rhymes with disorganization of institutions. The effort of a legal definition and delimitation of the crisis leads to a blatant transformation of the legal rules issued during this period. As a part of the legislative process, this transformation takes place by the implementation of exceptional mechanisms to deal with emergencies. Thus, the legislation of the crisis consists mainly of the enactment of legislative norms by the executive power on the basis of its exceptional legislative power. In this context, the requirement of flexibility resulting from the crisis seems to justify a new division of powers. This redistribution is based in an attempt to pass at all costs measures which will bring economic benefits, except that these measures extend into the field of rights and freedoms by imposing considerable restrictions on their enjoyment. Faced with this institutional disruption, the constitutional judge often remains passive, limiting itself to a limited control of the acts adopted by exceptional procedures. Thus, the financial problems acquire a highly political character which leads the national judge to restrict himself so as not to interfere with the questions that seem to constitute political choices. Greece is an emblematic example of this phenomenon. The reforms undertaken in recent years by successive Greek governments affect the most crucial areas of the country's socio-economic life. The vast majority of these reforms, and undoubtedly the most important among them, are based on an exceptional legislation
Peicuti, Cristina. "La crise financière et nouvelles approches du canal crédit". Paris 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA020102.
Texto completo da fonteLefebvre, Hugo. "Géopolitique d'une crise économique : subprimes et saisies immobilières dans la vallée intérieure de la Californie". Paris 8, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA083869.
Texto completo da fonteThe economic recession that started in 2007 is the worst since the Great Depression of the 1930s and had worldwide consequences. In the United States, millions of American lost their home in foreclosures and several cities filed for bankruptcy. Despite its demographic profile, the California Central Valley is one of the regions that suffered the most from the foreclosures nationwide. The purpose of the dissertation is to identify the mechanisms of the crisis at different levels of analysis, in order to understand the extent and the impact of the crisis in the Central Valley. Deregulations at the federal level allowed banks to create subprimes loans that were securized as financial products, generating the crisis. Since 2007, millions of Americans failed to reimburse their loans because of the sudden increase of their mortgage interest rates and the drop in their home values. They went underwater and couldn’t sell their property to pay back their credit. As a result, many people have been foreclosed or simply left their home. In the Central Valley, the political fragmentation of the region increased rivalries between the State and local administrations to attract new fiscal resources. This competition fueled the urban growth and subprimes loans proliferation, explaining foreclosure development in the region. The economic crisis also contributed to developing conflicts. The allocation and distribution of the funds to deal with foreclosures provoked disagreements at both local and federal level. Power rivalries between political actors therefore played a major role in the development of the crisis in the California Central Valley, and its consequences
Moreno, Calvo Mariola. "Le traitement de la crise économique par les agences de presse : une comparaison France / Espagne". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20001/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe analysis of the news from the French Agency (AFP) and the Spanish (EFE) allows visualizing, on the one hand, a convergence in the macroestructure of the corpus and, on the other hand, a specific treatment of each country in the microstructure, a deeper analysis, combining a classification of vocabulary and an interpretive comparison of lexical structures, reveals a different focusing: while the AFP makes a distinction between the economic aspects (global context) and political ones (national context), the EFE takes it up more strenuously as a political issue directly related to the national economy and Europe. These results have been obtained with the help of the software IRaMuTeQ. The impact of the experience of the crisis on the media discourse is confirmed by the final analyses of the chronological dimension which reveals, in south cases, the impact of an electoral change. The use of textometric approach allows us the building of the story with the relations among the texts, the co-texts and the contexts, that is, among the socio-historical events, the producers of the media discourse and the lexical structures used
Cabanel, Cédric. "Le système régional d'innovation de la région PACA : vulnérabilité et résilience territoriale dans un contexte ante et post crise économique". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0036.
Texto completo da fonteDuring the 2007-2012 period, the world went through a period of multiple crises with devastating social and economic effects. This context has reinforced the role of innovation as a vector for recovery, which should restore the economic climate and meet new social and environmental challenges. However, these activities have themselves known heterogeneous impacts and trajectories, pushing them to certain mutations which depend in particular on the specificities of their territories of establishment.Thus, this thesis questions the evolution of innovation in the PACA region through the concept of system and in times of crisis. It is a question of observing the role of public authorities on the innovation process, especially in the face of a moment of crisis that can trigger multiple processes of vulnerability and territorial resilience.The example of high-tech sectors, metropolitan areas and new places of innovation, testify to the complexity of the crisis process. They illustrate the difficulty for public authorities to intervene globally and judiciously
Khayat, Guillaume Anwar. "Trois essais sur la politique monétaire". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0236.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis is organized in three chapters dealing with monetary policy since the Great Recession. Chapter one assesses if the euro area’s long term equilibrium (steady state) characterized by low inflation or deflation and the nominal short term interest rate in the economy stuck at its effective lower bound is locally stable. Chapter two considers empirically possible unintended effects of setting negative policy rates on banking flows and the exchange rate. Chapter three suggests a model where monetary policy is implemented through the central bank’s lending and deposit facilities and the corridor instead of the standard assumption that the central bank controls directly the short term interest rate in the economy
Mouffok, Nacer-Eddine. "La politique monétaire dans la zone euro : règles de conduite, objectifs et canaux de transmission". Paris 8, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA083865.
Texto completo da fonteThe European Central Bank (ECB), officially instituted on the June 1st, 1998, is conducting a monetary policy based on maintaining price stability in the euro area countries. But measures of monetary policy are felt their effects on inflation and the economy at the end of a certain period, since these effects go through several channels. Therefore, the transmission process of monetary policy are slow, complex and different from one state to another even within the euro area, which makes it difficult policy decisions of the single currency. The recent financial crisis in the euro area has highlighted the non-monetary optimality of this area. However, there are now signs that the euro zone is in very good way out of the crisis, although some economists argue that there is every chance that the crisis persists over time since the macroeconomic adjustment in the euro area will not happen without Hours or very negative consequences on countries in difficulty (rising unemployment, falling wages,)
Gorbatenko, Daniil. "Austrian business cycle theory : agent-based-model illustration and empirical application". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0120/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis work attempts to reformulate Austrian Business cycle theory. The central idea is that central banks may facilitate the creation of credit that is not backed by consumer savings and that this may allow and incentivize banks to finance some long-term projects that they did not find attractive to finance in the past. Those projects may temporarily divert certain resources away from the production of certain consumer goods, despite the preferences of the relevant consumers staying the same. The latter may later act to reverse the misallocation or make the originators of the long-term projects pay more for the relevant resources. This leads either to the failure of those projects or to the need for their originators to cut spending on other activities, as well as to other potential negative effects for the economy.The work also illustrates the core logic of the theory by means of a computer model and analyses the evidence for the applicability of the reformulated theory to the U.S. Great Recession of 2008-09
Chihi, Meriam. "Propagation internationale de la crise des subprimes et mécanismes de transmission à la sphère réelle". Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE0032.
Texto completo da fonteThe objective of this thesis is to study the effects of contagion of the subprime crisis on the financial markets and analyze the mechanisms of its spread to the real economy of the developed countries such as (the United States, France, the Germany, Italy, Britain and Japan). To do this, we were interested, first, to modeling the contagion of subprimes market and five other U. S. Financial markets. We adopted a VAR model and applied it for two sub-periods, a period of crisis and a period of calm. Our results support the transmission of disturbances in the subprime market loans to other U. S. Financial markets and show that this crisis quickly turned into a severe financial crisis in 2008. This financial crisis has spread rapidly throughout the world. We analyzed the transmission of shocks and volatility between the stock markets surveyed, on the one hand, and the correlations between these markets, on the other. We estimated a Markov Switching GARCH model to show the existence of effects of co-movement and contagion between the indices studied and the BEKK-GARCH model to test the transmission of shocks and volatility across markets. The DCC-GARCH model is estimated to show the effect of subprime crisis on the increase in volatility and correlations in stock markets and the presence of dynamic correlations between them. Our results support the transmission of disturbances between financial markets. Once widespread in the various financial markets, this crisis eventually led to a recession in the advanced economies. Therefore, we used the VAR models to test the existence of the contagion effects from the financial to the real economy in the six developed countries studied. Our results confirm that the financial turmoil has a recessionary impact on consumption and investment
Ouyahia, Ouafa. "L’impact du caractère systémique des banques coopératives sur leur pérennité économique et sociale". Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100057.
Texto completo da fonteThe historical logic suggests that cooperative banks will be leaders when it comes to social and responsible practices while remaining economically viable. However, with the many changes that European banks have experienced over the last few decades, it is not certain that cooperative banks continue to perform well at both the social and economic levels. In this context, we carry out comparative studies between cooperative banks and non-cooperative banks on the economic and social aspects through the analysis of their performance, resilience and social responsibility (CSR). Given the various existing cooperative models - those that remain decentralized and locally anchored, and those that align with universal banking practices - the systemic nature of banks is considered to take into account their hybridization. Moreover, from the peculiarity of the economic and financial climate in which financial institutions operate in recent years, it was natural to distinguish the effects of the 2008 financial crisis from those of the sovereign debt crisis in Europe
Abboud, Mouna. "Les politiques d'ajustement budgétaire après la crise financière de 2007-2008 et leurs conséquences macro-économiques". Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU2005/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe financial crisis of 2007-2008 had a massive impact on public finances in many countries of the world. It urged the governments to implement recovery plans and to approve financial rescue packages to redress them and that led to a crisis of public debt and public deficits in most developed countries. The aims of our thesis are: firstly, to clarify the fiscal response to the 2007-2008 financial crisis on public debt, deficit and economic growth in seven countries in the euro area and highlight the policies of fiscal adjustment that followed the crisis. Secondly, to e present the main determinants of the fiscal multiplier (which measures the effect of the deficit on economic growth). And analyze this effect in the case of fiscal adjustment by a meta-analysis and meta-regression on the existing values in the literature regarding the size of the multiplier. Thirdly, we study the impact of fiscal adjustment following the financial crisis on economic growth and public debt in France. We realize a causal analysis between the three variables (public debt, economic growth and public deficit) taken two by two for the period 1980-2014. The effect of the crisis is studied taking into account the break point on the curve of each time series and then comparing the two deducted semi-series
Le, Quang Gaëtan. "Une analyse de la régulation bancaire par le marché après la crise : la discipline de marché contre-attaque". Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100092.
Texto completo da fonteThe great financial crisis can be interpreted as the failure of market discipline: banks were indeed massively bailed out to prevent the financial system from collapsing. After the crisis, banking regulation has thus evolved to tackle the new issues raised by the crisis. Market discipline is nonetheless still given a great importance in the new framework. In this thesis, we study how market discipline has been reactivated after the crisis. We specifically focus on the question of information disclosure (which lies at the core of both accounting rules and of the third pillar of Basel 3) and on that of the promotion of market discipline though the implementation of regulatory requirements in subordinated instruments as coco bonds. To do so, the first chapter of this thesis is dedicated to an analysis of the relationships between information disclosure, transparency and financial stability. Doing so, we show that those relationships are ambiguous so that information transparency cannot be thought as a sufficient condition for market discipline to work efficiently. The second chapter of this thesis inquires what could be the consequences of the implementation of the accounting rules that have been developed after the financial crisis on the behavior of banks. Finally, in the third chapter of this thesis we show that the current will to enforce market discipline through complex financial instruments (such as coco bonds) appears as a dangerous oversight of history. Those bonds are indeed associated with a great systemic risk and could thus act as a transmission channel of a crisis, precisely as securitized products did during the last crisis
Nguyen, Mai Lan. "Financial contagion and interactions between financial markets during global crises". Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1G033.
Texto completo da fonteIn this thesis, we firstly focus on modeling financial market linkages to verify the degree of volatility spillovers, comovement, interdependence and contagion/flight to quality during financial crises. Our estimations require precise modeling of conditional variances-covariances and significant changes in dynamic conditional correlations between indices. As a result, we use some extensions of multivariate GARCH models, specific tests of contagion and Markov regime-switching models. The thesis results reveal clear evidence of volatility spillovers, coexistence of contagion and flight to quality, and the role of hedge funds in these phenomena during the ongoing financial crisis. This thesis further highlights the asymmetry effects of positive and negative shocks on volatility and correlations of hedge fund strategy returns, and explores the determinant factors of these correlations
Abidi, Nordine. "Three Essays in Empirical Finance". Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU10059.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis comprises three research papers that I wrote during the Ph.D. program at Toulouse School of Economics (TSE). During part of the time, I was also affiliated with the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Each chapter is self-contained and can be read individually. While they cover rather different topics, they are all primarily empirical in nature and largely share empirical methods. This thesis draws new perspectives on debates regarding (i) the role of experience on funds’ financial performances and the subsequent portfolio shifts during the Eurozone crisis (ii) the financial and real effects of a new market based policy implemented in France in 2014 (iii) the impact of the unconventional monetary policies led by advanced economies post-2008 on capital flows to frontier and emerging markets. All the papers aim to formulate insightful policy recommendations. In the first article, (jointly written with Yonglei Wang) we show how experience matters for professional investors. We expect funds to outperform in geographical areas where they have obtained experience. Using a new micro-data on U.S equity funds’ holdings, we explore this idea by exploiting the sharp deterioration of sovereign creditworthiness in the European periphery by the late 2009. Specifically, we compare funds which have past exposures to Eurozone stock markets ("experts") to those which are newly exposed ("neophytes") and show that experience translates into higher returns in Eurozone sub-portfolios during the crisis. We investigate the economic mechanism of this pattern and find that: (i) funds shifted in a profitable way their Eurozone sub-portfolios vector away from big caps and towards smaller caps; and that; (ii) the reallocation was mostly driven by the experts. Our results highlight the role of experience as a first-order driver of funds’ profitability during the European sovereign debt crisis. In the second article (jointly written with Mwanza Nkusu and Burcu Hacibedel) we study the macroeconomic changes of the so-called frontier markets. Over the last two decades, frontier market economies (FMs) received significantly larger than usual private portfolio flows. This paper investigates whether with regard to capital flows; FMs actually resemble emerging markets (EMs) or remain as the rest of low-income developing countries (LIDCs). Using a sample of developing countries covering the period 2000-2014, we exploit the accommodative monetary policies in advanced economies – starting in 2008 – to show that : (i) portfolio flows to FMs as a share of GDP outstripped those to EMs by about 0.6 percentage point ; (ii) however, during years of heightened stress in global financial markets, portfolio flows to FMs dried out and were not statistically different from flows to EMs ; and that (iii) FMs have become more integrated into international financial markets. Our findings point to greater vulnerability of FM economies to capital flow reversals. In the third article (jointly written with Yonglei Wang and Augustin Landier), we examine the impact of a new market-based program. In January 2014, the French government introduced a new share savings plan – the PEA-PME – with the principle aims to diversify companies sources of funding and create a new financing tool for small and mid-sized enterprises. We exploit the discrete nature of firm eligibility to show that: (i) the start of the program produced a cumulative abnormal return and a temporary improvement in liquidity for eligible firms ; (ii) these firms reduced leverage ; and that ; (iii) equity-funds have increased their holdings for this sample of firms. Overall, our results suggest significantly differential effects of the program for small-sized and mid-sized firms located at the frontier of eligibility
Samet, Nesrine. "Persistance des performances des hedge funds a l’epreuve de la crise financiere". Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020004.
Texto completo da fonteThis dissertation provides a contribution to hedge funds performance analysis in a financialmarket instability context. The objective of this thesis is twofold. The first aim is to examine thedependence structure between alternative measures of absolute performance, highlighting the impactof the database switch and analysis period changing on the leaderboard of hedge funds indexes.In this framework, we propose to compare the performance of five hedge funds indexes extractedfrom three different databases. The analysis is conducted over three periods : a pre-crisis period, acrisis period and an overall period. Our findings show that the performance evaluation and dependancebetween performance indicators are highly sensitive to the analysis period. In addition, wefind that there is no "universal" index that can represent hedge funds universe. The second thesis’spurpose is related to the hedge funds performance stability over three horizons : the short term,the medium term and the long term. Firstly, it appears that hedge funds performance persistence isnot a long term phenomenon. Secondly, the persistence level is highly dependent to the investmentstrategy and to the performance indicator used
Majidi, Elmehdi. "Finance islamique et croissance économique : quelles interactions dans les pays MENA". Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU2001/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis dissertation contains three essays on different issues on mergers and acquisitions, left unexplored or unresolved by the existing literature. The first study examine the relationship between Islamic finance development and economic growth in a panel of 15 MENA and Sout-est-asia countries over the 2000-2009 period, using a variety of econometric methods and four standard measures of Islamic financial development. The study identifies two sets of findings. First, fixed effects estimation, panel-data-instrument variables regressions and GMM-difference estimator reveal that the relationship between Islamic financial development and economic growth is positive. The semiparametric panel model shows that there is evidence of nonlinearity in the data. The second study, assess empirically the effect of the 2007-2008 subprime financial crisis on Islamic banks using a sample of 27 Islamic banks and 43 conventional banks during the period from 2005 to 2009. Using the Z-score as indicator of bank stability the results of our regression analysis show that there is no difference in terms of the effect of the financial crisis on the soundness of Islamic bank and their conventional counterparts. The third study aims to examine the volatility of Islamic stock index compared to their conventional counterparts. Five major Islamic stock indexes have been the subject of our third study as well as their conventional counterparts. Covering a time period from 12/02/2009 to 12/02/2014. The application of Granger causality tests detected different causalities during the period, between the returns series under study. Employing Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedastic (GARCH), our results indicate that, four among five Islamic stock indexes were less volatile than their conventional counterparts. But, one Islamic index are more volatile than their conventional counterpart
Smith, Bradley. "La Dialectique du néolibéralisme aux États-Unis : aux origines de « révolution conservatrice » et de la crise financière de 2008". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA143/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis dissertation aims to study the economic, social, political and ideological transformations that have characterized the development of neoliberalism in the United States, from the rise of the conservative movement that brought Ronald Reagan to power in 1980 to the financial crisis of 2008. Neoliberalism can be defined as an ideology that claims the free market and the private sector to be superior to government intervention, as a package of economic policies that aim to liberate market forces from government constraints, and as a mode of governance based on corporate management practices. Although many studies have been published on neoliberalism, each of them tends to focus on a limited dimension of the subject, such as its ideological, political, or international dimension. Given this fragmentation, there is a lack of studies that attempt to understand the specific development of neoliberalism in the United States from a holistic point of view. In order to achieve this goal, Jean-Paul Sartre’s “progressive-regressive” method appears to be an effective approach. While Sartre developed this method as an epistemological tool for the humanities, few researchers have attempted to make use of it. By applying it to the study of American neoliberalism, this dissertation hopes to contribute not only to the knowledge a topical subject, but also to the development of new research methods in the field of civilizational studies
Orgiazzi, Elsa. "Essais sur le partage de la valeur ajoutée et les inégalités". Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX24016.
Texto completo da fonteAkiobé, Songolo Michèle Patricia. "La crise des subprimes : vers un meilleur encadrement des risques financiers et juridiques liés à la titrisation des créances". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35857.
Texto completo da fonteSecuritization of receivables is an operation that allows banks to finance themselves on the financial markets at a lower cost and without too much risk. To carry out the operation, the banks sell the loans they have granted to a structure which will then be responsible for placing them with investors. In addition, securitization also allows banks to manage the risks associated with loans. With the advent of this operation, banks are less concerned about the quality and financial capacity of borrowers. Once the loan is granted, they create portfolios of receivables that will be transferred later. Another form of securitization is to transfer only the risk associated with the loans without taking these loans out of the bank's balance sheet: It’s a synthetic securitization. These two forms of securitization, traiditional and synthetic, were used in the United States and contributed to the explosion of the housing bubble that led to a financial crisis in 2008: the subprime crisis. Securitization has, therefore, caused the risk-spreading movement that has followed on the financial markets. The subprimes are variable risk mortgage loans to low-income US households. The rate is low the first years but increases gradually. Securitizing this type of loan is to propagate the risk of non-repayment of borrowers to all the various stakeholders in the chain. And that's what happened: the rates were raised, and the borrowers were not able to ensure the payment of different monthly payments causing a blockage of the entire circuit. Things happened this way because in the markets at that time, the lure of gain prevailed over the respect of almost non existent rules. This thesis proposes solutions for financial market supervision and for securitization operations specifically. Between the law of the market, the rule of law and ethics, the recommendations made in this dissertation are complementary to the actions of the various regulators, national and international.
Atsin, Aimeric Laurent. "Incidences de la crise économique mondiale sur les pays en voie de développement : cas de la Côte d'Ivoire : analyse macroéconomique en équilibre générale calculable des canaux de transmissions de la crise". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22202.
Texto completo da fonteSinapi, Christine. "Crises financières et gouvernance mondiale : intégration financière des économies émergentes et crises d'illiquidité : une analyse en termes de fragilité financière internationale". Dijon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DIJOE006.
Texto completo da fonteThis dissertation offers an analysis of emerging economies financial crises. It aims to explain the following observation: at the end of the 1990’s, the development of international financial integration in emerging economies coincided with an increase of their financial instability, taking the form of systemic liquidity crises with sudden stops. The analysis of this relationship is inspired from Minsky’s financial fragility concept and from the so-called “third generation” crisis models. International financial integration includes two distinctive components: the first is the de facto financial integration (increase in transnational capital flows); the second is the de jure financial integration, which refers to financial liberalization policies. The potential effects of these two elements are examined successively. In emerging economies, de facto integration has been accompanied by an increase in international capital flows (capital surge) and an increase in the part of portfolio investments. The first hypothesis is that this may constitute a form of international financial fragility. In this context, such fragility appears as a necessary condition to a systemic liquidity crisis and may be sufficient to trigger liquidity problems including endogenous sudden stops. The second hypothesis is that de jure financial integration may be the source of an institutional fragility, the effect of which is to encourage the development of financial fragility and thus the risk of a crisis. The concept of institutional fragility is inspired from Minsky's latest researches, of which an interpretation and extension is proposed. The results from this theoretical analysis are illustrated by the cases of 1990’s emerging economies' crises. To conclude, some perspectives regarding international financial governance directly derive from this analysis, which should lead to further research
Sourang, Mame Diarra. "La finance islamique et les marchés boursiers". Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29724/29724.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteEl, Khatib Nadine. "La contractualisation de la gouvernance d'entreprise face à l'évolution des réseaux contractuels interne et externe à la société anonyme cotée : étude comparative entre le droit français et le système anglo-américain". Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1G047.
Texto completo da fonteThe recurrence of financial scandals since the 1970s have demonstrated the failure of the vertical mechanisms implemented to impose Corporate Governance rules using the disclosure based model. The reason for this failure is related to the evolution of the public limited incorporated joint stock company, that led, in turn, to the evolution of corporate governance problems. These problems have always been limited to the agency conflicts between shareholders and managers and to the conflicts of interest among internal stakeholders. Today, corporate governance problems are mainly related to the external stakeholders network of the company. The 2000-2001 scandals as well as the Subprime crisis have shown that the external contractual stakeholders such as bankers, lawyers, external auditors etc. Have played a major role in causing the companies involved to collapse. Since the contractual external stakeholders are gaining more power to affect the rights of internal stakeholders; and since the internal stakeholders network has a contractual basis, and finally because the contract is gaining a larger place in organising internal realtionships in the company such as through shareholders agreements, imposing corporate governance rules through contracting might be considered a better solution. The idea is to use the genius and skills of contract drafters to the benefits of corporate governance in order to strengthen the bargaining power of all internal and external stakeholders and allow them to insert corporate governance principles in their contracts
Diop, Samba. "La Stabilisation d'une économie globalisée instable : une contribution inspirée des travaux de H. P. Minsky". Amiens, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AMIE0056.
Texto completo da fonteOur thesis studies the articulation between the Financial Instability Hypothesis (FIH) and the Money Manager Capitalism (MMC) description in Minsky's work in order to précise his contributions to the debate of the 1997 Asian financial crisis and 2007 North American financial crisis. Our work contributes to financial crises analysis through the following results : 1- An inventory on FIH debate which points out the unresolved problem of micro-macro articulation leading us to underline the institutional dimension, in the light of Minsky's later works. 2- An analysis of contributions and limits of FIH analytic conséquences in the characterization of MMC, which clarifies Minsky's specificity in the post-Keynesian approach. 3- An identification of endogenous factors of the Asian crisis, according to these two interpretations (micro and macro) of the financial bases of capitalism's instability, which enables to illuminate the doxical character of the debate on the respective responsibilities of liberalization and the "quality" of institutions. 4-A review of post-Keynesian debate on endogenous/ exogenous character of the subprime crisis according to a pluralist approach reinforces the idea of path dependency on institutional change in finance. Our work presents an explanation of macroeconomic and institutional conditions of endogenous behaviours evolution leading to the crisis. This analysis replaces wage deflation at the heart of financial vulnerability and then on the normative debate
Pardanaud, Cyrielle. "La crise de l'Etat de Californie dans les années 2000 : enjeux institutionnels et choix politiques dans un contexte économique perturbé". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA049.
Texto completo da fonteThis dissertation focuses on the institutional and political reasons behind the severity and length of the crises that the State of California went through during the first decade of the 2000s. After several years of economic growth that generated significant budget surpluses, several crises hit the Golden State. The first started after the bursting of the dotcom bubble in 2000 and was directly followed by a power crisis resulting from a failed deregulation of the supply chain system. This coincided with the beginning of an era of budget deficits that would last for a decade. Finally, this time period had seen the worst crisis since the 1930s: the Great Recession that originated from the bursting of a housing bubble in 2007 and was followed by a global financial crisis that culminated in the Golden State in the year 2009.The consequences of these crises were particularly severe in California and this dissertation aims at identifying the reasons accounting for this severity. It first stresses that the significant diversity of interests that comes from the state’s size, its economic structure and its socio-ethnic profile slows down political decision-making and increases its complexity. It can even result in an unequal representation of those interests. In addition, political partisanship is very high, and recession periods tend to increase this divide. This is one of the reasons behind the political and budget gridlocks of the 2000s that prevented legislators from promptly and efficiently dealing with the consequences of the recessions. Handling these consequences was also made difficult by the shift in power from local governments to the state, resulting in a slowing down of the decision-making process as well as in a shortage of funds. Besides, even though direct democracy has proved efficient in allowing citizens to circumvent gridlocks, it appears that a few propositions adopted through the initiative process have had unintended negative consequences like limiting the ability of elected officials to adjust revenues and expenditures in a timely manner. Indeed, the volatility of the California tax structure tends to be exacerbated when the economy takes a hit. This volatility is rather hard to offset both because the state does not tax services and a two-thirds majority vote is required to amend the tax code. Finally, several political decisions can be questioned, sometimes because they were made in favor of special interest groups while being detrimental to the public good. We conclude that the severity of the crises the Golden State went through during the 2000s results from a combination of both institutional and political weaknesses
Verger, De Oliveira Christelle. "Passions financières et manipulations médiatiques : le discours de la presse en temps de crise". Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0120.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis is devoted to the semiotic study of the passionate dimension of journalistic writingsabout the 2008 financial crisis. From a theoretical perspective, this thesis contributes to thegeneral questioning of the semiotics of passions developed by Greimas and Fontanille. Itdescribes the significant theoretical adaptation that semiotics of passions provided, by adding tothe description of the production process of passionate states journalistic writings crisis, theprerequisite of the emotional potential of economic and social situations. From a methodologicalpoint of view, this work is written in the context of open interdisciplinary semiotics. It is locatedwithin an epistemological framework in which the boundaries between semiotics of passions,anthropology, economics and sociology become permeable. For this, we have selected, amongothers, the level of life forms and semiotic interactions developed by Landowski that allow specificanalysis of relationships with others and with action. The journalistic discourse on the crisis thusmarks the starting point of a semiotic reflection on a topical social issue. Our three-step analysisinitially defines journalistic writing as a generative perspective which shows the simplestcomponents as related to complex components in a course that organizes and provokesexchange. The second step shows that the existing passion effects in the economic system arethe result of failures from an incompatibility in internal positioning between the different actors�rationality and freedom. The third part presents the news corpus and exposes the process ofproduction of passionate states
Cheng, Jin. "Essai sur la crise de la zone euro". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAB004/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn this Ph. D. thesis, we analyze the conditions for the emergence and the aggravation of the recent crisis in Europe from 2008 to 2012. The major objective of this Ph. D. thesis is to develop theoretical models which will be effective in investigating the twin banking and sovereign debt crises in a monetary union with a broadly similar institutional design to the EMU before 2012. Different from 'traditional' financial crisis models that shed light on the role of the central bank in crisis policy response, the models developed in this thesis investigate and underline the importance of fiscal crisis management. White accentuating financial vulnerability, we explore the relationship between the banking sector, the realeconomy and the public budget in the context of a monetary union. This thesis consists of four theoretical models of the banking crisis, with the first framework depicting the financial crisis which burst in 2008 in small European economies outside the EMU and the next three models elucidating the crisis situation in the Eurozone from early 2009 until August 2012
Cojocaru, Corina. "Les régimes parlementaires et le mécanisme constitutionnel en Europe centrale et orientale : Albanie, Estonie, Hongrie, Lettonie, Moldavie, République tchèque". Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010364.
Texto completo da fonteAmong the 17 countries from Central and Eastern Europe, only 6 are parliamentary regimes with a type of Govermnent of Cabinet : Albania, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Republic of Moldova and the Czech Republic, where the Presidents are being elected by the Parliaments and the executive power is bicephal. This mode of government is difficult to apply in practice in Central and Eastern Europe, since it raises certain questions in different countries, either because of the fact that the construction of a new political regime depended upon a sub-category of a post-communist model from the period of 1989 (initial, frozen and mature), or because of the fact that some countries do not have a veritable tradition of parliamentary democracy, as well as of the fact that the type of Government of Cabinet was more of a casual choice in the researched region, or because of the fact that the Parliaments from these countries do not have strong powers and a stable parliamentary majority (consequences of the type of electoral scrutiny). We have emphasized in this study the importance of the revision of certain Constitutions, especially in the Republic of Moldova (a country that had several political regimes since the independence proclamation in 1991) and the Czech Republic, as well as a redefinition of the interests of political actors, with a view to strengthen the legality over policy, by the consolidation of the role of the Constitutional Court, hereby defending the Constitution and ensuring a viable parliamentary system, based on real cooperation of all powers, where the Government does not present itself as the “absolute power” over the responsibilities of the Parliament
Tracol, Kévin. "Le rôle des anticipations sur le comportement des épargnants". Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0093.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis analyses the formation of expectations and their impact on the consumption and portfolio choice of French households. First, we assess the wealth effect, which is the impact of variations of financial and housing assets on household consumption. During the crisis of 2008-2009 which affected the wealth anc expectations, the households who suffered from losses on their financial and housing wealth were more inclined to reduce their consumption. Then, we assess the heterogeneity of expectations regarding stock returns. More specifically, w* show that the personal experience plays a significant role on expectation formation. Indeed, the households who benefitted from gains on their financial assets in the past expect a higher stock return. However, the results also emphasize the Importance of financial knowledge in the formation of expectations. Finally, we analyse to which extent the heterogeneity of expectations might explain the differences in portfolio choices. In this context, we show that the agents who expect a higher stock return hold a higher share of stocks in their wealth. Nevertheless, the effect of expected risk is not significant, contrary to the predictions of standard portfolio choice theory. The inaccuracy of answers, which we interpret as an indication of the confidence of the respondents regarding their own expectations, is negatively correlated to the share of stocks in the wealth
Ruccella, Loredana. "L’économiquement correct : analyse du discours euphémique sur la crise dans la presse française et italienne". Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100033/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of this work is to study the way in which the euphemization of economic speech, vulgarized by general press, supports the elaboration of a homogeneous and standardized speech characterized by the use of some speech techniques supporting neoliberalism. This speech will be called economically correct. This work is based upon a corpus consisting of a set of articles from the economic pages of the national French and Italian dailies Le Monde, Libération, Le Figaro, La Stampa, La Repubblica et Il Corriere della Sera
Bakhit, Waël. "Vers un nouveau modèle bancaire créateur de valeur : le cas du Liban". Perpignan, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PERP1186.
Texto completo da fonteMalard, Lucile. "Evolution des facteurs psychosociaux au travail et de la santé mentale en période de crise économique dans les populations au travail en France et en Europe". Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VERS036V.
Texto completo da fonteSince 2008, the developed countries have had to face a severe economic crisis which could have affected psychosocial working conditions and mental health. The aim of this thesis was to assess the changes in psychosocial work factors and in mental health in the working populations in Europe and in France in times of the 2008 economic crisis, and to study whether these changes were different according to various subgroups of population.Data from European periodical cross-sectional surveys in 30 European countries in 2005 and 2010 (73496 employees) and a national prospective French survey in 2006 and 2010 (5600 workers) were used.Psychosocial work factors displayed mixed changes among European employees between 2005 and 2010, with both deteriorations and improvements, and worsened in France between 2006 and 2010, especially among women. Workers in the countries highly hit by the crisis, younger workers, low-skilled workers and public sector workers were more likely to be affected by these negative changes. No change in mental disorders was found in the French working population. Nevertheless, behaviours and indicators of mental health (alcohol use, smoking, sleep problems and self-reported health) worsened between 2006 and 2010, in particular among younger workers and workers with permanent contract.Prevention policies could be useful to reduce the deterioration of psychosocial working conditions and mental health especially among some subgroups of population most affected by this deterioration
Abadou, Mostafa. "Le système bancaire marocain après la crise financière de 2008 : difficultés d’adaptation des techniques de régulation européennes et nécessité de mise en place des mécanismes adaptés". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB169.
Texto completo da fonteThe extent of the 2008 financial crisis' diffusion gave rise to strenuous and far-reaching debates about international financial stability. In fact, the question of financial instituions' social responsability seen as a financial stability vector has become the center of every debate. Financial instituions' governance and risk management devices have not only highlighted the vulnerability of the banking system, but also its inability to deal with liquidity requirements. With no doubt,banks have not been cautions enough to evaluate the risks they were taking. After the crisis, many institutional reforms were carried out at the initiative of banking and financial regulatory authorities, both at national and international levels, to tackle the numerous shortcomings and deficiencies found in the financial sector's regulation and supervision system. Under the Advanced Status, signed in October 2008, the Kingdom of Morocco has tried hard to reduce the gap between the Moroccan and the European legislations. In fact, it has agreed to move closer to European standards on the legislative and regulatory level aiming to be more integrated into the European internal market and to have a more efficient economy. Nevertheless, the banking system doesn't seem to adhere to the changes that were induced by this convergence work. Thus, there is still some way to go in this direction, not to mention that such a total convergence would take "years"! This thesis attempts to examine the difficulties of adapting European regulatory techniques to the Moroccan financial system, particularly through the Moroccan banks' control system and the supervision of mechanisms that take place under the "Shadow Banking" and the derivative market. It emphasizes all of the challenges this industry will have to face in the coming years. After an analysis of the main difficulties of adapting European regulatory techniques to the Moroccan financial system (Part I), some solutions are suggested,namely Islamic finance as a complement to the conventional one, financial inclusion as a solution aiming to reduce poverty and create jobs, and "Crowdfunding" as a financing tool for the mass individual investors to back start up projects, and a solution to the credit tightening phenomenon after the crisis of 2008 (Part II)
Dahmani, Mohammed. "Les effets de la crise financière et bancaire de 2007-2008 sur les comportements des banques : ces effets ont-ils changé les comportements des banques ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1097.
Texto completo da fonteThe thesis problem: how the effects of the financial and banking crisis of 2007-2008 have influenced the behavior of banks and what do they consist of ? To do this, we showed, first, that the balance sheet and income statement are good explanatory tools of strategic and operational behavior of banks. Due to the special responsibility of the large banks in this crisis, we used data of the top 200 global banks listed in the 2006 (pre-crisis) and 2012 (post-crisis) classifications, retrieved from the database "The Banker". We used the exploratory factor analysis to discover the latent factors which influence the banks behaviors, in a comparative static logic. The results show that this crisis has actually changed these behaviors. From the strategic positioning perspective, the trend of the European banks after the crisis is the "retail-funded" banking model. In 2006, the positioning was heterogeneous with a "cocktail" of "retail-funded", "wholesale-funded" and "trading" banks. For the North American and Asia-Pacific banks, which was already specialized in the "retail-funded" in 2006, will remain so for 2012. In terms of operational behavior, European banks pass from a strong focus on profitability, before the crisis, to a reinforcement of capital adequacy, after the crisis. The banks of North America and Asia-Pacific, which were focused on the activity, before the crisis, will give more importance to the profitability after the crisis. In conclusion, two recommendations for the financial regulators : ensure that the trend in matter of strategic positioning of the banks is oriented to the “retail-funded” model and pay special attention to the size of the balance sheet
Argyriadi, Elena-Evanthia. "Un trouble psychotique sur l'Acropole : les effets de la précarité économique et sociale sur la prise en charge des malades mentaux au 21ème siècle". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0489.
Texto completo da fonteThe present thesis is rooted in our professional practice as clinical psychologist. We have been working in institutions that accommodate psychotic patients for over a decade. After having sunk into the intense practice of the profession, a time of taking a step back for reflexion has appeared to be necessary to us, if not vital. The crisis that hit Greece in 2009 had immediate, massive and long term effects on the country’s institutions, specifically on the institutions of health care.Consequently, what place for the clinic in the context of this « contemporary subjective enclosure », in this actual of the professional’s intervention in the area of the subject’s intimacy during a situation of crisis? What are the effects for the patients, as well as for the caregivers, when the work of intimacy is actualised on a precarious background, whilst the professionals represent, against their will, a social (dys)function through their inscription in the institutional?Dealing with the question of the clinician’s desire in a time of crisis, a very special problem is raised. In fact, how do we pass from the question of the incapacity in the imaginary to the question of the impossible in the real?We form the hypothesis that, by the time an encounter happens between the real of psychosis and the socio-economic real, it produces an aggravation of disorders on the patient’s side, as well as a melancolisation of desire on the therapist’s side. What we handle in this research, unites the forces of invention and creation, put in place to defend against these effects of the real of the Greek crisis
Barredo, Zuriarrain Juan Maria. "Le Système monétaire international comme facteur d'instabilité : une ébauche de réforme". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAE010/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe worrying situation of the international economy in the last years clearly shows the necessity to rethink the international economic regulation. This PHD thesis focuses on the study of the International Monetary System (IMS) and claims that it is a destabilizing factor. The research has a two-fold purpose. First, it shows that the use of national money at an international level creates tensions that can ultimately lead to economic crisis. Once this assertion is verified, some proposals are made for a structural reform of the IMS.For this double aim, a heterogeneous theoretical approach is built in order to detect inherent tensions of the IMS in different historical contexts. On that basis, the thesis argues that while international economic relations develop, the IMS creates inherent tensions that make it difficult to grant a stable management of international liquidity.In the light of this, two analysis are developed in this research. First, it is shown how inherent tensions have repeatedly appeared in the international economy since the generalization of the “key-currency” system. Second, the research explains the different national strategies pursued both for the integration in the IMS and for relieving the observed tensions. Recent tensions in the United States and in the Eurozone are studied carefully. From the study of these cases one main conclusion is made about the instability of the IMS, which is that crisis occurs due to destabilizing dynamics in a liberalized financial system and from accumulated tensions inside and among monetary zones.Finally, in order to correct the failures observed in the international monetary architecture, some structural reforms are proposed, both in the financial field and in the monetary one
Gouzi, Vincent. "L'Industrie Grecque de la reconstruction à la crise 1950-2014 : transformation du produit et permanence des structures d'emploi". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCF025/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe statistical and bibliographical sources show that the Greek Industry of the last 50 years is not a field of ruins which the recent crisis would have finished destroying. It has followed the general evolution in the world of the industrial product towards the industrial service and the immaterial or cultural forms and thereby escaped to historians sight. It holds in Greece a place similar to that hold in the European Union. Its specialization strongly increased because of its insertion in competitive spaces and because of the crisis. It occupies original spaces in Greece, which favor the evolution of the product and its distribution on the whole territory, far from the traditional opposition between Athens and the province. His Diaspora in the world helped to build aparticularly opened foreign trade. The company is the geometrical place of the growth, as it is of the adaptation to the crisis, particularly violent since 2010. The company led the industrial restructuring, the reduction of the employment and the modification of the forms of employment, but also the recovery of the productivity and the restoration of its financial autonomy. The latter is built in a original way, based as well on the family self-financing as on the practices of delaying payments of bank and administrative debts. These corporate strategies invite to a closer observation of the entrepreneurialité in Greece, its vigour, its characteristics in terms of size, legal form and employment. They point to the role of the family and its values in the historic construction of the entrepreneurial spirit, in properties of some branches of industry, in the relation between companies and the State
Mengue, m'engouang Darlane. "Ingérences étrangères dans les crises politiques en Mauritanie et en Guinée de 2008 à 2013". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1043.
Texto completo da fonteOver many years, numerous African States are facing serious issues due to the reappraisal or challenges of their so called democratic political system. Also, in the year 2008, the existing political conditions in both Mauritania and Guinea were destroyed by a coup d'état known as coup (e.g., putsch, or an overthrow), respectively in August and December of the same year; And over the days, these two states entered into political crisis considered as implying actions to be taken or steps toward civil war. The international community is highly considering these above mentions two states, for they are respectively parts the very geographical spaces threatened by constant instability such as the Sahel-Saharan zone (e.g., Mauritania) and the west-African sub-region (e.g., Guinea). In accordance with regulations and provisions by international law, we could acknowledge the involvement of the international community amongst the African Union, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), France and the United States, in order to lead the post-crisis process in each country. This thesis endeavors to investigate all the aspects with respect of these foreign interventionists, while highlighting the factors that trigger off these two political crises. Meanwhile, this thesis contributes to examine the principles and fundamental stakeholders of this external interference from these countries. Hence, the overall system, allows understanding the versatility of external forces or foreign actors standing out each coup d'état or "stroke of state"
Cojocaru, Corina. "Les régimes parlementaires et le mécanisme constitutionnel en Europe centrale et orientale : Albanie, Estonie, Hongrie, Lettonie, Moldavie et République Tchèque". Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA01A260.
Texto completo da fonteDahmani, Mohammed. "Les effets de la crise financière et bancaire de 2007-2008 sur les comportements des banques : ces effets ont-ils changé les comportements des banques ?" Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1097.
Texto completo da fonteThe thesis problem: how the effects of the financial and banking crisis of 2007-2008 have influenced the behavior of banks and what do they consist of ? To do this, we showed, first, that the balance sheet and income statement are good explanatory tools of strategic and operational behavior of banks. Due to the special responsibility of the large banks in this crisis, we used data of the top 200 global banks listed in the 2006 (pre-crisis) and 2012 (post-crisis) classifications, retrieved from the database "The Banker". We used the exploratory factor analysis to discover the latent factors which influence the banks behaviors, in a comparative static logic. The results show that this crisis has actually changed these behaviors. From the strategic positioning perspective, the trend of the European banks after the crisis is the "retail-funded" banking model. In 2006, the positioning was heterogeneous with a "cocktail" of "retail-funded", "wholesale-funded" and "trading" banks. For the North American and Asia-Pacific banks, which was already specialized in the "retail-funded" in 2006, will remain so for 2012. In terms of operational behavior, European banks pass from a strong focus on profitability, before the crisis, to a reinforcement of capital adequacy, after the crisis. The banks of North America and Asia-Pacific, which were focused on the activity, before the crisis, will give more importance to the profitability after the crisis. In conclusion, two recommendations for the financial regulators : ensure that the trend in matter of strategic positioning of the banks is oriented to the “retail-funded” model and pay special attention to the size of the balance sheet
Blavier, Pierre. "Les manifestations socio-économiques du chômage de masse et les réaménagements des budgets de ménage pour y faire face. Le cas de la Grande Récession espagnole (2008-2015)". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0121.
Texto completo da fonteAt the crossroad between Economics and Sociology, this PhD-thesis deals with the social consequences of Recessions and mass unemployment, by focusing on the case of the 2008 Spanish Great Recession. It analyses the household time horizons to face this recessive context, in particular concerning remodelling of consumption, income sources and inequality, grassroot activities and professional trajectories of the unemployed. Such evolutions blur the formal definition of unemployment. For this, the study uses statistical analyses in view of fieldwork material. This latter has been done by using the « ethno compatibility » method, which consists in establishing precise and exhaustive household budgets, regarding their financial dimension, but also their temporal or taste aspects. Therefore this thesis is a contribution to a better understanding of the reaction of living standards in time of recession, tackling in particular its temporal and practical dimensions