Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Criminalité dans les transports publics"
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Labbé, Boris. "Les infractions commises au sein ou à l'encontre des services publics de transports terrestres". Tours, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOUR1002.
Texto completo da fonteThe study of the offences committed within the public services of land transport or against it must first highlight the seriousness of theses offences before emphasizing the necessary improvement to bring in their treatment. The seriousness results as much from the situation of the offences listed as from those experienced by users, nurturing feelings of insecurity. It also results from the legal response to these offences- definitions and proceedings. The need to improve the handling of the offences committed within the public services of land transport or against it concerns first of all incriminations that have to take into account the particular vulnerability existing in these public services. The rewriting of the 15 July Act is not doubt a necessity if we are to improve the means of fighting those offences by reinforcing repressive as well as preventive measures
Belhareth, Taoufik. "Le transport collectif dans les grandes villes tunisiennes Sousse, Sfax et Tunis : constituants et articulations avec l'espace urbain /". Tunis : Faculté des lettres de la Manouba, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37635843p.
Texto completo da fonteBibliogr. p. 321-328.
Gauthier-Lescop, Laure. "Service public et concurrence dans les transports". Dijon, 2006. https://nuxeo.u-bourgogne.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/fd676285-c0a6-44bd-a013-4fde1588ece2.
Texto completo da fonteAs one may oppose efficiency, jurists often oppose public utilities and competition. However, both are not so antagonistic. They may converge as illustrated by the transports, either by air, by sea, by rail or by road, either in France or abroad. First, both aim at protecting individuals against the weaknesses of the economic power. When public utilities prevent users from market failures, competition defend consumers against firms abuses. Second, their protection are likewise based on public authority interventions, consisting in controlling economic liberties either by organizing public utilities or economic regulation. This demonstration is founded on french law, as on community law and comparative law
Le, Deschault de Monredon-Duplantier Marie-Raphaëla. "La qualité de service dans l'offre de transport public urbain". Paris 12, 2003. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002133330204611&vid=upec.
Texto completo da fonteThe goal of the study is to consider the quality as a tool of the modernisation of the public transportation companies which are now in a very competitive market due to the car owners use and the European liberalisation of the public transportation markets. This study concentrates more particularly the diffusion of the quality in the offer constitution of the urban public transportation, i. E. Both in the evolution of the technical enterprise culture and the contract production. We'll show how the introduction of the quality managed by the public transportation systems intervening parties will change the companies & the owners from a production feeling to a production of service with customers
Domenach, Olivier, e Michel Quercy. "Antagonisme ou coexistence de l'économique et du social dans les politiques locales de transports collectifs ?" Aix-Marseille 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX24015.
Texto completo da fonteRelying on case studies this work has been concerned with the evolution urban and interurban public passenger transport services. From an institutional outlook we have searched for the determining factors of the different local policies. Two main ways of considering the question must be distinguished, one is a sector way, the other territorial way. They correspond to two different aspects of social policy: one curative, the other preventive. The first concerns exclusively the people who are "captive" of public transport, the second, which takes into account the whole system of transport and the interactions with the develop of space, implies to meet the needs of the greatest number. This means to have performing networks of buses which will prove there is a synergetic effect between what is social and what is economic
Lorin, Francis. "La compétition intermodale dans les transports publics de voyageurs en Europe dans les années 1980". Paris 9, 1987. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1987PA090079.
Texto completo da fonteSahabana, Maïdadi Plat Didier. "Les autobus en site propre intégral, une solution à la crise des transports dans les grandes agglomérations subsahariennes". Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2006. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr:8080/sdx/theses/lyon2/2006/sahabana_m.
Texto completo da fonteGiorgi, Florence. "Prise en compte des transports en commun de surface dans la modélisation macroscopique de l'écoulement du trafic". Lyon, INSA, 2002. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2002ISAL0101/these.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteIn an urban congested background where the number of personal vehicles keeps on growing, managing other vehicles becomes more and more useful and necessary. To evaluate different strategies, two types of traffic flow models can be used : microscopic models describe each individual vehicle and macroscopic models consider the flow in a global and homogenous manner. Stradabus proposes to adapt a macroscopic model in a way to take buses and their interaction with traffic into account as could behave a moving bottleneck. The model resolution introduces a new discretisation scheme around the bus. Measures have been experimented in the field that allowed calibration and validation of the model
Giorgi, Florence Lesort Jean-Baptiste. "Prise en compte des transports en commun de surface dans la modélisation macroscopique de l'écoulement du trafic". Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2006. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=giorgi.
Texto completo da fonteTelles, Horta Sonia. "Versement transport et financement des transports collectifs urbains : étude du cas français dans une perspective d'application aux villes brésiliennes". Paris 12, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA120020.
Texto completo da fonteThe purpose of this study is to analyze the "versement transport" (vt), a scheme utilized to fund urban public transportation systems (upt) in france. The vt was launched in 1971 (two years later outside of paris) to rehabilitate a deteriorating transport system and to reduce its financial costs to users. Ultimately, the aim of the work is to explore the possibility of using a similar mechanism in brazilian towns facing acute financial problems and where high operating costs are disproportionately borne out by low income population groups. Accordingly, thefirst part explores the organisation and financing of brazilian transportation systems ever since they were brought into the framework of national planning. The second part deals with similar questions in regard to thefrench public transportation systems and presents historical background information leading to the establishment of vt. The third part, drawing from case study material focusing on four cities of 200. 000 to 800. 000 inhabitants, discusses the impact of vt on the upt systems in french towns. The fourth part reviews differences and similarities in the experiences of the two countries and concludes with policy oriented recommendations of relevance to the brazilian situation
Laousse, Dominique. "L'institutionnalisation de l'innovation intensive dans les transports publics. Industrialiser, métaboliser et gouverner l'innovation". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM084/document.
Texto completo da fonteWhile affirming the vital need for technical, economic and social breaks, their conditions of emergence and institutionalization in large companies still remained an object of fundamental research and many questions were still open : what design engineering to face intensive innovation ? What organization should be put in place to professionalize the disruptive processes and integrate them into the strategic agenda ? What model of institutionalization is compatible with this new regime of the firm ? Based on many works spread over more than a decade, in large public transport companies, this thesis shows that the institutionalization of breakthrough innovation is built and analyzed according to a model with three complementary dimensions : the industrialization of innovative design methods, the metabolization of professionalized actors and the governance of intensive innovation. In addition, this model highlights the endogenous process of piloting intensive innovation that is at the heart of this institutionalization. It begins with the routinisation of collaborative innovation devices (KCP) in the form of "laboratories / networks". Demonstrated in a repetitive way, the generative power of these devices gives credibility to new innovative domains, as well as the multiple actors involved. Then emerges a transversal organization (Innovation Intensive function) that capitalizes on new collective metabolism: breakthrough innovation then integrates, with its benchmarks and resources, into the daily activity of the company. On these bases, a real "design" governance, adapted to breakthrough innovation, is then made possible. Thus, the institutionalization of disruptive innovation mobilizes classic forms of institutionalization, but it also distances itself from it by its necessary coupling to the strong cognitive generativity that the rupture requires. Ultimately, this model refers in a certain way to the emergence of the modern enterprise itself, when it has institutionalized scientific research
Lévy, Emmanuelle. "L'inscription des voyageurs dans la production du transport urbain : le cas de la RATP-BUS, les enjeux d'une modernisation au service du public". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EPXX0009.
Texto completo da fonteEfficiency and missions of the french public sector -i. E. French state-owned utilities companies, administration- are questioned. In recent years, end users have been associated within the process of its modernisation. Many utilities companies have explored this avenue to get their customers back as these were highly critical of their performance. Ratp is a particulary good example. Facing an identity crisis related to its economic, social and political roles, ratp (the french state-owned transportation company in the parisian area) has embarked upon a policy explicitly targeting the needs and wishes of commuters. What could be said about the effectiveness of this policy ? has it materialised ? have the voice of travelers penetrated the thinking of the organisation of the company ? are there lessons to be drawn from this experience that could be generalised as guidelines for action to other utilities companies ? the bus network has been a suitable material to tackle these issues. The thesis focuses on the designing, the managing, the forecasting and the assessment of the supply chain for transportation. The determination of supply can be seen as a focal point where the organisation translates the travelers' needs into shedules that can be met by the company to satisfy the customers' expectations, where organisational constraints have to adapt to the new requirements in transportation. This balancing process ends in the definition of the service which will be delivered to commuters by the company. Studying the supply chain of transportation service from the various possible angles in order to assess the real input of customers, their role both as individual citizens and members of social or interest groups involved in the definition of the company policy, identifying the stumbling blocks in the process of providing the service, lie at the heart of the thesis
Sennane, Bouzid. "Politique de transports urbains et mobilisation quotidienne de la main-d'oeuvre : l'intégration transports publics - transport-employeur, dans le cas d'Alger". Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX2A002.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of this research is to assess the efficiency of public transport and company-owned transportation in relation to the home-work travel needs in Algiers industries. Investment in transport had been neglected by the SAD (Algerian Strategy for Development) in the seventies. At the same time, land planning has encouraged a large increase in activities and population concentration along the main Algerian coastal regions. The capital city and its surrounding area would therefore be particularly hit by these economic and planning choices, which lead to a continuous degradation of the transportation environment. Algerian companioned transportation opportunities could be an efficient response to the situation, by offering transportation means to their employees. In France, the provision of transportation by companies for their personnel is part of their strategy for recruiting and managing staff. Its importance has decreased since 1980. When it reached 5% of the modal split. In the Algiers area, this trend concerns more thane 60% of home-work trips in industry (140. 000 jobs) and implies relevant means of transportation (over 6. 000 vehicles). It appears interesting to move the analysis for: the job market economics towards the field of land use and transport economics
Gualino, Tamonino Matthieu. "La gouvernance de la sûreté des transports". Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU10068.
Texto completo da fonteLe résumé en anglais n'a pas été communiqué par l'auteur
Mbatchou, Lazare. "Le transfert de technologie dans le cadre de la gestion d'une entreprise de transports collectifs urbains en Afrique noire francophone : l'analyse de la SOTUC à Yaoundé". Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX24006.
Texto completo da fonteThe failure of industrial investments in developing countries appear as a consequence of the lake of know how transfert, particulary the know how of services. In urban mass transportation, the production, managment and maintaining of equipments prove this observation. But in the present situation, the interaction betwen protagonists is very capital. Public authorities don't perceive that the creation of urban mass transportation institutions is urgent. In these conditions, not the multinational, the main responsible of transfert, nor the managers can work for the general economic interest. There is not a financial interest of them. They can not surmount all the constraints, specially the public authorities one. The way to manage what exist in a context of ressources restriction is to find applicable solutions which could leave to the managers the margin of li berty to work with the preoccupations of the future, and not to be concerned about present interest
Huska-Chiroussel, Véronique. "Le guidage dans les transports : analyse expérimentale et comparative de différents types d'aide". Lyon 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2000/vhuska-chiroussel.
Texto completo da fonteHuska-Chiroussel, Véronique Martin Robert. "Le guidage dans les transports analyse expérimentale et comparative de différents types d'aide /". Lyon : Université Lyon 2, 2000. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr:8080/sdx//theses/lyon2/2000/vhuska-chiroussel.
Texto completo da fonteMattern, Julien. "Sociologie critique de l'innovation technologique : le cas de la télébillettique dans les transports publics parisiens". Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100202.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis deals with human and social issues of technological development, by analyzing the specific case of electronic ticketing (the “Navigo” pass) in parisian public transport. The first part of this work analyzes the consequences of technological innovation on the work of employees involved (bus drivers, sales agents, inspectors and maintenance agents). Then, it considers the reasons why these effects have not been taken seriously by the sociology of labour. In a second step, we analyze the electronic ticketing in the terms of a classical sociology of innovation (Callon, Latour). It shows the views and practical problems encountered by the main instigators of the project. Since its inception (in mid-1980), this innovation has been particularly marked by a tension between a commercial and a technical point of view. We point out the implicit biases that underlie its a-critical views (technical evolutionism and ideology of needs), and we stress out their lack of relevance for the “Navigo” case. The third part applies to the “Navigo” different critical grids of analysis (marxist theory of automation, critical theory of control, critical theory of neoliberalism), before considering this innovation in the current “technological tsunami” context (Tibon-Cornillot)
Barnier, Louis-Marie. "Entre service public et service privé : la valorisation du travail dans le transport aérien". Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100091.
Texto completo da fonteThe French air deregulation, since 1987, with the privatisation policy, disrupt the work context in this sector. The different parts of air labour studied here – air attendants, ground handling, check-in, pilots – decline work in common configuration, the “global figure always changing” from N. Elias. The working act is writing as a contradictory fact between the both paradigms, profitability and public service. The ambivalent nature of the work's bureaucratic normalization make theatre of stakes. The same problem occur with redefines of cooperation between professional groups and air technical paradigm, The improvement of value and of the image of work in the imaginary representation, consists for the salaried in defending, in the imposed profitability context, the public service dimension, especially air safety
Torres, Vargas Guillermo. "Le transport rural comme support matériel de la mobilité et des activités économiques et sociales : sa participation dans le développement régional du Mexique". Aix-Marseille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX24005.
Texto completo da fonteThe progressively worsening regional imbalance, which threatens to disrupt the regional structure of the country, is the result of rural migration towards urban centres, the high concentration of inhabitants in the central regions (of the country) as will as the movement of population towards the northern border. The rural sector must cope with a lack of infrastructures and services necessary for its development. When one considers the problem of transport in country areas, it becomes clear that one of the principal reasons for the disparity between different levels of power and (between) different economic and social sectors of the country. Transport in rural areas may provide a means to gain access to urban facilities. In most cases however, these services never reach the areas in need. The flow of migration is conditioned by a fall in agricultural activity and by a marled industrialisation of the country. These movements of population require that special attention be addressed to new problem such as marginal employment and the appearance of fringe groups
Nocquet, Marie-Stéphanie. "Du projet ferroviaire à la politique de transport dans les espaces périurbains français : le cas des agglomérations de Nantes, Orléans et Tours". Tours, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOUR1501.
Texto completo da fonteMendonça, Bastos Marta Maria de. "Croissance économique et crise des transports urbains au Brésil : une analyse socio-économique : le cas des transports publics dans l'agglomération urbaine de Fortaleza". Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX24010.
Texto completo da fonteMacro economics and political analysis of the crises in public services in third world and brazil the study of public transports services in urban areas. Hypothesis : crises in essentials public services are issued from the excluding model of development by industrialisation and lacic of public politics. The consequences of those phenomena are : intense migrations, urban explosion, low level of public services, specially : health education and transports. Also the exclusion of the majority of the thirs world and Brazilian societies of the fruits of this industrial growth
Rijo, Christine. "La petite délinquance du rail de 1845 à 1905 dans les départements de l'Hérault, de l'Aude et du Gard". Montpellier 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON10039.
Texto completo da fonteAlleaume, Marc. "Concurrences et complémentarités entre les secteurs moderne et informel : les transports collectifs urbains dans les grandes métropoles d'Afrique noire francophone (avec des références particulières à Brazzaville et Yaoundé)". Bordeaux 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR1D017.
Texto completo da fonteFacing the evolution of urban public transport systems, it seems to us that the growing difficulties of travel in big cities of french-speaking black africa can be resolved only by a reflection on transport systems taken as a whole. After justifying conditions under which it could be viewed to give a larger part to informal forms in urban servicing, the challenge is to formulate some propositions for the promotion of more efficient systems, that is to say systems better linked to demand and to the economic, financial and social contexts. This last chapter deals with considerations about the performing of the system and of each form. Recent trends of rehabilitation of public enterprises and the questionning about the notion of public service in this specific environment, the role of public authorities in financement, tarification and reglementation, the hopes we can express for small-scale enterprises and professional associations and their potential role in the mutation and the training of the artisanal sector, the evolution of the activity as regards as the development phenomenon are also discussed
De, Grove-Valdeyron Nathalie. "Les procédures de passation des marchés et le contrôle de l'application des règles communautaires dans les secteurs de l'eau, de l'énergie, des transports et des télécommunications". Toulouse 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU10031.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of the dissertation is the study of market procurement procedures in the water, energy, transport and telecommunication sectors, which sectors have been excluded from the community regulations of public procurement market until the September 17th,1990 ,90 531 directive, and this because of the heterogeneous character of the adjudicating entities concerned and because of the existence of privileged links with public powers. The first part analyses the content of the new regulations and the legal, national (in Belgium, France, Germany, Netherlands and Spain) and community background. In the second part, the study examines the enforcement of the community regulations for the above mentioned sectors as it results from general and specific mechanisms
Zellweger, Tobias. "Les transports collectifs de personnes dans l'agglomération franco-genevoise : étude de droit transfrontalier /". Genève : Paris : Schulthess ; LGDJ, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41328727f.
Texto completo da fonteCourteix, Julian. "Emboitement de compétences relatives aux transports publics et frontières institutionnelles dans une agglomération multipolaire : le cas des Alpes-Maritimes". Phd thesis, Université de Cergy Pontoise, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00872815.
Texto completo da fontePham, Huy-Hieu. "Architectures d'apprentissage profond pour la reconnaissance d'actions humaines dans des séquences vidéo RGB-D monoculaires : application à la surveillance dans les transports publics". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30145.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis is dealing with automatic recognition of human actions from monocular RGB-D video sequences. Our main goal is to recognize which human actions occur in unknown videos. This problem is a challenging task due to a number of obstacles caused by the variability of the acquisition conditions, including the lighting, the position, the orientation and the field of view of the camera, as well as the variability of actions which can be performed differently, notably in terms of speed. To tackle these problems, we first review and evaluate the most prominent state-of-the-art techniques to identify the current state of human action recognition in videos. We then propose a new approach for skeleton-based action recognition using Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). Two key questions have been addressed. First, how to efficiently represent the spatio-temporal patterns of skeletal data for fully exploiting the capacity in learning high-level representations of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (D-CNNs). Second, how to design a powerful D-CNN architecture that is able to learn discriminative features from the proposed representation for classification task. As a result, we introduce two new 3D motion representations called SPMF (Skeleton Posture-Motion Feature) and Enhanced-SPMF that encode skeleton poses and their motions into color images. For learning and classification tasks, we design and train different D-CNN architectures based on the Residual Network (ResNet), Inception-ResNet-v2, Densely Connected Convolutional Network (DenseNet) and Efficient Neural Architecture Search (ENAS) to extract robust features from color-coded images and classify them. Experimental results on various public and challenging human action recognition datasets (MSR Action3D, Kinect Activity Recognition Dataset, SBU Kinect Interaction, and NTU-RGB+D) show that the proposed approach outperforms current state-of-the-art. We also conducted research on the problem of 3D human pose estimation from monocular RGB video sequences and exploited the estimated 3D poses for recognition task. Specifically, a deep learning-based model called OpenPose is deployed to detect 2D human poses. A DNN is then proposed and trained for learning a 2D-to-3D mapping in order to map the detected 2D keypoints into 3D poses. Our experiments on the Human3.6M dataset verified the effectiveness of the proposed method. These obtained results allow opening a new research direction for human action recognition from 3D skeletal data, when the depth cameras are failing. In addition, we collect and introduce in this thesis, CEMEST database, a new RGB-D dataset depicting passengers' behaviors in public transport. It consists of 203 untrimmed real-world surveillance videos of realistic "normal" and "abnormal" events. We achieve promising results on CEMEST with the support of data augmentation and transfer learning techniques. This enables the construction of real-world applications based on deep learning for enhancing public transportation management services
Nardone, Anne-Laure. "Les transports en commun à Marseille : du lien social dans les autobus de la RTM". Montpellier 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON30063.
Texto completo da fonteFaucon, Frédéric. "Les transports collectifs de voyageurs dans le Massif central français". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CLF20008.
Texto completo da fonteDridi, Mahjoub. "Contribution à la résolution des problèmes de régulation dans les systèmes de transport dans un contexte multicritère par approche évolutionniste". Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ECLI0001.
Texto completo da fonteBouteiller, Catherine. "Différenciation tarifaire dans les réseaux de transports urbains et interurbains de voyageurs : quels apports pour les services publics de transport et l’aménagement ?" Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20024.
Texto completo da fonteThe purpose of this thesis is to define and identify the effects of price discrimination policies on the use and organization of urban public transports. Price discrimination is the possibility to price a service with different level of tariff. At first, we will define the issues around public transport fares, whose complexity is now mitigated by existing smart cards and other payment tools. Then, the spatial dimension of the fare will be given special attention through the study of the relationships between fee structure and spatial morphology of 10 cities around the world. The relationships between urban morphology and pricing will be confirmed. Knowing that usage of public transport are diverse, it is essential to have a good knowledge of users habits. Smard Card data reconstruction provides geographical and statistical information that can be re used for urban planning and for pricing policy. How ?Grand Paris orbital line 15, will be launched in 2020. It is an example of introducing a new metro line inducing significant time savings for commuters. Passengers will be given a real alternative between their usual route and the new one. The new route can offer several advantages: gain of time spent during the trip, gain in terms of number of transfers, comfort gain, security gain, price advantages. This could be an opportunity for an agency to review its fare policy. Our model is based on existing travel flows derived from the itinerary reconstruction from Navigo Smart Card pass. It establishes the principles of a fare grid based on travelers’ preferences and current travel patterns. For this research, we used data from public transport pass users in the Paris’ Metropolitan area, for one month. Finally, we show that price discrimination is related to "mobility" and not to “public transport”. If we consider the mobility needs of the user, pricing is no longer that of “transportation” but a package of services enabling access to different forms of mobility. Therefore it is transport governance that can be a problem. How to federate all mobility stakeholders in France? This dimension is essential for public transport authorities. It is a key success factor for achieving ambitious and sustainable urban planning policies
Zniber, Rime Yasmina. "Les indicateurs de performance environnementale : un enjeu stratégique pour les firmes dans leur rapport avec les pouvoirs publics : le cas des transports". Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU10017.
Texto completo da fonteThe environmental performance indicator (EPIs) construction present a croissant interest for government, companies and public. The aim of this thesis is to suggest an intergrate and robustness model to establish the (EPIs) which represent not only a key issues for companies, but also an primordial communication toll with public which is very useful to make the political decisions. In the first time we searched to identify the main (EPIs) used by the transport companies to evaluate the gaz emission, in addition we studied the major (EPIs) adopted by CAC40 companies which have the obligation to communicate about their environmental performance evaluation. In the second time we have completed our researches about practical environmental indicator aspects, by a land investigation campaign in various transport companies to improve our (EPIs) understanding and measurement. Our researches allowed us to make a proposal of an integrate and relevant model to evaluate (EPIs) using some analysis criteria permeating to measure the (EPIs) taking into account all life cycle stages of transport tolls from conception to elimination
Loriquet, Valentin. "Apport d'une réflexion anthropocentrée pour la conception d'appuis dans les transports publics urbains : vers une nouvelle représentation du confort pour le passager". Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4041/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis aims to improve passenger comfort in urban public transports by focusing on the perception of supports in the passenger compartment, which are the primary interfaces between the traveler and the rolling stock. An exploration was carried out in order to objectify the touch of surfaces and try to characterize instrumentally the interaction between the passenger and the support, reduced to a tangential touch and a planar contact surface. The study, linking tribology and sensory evaluation, shows the inherent difficulty of the measure of sensations. Tendencies have been observed between tribological and sensory data and encourage to continue on this path. In addition, the notion of comfort is addressed in a comprehensive manner and a new framework is proposed. The reflections initiated in this research wish to pave the way for a human-centered approach for conception, completing the current vision that is very technocentric in the rail environment
Rivere, Marc. "Socio-histoire du vélo dans l'espace urbain : d'une écologie politique à une économie médiatique… : Toulouse, Genève, Saragosse". Toulouse 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU20030.
Texto completo da fonteWhile it used to be quaint and unsuitable, it is now in free service and fashionable… Bicycles' recent renewal in urban spaces is the result of a process which was initiated during the 1970s under the influence of activists who claimed their belonging to the environmental wing of politics. This study seeks to understand how this « cause » was born and was then given recognition to eventually benefit to the new actors who, themselves, now vary its usages. As an entity which only makes sense in the public sphere, that is which claims a transformation of this very space and of its use to assert itself as a part of it, the bicycle highlights the enduring mutation of cities and of those who initiate it. Deliberately focusing on three cities where apathy towards a reconsideration of cars supremacy still dominates should help us understand the major role played by political, cultural, historical and economical facts in each city. Thus, studying the bicycle cause emphasises the contemporary expression of an ever changing society and allows a deeper comprehension of the evolutions of the public space for the past thirty years
Ould, Sidi Mohamed Mahmoud Borne Pierre Hammadi Slim Hayat Saïd. "Contribution à l'amélioration des systèmes d'aide à la décision pour la régulation du trafic dans les réseaux de transport collectif". Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2008. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/1060.
Texto completo da fonteTitre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. p. 145-157.
Sainsaulieu, Ivan. "Le phénomène social et politique de l'autonomie syndicale dans les services publics (1945-1997)". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998IEPP0003.
Texto completo da fonteNon-affiliated unionism in the public sector is not a recent phenomenon. Since 1945, it has featured differently depending on social and political contexts such as the post-war period, the following economic "boom", then the period of low growth. Non-affiliated unions were held to be "scab" unions during the first two periods. But in fact they were globally reformist and very different depending on their local implantation. Following in a sense the steps of big trade-unions they showed the same bureaucratic faults by opposing autonomous activity of rank and file workers. But, on the other hand they embodied already a will to be closer to the grass-roots, the refusal of dividing unionism along political lines and demonstrated a more open way of functioning, all keys of non-affiliated-unions present success. The crisis now affecting public services bounded by budgetary restrictions as well as the bureaucratisation of both government-linked and more militant trade unions frees the way to non-affiliated unionism. It became a means of expressing social and political discontent, a mix of uneasiness about unemployement and about social rights once ensured by public utilities. This expression is linked to social movements, both appearing as a pragmatic form of protest, impulsed by former radical or sixty heighters militants that reject ideology while still being imbued by it. Non-affiliated unionism follows a reformist (claimed in particular by the Union nationale des syndicats autonomes) and a corporatist (claimed by the Fédération générale autonome des agents de conduite) tradition. But it also brings a renewal of trade-unionism, especially SUD-PTT which created a melting-pot of political and trade-unionist trends of opinion and is exporting successfully in the public and in the private sectors an image of a democratic union, spreading the values of fellowship and joint action. Members of the "Groupe des 10", these new Sud unions take up a position of outsiders amongst the rest of militant trade unions
Mochtar, Subagio Indrayati. "L'analyse de la répartition modale à l'intérieure [i. E. Intérieur] des modes de transport en commun sur les caractéristiques des usagers dans leurs déplacements et leurs perceptions en Indonésie : cas d'étude : Jakarta, la capitale de l'Indonésie". Paris 12, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA120058.
Texto completo da fonteThe research projet has been focused on the passengers movements of public transportation in jakarta , as the capital city of indonesia , particularly those of working trip, as the most important aspect in urbain mobility. The model split between the private and public transportation was 39% and 60% respectively in 1972 , which had changed to 45% and 55% in the year of 1977. In the last ten years , the role of public transportation have been decreasing by 10% relative to private transportation. This condition will reach around 65% and 35% by the year of 2000 , if there is no effort done to improve the existing system. Such trend incites the government to choose the alternative of improving the modal split as it will have the least consequence on the social impact of transportation system in jakarta, the objective of this study has been based on this assumption consisting of the modal split analysis within the public transportation with regard to passengers characteristics in terms of theirs trips and motivations in using public transportation. . .
Toqué, Florian. "Prévision et visualisation de l'affluence dans les transports en commun à l'aide de méthodes d'apprentissage automatique". Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2029.
Texto completo da fonteAs part of the fight against global warming, several countries around the world, including Canada and some European countries, including France, have established measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. One of the major areas addressed by the states concerns the transport sector and more particularly the development of public transport to reduce the use of private cars. To this end, the local authorities concerned aim to establish more accessible, clean and sustainable urban transport systems. In this context, this thesis, co-directed by the University of Paris-Est, the french institute of science and technology for transport, development and network (IFSTTAR) and Polytechnique Montréal in Canada, focuses on the analysis of urban mobility through research conducted on the forecasting and visualization of public transport ridership using machine learning methods. The main motivations concern the improvement of transport services offered to passengers such as: better planning of transport supply, improvement of passenger information (e.g., proposed itinerary in the case of an event/incident, information about the crowd in the train at a chosen time, etc.). In order to improve transport operators' knowledge of user travel in urban areas, we are taking advantage of the development of data science (e.g., data collection, development of machine learning methods). This thesis thus focuses on three main parts: (i) long-term forecasting of passenger demand using event databases, (ii) short-term forecasting of passenger demand and (iii) visualization of passenger demand on public transport. The research is mainly based on the use of ticketing data provided by transport operators and was carried out on three real case study, the metro and bus network of the city of Rennes, the rail and tramway network of "La Défense" business district in Paris, France, and the metro network of Montreal, Quebec in Canada
Noble, Julien. "L’insécurité personnelle des jeunes dans les transports en commun franciliens : une étude dispositionnelle du sentiment d’insécurité". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD033/document.
Texto completo da fonteSurvey on Victimation et sentiment d’insécurité survey conducted by the Institut d’aménagement et d’urbanisme de la region Île-de-France shows that almost one in two residents of the region feels worried about being robbed or mugged while travelling in public transportation. Based on thirty interviews with Université Paris 13 students, this study examines the mechanism of production of this social phenomenon. Two main results emerge. First, three types of factors leading to the emergence of fear of crime in public transportation are identified. The first is a social factor, relating to how isolation and certain categories of other passengers increase the perception of risk. The second relates to the operations procedures of the public transportation system, some of which reinforce passengers’ fear. The third concerns architecture and, more specifically, the partitioning of spaces and its varying effects depending on the number of passengers. Then, using the concept of disposition, we propose an explanation of the many individual variations in perceived victimization risk. We insist on the past as incorporated by the respondents, shaped by the earlier threats they experienced, by their social and cultural representations of danger and by their individual characteristics, to account for their reactions to the present situations. This analysis leads to the elaboration of two users’ profiles, each subdivided into three sub-profiles. The first are deemed Secures, and include fragile, self-confident and tranquil public transportation users. Worried and is split into the watchful, the protected and the resistant
Sahabana, Maïdadi. "Les autobus en site propre intégral, une solution à la crise des transports dans les grandes agglomérations subsahariennes". Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00104403.
Texto completo da fonteFatani, Imade Fahd Eddine. "Contribution à l’étude de l’optimisation conjointe source-canal d’une transmission vidéo dans un contexte MIMO sans fil : application à la vidéosurveillance embarquée pour les transports publics". Valenciennes, 2010. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/f1e3d785-7cbb-4d39-86d8-eec5433f62a0.
Texto completo da fonteVideo monitoring applications in the Public Transport field rely on wireless telecommunication systems which require high data rate between vehicles and the ground and high Quality of Service (QoS). In order to satisfy these constraints we have proposed to take into account both transmission parameters and video coding by combining Multiple Description Coding (MDC) and Region Of Interest coding with different MIMO (Mulitple Input Multiple Output) schemes on the basis of the PHY layer of IEEE802. 11n Wifi standard in a metro environment (tunnel). First, we have shown that it is possible to increase the performance of a MIMO system by optimizing bits and power allocation independently of the type of information to be transmitted. Two approaches are proposed. They lead to an optimal repartition of resources, reach maximal diversity order and they outperform the max-SNR precoder performances. Secondly, the association of MDC with MIMO schemes is introduced to adapt the video content to the multi antenna structure particularly when the channel knowledge is not available at transmitter side. Furthermore, the performances can be enhanced using a low data rate return link and considering the Orthogonalized Spatial Multiplexing (OSM) and the precoded OSM. When perfect channel information is available at transmitter side thanks to a high data rate return link, MIMO schemes are associated with hierarchic video coding consisting in the separation of regions of interest in the scene. The stream associated to the area with the maximal interest is transmitted on the eigen channel with the higher gain. This strategy allows to guaranty better robustness and acceptable QoS of the video streams observed in the control-center. The creation of the different regions of interest is based on the Flexible Macroblock Ordering (FMO) technique introduced in the new compression standard H. 264/AVC. We have shown the interest of the different transmission schemes proposed in order to enhance the QoS of a video stream with no increase of the transmitted power and of the number of radio access points along the infrastructure
Sentenac-Chemin, Élodie. "Évolution à long terme de la consommation d'énergie dans le transport routier de passagers : contribution de méthodes statistiques avancées". Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1157.
Texto completo da fonteChomienne, Hervé. "Le rôle du management dans la modernisation des organisations administratives publiques françaises : le cas de l'informatisation de services déconcentrés du Ministère de l'Equipement". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001VERS0010.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis strives both to determine the type of strategic management that would best suit French public administrations and to identify the conditions necessary to its emergence and perpetuation. It also underlines its limits within the broader framework of "State refrom". French public administrations belong to an "administrative system" : its specificities and evolution are described. The structures of theses administrations have progessively grown from Weber's bureaucratic model, and are still based on a number of its characteristics. In front of the crisis that this model would have faced, the various "administrative reforms" that were undertaken over the past fifteen years all aimed at introducing managerial tools and work processes. However, these reforms did not question these organizations' bureaucratic foundations. This thesis conducts an in-depth analysis of the use of managerial tools and work processes through fieldwork analyses and participative observations during their computerization. It is demonstrated that these tools and processes lead to a more efficient running of services if they are implemented in a coherent way. Moreover, this work highlights how the evolution of managerial practice in some French public administrations conflicts both with the very structure of the administrative system and with the lack of strategic vision of how the role of the State will evolve. Indeed, tensions and contradictions between the managerial processes implemented and the existing structures threaten processes on the long run. This assessment more broadly questions the nature of the link between management and strategy in theory and practice
El, Sayah Jinane. "Contribution à la modélisation, à la simulation et à l'évaluation d'applications nomades à intelligence répartie : application à l'assistance aux voyageurs aveugles dans les transports publics et les pôles d'échanges". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00533999.
Texto completo da fonteEl, Sayah Jihane. "Contribution à la modélisation, à la simulation et à l'évaluation d'applications nomades à intelligence répartie : application à l'assistance aux voyageurs aveugles dans les transports publics et les pôles d'échanges". Thesis, Paris Est, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PEST1032/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe development of communication and locating systems and the progress of mobile devices have made possible new applications and services, allowing access to real-time information and improving the integration of blind people. ln this context, the thesis has contributed to the development of an information and guidance system to be used by blind travellers in public transports. The work has focused on two critical aspects for this kind of systems: the reliability of data transmission and the ability of localizing and guiding the user in an efficient way. A simulation environment has also been developed that can be used for the prototyping and the analysis of the mobile application as well as for the study of communication over the wireless network. The thesis is based on the results of the RAMPE and INFOMOVILLE projects
Appert, Manuel. "Coordination des transports et de l'occupation de l'espace pour réduire la dépendance automobile dans la région métropolitaine de Londres". Phd thesis, Montpellier 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON30060.
Texto completo da fonteOur aim is to evaluate the relevance of coordinating transport and land use policies to reduce the nuisances of daily mobility in the London metropolitan region. First, automobile dependency is diagnosed. Then the causes, manifestations, consequences and remedies to this dependency are contextualized within the complex workings and management of the region. In the present context of sustainable development, London's local authorities aim at reducing automobile dependency. Although researchers diverge on the presumed links between transport, land use and mobility patterns, authorities largely favour the coordination of transport and land use policies to attain sustainability. This reveals the consecration of a new urban and regional planning paradigm, which we wish to deconstruct. This deconstruction addresses the way through which such policies have been established and will evaluate the relationships between transport, land use and commuting in the London metropolitan region. It concludes that if the reduction of dependency is indeed conditioned by the coordination of higher densities and improved public transport, this very coordination induces the practise of what we name the "grand écart"
Appert, Manuel. "Coordination des transports et de l'occupation de l'espace pour réduire la dépendance automobile dans la région métropolitaine de Londres". Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012002.
Texto completo da fonteThéron, Roseline. "Un service public dans la tourmente : évolution de la culture d'entreprise au sein de London Transport - Transport for London, 1981-2006". Rouen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ROUEL624.
Texto completo da fonteOver the last twenty-five years, London Transport has absorbed the political, economic and sociological changes of the capital city. The once white, male, working-class stronghold of an engineer culture has turned into a customer-focused service company open to diversity. The notions of Public Service and Corporate culture being defined, an analysis of the staff magazines and of confidential in-house documents will elicit the unchanged elements of London Transport's culture. It will also show how it has gradually been turned into a management tool. Studying the context of the changes experienced by the company will then reveal that the organisation bears the mark of a series of conflicts and traumas, and of constant uncertainty. However the attacks on July 7th 2005 proved to be a unifying shock. With their new identity as TfL, under the leadership of a former executive risen from inside the group, public transport in London may now consider the challenges to come with greater serenity
Finez, Jean. "Pratiques économiques et pensées du changement dans un service public marchand : une sociologie des chemins de fer français aux XIXe et XXe siècles". Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL12016/document.
Texto completo da fonteBased on a material composed of archives, specialized books, grey literature and interviews, this thesis explores the transformations of the process of making and thinking the railway economy in France. Our socio-historical analysis reveals the rearrangements of the rail policy and the evolution of the company’s management strategy in the medium and the long term. While during the 1820’s-1830’s the growth of railways is left to the discretion of private entrepreneurs, starting from the mid-19th century the state controls the sector, financing the expanding of the network and strongly shaping large regional monopolies. The nationalisation of the French railways in 1938 and the transport planning policy after World War II represent the climax of the state control. The last half-century challenges the traditional definition of public service in the sector and gives rise to a more market-oriented regulation, symbolised by the opening to competition of the railway market and the new trade policy of the state-owned company SNCF. Changes in the sector are driven by the transformation of mindsets and practices within the “state field”, the balance of power in the rail companies, as well as the material properties and benefits of railways as compared to other existing means of transport. These three dimensions altogether define the space for possible and probable of the rail economy