Artigos de revistas sobre o tema "Country life – England – Norfolk"
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Heale, M. R. V. "Veneration and renovation at a small Norfolk priory: St. Leonard's, Norwich in the later middle ages*". Historical Research 76, n.º 194 (22 de outubro de 2003): 431–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2281.00184.
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Abstract Much remains obscure about the many small monasteries of late medieval England, and it is generally thought that they made little contribution to the religious life of the country. The large collection of accounts surviving from St. Leonard's priory, Norwich (a daughter house of the cathedral priory), however, presents an interesting picture of a priory sustained almost entirely by offerings to its image of St. Leonard. This cult continued to attract broad support throughout the later middle ages, with its income reaching a peak at over forty pounds per year in the mid fifteenth century. Almost the entirety of this windfall was set aside for a systematic renovation of the monastery, which can be chronicled in some detail. Although the cult was on the wane by 1500, the importance of the priory for the popular religion of the region emerges clearly.
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Mukhtyar, C., C. Beadsmoore, F. Coath, G. Ducker, K. Sisson e R. Watts. "AB0702 THE INCIDENCE OF LARGE VESSEL VASCULITIS IN NORFOLK, UK". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (30 de maio de 2023): 1555.3–1555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.308.
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BackgroundThere are no data on the collective incidence of the large vessel vasculitides. The data of incidence of GCA and Takayasu arteritis in the UK has been based on clinical coding in routine administrative datasets. There are no data on the incidence of these diseases based on clinically verified diagnoses. We studied the incidence of the large vessel vasculitides in a stable population with a predominant Northern European ancestry.ObjectivesTo report the incidence of large vessel vasculitis and its subsets in Norfolk, UK.MethodsIndividuals attending a secondary care hospital with a clinically verified diagnosis of primary systemic vasculitis made between 2011-2020, who lived within the NR postcode districts of Norfolk County borders were included if they met classification criteria (ACR 1990 or ACR/EULAR 2022) for GCA/ Takayasu arteritis[1-4], or had definite tissue or imaging evidence of large vessel vasculitis. The population data from the 2011 census, available from the office of national statistics was used as the denominator. If classification criteria for both GCA and TAK were met, a clinical decision was taken to decide on the subtype.Results272 individuals were diagnosed with a large vessel vasculitis in a population of 454,316 above the age of 18. The annual incidence of large vessel vasculitis in Norfolk is 59.9/million in population above the age of 18. The annual incidence of giant cell arteritis is 9.9/100000 in population above the age of 50 using the ACR 1990 criteria and 10.6/100000 using the ACR/EULAR 2022 criteria. There is a marked rise in the incidence from 2017 onwards when a fast-track pathway was formally established (Table 1). There is dip in the incidence in 2020 when services were suspended during the SARS-COV2 pandemic. The annual incidence peaks at 168.5/100000 in the 9thdecade of life and is commoner in females (12.3/100000) than males (7.3/100000). The annual incidence of Takayasu arteritis is 3.3/million in population above the age of 18 using the ACR 1990 criteria and 1.1/million using the ACR/EULAR 2022 criteria.ConclusionThis is the first study that reports the incidence of all objectively diagnosed large vessel vasculitis from a secondary centre which provides services to a large stable population in the East of England. The incidence of GCA rose with the establishment of a fast-track pathway and its peak may have been affected by the SARS-COV2 pandemic. GCA is commoner in females and peaks in the 8th and 9th decades.References[1]Hunder GG, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of giant cell arteritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1990 Aug;33(8):1122-8.[2]Arend WP, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of Takayasu arteritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1990 Aug;33(8):1129-34.[3]Ponte C, et al. 2022 American College of Rheumatology/EULAR classification criteria for giant cell arteritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2022 Dec;81(12):1647-1653.[4]Grayson PC, et al. 2022 American College of Rheumatology/EULAR classification criteria for Takayasu arteritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2022 Dec;81(12):1654-1660.Table 1.Incidence of GCA by age, gender and year using the ACR 1990 criteriaNumber of casesIncidence (per 100000 in age >50)Age6thdecade99.97thdecade5354.48thdecade109166.49thdecade63168.510thdecade678.7GenderFemale15012.3Male797.3Year of diagnosis2011146.12012146.12013146.12014219.12015114.82016166.920172912.620184017.320194318.620202711.7AcknowledgementsNational Health Service.Norfolk and Norwich Hospitals Charity.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.
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Mingay, G. E., e Howard Newby. "Country Life: A Social History of Rural England." Economic History Review 41, n.º 2 (maio de 1988): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2596066.
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Bohstedt, John, e Howard Newby. "Country Life: A Social History of Rural England". American Historical Review 94, n.º 4 (outubro de 1989): 1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1906665.
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Wood, Curtis W., e Howard Newby. "Country Life: A Social History of Rural England". History Teacher 21, n.º 1 (novembro de 1987): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/492832.
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Winter, Michael. "Country life: a social history of rural England". Journal of Rural Studies 5, n.º 1 (janeiro de 1989): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0743-0167(89)90025-9.
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Holt, S.J., T. G. "A Note on Bury's Hall in Norfolk". Recusant History 18, n.º 4 (outubro de 1987): 440–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268419500020717.
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TWENTY YEARS AGO an article entitled ‘The Eyres of Hassop and some of their connections from the Test Act to Emancipation’ was published in two parts in Recusant History. A section was devoted to the Eyres of Norfolk. Their house in that county—Bury's or Bures or Berries Hall near Swaffham—was acquired by Thomas Eyre at some date shortly before 1688 and passed to three of his six sons, Henry, John and James, in succession, being sold after the death of the last in 1749. In recent years it has ceased to be a private house and is now a country hotel. There remain in the neighbourhood to remind the visitor of the family the monumental inscriptions in the nearby Holme Hale church to Mary, the wife of Thomas Eyre—‘She was very exemplary and eminent for her piety, charity and other virtues, and exchanged this life for a better the 28th of September 1710, Aet. 67’—and to two of her sons.
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Preece, David, e Ivana Lessner Lištiaková. "“There Isn’t Really Anything around Here…”: Autism, Education and the Experience of Families Living in Rural Coastal England". Education Sciences 11, n.º 8 (2 de agosto de 2021): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci11080397.
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Autism affects over 2% of the school population in England. Education has proven to be an effective intervention strategy that improves the quality of life of children with autism and their families. However, governmental austerity policies have increased disadvantage in coastal areas of England with a detrimental impact on people with disabilities. This qualitative study explored the lives of families living with autism in rural coastal England. Mothers, fathers, grandparents and young people from 21 families living with autism in West Norfolk and Cornwall shared their experience through semi-structured interviews that were conducted in early 2019. Families identified positive and negative aspects of living in these areas, including barriers preventing access to and inclusion in education. Barriers were related to poor infrastructure, sparse specialised services (resulting in diagnostic delay and difficulties), limited autism awareness, lack of trained professionals, and the impact of austerity across health, social care and education. Families’ struggles are amplified by the intersectionality of (a) autism-specific needs, (b) physical distance and small-community life related to rurality and (c) the seasonal and peripheral nature of coastal life. Access to education for children with autism in rural coastal areas of England could be improved by acknowledging and addressing the intersecting factors intensifying their marginalisation.
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LEE, ROBERT. "Customs in Conflict: Some Causes of Anti-Clericalism in Rural Norfolk, 1815–1914". Rural History 14, n.º 2 (16 de setembro de 2003): 197–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793303001031.
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This article examines aspects of the relationship between the Norfolk poor and the Norfolk clergy between 1815 and 1914. It considers the potential impact clergymen could have upon a number of areas of secular life, especially with regard to the extirpation of popular culture and custom, the social and moral management inherent in charity and Poor Law administration, and the development of ‘power networks’ in the countryside that confronted the challenge posed by religious Nonconformity and political radicalism. The article is principally concerned with the importance of the Church of England as an instrument of secular authority in nineteenth-century rural life. Rival social structures and conflicting economic interests are subjected to both quantitative and qualitative analysis, while keys to cultural tension are sought in such iconic areas as the pageantry of parish entertainments; the re-casting of law to act against custom; the rise of the clergyman as antiquarian historian and amateur archaeologist; the symbolism and architecture of the restored church. In so doing an attempt is made to address questions that are at once broadly political and narrowly human in their scope. What did the Oxbridge scholar – perhaps having spent the preceding three years conversing in Greek and Latin with his peers – find to ‘say’ to the agricultural labourers now in his pastoral care? And why, when the clergyman (often justifiably) thought of himself as working unstintingly in his parishioners' interests, was he so often heartily despised by them?
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Meng, Yuan, e Yapei Zhang. "Economics of Vaccine in England". Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 10 (9 de maio de 2023): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hbem.v10i.7966.
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This study examines the economic effects of COVID-19 vaccine rollouts using a cross-country daily vaccination database and high-frequency indicators of economic activity—NO2 emissions, COemissions. We hitch go wool-gathering an uncourteous store in a hurry relative to a significant increase in productive activity. We anticipate contract hegemony for nonlinear emphatic vaccines, with insignificant remunerative profits increasing as vaccination rates rise. If absolute containment products are in place or if the country is experiencing a severe outbreak, country-specific issuance plays a primary role, resulting in far lower economic income. Surely, the consequences billet say-so of spillovers swelling vitality, highlighting the enumeration of equitable access to vaccines across nations. In addition, vaccines have a great impact on education, job employment rate, and people's quality of life. In education, many schools have changed the way of attending classes due to the epidemic, and the cost of attending classes has been reduced. At the same time, it also helps many people to develop and use video software. In addition, as the pandemic has affected the economy, many companies have faced closures and layoffs, leading to a significant decline in employment. We can't imagine how many people will lose their jobs as the companies they work for close down. A decline in employment leads to a loss of wages and reduced consumption, which in turn affects the economy as a whole. So vaccine development tends to increase employment, and companies can work when fewer people are sick. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss the health of the economy.
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Cadar, Dorina, Yaohui Zhao, Li Yan, Laura Brocklebank e Andrew Steptoe. "Socioeconomic Determinants of Cognitive Aging: A Cross-Country Comparison Between England and China". Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (1 de dezembro de 2021): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.463.
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Abstract Lower educational attainment is associated with a higher risk of dementia and a steeper cognitive decline in older adults. However, less clear is how other socioeconomic markers contribute to cognitive ageing and if these socioeconomic influences on cognitive ageing differ between England and China. We examined the relationship of education, household wealth, and urbanicity with cognitive performance and rate of change over 7-8 years follow up in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing and Chinese Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, national representative samples of England and China. We found that the rate of cognitive change appears to be socioeconomically patterned, primarily by education and area-based characteristics (urban vs rural), with a stronger impact of inequalities seen in rural China. Public health strategies for preventing cognitive decline and dementia should target socioeconomic gaps to reduce health disparities and protect those particularly disadvantaged in England and China.
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YOUNGER, NEIL. "DRAMA, POLITICS, AND NEWS IN THE EARL OF SUSSEX'S ENTERTAINMENT OF ELIZABETH I AT NEW HALL, 1579". Historical Journal 58, n.º 2 (11 de maio de 2015): 343–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x14000715.
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AbstractIn September 1579, at the height of an intense political debate over her prospective marriage to the duke of Anjou, Elizabeth I visited New Hall, the country seat of the match's greatest supporter within England, Thomas Radcliffe, third earl of Sussex. Her entertainment on that occasion, hitherto completely unknown, was described in a letter, printed here, from one Norfolk gentleman, Sir Edward Clere, to another, Bassingbourne Gawdy. The letter describes the dramatic performances and other entertainments provided for the queen, which included coded but unmistakeable encouragements for her to proceed with the marriage. This article discusses the ways in which this was done and their consequences for our knowledge of the Anjou marriage debate as a political episode, suggesting that Sussex sought to use the entertainment to boost the participation of more conservative members of the nobility in government. It also explores how this evidence affects our picture of Elizabethan courtly entertainments, and particularly their non-dramatic elements. Finally, it discusses Clere's letter itself as an insight into the nature of gentry news culture, particularly with regard to matters of high politics.
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Hinde, Andrew, e Victoria Fairhurst. "Why Was Infant Mortality So High in Eastern England in the Mid Nineteenth Century?" Local Population Studies, n.º 94 (30 de junho de 2015): 48–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.35488/lps94.2015.48.
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This paper re-examines the high rates of infant mortality observed in rural areas of eastern England in the early years of civil registration. Infant mortality rates in some rural registration districts in the East Riding of Yorkshire, Cambridgeshire and Norfolk were higher than those in the mill towns of Lancashire. After describing the areas affected, this paper considers three potential explanations: environmental factors, poor-quality child care associated with the employment of women in agriculture, and the possibility that the high rates were the artefactual consequence of migrant women workers bringing their children to these areas. These explanations are then assessed using a range of evidence. In the absence of reliable cause of death data, recourse is had to three alternative approaches. The first involves the use of the exceptionally detailed tabulations of ages at death within the first year of life provided in the Registrar General's Annual Reports for the 1840s to assess whether the 'excess' infant deaths in rural areas of eastern England happened in the immediate post-natal period or later in the first year of life. Second, data on the seasonality of mortality in the 1840s are examined to see whether the zone of 'excess' infant mortality manifested a distinctive seasonal pattern. Finally, a regression approach is employed involving the addition of covariates to regression models. The conclusion is that no single factor was responsible for the 'excess' infant mortality, but a plausible account can be constructed which blends elements of all three of the potential explanations mentioned above with the specific historical context of these areas of eastern England.
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Foster, Stewart. "The Life and Death of a Victorian Seminary: The English College, Bruges". Recusant History 20, n.º 2 (outubro de 1990): 272–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034193200005392.
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The foundation and fortunes of the English College at Bruges, and its contribution to Catholicism in this country, remains one of the least chronicled chapters in the development of seminary education in the nineteenth century. For fifteen years, from 1858 to 1873, the college, founded by Sir John Sutton (1820–1873), trained more than 120 priests for the Church in England, Wales and Scotland.
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Steptoe, Andrew. "Sleep, Lifestyle, and Socioeconomic Markers of Mental Aging and Well-Being: Lessons From England, China, and Japan". Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (1 de dezembro de 2021): 119–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.459.
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Abstract Healthy ageing has become a popular topic worldwide. We investigated the role of sleep, leisure activities, and socioeconomic inequalities in relation to cognitive decline, wellbeing, and quality of life in data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), Chinese Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), and Japanese Study of Aging and Retirement (JSTAR), national representative samples of England, China and Japan, respectively. We found an inverted U-shaped association between sleep quality and memory in English adults and a positive dose-response association in Chinese older adults (Brocklebank). In another examination, we found that younger English individuals playing games had lower quality-of-life than older participants who game, and this association is more pronounced for widowed individuals than others (Almeida-Meza). Cognitive impairment and dementia represent significant challenges worldwide. In a cross-country investigation, we found that the prevalence of MCI was twice as great in England compared with Japan, but that the two nations differ slightly across socioeconomic correlates (Gireesh). In another cross-country comparison between England and China, we found that the rate of memory change appeared socioeconomically patterned, primarily by education and area-based characteristics (urban vs. rural), with a more substantial impact on rural China inequalities compared to England (Cadar). Our results indicate more robust educational and geographical disparities in China and increased occupational impact among English and Japanese participants. Our findings highlight the imperative need for policy interventions and tailored strategies to protect those particularly disadvantaged in England and China.
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Hocken, Peter. "Cecil H. Polhill-Pentecostal Layman". Pneuma 10, n.º 1 (1988): 116–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157007488x00082.
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AbstractOld Etonian missionary on the borders of Tibet and an English country squire at noisy multi-racial meetings in the back streets of Los Angeles: such contrasts suggest an interesting life, the life of Cecil Henry Polhill. However, this study is undertaken not for curiosity's sake, but because Polhill was a significant figure in the origins of the Pentecostal movement. Like his friend, the Revd. Alexander Boddy, vicar of All Saints, Monkwearmouth, Sunderland in north-east England, Cecil Polhill was a Pentecostal pioneer who remained until his death a faithful member of the established Church of England. Unlike Boddy, Polhill has not until now attracted any researcher. 1
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Ruiz, Milagros, Yaoyue Hu, Pekka Martikainen e Martin Bobak. "Life course socioeconomic position and incidence of mid–late life depression in China and England: a comparative analysis of CHARLS and ELSA". Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 73, n.º 9 (29 de junho de 2019): 817–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2019-212216.
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BackgroundDespite the growing prevalence of depression in the Chinese elderly, there is conflicting evidence of life course socioeconomic position (SEP) and depression onset in China, and whether this association is akin to that observed in Western societies. We compared incident risk of mid–late life depression by childhood and adulthood SEP in China and England, a country where mental health inequality is firmly established.MethodsDepression-free participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (N=8508) and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (N=6184) were studied over 4 years. Depressive symptoms were classified as incident cases using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale criteria. Associations between SEP (education, wealth, residence ownership and childhood/adolescent deprivation) and depression symptom onset were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models. In China, we also investigated children’s government employment status as a SEP marker.ResultsHigher education and wealth predicted lower incidence of depression in both countries. The association with non-ownership of residence appeared stronger in England (HR 1.61, 95% CI 1.41 to 1.86) than in China (HR 1.11, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.29), while that with childhood/adolescent deprivation was stronger in China (HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.29 – 1.60) than in England (HR 1.33, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.92). Chinese adults whose children were employed in high-status government jobs, had lower rates of depression onset.ConclusionsConsistent findings from China and England demonstrate that SEP is a pervasive determinant of mid–late life depression in very diverse social contexts. Together with conventional measures of SEP, the SEP of children also affects the mental health of older Chinese.
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Brocklebank, Laura, Dorina Cadar, Li Yan, Yaohui Zhao e Andrew Steptoe. "Sleep Quality and Cognitive Decline: A Cross-Country Comparison Between England and China". Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (1 de dezembro de 2021): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.460.
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Abstract Too little or too much sleep is associated with accelerated cognitive decline in older adults. However, sleep duration does not capture other sleep problems prevalent in older adults, such as difficulties with falling or staying asleep. Less is known about the impact of sleep quality on cognitive ageing, and if this relationship differs between England and China. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the relationship of self-reported sleep quality with cognitive performance and rate of change over 6-7 years follow-up in two nationally-representative samples of English and Chinese older adults. The primary outcome was a memory score (range 0-20), which was assessed using immediate and delayed 10-word recall tests in both cohorts. The results of bivariate descriptive analyses at baseline suggest there may be an inverted U-shaped association between sleep quality and memory in English older adults, and a positive dose-response association in Chinese older adults.
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Ulin, Donald. "Seeing the Country: Tourism and Ideology in William Howitt’s Rural Life of England". Victorians Institute Journal 30 (1 de dezembro de 2002): 41–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/victinstj.30.1.0041.
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Boulton, Jeremy. "Residential mobility in seventeenth-century Southwark". Urban History 13 (maio de 1986): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926800007963.
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It is nearly two decades since Tony Wrigley first discussed the possible effects that the experience of London life may have had on changing the society of seventeenth-century England. Despite some excellent work on certain aspects of London's social history, however, his qualification still stands: ‘too little is known of the sociological differences between life in London and life in provincial England to afford a clear perception of the impact of London's growth upon the country as a whole’. Among the obstacles to this latter goal are that metropolitan and provincial society are often seen as qualitatively different and, perhaps in consequence, comparisons between the two have not been seriously attempted. What is needed is a model which might serve to embrace the experiences of both urban and rural inhabitants within a common framework.
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Flaherty, Ellen, e Kevin Biese. "THE IMPLEMENTATION OF GERIATRIC EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT ACCREDITATION (GEDA) IN RURAL CRITICAL ACCESS HOSPITALS". Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (1 de novembro de 2022): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1334.
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Abstract The largely rural setting of Northern New England offers unique challenges to implementing improved acute care for the growing geriatric population. Northern New England is one of the United States’ most rapidly aging regions, with Vermont and New Hampshire being the second and third oldest US states respectively by median age (U.S. Census 2017). There is a need to expand innovations in geriatric emergency medicine to reach older adults in rural areas such as Northern New England. Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center and the West Health are collaborating on a project leveraging telehealth to extend the reach of a GED to rural hospitals, as well as investigate the opportunities for scaling and sustaining this concept to other rural facilities across Northern New England and throughout the country. This symposium will focus on our experience implementing a hub and spoke model to achieve our goal of improving the care of older adults in rural emergency departments.
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Jephcote, Edgar James Ælred. "The Significance of Victorian England for the Cottagecore Aesthetic". English Studies at NBU 9, n.º 2 (20 de dezembro de 2023): 293–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.33919/esnbu.23.2.8.
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This article contemplates the idyllic imagery of Elizabeth Gaskell's rural texts in relation to the key visual motifs of the Internet aesthetic "cottagecore." Meanwhile, the paper also strives to highlight the importance of both the Victorian era, particularly its literature and art, with regard to this popular Internet aesthetic. With some brief references to influential figures of the age, the cultural timeframe surrounding Gaskell's rural fiction is shown to offer significant historical relevance to the romanticisation of the English country-cottage life. The literary and pictorial texts serve as examples of this cultural process. Considering the author's mostly ornamental use of cottages in Wives and Daughters as well as her employment of floral characterisation, the paper also highlights the visual aesthetics of the cottage art of Helen Allingham and Myles Birket Foster as well as rural depictions made by illustrators of Gaskell's provincial works that display the visual after-life of Gaskell's rural texts.
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Cook, John R. "The Country Boy: Investigating the Dennis Potter Archive, Forest of Dean, England". Journal of Screenwriting 14, n.º 1 (13 de abril de 2023): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/josc_00114_1.
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This article presents scholarship relating to work conducted in the Dennis Potter Archive, Dean Heritage Centre, Dean Museum Trust, England. It argues that the Dennis Potter Archive is a significant archive consisting of handwritten manuscripts and notebook drafts of virtually all of the work of famed writer Dennis Potter (1935–94), allowing us unique access to the engine room of his creativity. The article focuses on the ‘discovery’ of Potter works previously unknown and/or inaccessible, including completed drafts of unproduced television plays and unproduced film screenplays. It also sheds new light on the genesis of perhaps Potter’s most famous work, The Singing Detective (BBC TV 1986). It shows how this began as a ‘last’ television play, but that as it developed, Potter reached back to themes and preoccupations he first explored as a young man in an unpublished novel, written decades earlier. Marrying research in the archive with statements Potter gave about his work during his lifetime, the article uses accumulated Potter scholarship, together with manuscript critical analysis and dating, in order to piece together a clearer and fuller understanding of the working life of one of the most famous names in British television and film history.
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Cho, Tsai-Chin, HwaJung Choi, Kenneth Langa, Sara Adar e Lindsay Kobayashi. "MEDIATING EFFECTS OF QUALITY OF LIFE IN THE ASSOCIATION OF DEBTS AND LATER MEMORY FUNCTION IN CHINA, ENGLAND, AND THE US". Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (1 de dezembro de 2023): 750. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.2425.
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Abstract Non-mortgage debts were linked to negative cognitive health outcomes in later-life older adults. It is unclear how they may be associated with later-life memory function through psychosocial pathways, and whether the associations vary by health care system and policy environment. We examined the mediating effects of depressive symptoms and dissatisfaction with life in the association between non-mortgage debts and subsequent memory function among adults aged 65-101 years in the US, China, and England. Data were from harmonized, nationally representative longitudinal studies of aging in the US (Health and Retirement Study; n=8,388), China (China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study; n=1,180), and England (English Longitudinal Study of Aging; n=3,390). Non-mortgage debt burden was defined as any pre-existing or new non-mortgage debts in two years (2010-2012 for the US and England; 2011-2013 for China). Memory function was measured by 20-point immediate and delayed word recall summary scores over a subsequent 5- or 6-year follow-up period. Within each country, we used sampling-weighted, multivariable-adjusted causal mediation analysis (product method) to estimate the total and direct effects of non-mortgage debts on memory function, and the indirect effects mediated by depressive symptoms and dissatisfaction with life. We observed significant mediating effects of depressive symptoms on the association between non-mortgage debts and memory function in China only. Dissatisfaction with life had a significant mediating effect on this association in US and China, not in England. Although more investigation is needed, the relationships between non-mortgage debts and later-life memory function through psychosocial pathways may differ across macro-level socioeconomic structures.
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Calvo, Esteban, Christine Mair, Katherine Ornstein, Rosario Donoso e José Medina. "Kinlessness, Loneliness, and End of Life: A Cross-National Comparison of 20 Countries". Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (1 de dezembro de 2020): 604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2039.
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Abstract Countries across the globe are experiencing declining rates of fertility and marriage, which present a distinct challenge for older adults’ social integration, well-being, and end-of-life care. However, older adults who are “alone” (e.g., no partner, no child) may not be lonely, and end-of-life risks faced by “kinless” older adults likely vary significantly by country context. Using harmonized, cross-national data from 20 countries (United States (HRS), England (ELSA), and European Union (SHARE)), we examine associations between family structure, loneliness, and end-of-life outcomes. Although “kinless” family structures are associated with greater loneliness in the pooled sample, the percent of “kinless” who report no signs of loneliness ranges from 7% (Greece) to 56% (Denmark). Family structure is associated with various end-of-life outcomes, and these associations vary by country—likely reflecting differences in healthcare structure. We discuss distinctions between “being alone,” “being lonely,” and “being without care” in light of cross-national variation.
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Wetzel, Martin, e Bram Vanhoutte. "Putting cumulative (dis)advantages in context: Comparing the role of educational inequality in later-life functional health trajectories in England and Germany". PLOS ONE 15, n.º 12 (30 de dezembro de 2020): e0244371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244371.
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Background The cumulative (dis)advantage (CAD) perspective more and more is examined in a comparative way, to highlight the role of context in generating inequality over the life course. This study adds to this field of research by examining trajectories of activities of daily living (ADL) in later life by educational level in a country comparison of England and Germany, emphasizing differing institutional conditions. Method Data used are the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA; 11,352 individuals) and the German subsample of the Survey of Health and Retirement in Europe (SHARE; 5,573 individuals). Using population averaged Poisson panel regression models, 12-year trajectories of six birth cohorts are investigated, covering the age range of 50 to 90 years. Results Respondents in England have a higher level of limitations at age 50, and more limited increases over age than in Germany. An educational gradient exists in both countries at age 50. Notably, the educational gradient increases for more recently born cohorts, but declines with increasing age in England, while in Germany educational differences increase for more recently born cohort only. Discussion The current study indicates that CAD processes between educational groups are context sensitive. While England showed convergence of disparities with increasing age, in Germany no differential development was found.
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Cross, Claire. "‘I was a stranger, and ye took me in’: Polish Religious Refugees in England and English Refugees in Poland in the Sixteenth Century". Studies in Church History. Subsidia 6 (1990): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143045900001216.
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From the moment of Luther’s defiance of both Pope and Emperor at the Diet of Worms the sixteenth century became a period par excellence of cuius regio, eius religio, and of nowhere was this more true than for the very different societies of England and Poland. In England, for that time a highly centralized country, the nation’s religious fate oscillated wildly with the change of monarchs and their respective governments, mildly reformist under Henry VIII so long as Thomas Cromwell held power, indisputedly Protestant during the rule of the boy king, Edward VI, as indisputedly Roman Catholic in the equally short reign of Mary I, and then Protestant, as it turned out permanently, on the accession of Elizabeth. In Poland, where, because of its proximity to Wittenberg, Luther’s teachings began taking root at least within the German communities considerably earlier than in England, the spread first of Lutheranism and then Calvinism depended far more on the attitude of the nobility than of the monarch, though the succession of the more tolerant Sigismund Augustus in 1548 certainly accelerated the process. Apart from the five years between 1547 and 1553 in England, in neither country was life easy for converts to the Swiss version of Protestantism before 1560, and at different times both Polish and English Protestants suffered quite severe episodes of persecution: this essay traces the fortunes of the Poles who found a refuge in England and of the English who sought a temporary haven in Poland on account of their religion in the mid-sixteenth century.
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Monod, Paul. "Jacobitism and Country Principles in the Reign of William III". Historical Journal 30, n.º 2 (junho de 1987): 289–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00021452.
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Ours is the age of the Jacobite restoration – not in dynastic terms, but in historical scholarship. Parliamentary Jacobitism in the period after 1710 has particularly attracted recent attention. While disagreement persists among historians as to the extent and seriousness of tory involvement with the Jacobite cause, few would deny that the issue is significant. By contrast, the influence of Jacobitism on politics under William III has been almost entirely neglected. Beyond the shadowy conspiracies that have long fascinated researchers, little is known of the role of Jacobite sentiment in the political life of England between 1688 and 1702. Not much has been added to Keith Feiling's sixty-year old assessment of the Jacobites as ‘that right wing of Toryism, in which the whole pre-Revolutionary sentiment survived’.
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Zhang, Yuan, Brendan O'Shea, Xuexin Yu, Tsai-Chin Cho, Kenneth Langa, Alden Gross e Lindsay Kobayashi. "EDUCATION GRADIENTS IN LATER-LIFE COGNITIVE FUNCTION ACROSS LOW-, MIDDLE-, AND HIGH-INCOME COUNTRIES". Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (1 de novembro de 2022): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.409.
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Abstract Education is positively related to cognitive function. However, educational gradients in cognitive function may vary across older populations with different educational compositions and physical and social environments. We conducted one of the first cross-national comparative studies on educational differences in later-life cognitive function using harmonized data. Multivariable linear regressions were employed to estimate the association between education according to International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) categories and cognitive function for adults ages 60+ from the United States, England, Mexico, South Africa, India, and China. Cross-country differences were tested using fully interacted models. Controlling for demographics and parental education, we found significant educational gradients in cognitive function in low- and middle-income countries; however, in high-income countries, only those with upper secondary education and above had a consistent cognitive advantage over those with primary education. This study suggests substantial country-level differences in cognitive benefits of educational attainment.
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Gireesh, Aswathikutty, Pamela Almeida-Meza, Hashimoto Hideki, Andrew Steptoe e Dorina Cadar. "Socioeconomic Inequalities and Mild Cognitive Impairment: Evidence From England and Japan". Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (1 de dezembro de 2021): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.462.
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Abstract Japan is the world’s fastest ageing population, with a higher prevalence of dementia than in the UK. Less clear is the role of socioeconomic inequalities in neurocognitive disorders between these countries. This study aims to assess comparatively the relationship between education, a marker of cognitive reserve, and income in relation to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia in England and Japan. We ascertained MCI using a validated algorithm based on one standard deviation below the mean on two standardised cognitive tests. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to study the associations between socioeconomic markers and MCI/dementia. The prevalence of MCI was almost twice as high among English adults compared to Japanese. Results suggest that nations are similar in overall socioeconomic inequalities of MCI/dementia, but this might differ across socioeconomic markers. Considerable variability in the health inequalities could be attributed to the country-specific socio-cultural-political factors, which remains to be further explored.
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O'Connell, Alison, e Kim Dunstan. "Do Cohort Mortality Trends Emigrate? Insights on The U.K.'s Golden Cohort From A Comparison with a British Settler Country". British Actuarial Journal 15, S1 (2009): 91–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357321700005535.
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ABSTRACTThe assumed rate of future mortality improvement has increased over three recent sets of the United Kingdom's national population projections. This optimism has not been so marked in countries which share ancestors with the U.K. population. New Zealand is one such country that provides a data-rich case example in which to investigate the portability of mortality trends.This paper compares mortality trends in New Zealand with those in England & Wales. Both countries seem to have a ‘golden cohort’ which enjoys faster improving mortality than people born before or after. The birth of the golden cohort in England & Wales coincided with cohort life expectancy there catching up with New Zealand's.We show that first generation migrants from the U.K. have better mortality than New Zealand born residents likely to have British ancestry. The advantage lasts into older ages, decades after migration. We hypothesise that migrants from the U.K.'s golden cohort brought with them an early life mortality improvement advantage, and additionally benefited from the healthier environment of New Zealand at middle to older ages. Further, given the recent strong mortality improvement in New Zealand, the U.K.'s assumptions for future mortality look relatively optimistic.
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Preston, Jo Anne. "“He lives as a Master”: Seventeenth-Century Masculinity, Gendered Teaching, and Careers of New England Schoolmasters". History of Education Quarterly 43, n.º 3 (2003): 350–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2003.tb00126.x.
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You that are men and thoughts of manhood know,Be Just now to the Man who made you so.Martyr'd by Scholars the stabbed Cassian dies,And falls to cursed Lads a Sacrafice.Not so my Cheever; Not by Scholars slain,But Praised and Lov'd, and wished to Life again.Cotton Mather, 1708In New England, as in the country as a whole, teaching began as a male occupation. The earliest schoolmasters taught in small settlements of religious dissenters who had migrated to the wilderness of New England in the seventeenth century. The gendered meaning of teaching accompanied the social practice of hiring male teachers. Puritan minister Cotton Mather, in his passionate elegy for seventeenth-century New England schoolmaster Ezekiel Cheever, attests to the settlers' belief in the manliness of teachers. To Mather and other English settlers, the very term schoolmaster denoted masculine qualities. In Mather's own words: “He lives as a Master, the Term, which has been for above three thousand years, assign'd to the Life of a Man.” For Mather, teachers were not only male but embodied a particular vision of the masculine as well. Mather's vision of the ideal teacher, as having a specific kind of masculinity, was not unique to him. Drawing on English and Puritan traditions, the early New England colonists embraced an image of the ideal teacher that incorporated masculine virtues.
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Fraser, Edward. "Military veterans’ experiences of NHS mental health services". Journal of Public Mental Health 16, n.º 1 (20 de março de 2017): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmh-06-2016-0028.
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Purpose A significant minority of veterans have poor mental health outcomes but their needs are not always well managed by the NHS. The purpose of this paper is to explore veterans’ experiences of NHS mental healthcare in Norfolk and Suffolk to identify ways of improving services. Design/methodology/approach Interviews were conducted with 30 veterans. Template analysis was undertaken to explore key themes in the interview transcripts. Findings Participants were reluctant to seek help but were more likely to engage with a veteran-specific service. Those whose symptoms were military related reported better experiences when accessing treatment that was military sensitive. Research limitations/implications This was a local study and the findings do not necessarily reflect the views of the wider veteran community. Most participants who received military sensitive treatment were referred to the study by NHS providers, which could account for their positive feedback. Social implications The development of dedicated mental health services may encourage more veterans to seek support, helping to improve patient outcomes. There is a need for further research to determine the effectiveness of dedicated services and identify how they should be deployed. Originality/value Where academic interest has generally centred on the aetiology of mental health conditions within the military, this study focussed upon service user experience. The findings contributed to NHS England’s recent decision to extend its network of dedicated services in 12 areas of the country to cover veterans across England from April 2017.
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Park, Yoobin, Alexandra Crosswell e Drystan Phillips. "CROSS-NATIONAL COMPARISONS OF STRESS AND WELL-BEING IN THE INTERNATIONAL FAMILY OF HEALTH AND RETIREMENT STUDIES". Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (1 de novembro de 2022): 729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2656.
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Abstract Strong evidence demonstrates the long-term influence of stress and well-being on psychological, social, and physical health outcomes across the lifespan. Because of this, stress and well-being measures have been added to nearly all of the International Family of Health and Retirement Studies. However, this newly available data has not been compared cross-nationally or within-country to unpack how culture influences these important predictors of healthy aging. Using the Gateway to Global Aging Data, which provides harmonized data from the Health and Retirement Study and its sibling nationally representative studies, levels of self-reported stress (e.g. job stress, discrimination, loneliness) and well-being (e.g. quality of life, life satisfaction) are compared across 30 countries. Data come from the following studies: HRS, ELSA, SHARE, TILDA, CHARLS, KLoSA, MHAS, and JSTAR. We used data from the latest study wave for which the relevant survey was implemented. Average age of participants across studies is 67 and 55% are women. Initial analyses show stressor specific findings such as participants in Korea reported greater work stress than participants in Japan, England, the United States, and across Europe, and the United States reported higher loneliness than China and England, but not higher than Ireland. Reporting cross-national and within-country variation in these measures will be generative in pointing to new research directions for understanding how culture influences health and aging trajectories.
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Koltowska-Häggström, Maria, Anders F. Mattsson, John P. Monson, Paul Kind, Xavier Badia, Felipe F. Casanueva, Jan Busschbach, Hans P. F. Koppeschaar e Gudmundur Johannsson. "Does long-term GH replacement therapy in hypopituitary adults with GH deficiency normalise quality of life?" European Journal of Endocrinology 155, n.º 1 (julho de 2006): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.1.02176.
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Objective: To determine whether impaired quality of life (QoL) in adults with GH deficiency (GHD) is reversible with long-term GH therapy and whether the responses in QoL dimensions differ from each other. Methods: QoL was measured by the Quality of Life–Assessment for Growth Hormone Deficiency in Adults (QoL-AGHDA) in general population samples in England & Wales, The Netherlands, Spain and Sweden (n = 892, 1038, 868 and 1682 respectively) and compared with corresponding patients’ data from KIMS (Pfizer International Metabolic Database) (n = 758, 247, 197 and 484 respectively) for 4–6 years a follow-up. The subsets of patients from England and Wales, and Sweden with longitudinal data for 5 years’ follow-up were also analysed. The change of the total QoL-AGHDA scores and responses within dimensions were evaluated. Subanalyses were performed to identify any specificity in response pattern for gender, age, disease-onset and aetiology. Results: Irrespective of the degree of impairment, overall QoL improved dramatically in the first 12 months, with steady progress thereafter towards the country-specific population mean. Problems with memory and tiredness were the most serious burden for untreated patients, followed by tenseness, self-confidence and problems with socialising. With treatment, these improved in the reverse order, normalising for the latter three. Conclusions: Long-term GH replacement results in sustained improvements towards the normative country-specific values in overall QoL and in most impaired dimensions. The lasting improvement and almost identical pattern of response in each patient subgroup and independent of the level of QoL impairment support the hypothesis that GHD may cause these patients’ psychological problems.
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Marmot, Michael. "Closing the health gap". Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 45, n.º 7 (novembro de 2017): 723–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494817717433.
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One way of characterising the good society is one that has achieved a high degree of health equity. For a low-income country, one route to this achievement is to increase national income. But other features of society come to the fore, for low, middle and high-income societies alike. In England, my review of health inequalities highlighted: good early child development, education and life long learning, employment and working conditions, having enough income to lead a healthy life, healthy and sustainable places to live and work, taking a social determinants approach to prevention. Taking action on these requires commitment and cross-government action.
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Knapp, David, Arie Kapteyn, Alessandro Giambrone e Tabasa Ozawa. "A CROSS-COUNTRY ANALYSIS OF COGNITION AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS". Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (1 de dezembro de 2023): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.0947.
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Abstract The widely cited Lancet Commission (Livingston et al., 2017) concluded that a third of dementia cases may be preventable through appropriate interventions targeting what they refer to as modifiable risk factors. These risk factors have been widely studied individually, but rarely investigated collectively and across many countries. We analyze the cross-country consistency of relationships between these modifiable risk factors and cognition using an internationally comparable set of aging studies in 31 countries including the United States, England and Europe. Cross-country differences in culture, policies, economy, and other collective experiences lead to significant variation in lifecycle outcomes, including dementia onset and modifiable risk factors. We find a limited number of robust relations: education, depression, and hearing show clear, consistent associations with our cognition measure, the sum of immediate and delayed recall. The evidence for other factors, including obesity, smoking, diabetes, and hypertension is weaker and becomes almost non-existent when correcting for multiple hypotheses testing. The inconsistent relationship across countries between these risk factors and cognition suggests the lack of a causal mechanism leading to cognitive decline – a necessary condition for these risk factors to be modifiable and effective targets for policy interventions aimed at controlling the prevalence and cost of dementia.
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Watson, Debbie, Rachel Hahn e Jo Staines. "Storying special objects: Material culture, narrative identity and life story work for children in care". Qualitative Social Work 19, n.º 4 (19 de maio de 2019): 701–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473325019850616.
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This paper considers the importance of material objects for looked after and adopted children integrated as part of life story work practices. Conducting life story work is believed to be good practice within direct work with looked after children in England and there are a range of diverse practices, including life story books, later life letters and memory boxes. Through a creative design project developing a playful memory product for looked after children, we have had the opportunity to capture sector perspectives on life story work approaches and these are interspersed throughout this commentary. Combining multi-disciplinary theoretical perspectives and these sector insights, we explore how special material objects are important for children’s identity and continuity of sense of self. The paper highlights the importance of children telling their own stories of these objects, giving them agency and control over their life story narratives. In a context of austerity, life story work may not be prioritised by social workers who have many other competing demands and limited resources. We emphasise the need for professionals to recognise the value children give to objects and to provide them with opportunities to both keep these safe during placement moves and to tell their own story through their objects alongside more traditional, formal life story work. The recommendations have implications for children in out of home care in many country contexts, not just England where the research has been conducted.
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Cho, Tsai-Chin, Xuexin Yu, Alden Gross, Yuan Zhang e Lindsay Kobayashi. "SHORT-TERM WEALTH CHANGES AND SUBSEQUENT COGNITIVE HEALTH AMONG OLDER ADULTS IN CHINA, ENGLAND, MEXICO, AND THE US". Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (1 de novembro de 2022): 103–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.410.
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Abstract Household wealth is positively associated with later-life cognitive health, but little is known about the effects of changes in wealth over time and whether they differ across populations. In this study, we evaluated the within- and between-country relationships between short-term changes in household wealth and subsequent cognitive function among adults aged ≥65 years in China, England, Mexico, and the US. We used sampling-weighted, multivariable-adjusted linear models to estimate the relationships between household wealth change over 3- to 4-year periods and subsequent harmonized general cognitive performance factor scores using HCAP measures. We found that short-term decreases in household wealth were associated with poor subsequent cognitive health in the US and China, but not in England or Mexico. The observed associations were weaker in Mexico than in the US. In summary, macro-level social and economic structures may modify the association between wealth changes and cognitive health, although further investigation is needed.
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Nettle, Daniel. "Flexibility in reproductive timing in human females: integrating ultimate and proximate explanations". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, n.º 1563 (12 de fevereiro de 2011): 357–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0073.
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From an ultimate perspective, the age of onset of female reproduction should be sensitive to variation in mortality rates, and variation in the productivity of non-reproductive activities. In accordance with this prediction, most of the cross-national variation in women's age at first birth can be explained by differences in female life expectancies and incomes. The within-country variation in England shows a similar pattern: women have children younger in neighbourhoods where the expectation of healthy life is shorter and incomes are lower. I consider the proximate mechanisms likely to be involved in producing locally appropriate reproductive decisions. There is evidence suggesting that developmental induction, social learning and contextual evocation may all play a role.
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clouse, doug. "A Neat Specimen". Gastronomica 7, n.º 4 (2007): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2007.7.4.23.
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Printed ephemera can be beguiling evidence of historic foodways. An ad for an English food merchant from 1880 uses language that blurs its time of origin. It shows familiar terms, such as "American cheese," but others, such as "green ham," that signal its antiquity. Because ads and other bits of throwaway graphic design are usually tied to brief, transitory events, they express their time succinctly and offer many paths for food historians to follow. This ad leads to investigations about what foods were popular in 1880 England, the terms used for them, the differences between city life and country life, and the rapid changes in food production at the end of the nineteenth century.
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Aida, Jun, Noriko Cable, Paola Zaninotto, Toru Tsuboya, Georgios Tsakos, Yusuke Matsuyama, Kanade Ito et al. "Social and Behavioural Determinants of the Difference in Survival among Older Adults in Japan and England". Gerontology 64, n.º 3 (2018): 266–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000485797.
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Background: A rapidly ageing population presents major challenges to health and social care services. Cross-country comparative studies on survival among older adults are limited. In addition, Japan, the country with the longest life expectancy, is rarely included in these cross-country comparisons. Objective: We examined the relative contributions of social and behavioural factors on the differences in survival among older people in Japan and England. Methods: We used data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES; n = 13,176) and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA; n = 5,551) to analyse all-cause mortality up to 9.4 years from the baseline. Applying Laplace regression models, the 15th survival percentile difference was estimated. Results: During the follow-up, 31.3% of women and 38.6% of men in the ELSA died, whereas 19.3% of women and 31.3% of men in the JAGES died. After adjusting for age and baseline health status, JAGES participants had longer survival than ELSA participants by 318.8 days for women and by 131.6 days for men. Family-based social relationships contributed to 105.4 days longer survival in JAGES than ELSA men. Fewer friendship-based social relationships shortened the JAGES men’s survival by 45.4 days compared to ELSA men. Currently not being a smoker contributed to longer survival for JAGES women (197.7 days) and ELSA men (46.6 days), and having lower BMI reduced the survival of JAGES participants by 129.0 days for women and by 212.2 days for men. Conclusion: Compared to participants in England, Japanese older people lived longer mainly because of non-smoking for women and family-based social relationships for men. In contrast, a lower rate of underweight, men’s better friendship-based social relationships, and a lower smoking rate contributed to survival among participants in England.
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Schneider, Justine, e Angela Hallam. "Specialist work schemes: user satisfaction and costs". Psychiatric Bulletin 21, n.º 6 (junho de 1997): 331–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.21.6.331.
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This paper is a study of the costs and quality of life of 157 people attending specialist employment schemes for people with long-term mental health problems in southeast England. The research, work force, and the seven work settings are described and differences found between service users in satisfaction, social networks and costs at 1994–95 levels are reported. This is the first such study of work schemes in this country, and while still not generalisable, it supplies valuable empirical evidence for all those concerned with psychiatric rehabilitation.
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KOZAN, Mert. "BÜYÜK ALFRED DÖNEMİ ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME". TOBIDER - International Journal of Social Sciences 6, n.º 1 (29 de maio de 2022): 146–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.30830/tobider.sayi.10.7.
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Alfred the Great is King of Wessex, reigning from 871 to 899. Alfred successfully defended his country against the the invasion and pilage attempt of Vikings and became the most powerful monarch in England until his death. Alfred is one of two British monarchs to hold the title of "Great". The other ruler with this title is Knud the Great, who Scandinavian origin. He was the first king to describe himself not only as the "King of the West Saxons" but als as the "King of the Anglo-Saxons" as a completly. Alfred the Great draws attention as one of the rare medieval figures whose popularity still continues today with his actions. Alfred's influence continued through the ages and was directly associated with British imperialism by some authors. Cultural and administrative developments during the reign of Alfred the Great attracted the attention of many authors. Alfred was famous as a merciful, gracious king who loved to learn, reorganized the legal system and military structure of his country with his reforms, and improved the quality of life of the people. Alfred made incentives for the dissemination of education in his country. However, he preferred English, not Latin, as the language of education in the country. The main purpose of our article is to provide a brief perspective on Alfred's life.
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محمد الهاشمي, رحيم كاظم. "التَّنافس البريطانيّ-الروسي في إيران في ظلّ حكومة أمين السّلطان1898 – 1903م". Journal of Education College Wasit University 1, n.º 26 (12 de janeiro de 2018): 113–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/eduj.vol1.iss26.92.
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Witnesses Iran since along time conflict between Two great powers those it Russia and England specially during (1898-1903) ,Have Long been the Phenomenon of granting Concessions in Iran during Qajar era especially to Russia and Great Britain an Important factor Contributing to draw the Modern history of the Country and decided his fate they deliberately Iran's rulers, Prime Ministers to grant huge privileges to both countries in exchange for huge sums of money in return, have affected those concessions on the whole life in Iran which ended in an attempt regime change in the country through what is known as the constitutional revolution of 1905, and in this paper we will discuss a section of these privileges, which was awaked during the reign of Amin Sultan from 1898-103.
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Zaninotto, Paola, Giorgio Di Gessa e Jenny Head. "Vision and Hearing Impairments in Relation to Disability-Free Life Expectancy in People From England and the United States". Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (1 de dezembro de 2020): 560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1843.
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Abstract Both hearing and vision impairments are some of the most common deficits experienced by older adults. We examined the impact of self-reported vision and hearing impairments on disability-free life expectancy (DFLE). We used harmonized data from the Gateway to Global Aging Data from the US Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). We used discrete-time multistate life table models to estimate disability-free life expectancy by sex, age and country. In both countries and at all ages either vision or hearing impairment was associated with shorter DFLE compared to those who reported no impairments. Reporting both vision and hearing impairments reduced DFLE. For example, at the age of 50, men and women with both vision and hearing impairments could expect to live up to 12 fewer years free from disability compared with men and women with no impairments, similar results were found in both countries.
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Gomez-Baya, Diego, Alicia Muñoz-Silva e Francisco Jose Garcia-Moro. "Family Climate and Life Satisfaction in 12-Year-Old Adolescents in Europe". Sustainability 12, n.º 15 (22 de julho de 2020): 5902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12155902.
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This research aimed to examine the association between life satisfaction and family climate indicators in 12-year-old European adolescents. Cross-sectional data from the second wave of the Children’s Worlds project—an international survey of children’s lives and well-being—were examined. Specifically, data from participating European countries were analyzed: i.e., Estonia, Spain, Germany, England, Romania, Norway, Poland, and Malta. This sample of 9281 adolescents (50.3% girls) filled in self-report measures of life satisfaction and some indicators of family climate. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were performed by country. Furthermore, a confirmatory model was tested to examine the association between family climate and life satisfaction. The results pointed out that having a good time together with family and being treated fairly by parents/carers were the indicators with the greatest positive effects on life satisfaction. In general, a more positive family climate was associated with higher life satisfaction among 12-year-old adolescents in the participating eight European countries.
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Huda, Md Nurul. "Activities of Islamic Sharī’ah Council and Muslim Arbitration Tribunal to Apply Islamic Law in England and Wales". Al-Milal: Journal of Religion and Thought 2, n.º 2 (26 de dezembro de 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.46600/almilal.v2i2.81.
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The UK is a Christian majority country with several minority religious groups like Muslims, Hindus, Jews and Sikhs who have been living there for a long time. All faith groups have their own laws. Likewise, Muslims also have their specific laws called “Sharī’ah law” or “Muslim Family Law”. This paper attempts to represent a prospect of how Islamic law deals with the issues faced by the Muslims in England and Wales. There are many “The Islamic Shari’ah Council (ISC)” and “Muslim Arbitrational Tribunal (MAT) to solve the family concerns in England and Wales, for instance, marriage, child custody, divorce and other issues related to their matrimonial life. These councils play a prime role in implementing Islamic law among Muslims in Britain. Since ISC and MAT play a crucial role in applying Islamic law, it will be the focusing component of the paper. This study examines how ISC and MAT resolve the legal problems of the Muslim families and to which extent sometimes it is allegedly not compatible with England and Wales's domestic legal settings. Moreover, the main aim and object of the paper is to find out the internal functions and the processes of the Islamic Sharī’ah Council and Muslim Arbitration Tribunal in England and Wales
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Beglov, Alexey. "Religious Life in the USSR and the Allied Policy of 1943: the Perspective of an American Assumptionist". Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, n.º 5 (2022): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640020319-8.
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The article considers one of the aspects of the transformation of the religious policy of the Soviet leaders during the Great Patriotic War. In 1941–1943 one of the main addressees of this policy were the allies of the USSR in the anti-Hitler coalition. The document on which this article is centred reflects the British view of the rapprochement between the Russian Orthodox Church and the Church of England in 1943. It is a report to the Vatican compiled by Fr Leopold Braun AA, Rector of the Catholic parish of St Louis in Moscow. The American priest describes the overall picture of religious and near-religious life in the country from the summer to the autumn of 1943; informs the Holy See of the circumstances of the 1943 Council of the Russian Orthodox Church and the election of Patriarch Sergius; details the visit to Moscow of Archbishop Cyril Garbett of York. Fr Braun emphasises the religious dimension of this visit. He claims that some members of the British diplomatic corps and journalists expected liturgical communion to be established between the Russian Orthodox Church and the Church of England. These assumptions were not confirmed by members of the British delegation, but reflected the sentiments of part of British society.
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Setecka, Agnieszka. "“Gold … Was Certainly Very Attractive; But He Did Not Like New South Wales as a Country in Which to Live.” The Representation of Australian Society in Trollope’s John Caldigate". Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 52, n.º 4 (20 de dezembro de 2017): 395–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stap-2017-0017.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Abstract Australia features in numerous Victorian novels either as a place of exile or a land of new opportunities, perhaps the most memorable image of the country having been presented in Charles Dickens’s Great Expectations (1861). Anthony Trollope’s writing, however, offers a much more extensive and complex presentation of Australian life as seen by a Victorian English gentleman. In his Australian fictions, including Harry Heathcote of Gangoil (1874), Catherine Carmichael (1878), and John Caldigate (1879), he presents Australia both as a land of new opportunities and as a place where social hierarchy as it is known in England is upturned and social boundaries either disregarded or drawn along different lines. The present article is concerned with the ways in which Trollope’s John Caldigate represents differences in the structure of English and Australian society, stressing the latter’s lack of a clear class hierarchy characteristic of social organisation “back home”. The society of Australia is presented as extremely plastic and mobile - both in terms of space and structure. Consequently, it can hardly be contained within a stiffly defined hierarchy, and it seems to defy the rules of social organisation that are accepted as natural and obvious in England. In Trollope’s fiction success in Australia depends to a large extent on hard work, ability to withstand the hardships of life with no luxuries, and thrift, and thus on personal virtues, but the author nevertheless suggests that it is defined solely by economic capital at the cost of cultural capital, so significant in England.