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Hochart, Corentin. "Bacterial symbionts ecology associated to coral and crustose coralline algae from the Pacific Ocean : from community to genome". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS231.
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Les récifs coralliens tropicaux dépendent de communautés microbiennes complexes qui régissent les cycles biogéochimiques, maintiennent la santé des hôtes et soutiennent l'homéostasie de l'écosystème. Il est essentiel de comprendre l'écologie complexe des microorganismes des récifs coralliens pour préserver ces précieux écosystèmes. Cependant, le rôle fonctionnel précis des communautés microbiennes des récifs reste mal connu. En particulier, l'association entre les coraux et les bactéries de la famille des Endozoicomonadaceae, considérée comme un symbiote bactérien crucial pour les coraux, n'est toujours pas bien définie. Les micro-organismes tels que les Endozoicomonadaceae semblent essentiels à la survie de l'hôte corallien adulte, mais l'installation des larves est un autre élément important pour la santé des coraux. Il a récemment été démontré que le succès du recrutement des larves dépendait des algues calcaires encroutantes (CCA) sur lesquelles elles s'installent. Plus précisément, les communautés microbiennes associées aux CCA peuvent jouer un rôle crucial, mais nous savons très peu de choses sur ces communautés. Les objectifs généraux de cette thèse étaient d'étudier la diversité des espèces et le potentiel fonctionnel des communautés microbiennes associées aux coraux tropicaux et aux CCA. Le chapitre 2 s'est concentré sur les Endozoicomonadaceae associées à trois espèces de coraux dans l'océan Pacifique. Il a révélé que différentes espèces de coraux présentent des stratégies distinctes de relations hôte-symbionte. Nous avons identifié trois nouvelles espèces de symbiotes, chacune présentant des adaptations fonctionnelles distinctes qui peuvent être à l'origine de la relation hôte-symbiote. L'environnement n'a généralement qu'un faible effet sur la composition de la communauté d'Endozoicomonadaceae, tandis que la lignée génétique de l'hôte est importante pour certains coraux. Nous suggérons que la relation entre les Endozoicomonadaceae et le corail peut aller de relations stables de co-dépendance à des associations opportunistes. Dans le chapitre 3, nous avons décrit les communautés microbiennes associées à différentes espèces de CCA à travers des échelles spatiales et défini les facteurs contrôlant leur composition. Nous avons également vérifié s'il existait des liens entre les communautés microbiennes de la CCA et des larves de corail. Nos résultats suggèrent que le microbiome des algues de la CCA n'agit pas comme un réservoir microbien pour les larves de corail en développement. Cependant, nous avons observé que les communautés microbiennes des recrues coralliennes différaient en fonction de leur association avec différents types d'algues. Nous concluons que les CCAs et leurs bactéries associées influencent la composition du microbiome des recrues coralliennes. De plus, nous montrons que différentes espèces de CCA présentent des communautés microbiennes distinctes, avec un signal potentiel de phylosymbiose, suggérant l'adaptabilité du microbiome au cours de l'évolution. Dans le chapitre 4, nous avons étudié le potentiel fonctionnel des communautés microbiennes des CCAs. Nous avons démontré que les CCAs abritent des communautés fonctionnelles distinctes bien qu'elles partagent une forte base commune. Les communautés microbiennes des deux espèces de CCAs que nous avons ciblées n'a pas montré de différences claires dans leur capacité à produire des inducteurs de recrutement larvaire. Cependant, les capacités fonctionnelles d'induction n'étaient pas homogènes entre les genres microbiens des espèces de CCAs. Nous suggérons que les communautés microbiennes ne déterminent pas directement le comportement de recrutement des larves, mais qu'elles améliorent ou atténuent plutôt la réponse induite par la CCA et l'environnementTropical coral reefs depend on complex microbial communities that drive biogeochemical cycles, maintain host health, and support ecosystem homeostasis. Understanding the complex ecology of coral reef microorganisms is essential for the preservation of these precious ecosystems. However, the precise functional role of the reef microbial communities remains poorly known. In particular, the association between corals and bacteria of the Endozoicomonadaceae family, believed to be a crucial coral bacterial symbiont, is still not well defined. Microorganisms such as Endozoicomonadaceae appear essential for the survival of the adult coral host, but larval settlement is another important element for the corals’ fitness. The success of larval recruitment has recently been shown to depend on the Crustose Coraline Algae (CCA) on which they settle. More precisely, microbial communities associated with CCAs may play a crucial role, yet we know very little about these communities. The overall objectives of this thesis were to study the species diversity and the functional potential of the microbial communities associated with tropical corals and crustose coralline algae (CCA). Chapter 2 focused on Endozoicomonadaceae associated to three coral species across the Pacific Ocean. It revealed that different coral species exhibit distinct strategies of host-symbiont relationships. We identified three new symbiont species, each with distinct functional adaptations that may drive the host-symbiont relationship. The environment had generally only a small effect on Endozoicomonadaceae community composition, while the genetic lineage of the host was important in some corals. We suggest that the relation between Endozoicomonadaceae and the coral can range from stable co-dependent relationships to opportunistic associations. In Chapter 3, we described the microbial communities associated to different CCA species across spatial scales and defined the factors controlling their composition. We also tested if their were some links between the CCA and coral larvae microbial communities. Our results suggest that the CCA microbiome does not act as a microbial reservoir for the developing coral larvae. However, we observed that the microbial communities of coral recruits differed depending on their association with different types of algae. We conclude that CCAs and their associated bacteria influence the composition of the coral recruits’ microbiome. Additionally, we showed that different CCA species exhibit distinct microbial communities, with potential signal of phylosymbiosis, suggesting adaptability of the microbiome through evolutionary time. In Chapter 4, we studied the functional potential of CCA microbial communities. We demonstrate that CCA harbor distinct functional communities despite sharing a strong core functional metabolisms. The microbial community of the two CCA species that we targeted did not show clear differences in their ability to produce coral larvae inducers. However, inducing functional capabilities were not homogenous across microbial genera between CCA species. We suggest that microbial communities do not directly determine the behaviour of larvae settlement, but rather enhance or mitigate the response induced by the CCA and the environment
2
Ringeltaube, Petra. "Taxonomy and ecology of non-geniculate coralline algae (corallinales, rhodophyta) on Heron Reef (Great Barrier Reef) /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16297.pdf.
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Mays, Kristin Leigh. "Ultrastructural Features of Tetrasporgenesis Within the Corallinoideae and Taxonomic Implications for Coralline Red Algae (Corallinales, Rhodophyta)". W&M ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626096.
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Puckree-Padua, Courtney Ann. "The genus Spongites (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) in South Africa". University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6957.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDCoralline red algae (Corallinales, Hapalidiales, Sporolithales: Corallinophycidae, Rhodophyta) are widespread and common in all the world’s oceans (Adey & McIntyre 1973; Johansen 1981; Littler et al. 1985; Björk et al. 1995; Aguirre et al. 2007; Harvey & Woelkerling 2007; Littler & Littler 2013). They achieve their highest diversity in the tropics and subtropics (Björk et al. 1995; Littler & Littler 2013; Riosmena-Rodríguez et al. 2017), and within the photic zone of rocky shores (Lee 1967; Littler 1973; Adey 1978; Adey et al. 1982; Steneck 1986; Kendrick 1991; Kaehler & Williams 1996; Gattuso et al. 2006; van der Heijden & Kamenos 2015; Riosmena-Rodríguez et al. 2017) where they serve as important carbonate structures (Adey et al. 1982; Littler & Littler 1994, 1997; Vermeij et al. 2011) and habitats for a host of marine species (Foster 2001; Amado-Filho et al. 2010; Foster et al. 2013; Littler & Littler 2013; Riosmena-Rodríguez et al. 2017). Coralline algae are resilient, inhabiting extreme conditions that include: low temperatures (Adey 1970, 1973; Freiwald & Hendrich 1994; Barnes et al. 1996; Freiwald 1996; Aguirre et al. 2000; Roberts et al. 2002; Björk et al. 2005; Martone et al. 2010); limited light exposures (Adey 1970; Littler & Littler 1985; Littler et al. 1985; Liddell & Ohlhorst 1988; Dullo et al. 1990; Littler & Littler 1994; Iryu et al. 1995; Stellar and Foster 1995; Gattuso et al. 2006; Aguirre et al. 2007; Littler & Littler 2013); severe wave action (Steneck 1989; Littler & Littler 2013); intense grazing pressures (Steneck 1989; Steneck & Dethier 1994; Maneveldt & Keats 2008; Littler & Littler 2013), highly fluctuating salinities (Harlin et al. 1985; Barry & Woelkerling 1995; Barnes et al. 1996; Wilson et al. 2004); including occurring in freshwater (Žuljevic et al. 2016), and constant sand scouring (Littler & Littler 1984; D’Antonio 1986; Kendrick 1991; Chamberlain 1993; Dethier 1994).
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Karlinska-Batres, Klementyna. "Microbial diversity of coralline sponges". Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-179567.
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Gabel, Jennifer E. "Phylogenetic reassessment of the mastophoroideae (Corallinaceae, rhodophyta) using molecular and morphological data /". Electronic version (PDF), 2003. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2003/gabelj/jennifergabel.pdf.
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Karnas, Kimberly Joy. "Phylogenetic Implications of Sporogenesis Ultrastructure in the Genus Bossiella (Corallinales, Rhodophyta)". W&M ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625968.
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Griffin, Bethany Ann. "Taxonomic Implications of Sporanglial Ultrastructure Within the Subfamily Melobesioideae Corallinales, Rhodophyta)". W&M ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626098.
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Bedell, Mark T. "Phylogenetic Implications of Sporangial Ultrastructure in the Subfamily Lithophylloideae (Corallinales, Rhodophyta)". W&M ScholarWorks, 1999. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626209.
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Whittington, John. "Physiological effects of salinity on chara corallina /". Title page, contents and summary only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw6258.pdf.
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Tester, Mark Alfred. "Studies of ion channels in Chara corallina". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293901.
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Figueiredo, Marcia Abreu de Oliveira. "Susceptibility of crustose coralline algae to epiphytes". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333254.
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Lea, David Wallace. "Foraminiferal and coralline barium as paleoceanographic tracers". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54332.
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Burdett, Heidi L. "DMSP dynamics in marine coralline algal habitats". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4108/.
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Dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP) is a dimethylated sulphur compound that appears to be produced by most marine algae and is a major component of the marine sulphur cycle. The majority of research to date has focused on the production of DMSP and its major breakdown product, the climatically important gas dimethylsulphide (DMS) (collectively DMS/P), by phytoplankton in the open ocean. A number of functions for intracellular DMSP (DMSPi) in phytoplankton have been identified and the cycling of DMS/P appears to be critical for ecosystem function. However, mechanisms for the production and release of DMS/P in the coastal ocean are poorly understood, despite the region’s economic and ecological importance. Coralline algal habitats (e.g. maerl beds, coral reefs, seagrass meadows, kelp forests) are distributed throughout the coastal oceans worldwide. Their three-dimensional structure supports high biodiversity and provides numerous services, generating considerable economic wealth. DMSPi in coralline algae is known to be high, thus coralline algal habitats may be critical components of the coastal sulphur cycle. This research aimed to improve our understanding of the production of DMS/P by coralline algal habitats by investigating (1) natural spatiotemporal variation and (2) the influence of environmental pressures. This was achieved through a number of laboratory and field-based studies, utilising modern and well-established techniques. The first objective of this research was to better understand the photosynthesis of red coralline algae (Chapter 3), as the algal precursor to DMSPi is methionine, a product of photosynthesis. The photosynthetic characteristics of coralline algae exhibited acclimation to changing light conditions (e.g. over a diurnal cycle or between natural and static lighting conditions). Further, for the species tested, coralline algae are often subjected to light-saturating natural conditions, therefore requiring efficient photo-protective mechanisms, which may include DMSPi regulation. On a global scale, DMSPi in coralline algae may decline with latitude, reinforcing the role of DMSPi as an antioxidant (Chapter 4). At smaller spatial scales, DMS/P production, release and recycling mechanisms were apparent in a number of habitat types (Chapter 4). A strong seasonal trend in DMS/P was also observed at a Scottish maerl bed, driven by water temperature and cloud cover (Chapter 5). Annually averaged DMS and DMSP concentrations were 230% and 700% respectively higher than the open ocean, highlighting the potential importance of the coastal ocean in the marine sulphur cycle (Chapter 5). The influence of environmental pressures (decreased salinity, variable pH and grazing) on DMS/P production by coralline algal habitats was examined (Chapters 6 – 8). In agreement with the phytoplankton literature, a chronic, but not acute, reduction in salinity led to a significant decline in coralline algal DMSPi concentrations and a sinking of the surface epithelial cells but no apparent impact on photosynthesis (Chapter 6). In the naturally variable tropical reef environment, calcifying algae continually regulated DMSPi concentrations in response to the diurnal cycling of carbonate saturation state (Chapter 7), suggesting that DMSPi may be enhanced under low pH regimes to compensate for enhanced oxidant production. Under low pH conditions, cracks were observed between the surface epithelial cells of coralline algae, potentially allowing DMSPi to leak from the cells (Chapter 7). In the field, grazing by urchins appeared to facilitate the release of DMS/P from kelp in coralline algal habitats (Chapter 8). In the laboratory, DMSPi in coralline algae increased in response to chemical cues from grazers rather than direct grazing activity, as had been previously proposed. Prior to this research, little information was available on DMS/P concentrations in coralline algal habitats. The marine sulphur cycle may impact climate regulation and ecosystem function on a global scale. This research provides a comprehensive source of information on the importance of coralline algal habitats in the marine sulphur cycle by examining natural variability and potential changes in response to environmental perturbations. This work will form a baseline for continued research in this field, investigating, for example, the impact of multiple stressors on DMS/P production, release and recycling in coastal marine habitats.
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Farias, Julyana da Nóbrega. "Aspectos taxonômicos de Lithothamnion superpositum e Mesophyllum engelhartii (Corallinales; Rhodophyta) do Brasil". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/92809.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Florianópolis, 2009Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-24T12:35:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 269446.pdf: 4870259 bytes, checksum: 66a7f7c1a006806399372012726d6b00 (MD5)
Apesar da enorme importância das algas calcária não-geniculadas, elas são pouco conhecidas no Brasil, onde se acredita que se localizem os maiores bancos naturais. Em nossa tentativa de identificar este grupo na costa do Brasil, coletamos alguns espécimes que concordam com o conceito de Lithothamnion Heydrich. Dentro deste gênero, os espécimes foram identificados como L. heteromorphum (Foslie) Foslie, espécie originalmente descrita para o Brasil. No entanto, foram feitas análises detalhadas do material tipo e da literatura de L. superpositum Foslie descrito para a África do Sul e Austrália, os resultados indicam que se trata do mesmo táxon. Portanto, este trabalho estende a distribuição de L. superpositum para costa oeste do Atlântico e propõe que L. heteromorphum (Foslie) Foslie seja considerado seu sinônimo heterotípico. Além disso, o presente trabalho também reporta Mesophyllum engelhartii (Foslie) Adey pela primeira vez na costa oeste do Atlântico. As amostras foram coletadas no Espírito Santo e Santa Catarina e incluíam crostas tetraspóricas ou não férteis. Alguns espécimes não férteis foram mantidos em cultura e desenvolveram conceptáculos masculinos. O material foi analisado utilizando microscopia eletrônica de varredura e de luz. Questões relativas ao conceito de Mesophyllum também são discutidas.
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Crofts, Alan. "Anion efflux across the plasma membrane of Chara corallina". Thesis, University of York, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358101.
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Bittner, Lucie. "Phylogénie des Corallinales (Rhodophyta) et analyse de leur diversité génétique dans le Pacifique Sud". Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MNHN0043.
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Les Corallinales, algues rouges calcifiées, sont avec les coraux hermatypiques, des organismes fondateurs de l’écosystème corallien. Leur abondance et leur large répartition écologique et géographique en font un groupe d’intérêt particulier dans l’étude des milieux actuels et dans la reconstitution des paléo-environnements. Toutefois, leur étude est limitée par une α-taxonomie difficile et des techniques d’histologie lourdes. L’objectif de cette thèse a donc été de développer des outils moléculaires, d’une part pour réaliser des phylogénies moléculaires multi-marqueurs permettant de réévaluer les caractères morphologiques dans un contexte évolutif reposant sur des hypothèses testables, et d’autre part pour délimiter des ‘espèces’ par la désignation d’unités évolutives distinctes grâce à l’analyse de la diversité génétique d’un marqueur moléculaire, comme habituellement proposé dans les études de type code barre. Ces études ont bénéficié d’un large échantillonnage de Corallinales du Pacifique Sud (Vanuatu, îles Fidji, Polynésie Française (Mooréa) et Nouvelle–Calédonie). Dans une première partie, les résultats ont permis de redéfinir les frontières des Corallinales au sein des Corallinophycidae (Corallinales et Rhodogorgonales) à l’aide de séquences nucléaires (SSU, LSU, EF2). L’ordre des Sporolithales a été créé pour la famille des Sporolithaceae, constituant une troisième lignée au sein des Corallinophycidae, caractérisée par des tétraspores cruciées. Les relations phylogénétiques au sein des Corallinales ont ensuite été réévaluées à l’aide de quatre marqueurs moléculaires (SSU, LSU, CO1, psbA). La monophylie des deux familles actuellement reconnues au sein des Corallinales, les Corallinaceae et les Hapalidiaceae, a été confirmée, de même que la monophylie de trois des quatre sous-familles reconnues au sein Corallinaceae (les Corallinoideae, les Lithophylloideae et les Metagoniolithoideae). La quatrième sous-famille de Corallinaceae en revanche, les Mastophoroideae, est apparue formée de quatre lignées distinctes. Pour établir la monophylie des Mastophoroideae, celle-ci a été restreinte aux genres Mastophora, Metamastophora, et, peut-être Lithoporella. Le genre Hydrolithon est aussi apparu non monophylétique, constitué d’une lignée contenant l’espèce type du genre, H. Reinboldii et d’une autre lignée comprenant H. Onkodes qui était auparavant l’espèce type du genre Porolithon. Le genre Porolithon a été rétabli, et il comprend des corallines au thalle monomère ayant des trichocytes disposées en rangées horizontales. De plus, les analyses phylogénétiques réalisées dans cette étude révèlent de la diversité cryptique chez plusieurs taxons, en particulier les genres Mesophyllum et Neogoniolithon. Dans la deuxième partie, un grand nombre de Corallinales a été analysé (le nombre de Corallinales récoltées au cours de cette thèse s’élève à plus de 830 spécimens) dans l’optique d’essayer de trouver une méthode fiable pour en évaluer la diversité réelle. Ces aspects sont essentiels pour la gestion et la conservation des écosystèmes. Deux marqueurs (la partie du gène CO1 traditionnellement recommandée comme code barre ADN et le gène psbA) ont été amplifiés et séquencés puis des méthodes de délimitation d’unités évolutives génétiques ont été utilisées afin d’estimer le nombre d’espèces de l’ensemble de notre échantillonnage. Deux méthodes publiées ont été utilisées, ainsi que deux méthodes supplémentaires, développées dans le cadre de cette thèse. En outre, des jeux de données simulées, ainsi que d’autres jeux de données d’algues rouges disponibles sur GenBank ont été étudiés. Le nombre de d’unités évolutives désignées varie en fonction de la méthode utilisée, en fonction du marqueur moléculaire étudié, et en fonction de la localité échantillonnée. Dans les rares cas où le même nombre d’unités évolutives est trouvé aussi bien avec le marqueur CO1 qu’avec le marqueur psbA, seuls 27,5% de ces unités présentent une composition identique. Ces résultats révèlent des propriétés de coalescence différentes entre le génome plastidial et le génome mitochondrial chez les Corallinales et posent le problème du choix arbitraire du marqueur lors d’une étude exploratoire de délimitation d’unités évolutives. De plus, une incongruence forte a été détectée entre les arbres de CO1 et de psbA, suggérant ainsi un événement d’hybridation ou de recombinaison. Des analyses supplémentaires ont montré que sur les histogrammes de fréquence de diversité génétique il semble possible de délimiter des unités évolutives distinctes à une échelle locale, mais qu’il ne s’agit que d’un artefact d’échantillonnage. Enfin, nos données mettent en évidence la capacité de dispersion sur de longues distances des Corallinales dans le Pacifique Sud (à plus de 6 300 kilomètres de distance, entre les îles Fidji et les Philippines). Ce manuscrit de thèse s’achève par une réflexion générale sur la démarche des taxinomistes lors de leur exploration de la biodiversité en fonction des concepts espèces qu’ils emploient. De nouvelles perspectives de travail sont proposées pour les futures études sur les Corallinales, incluant notamment des efforts particuliers de recherche sur les processus évolutifs à l’origine de la diversité de cette lignéeCorallinales algae are characterized by the calcification of their cell wall, which contributes to the edification of coral reef. Due to their abundance and their wide distribution, they are good candidates to study present environments and to reconstitute coral paleo- environment. Nevertheless, the study of this order is hampered by a convoluted alpha-taxonomy history and complex histological preparation. The objective of this dissertation was therefore to develop molecular analyses to i) infer from multimarkers the phylogenetic relationships among the Corallinales and test the significance of morpho anatomical characters in an evolutive framework, and ii) delineate ‘species’ based on the delimitation of genetic clusters, as usually done in barcode of Life initiative. Toward these aims, a comprehensive taxa sampling was done in the south Pacific: Vanuatu, Fidji, French Polynesia (Moorea) and New Caledonia (second largest coral reef in the world and hot spot of biodiversity). Phylogenetic results presented in the first part of this dissertation supported a new delineation of the Corallinales within the Corallinophycidae (Corallinales and Rhodogorgonales) based on nuclear genes (SSU, LSU, EF2). The new order Sporolithales was proposed for the Sporolithaceae, which constituted a third lineage in the Corallinophycidae characterized by cruciately arranged tetraspores. Phylogenetic relationships among the Corallinales (as previously emended in excluding the Sporolithaceae) have been inferred from four molecular markers (SSU, LSU, CO1, psbA). Phylogenetic analyses recovered the monophyly of the Corallinales and the two families currently recognized within the order, the Corallinaceae and the Hapalidiaceae as well as three out of the four subfamilies of the Corallinaceae (Corallinoideae, Lithophylloideae, and Metagoniolithoideae). The Mastophoroideae, the fourth subfamily of the Corallinaceae, was resolved as four distinct lineages. We therefore proposed to restrict the Mastophoroideae to the genera Mastophora, Metamastophora, and possibly Lithoporella, in the aim of rendering this subfamily monophyletic. Our phylogenies resolved the genus Hydrolithon in two unrelated lineages, one containing the generitype H. Reinboldii and the second containing H. Onkodes, which was previously the generitype of the genus Porolithon. We therefore proposed to resurrect the genus Porolithon for the second lineage encompassing species with monomerous thallus and trichocyte arrangement in horizontal rows. Moreover, our phylogenetic analyses revealed the presence of cryptic diversity in several taxa, in particular in the genera Mesophyllum and Neogoniolithon, suggesting the need of further study to better circumscribe species frontiers in this diverse order. In the second part of this dissertation, a large taxa sampling of Corallinales (over than 830 specimens were collected for this study) was analyzed in the attempt of finding accurate methods to evaluate actual diversity within the order as this aspect is crucial for managing and conserving ecosystems. Two markers (psbA and the 5’end of the CO1- the standard DNA barcode) were amplified and sequenced prior to test methods of delimitation of ‘genetic species’ in the aim of estimating the number of species in the taxa sample analysed. Two published methods were tested and two were developed during the course of this PhD thesis. Moreover, simulated datasets and rhodophytean data available on GenBank were studied. The number of ‘genetic species’ inferred is method-dependent, marker-dependent, and locality-dependent. In the seldom cases where the two markers leaded to the same estimate of ‘genetic species’, only 27. 5% of this genetic species were identical. These results revealed distinct coalescent properties between plastid and mitochondrial genomes and rise the issue of arbitrary marker choice for exploratory studies of species delineation. Moreover results highlighted a strong incongruence between the genes CO1 and psbA suggesting hybridization and/or recombination events. Supplementary analyses have shown that when samples are restricted to a local scale it seems possible to delineate ‘genetic species’ however such clear delineation is only due to a sampling artefact. Lately, our data have highlighted the long scale dispersion capacity of the Corallinales in South Pacific (more that 6300km between Fiji and Philippines). This dissertation ends by a discussion on the various approaches developed by taxonomists to explore biodiversity depending on the species concepts they follow. Perspectives on future Corallinales studies should focus on the understanding of the evolutionary processes at the origin of the diversity of this order
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Pinto, Talita Vieira. "Aspectos morfoanatômicos, reprodutivos e moleculares do gênero Lithophyllum (Lithophylloideae, Corallinales, Rhodophyta) do sul do Brasil". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/95507.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Florianópolis, 2011Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-26T02:43:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 293002.pdf: 1217384 bytes, checksum: 6d8835077b7f274cd999a49d15cb016b (MD5)
As algas calcárias do Filo Rhodophyta, apresentam como principal característica a impregnação de carbonato nas paredes celulares, e por este motivo são necessárias técnicas diferenciadas para estudos anatômicos destas algas. Apesar do aprimoramento recente na caracterização do referido grupo, a ausência de um padrão metodológico que se observa nos estudos realizados para este grupo, demonstra que ainda existe demanda por metodologias alternativas que subsidiem a taxonomia do grupo. O uso de ferramentas moleculares é uma alternativa informativa dentro deste contexto, e vem sendo cada vez mais utilizada, aliada a características morfoanatômicas, para determinar a posição sistemática de gêneros, espécies e subespécies. Este trabalho teve por objetivo principal descrever os representantes do gênero Lithophyllum no meso e infralitoral do Sul do Brasil, com base em dados morfoanatômicos aliados a dados moleculares. As análises foram realizadas a partir de espécimes coletados em 5 pontos do litoral do Sul do Brasil. O estudo morfoanatômico foi realizado em microscópio óptico e microscópio eletrônico de varredura. Os estudos moleculares se basearam em sequências de DNA dos marcadores UPA, cox1 e SSU rDNA, sendo que para cada marcador foram geradas análises de Distância e Máxima Parcimônia, e para o último foram realizadas além destas, a análise bayesiana. Através de estudo morfoanatômico comparativo, foram identificadas duas entidades taxonômicas, Lithophyllum margaritae (Hariot) Heydrich, e Lithophyllum sp.1, e os dados moleculares corroboraram com a identificação dos referidos táxons. Os marcadores moleculares UPA e cox1 se mostraram eficientes na separação de entidades taxonômicas de um mesmo gênero, demonstrando serem estes marcadores adequados para utilização como "DNA barcoding". Os dados obtidos neste estudo representam um avanço na taxonomia das algas calcárias não articuladas no Brasil, que pela primeira vez baseou-se em características moleculares aliadas a características morfoanatômicas.
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Rush, Clifford Peter. "Purification and characterisation of vanadium-dependent haloperoxidase from Corallina officinalis". Thesis, University of Exeter, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357950.
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Borges, Vanessa Poletto. "Uma revisita à taxonomia de algas calcárias crostosas epífitas (Corallinophycidae, Rhodophyta)". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2014. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/128709.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Fungos, Algas e Plantas, Florianópolis, 2014.Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-05T20:15:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 328522.pdf: 2738107 bytes, checksum: 9f21f8b68a0f0a8694cbc8a277f6992c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
As algas calcárias apresentam características que tornam o grupo um dos mais difíceis de realizar um estudo taxonômico dentre as algas vermelhas. Devido sua ampla plasticidade fenotípica decorrente de suas adaptações aos diferentes ambientes em que vivem, a sua morfologia externa não pode ser utilizada como caractere taxonômico. As referências sobre algas calcárias epífitas em macroalgas não calcárias são extremamente raras. Diante da escassez de estudos com essas algas, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a biodiversidade ficológica das coralíneas crostosas epifíticas em diferentes algas hospedeiras através de técnicas apropriadas e avançadas para a descrição e identificação dos taxa. As coletas foram realizadas na região entre marés e no infralitoral superior, utilizando mergulho livre. Os táxons identificados contabilizam quatro no nível de espécie, e uma unidade taxonômica pertencente ao gênero Hidrolithon (Foslie) Foslie, do qual não foi possível a determinação de táxon específico por conta da ausência das características diagnósticas. Dentre os identificados destacaram-se as espécies epífitas em Sargassum sp., Vidalia sp. e Padina sp.: Pneophyllum fragile Kützing; Em Pterocladiella capilacea (S.G.Gmelin) Santelices & Hommersand: Titanoderma pustulatum (J.V.Lamouroux) e Melobesia membranacea (Esper) Lamouroux; e sobre Laurencia sp., M. rosanoffi (Foslie) Lemoine, sendo esta uma adição para a flora do Oceano Atlântico. Considerando a importância dessas algas no contexto atual de mudanças ambientais e acidificação dos oceanos, as adições para a flora local e para a biodiversidade marinha do Atlântico sul, preenche a lacuna que este referido grupo representava. Destaca-se ainda a necessidade de se intensificar os esforços de estudos taxonômicos do grupo utilizando ferramentas morfoanatômicas e moleculares em diferentes regiões e ambientes para que estas algas sejam finalmente descritas de maneira ampla e sistemática para o nosso litoral.
Abstract : Among the red algae, the calcareous algae have characteristics that make the group one of the most difficult on which to conduct a taxonomic study. Due to its wide phenotypic plasticity, a result of their adaptation to different environments in which they live, their external morphology cannot be used as a taxonomic character. The data for epiphytic coralline algae in non-calcareous macroalgae are extremely rare. Given the scarcity of studies with these group, this research aimed to assess the phycological biodiversity of crusty epiphytic coralline algae in different hosts through appropriate and advanced techniques for the description and identification of the taxa. The collections were made in the intertidal and upper subtidal using free diving. The taxa identified account four species, and one taxonomic unit belonging to the genus Hidrolithon (Foslie) Foslie, for which it was not possible to determine species due to the absence of diagnostic features. Among the taxa growing on Sargassum sp., Vidalia sp. and Padina sp were Pneophyllum fragile Kützing ; on Pterocladiella capilacea (SGGmelin) Santelices & Hommersand: Titanoderma pustulatum (JVLamouroux) and Melobesia membranacea (Esper) Lamouroux , and on Laurencia sp , the epiphytic M. rosanoffi (Foslie) Lemoine, being this last one an addition to the flora of the Atlantic Ocean. Considering the importance of these algae in the current context of environmental change and ocean acidification, the additions to the local flora and marine biodiversity of the Southern Atlantic fills the gap that this group represented. The importance reinforces the gap that this group represented. Another highlight is the need to intensify research efforts involving taxonomic group studies using morphological, anatomic and molecular tools in different regions and environments, and so this group can be finally describe along our coast.
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Karlinska-Batres, Klementyna [Verfasser], e Gert [Akademischer Betreuer] Wörheide. "Microbial diversity of coralline sponges / Klementyna Karlinska-Batres. Betreuer: Gert Wörheide". München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1067401628/34.
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Coupe, Elizabeth Eileen. "Refolding and truncation of a vanadium dependent bromoperoxidase form corallina officinalis". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.532023.
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Blake, C. "Use of fossil and modern coralline algae as a biogenic archive". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426957.
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Taubner, Isabelle. "Calcification and photosynthesis in montipora sp. (cnidaria) and corallina officinalis (rhodophyceae)". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2006. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1781.
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Over half of the world's calcification is carried out by algae or by organisms which harbour them, such as coccol ithoph ores, foraminiferans, coralline seaweeds and reef-building corals. Calcification acts as a sink for inorganic carbon and although rather little is known about the precise mechanisms of biological CaC03 formation, the process as a whole is thought to be under threat from atmosphericC02 rise. This study examined the response of a reef-building coral, Montipora digitata and a coralline seaweed, Corallina officinalis to the main factors which influence calcification, namely light, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), pH, nitrate and calcium. In contrast to the commonly held view, this study demonstrates that both photosynthesis and calcification were carbon limited in seawater. Since the degree of stimulation by DIC in the light was different for each process, and dark calcification also increased with added DIC, it is clear that photosynthesis and calcification are only loosely coupled. Simultaneous pH measurements were made on the surface of the epithelium and at the site of calcification in the coral Galaxea fascicularis using pH microelectrodes, and demonstrated for the first time that pH at the site of calcification is not a simple response to seawater pH. 2 In this study, nitrate inhibition of calcification was shown to be more powerful in the dark than in the light, indicating that daylength may be a more significant factor in coral biology than previously realised. The currently-accepted hypothesis that biological calcification rates are a simple function of seawater CaC03saturation state was tested experimentally. Results from both Corallina officinalis and Montipora digitata reveal that: a) calcification is far more responsive to changes in inorganic carbon than to calcium concentrations; and b) when [C03 2-] is kept constant, increases in [HC03-1 cause dramatic increases in calcification rates, even at reduced pH. All of these data suggest that calcification in M. digitata and C. officinalis is a strongly biologically controlled process, influenced principally by the seawater bicarbonate concentration and pH, but strongly mediated by light and combined nitrogen.
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Maneveldt, Gavin W. "A global revision of the nongeniculate coralling algal genere Porolithon Foslie (defunct) and Hydrolithon Foslie (Corallinales, Rhodophyta)". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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The purpose of this thesis was to provide a revision and characterization of the species of nongeniculate coralline algae previously ascribed to the now defunct genus Porolithonto provide a modern account of selected taxa from the genus Hydrolithon and descriptions of taxa found to conform the generic delimitation of Hydrolithon and to use a phenetic cluster analysis to determine the taxonomic relationships between the various taxa ascribed to the genera Polorithon and Hydrolithon.
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LaPointe, Elizabeth Anne. "An Ultra Structural Study of Sporogenesis, Vegatative Morphology, and Host-Parasite Interactions in Choreonema thuretii (Corallinales, Rhodophyta)". W&M ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626968.
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Toole, Geraldine. "Mechanical properties of the Chara corallina cell wall and lettuce cultivar tissues". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365029.
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Gallagher, Stephen C. "Structural and mechanistic studies of alkene monooxygenase from Nocardia corallina B-276". Thesis, University of Warwick, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265617.
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Foulston, Lucy. "Cloning and analysis of the microbisporicin lantibiotic gene cluster from Microbispora corallina". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2010. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/19438/.
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Teichert, Sebastian [Verfasser], e André [Akademischer Betreuer] Freiwald. "Rhodoliths (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) as a Biosedimentary System in Arctic Environments (Svalbard Archipelago, Norway) / Sebastian Teichert. Betreuer: André Freiwald". Erlangen : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1033029963/34.
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Jorissen, Hendrikje. "Comprendre l’association algue coralline – corail : des espèces clés aux médiateurs chimiques et microbiens". Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLP025.
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Les algues corallines encroûtantes (CCA) sont communément associées à des récifs sains et jouent un rôle important dans les systèmes benthiques en guidant la colonisation de nombreux organismes, comme les coraux. Cependant, la capacité des CCA à induire l’implantation des coraux ne fonctionne pas pour toutes les espèces de CCA. Les larves de coraux sélectionnent certaines espèces d’algues, ce qui pose la question des mécanismes sous-jacents. Malgré l’énorme variété d’espèces de CCA dans les récifs, on en sait peu sur leur diversité chimique et microbienne et sur le rôle écologique de ces deux composants pour le recrutement des coraux. Le chapitre 2 étudie la composition microbienne et chimique de 6 espèces de CCA sur les récifs coralliens de Moorea, et comment ces deux compartiments sont liés au succès d’implantation des larves d’Acropora cytherea. Les résultats ont révélé que le taux d’implantation était le plus élevé sur l’espèce cryptique Titanoderma prototypum. Alors que toutes les espèces de CCA avaient des empreintes métaboliques distinctes et contenaient une grande diversité métabolomique, la diversité et la richesse métabolomiques de T. prototypum étaient plus élevées que celles des autres espèces. T. prototypum hébergeait également une diversité bactérienne plus élevée, et contenait une plus grande abondance de bactéries susceptibles de produire des composés antibactériens. Ces bactéries pourraient inhiber les agents pathogènes des coraux, ce qui pourrait à son tour améliorer la survie des larves. Ainsi, le recrutement corallien est un processus complexe de communications biochimiques entre les CCA, leurs communautés de surface microbiennes associées et les larves de coraux. Malgré la large acceptation que certaines espèces de CCA influencent positivement le recrutement corallien, il n’y a pas de données expérimentales sur les effets des espèces de CCA sur la survie et la croissance post-implantation tardive des coraux. Le chapitre 3 teste l’impact de 4 espèces de CCA, de deux types d’habitats (exposés et subcryptiques), sur la survie et la croissance des recrues de Pocillopora. Les CCA ont eu un effet contrasté sur la survie des recrues coralliennes suivant l’habitat et de la taille des recrues. Dans les habitats subcryptiques, les CCA réduisaient la survie et/ou la croissance des recrues coralliennes via la compétition directe, tandis que, dans les habitats exposés, elles amélioraient le recrutement des coraux en atténuant la concurrence avec le gazon algal. Cette étude a démontré que toutes les espèces de CCA ne sont pas bénéfiques à la survie et à la croissance des recrues coralliennes et qu’il existe une variabilité considérable dans l’issue et le processus de compétition entre les CCA et les coraux. Chapitres 4 et 5 déterminent si deux facteurs de stress environnementaux, respectivement l’acidification des océans (AO) et l’hypoxie, affectent l’association corail-CCA en perturbant le comportement et l’implantation des larves des deux espèces de coraux (A. cythera et A. pulchra), ainsi que leur recrutement, sur une espèce de CCA appropriée. Les larves des deux espèces évitaient l’exploration et l’implantation dans des environnements à faible pH ou à oxygène réduit. Ces résultats indiquent que les zones à faible teneur en oxygène et pH peuvent influencer négativement le succès d’implantation des larves de coraux et que l’oxygène et le pH peuvent être des signaux chimiques pour l’orientation et l’implantation des larves de coraux. Cette thèse aide à mieux comprendre le rôle des CCA, des micro-organismes et des composés chimiques dans la dynamique à petite échelle du recrutement des coraux maintenant et dans les conditions océaniques futures. Les résultats soulignent que les interactions CCA-corail sont des processus complexes qui sont probablement médiés par des composés chimiques et microbiens et que ces interactions peuvent être affectées par des environnements changeantsCrustose coralline algae (CCA) are commonly associated with healthy reefs and play an important role in benthic systems by guiding settlement of many habitat forming or ecologically important organisms, including corals. However, the ability of CCA to induce coral settlement is not ubiquitous among CCA species. Corals exhibit settlement preferences for certain CCA species. These preferences demonstrate the capacity of coral larvae to discriminate among CCA species and raise the question of the mechanisms involved. Despite the enormous variety of CCA species on coral reefs, little is known about the diversity of their associated chemicals and microbes and the ecological role of these compartments, notably for coral recruitment. Chapter 2 of this thesis investigated the microbial and chemical composition of six CCA species, which occupy different ecological niches on the coral reefs of Moorea (French Polynesia), and how these two compartments (i.e., microbial and chemical) relate to successful settlement success of Acropora cytherea larvae. Results showed settlement was highest on the cryptic CCA species Titanoderma prototypum and that practically no larvae settled on exposed CCA species. While all CCA species had distinct metabolic fingerprints and contained high metabolic diversity, the metabolomic diversity and richness of T. prototypum were significantly higher than those of the other CCA species. T. prototypum also hosted a significantly higher bacterial diversity than the other CCA species, and contained a higher abundance of bacteria that potentially produce antibacterial compounds. The presence of these bacteria could inhibit coral pathogens, which in turn could enhance the survival of coral settlers. Thus, coral settlement is a complex process of biochemical communications between CCA, their associated microbial surface communities and coral larvae. Despite widespread acceptance that CCA positively influence coral recruitment success, there are no experimental data on the effects of CCA species on late post-settlement survival and growth of corals. Chapter 3 tested the impact of four CCA species from two habitats (exposed and subcryptic) on the survival and growth of Pocillopora recruits. CCA had a contrasting effect on the survival of coral recruits depending on habitat and recruit size. In subcryptic habitats, CCA can reduce the survival and/or growth of coral recruits via direct competitive overgrowth, while, in exposed habitats, they can enhance coral recruitment by alleviating competition with turf algae. Importantly, this study demonstrated that not all CCA species are beneficial to the survival and growth of coral recruits and that there is considerable variability in both the outcome and process of competition between CCA and corals. Chapter 4 and 5 focused on investigating whether two environmental stressors, ocean acidification (OA) and hypoxia, respectively, impact the coral-CCA association by disrupting larval settlement behavior and recruitment of two coral species (A. cytherea and A. pulchra) on an otherwise preferred and beneficial CCA species (T. prototypum). Larvae of both coral species avoided bottom exploration and settlement in low pH environments. They avoided bottom exploration in reduced oxygen environments and settled on T. prototypum fragments only in oxygen rich environments, with settlement rates increasing exponentially with oxygen concentrations. These results indicate that low oxygen and low pH areas can negatively influence coral settlement success and that oxygen and pH act as chemical cues for coral larval orientation and settlement. This thesis aids to better understand the role of CCA, micro-organisms and chemicals in the fine-scale dynamics of coral recruitment now and under future ocean conditions. It highlights that CCA-coral interactions are complex processes that are likely mediated by chemicals and microbes and these interactions can be affected by changing environments
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Woelkerling, William J. "Aquatic botanical studies : with special reference to the red algal families, Corallinaceae and Acrochaetiaceae /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1986. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SD/09sdw842.pdf.
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Wai, Tak-Cheung, e 韋德祥. "Herbivore-induced effects and persistence of non-geniculate coralline algae in low-shore rock pools". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31246023.
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O'Leary, Jennifer K. "Effects of fishing and trophic interactions on tropical reef builders : coralline, algae, and corals /". Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2009. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Guenther, Rebecca. "The effect of temperature and pH on the growth and biomechanics of coralline algae". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/58955.
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Climate change is progressing rapidly and is causing shifts in ecosystem function, species distributions, biodiversity, and abundances worldwide. In this thesis, I explore the physiological and biomechanical responses of red algae in multiple life history stages to climate change. In Chapter 1, I introduce the looming threat of climate change, and some of the forces driving ocean acidification. I introduce my study system and my study species: rocky intertidal ecosystems and articulated coralline algae. I also describe potential differences in responses to ocean acidification based on life history stage. Finally, I give an overview of my dissertation and objectives. In Chapter 2, I investigate the effect that ocean acidification may have on spore stages of red algae. Under reduced pH, I document a reduction in spore settlement of both Pterosiphonia bipinnata and Corallina vancouveriensis, and weakened spore attachment in C. vancouveriensis. Results demonstrate that ocean acidification can negatively impact macroalgal spore adhesion in both calcified and non-calcified algae, but in different phases of their spore adhesion process. In Chapter 3, I explore the effect of elevated pCO₂ and temperature on the growth, calcification, and material properties of two species of articulated coralline algae. I found that increased temperatures and reduced pH were found to negatively affect growth rates of these two species of coralline algae. On the other hand, increased temperature and reduced pH had little influence on the amount of calcium carbonate in the intergenicula, and also had minimal effects on the biomechanical properties. In Chapter 4, I explore the amount of natural variability of chemistry in tidepools and attempted to relate chemical differences to differences in Corallina vancouveriensis growth, calcification, and biomechanics. In general, I found that organisms within tidepools greatly alter the chemistry of the surrounding water, and these changes are larger in magnitude than what is predicted for global climate change. I also found that, despite extreme changes in chemistry during low tides, C. vancouveriensis was still able to grow all year long.Science, Faculty of
Botany, Department of
Graduate
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Guenther, Rebecca. "Physiological responses of two species of articulated coralline algae during a simulated tidal cycle". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/38148.
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Intertidal macroalgae endure stresses associated with submerged and emerged conditions on a daily basis. Differences in physiology at high tide, low tide, and during recovery underlie spatial separation of species along the shore. Tidepools provide refugia from physical stresses associated with the low tide, and species with low stress tolerance may be restricted to these habitats. Species that survive emergence employ physiological and morphological strategies to survive exposure to pseudo-terrestrial conditions. I explored how tidepool and non-tidepool macroalgae respond to and recover from intertidal stressors, such as light, temperature, and desiccation. I investigated whether differences in physiology could explain differences in habitat distributions.
To answer these questions, I explored the physiological responses of the coralline algae, Calliarthron tuberculosum (Postels and Ruprecht) E.Y. Dawson and Corallina vancouveriensis Yendo, to simulated tidal conditions. Calliarthron is restricted to tidepools, while Corallina can survive emersion during low tide.
First, I documented physiological differences between the two species at high tide. Corallina performed similar to a high light adapted plant, while Calliarthron’s performance resembled that of a low light adapted plant. Surprisingly, their pigment composition did not differ, suggesting that both species are able to harvest light similarly but that other metabolic processes are at play.
Second, I compared morphological and physiological strategies employed by Calliarthron and Corallina to resist stress during low tide. I found differences in the physiological responses of the two species to increased light and temperature, two chief stressors present in the tidepool microhabitat. Unlike Calliarthron, Corallina exhibited high tolerance to increasing water temperatures and was more effective at resisting desiccation via morphology. However, neither species photosynthesized in the air, regardless of hydration level.
Finally, I quantified recovery upon the return of the tide. Both species recovered from warm tidepool temperatures. However, only Corallina recovered from the combination of temperature and desiccation stress associated with emergence.
This study describes the variation in physiological performance of two intertidal macroalgal species during the tidal cycle, and documents several morphological and physiological strategies employed by species to survive stresses associated with low tide. Results help to explain the habitat differences between the two species.
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Gherardi, Douglas Francisco Marcolino. "Recent carbonate sedimentation on the coralline algal Atol das Rocas : equatorial South Atlantic, Brazil". Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339213.
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Eager, Rosemary. "Documenting the association between a non-geniculate coralline red alga and its molluscan host". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2380.
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Magister Scientiae (Biodiversity and Conservation Biology)To further investigate the strength of the association and the relative advantages of the association to both organisms, several manipulation experiments were set up. A cage experiment set up in the shallow subtidal zone showed that the coralline survived equally well without the winkle and did therefore not require the winkle or its empty shell for survival. A second controlled laboratory aquarium experiment was designed under both fluorescent (rich in blue light) and incandescent light (rich in red light) to ascertain whether the coralline had a preference for O. sinensis over the similar O. tigrina. This experiment was inconclusive as no recruitment was obtained under either of the light regimes. A third laboratory experiment was designed to determine whether the extra coralline weight had any possible advantage to the winkle, particularly against predation from the rock lobster Jasus lalandii. Results suggested that there were no apparent advantages to the winkle bearing the extra coralline load as adult O. sinensis bearing the coralline alga (3.7 ± 2.2 winkles 24hr-1) were equally prone to predation than those lacking the coralline (2.3 ± 1.9 winkles 24hr-1) (p = 0.184). Observations suggested instead that the convoluted nature of the coralline may indeed have promoted predation. We ultimately deduced that the high occurrence of the coralline on the shells of O. sinensis was probably due to the substantial overlap in the niches of the two organisms. This conclusion was supported by the high densities of juvenile O. sinensis combined with the high percent cover abundance of the coralline in intertidal rockpools. Understanding sexual reproduction in coralline algae as well as the life cycle of the winkle, ultimately provided insight into the postulated life cycle of this coralline-winkle association.
South Africa
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Van, der Merwe Elizabeth. "Systematics of the non-geniculate coralline red algae from the South African south coast". University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4818.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDThe aim of this study was to document the intertidal and shallow subtidal species of non-geniculate coralline red algae from the South Africa south coast. The main emphasis of the study are encompassed in four research chapters and one concluding chapter focusing on: 1) the documentation of the non-geniculate coralline red algae occurring along the South Africa south coast; 2) revisiting the Leptophytum-Phymatolithon complex in order to resolve the taxonomic status of species previously ascribed to the genus Leptophytum from South African; 3) starting to prepare modern monographic accounts of the higher taxa; and 4) the production of updated keys to all the currently recognised taxa of non-geniculate coralline algae for South Africa. Although nowhere near complete, here we present our findings and report on the current biodiversity status of the non-geniculate coralline red algae after a further four years of extensive sampling.
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Sillingardi, Maria Elena. "Coinvolgimento dei subacquei sportivi nel monitoraggio della biodiversità delle scogliere coralline del Mar Rosso". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/2128/.
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Lewis, Bonnie Emma. "Growth and Calcification of Reef-Building Coralline Algae and Their Response to Ocean Acidification". Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366854.
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Coralline algae play a central role in tropical reef ecology helping to build and stabilise the reef framework. Due to their high Mg-calcite skeleton, coralline algae are also one of the most sensitive marine calcifying organisms to ocean acidification, and potential indicators for assessing the impacts of climate change. However, despite their importance in reef ecology, basic information on coralline algae, such as their growth and calcification rates, are relatively unknown. The reason for this scarcity of information is, in part, due to the lack of effective and efficient methods for obtaining these rates in the field, and the slow growth of coralline algae necessitating lengthy studies. Therefore, the aims of this study were to establish more effective methods to determine in situ growth and calcification rates of coralline algae, to determine baseline growth and calcification rates of a key reef-building coralline algae species on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), and to investigate the effects future climate change scenarios may have on these growth rates.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Page, Tessa. "Understanding the Molecular and Physiological Responses of Tropical Coralline Algae to a Changing Ocean". Thesis, Griffith University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/406520.
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Coral reefs are amongst the most biologically diverse ecosystems on our planet, supporting the livelihoods of millions of people globally. Despite their economic and ecological importance, human-driven global change is posing a major threat to the integrity of coral reefs worldwide. Ocean warming (OW) and ocean acidification (OA), both brought on by increased atmospheric CO2, are adversely affecting coral reefs and the organisms that inhabit them, particularly those organisms that calcify. Crustose coralline algae (CCA) are calcifying red macroalgae that provide essential ecosystem functions to coral reefs worldwide. CCA help to build and stabilise the coral reef framework and contribute to reef resilience and recovery by inducing the settlement of coral larvae to the reef. Previous research has shown CCA to be vulnerable to OW and OA, with resulting changes to their physiology and biology (i.e., reductions in calcification, abundance, survival). However, research on CCA lags behind other coral reef organisms, particularly in terms of their acclimatisation potential and knowledge of molecular, cellular, and metabolic processes. Given the known vulnerability of CCA, urgent research is required to understand how CCA will respond across molecular and physiological levels to global change drivers and this could directly aid in reef restoration efforts.
The first data chapter of my thesis (Chapter 2) provides previously missing molecular information for CCA. De novo transcriptomes were compiled for four species, Porolithon cf. onkodes, Sporolithon cf. durum, Lithophyllum cf. insipidum, and Lithothamnion proliferum, that commonly occur in Australia’s Great Barrier Reef (GBR). Analyses of orthologous genes were conducted between CCA species and two noncalcifiying red algae, Chondrus crispus and Gracilariopsis chorda. Functional enrichment analysis of CCA orthologous proteins revealed a higher-than-expected number of sequences in categories relating to regulation of biological and cellular processes, such as actin related proteins, heat shock proteins, and adhesion proteins. This study allowed me to create reference transcriptomes that can be used in future studies investigating molecular responses of CCA to OW and OA and offered insight into the evolution of coralline algae.
In Chapter 3 I investigated the differential physiological and transcriptomic responses of two species of CCA, P. cf. onkodes and S. cf. durum, to global change drivers (OW and OA). Previous literature investigating the responses of CCA species to global change drivers found variable results and these have been largely speciesspecific. The two species used in this study have been documented to have contrasting responses to OW and OA. Species-specific responses were seen in both the metabolic rate measurements and in the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) detected, indicating resilience in one species and not in the other. This study was also the first to reveal pathways and proteins that are differentially regulated in response to global change drivers. This work will help to predict the fate and functioning of different CCA species in future ocean conditions.
Early life history stages of organisms are thought to be more impacted by climatic stressors than their adult stages, therefore, I investigated the responses across different life history stages of the CCA species S. cf. durum to varying levels of temperature and pCO2 (Chapter 4). In this study, I used adults and germlings of their first generation (F1). The findings suggest that adult stages of S. cf. durum are largely robust to end of century levels of temperature and pH, in terms of their survival and metabolic rates, and indicate that adult stages may be able to acclimatise to global change. On the other hand, the data show early life history stages of this species are highly sensitive to global change stressors with reductions in their survival and growth. This could impact the persistence of this species in future oceans.
How an acclimation history to predicted, future levels of temperature and/or pH affects the physiological responses to chronic and acute thermal stress was investigated in the last chapter of my thesis (Chapter 5). P. cf. onkodes was acclimated to chronic, varying levels of temperature and pH for 6 weeks and then subjected to an acute, increasing temperature experiment (+ 4 – 6 ºC). The findings from this study suggest that an acclimation history to elevated temperature will reduce the thermal tolerance of P. cf. onkodes to withstand anomalous temperature events, which are projected to increase in number and severity within this century.
Overall, the findings of the work described in this thesis have: 1) Made available the first comprehensive and annotated de novo transcriptomes for any species of CCA; 2) shown that physiological and transcriptomic response to global change drivers is species specific, with some CCA being more resilient and others not, and identified proteins relating to physiological processes that are differentially expressed in response to stress; 3) supported the hypothesis that early life history stages of CCA will be more impacted by global change drivers than adults of the same species, with possible plasticity being seen in adults in response to sustained exposure to stress; and 4) determined an acclimation history of elevated temperature will reduce thermal tolerance and productivity in CCA. My thesis also provides evidence that more anciently diverged genera (e.g., Sporolithon) are physiologically more robust and molecularly less responsive to global change drivers. My thesis demonstrates the strength of incorporating molecular, life history stage, and acclimation type approaches to more holistically understand the future of a critical group of reef-building organisms under global climate change and will ultimately contribute to conservation efforts that are currently being made into saving coral reefs worldwide.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environment and Sc
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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BURGOS, Douglas Correia. "Composição e estrutura das comunidades de macroalgas do infralitoral do Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha, Pernambuco - Brasil, com ênfase nas calcárias incrustantes". Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2011. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/4790.
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A good interpretation about the components and the origin of the Brazilian flora requires fundamentally that this knowledge is also based on the survey of algae from oceanic islands and subtidal zone. The little information about the flora from oceanic islands is an issue of concern considering the fragility of algal communities on these ecosystems due to their limited area and distance from the continent. Another aspect still to be understood about the subtidal zone is related to the qualitative analyses of the incrusting coralline algae. Two expeditions were made and 19 sampling sites on the subtidal zone were selected based on the diving maps of the archipelago, among which 13 sites on the protected side and 6 sites on the exposed side. At each site, sampling was performed at different isobaths (0 to 28 meters). The first manuscript describes the survey on the incrusting coralline algae diversity that colonises the subtidal region of the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, presenting descriptions of three species: Sporolithon episporum (M. Howe) E.Y. Dawson (Sporolithaceae), Mesophyllum erubescens (Foslie) Me Lemoine (Hapalidiaceae) and Lithophyllum stictaeforme (Areschoung in J. Agardh) Hauck (Corallinaceae). The second presents an evaluation of the structure and composition of the subtidal communities, where 48 species are registered, including ten new additions for the Brasilian oceanic islands. Phaeophyceae presented the highest visual cover while Rhodophyta presented the smallest, 44% and 0.4% respectively. The studied area may be altered due to natural disturbance, probably caused by herbivory.
Para uma melhor interpretação sobre os componentes e a origem da flora brasileira, é de fundamental importância que este conhecimento esteja baseado, também, no inventário das algas das ilhas oceânicas e da região de infralitoral. A pouca informação sobre a flora das ilhas oceânicas brasileiras é um fato preocupante tendo em vista a fragilidade das comunidades algais nesses ecossistemas, devido à área restrita desses ambientes e a distância entre a ilha e o continente. Outro aspecto a ser conhecido em relação ao infralitoral diz respeito à análise qualitativa das algas calcárias incrustantes. Foram realizadas duas excursões para coleta de material e delimitados 19 pontos de coletas no infralitoral, com base nos mapas de mergulho do arquipélago, dos quais 13 pontos no mar de dentro e 6 pontos no mar de fora. Para cada ponto foram realizadas coletas em diferentes isóbatas (0 a 28 metros). O primeiro manuscrito trata do levantamento da diversidade das algas calcárias não articuladas que colonizam o infralitoral do Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha onde são apresentadas descrições de três espécies: Sporolithon episporum (M. Howe) E.Y. Dawson (Sporolithaceae), Mesophyllum erubescens (Foslie) Me Lemoine (Hapalidiaceae) e Lithophyllum stictaeforme (Areschoung in J. Agardh) Hauck (Corallinaceae). O segundo manuscrito apresenta uma avaliação da estrutura e composição das comunidades do infralitoral, onde são registradas 48 espécies, sendo dez novas adições para as ilhas oceânicas brasileira. A categoria Phaeophyceae teve a maior cobertura visual e as Rhodophyta a menor com 44% e 0,4% respectivamente. A área estudada pode estar alterada devido a distúrbios naturais apresentados provavelmente pela herbivoria.
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Itoh, Nobuya. "STUDIES ON THE HALOGENATION REACTIONS CATALYZED BY THE HALOPEROXIDASES FROM CALDARIOMYCES FUMAGO AND CORALLINA PILULIFERA". Kyoto University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/78187.
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Bailey, Jeffrey Craig. "Cytophotometric Estimation of Nuclear DNA Content Variation in Ten Species of Geniculate Coralline Algae (Corallinaceae, Rhodophyta)". W&M ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625729.
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Bussell, James Alexander. "Biodiversity of the invertebrate community associated with the turf-forming red alga Corallina officinalis in tide pools". Thesis, Bangor University, 2003. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/biodiversity-of-the-invertebrate-community-associated-with-the-turfforming-red-alga-corallina-officinalis-in-tide-pools(1d7050da-ef40-41c5-9587-c7151a1e12f5).html.
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The invertebrate communities associated with the turf-forming red alga Corallina officinalis were investigated in tide pools on rocky shores of the coasts of England, Ireland and Wales. A total of 212 different taxa, including representatives from 14 phyla, were identified. There was significant small scale (between pools and within pools) variability and large scale variability (regional, between shores) in the diversity and community patterns of invertebrates associated with Corallina turf. These patterns were often not consistent between different shores and at different times. For example, greater numbers of species were found amongst Corallina turf from shallow depth in tide pools in winter than in summer. At regional scales, differences in the community pattern are correlated with temperature, though overall differences appear to be driven by a complex and interacting arrangement of biotic and abiotic factors such as habitat complexity and the hydrodynamic regime of the area. These patterns are also found when working at taxonomic levels other than species. Distinct temporal variation in the community was observed that followed a seasonal cyclic template. The observed temporal pattern is produced primarily by the behavioural adaptations and life history characteristics of the associated invertebrates. Assemblages associated with the tide pools frequently contained invertebrates that are small in size, produce few juveniles and have a tendency to brood their offspring or reproduce without a pelagic larval stage. These characteristics result in a clearly distinct community associated within Corallina turf on the coasts of the UK and Ireland. Patterns of the invertebrates associated with Corallina turf make an important contribution to our understanding of marine biodiversity. By examining such patterns in similar habitats at similar scales it is possible to make decisions concerning the conservation of the inshore marine environment.
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Muñoz, Pamela Tamara Muñoz. "Efeitos das variações de PH, temperatura e nutrientes na ecofisiologia de Lithothamnion crspatum Hauck (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) e Sonderophycus capensis (Montagne) M.J. Wynne (Peyssonneliales, Rhodophyta)". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2013. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/122886.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Fungos, Algas e Plantas, Florianópolis, 2013.Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-06T17:30:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 325446.pdf: 684303 bytes, checksum: ab01ccbcf675bbc6ce4f24a00199f5db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
No presente trabalho se avaliou a interação das variações do pH, temperatura e nutrientes a partir de níveis locais atuais destes fatores, no desempenho fisiológico de duas espécies de algas calcárias com diferenças de distribuição e afinidades ecofisiológicas. Sonderophycus capensis é uma espécie típica de ambientes temperados frios, enquanto que Lithothamnion crispatum é uma espécie de ambientes tropicais. A partir de experimentos feitos em microcosmo, a temperatura se mostrou o principal fator que levou às alterações da fisiologia dessas algas. As taxas de transporte de elétrons (ETR) diminuíram drasticamente nos tratamentos que se encontravam em elevada temperatura nas duas espécies. Adicionalmente, no tratamento que se encontrava em temperatura elevada, o baixo pH (7,2) manteve a ETR constante, atuando o pH de forma aditiva e antagônica com a temperatura. Com relação à calcificação, o pH baixo (7,2)/injeção de CO2 atuou de forma aditiva, estimulando a descalcificação na mesma forma nas duas espécies. Por outro lado, a elevada temperatura beneficiou a calcificação, chegando até 51% de calcificação em condições de pH controle. A interação também foi observada entre a temperatura e o pH, beneficiando levemente a calcificação. Em outro sentido, foram tomada amostras de água e analisadas, com o fim de observar se existiam mudanças nas espécies de carbonato. Desta forma, a concentração do íon carbonato (CO3 -2) foi menor nos tratamentos com baixo pH, assim como também as saturações de calcita e aragonita. Na maior parte das análises feitas nas duas espécies, os fatores mais importantes foram temperatura e pH, atuando de forma aditiva ou sinérgica. Por sua vez, os nutrientes não tiveram grande influencia na fisiologia. Apesar das diferenças na distribuição das duas espécies, não se observaram grandes diferenças nas respostas fisiológicas delas ao ser submetidas a variações de temperatura, pH e nutrientes. Em futuros experimentos, a aplicação dos fatores já mencionados por maiores períodos de tempo poderia contribuir para entender de melhor forma as implicâncias na ecofisiologia das espécies calcificadas.
Abstract : In the present work it is evaluated the interaction effect of changes in pH, temperature and nutrients with current local levels each one of factors on the physiological performance of two species of calcareous algae with differences of distribution and eco physiological affinities. Sonderophycus capensis represents a group of species typical of temperate cold environments, whereas Lithothamnion crispatum are species typical of tropical environments. From the analysis in microcosm, the temperature was seen to be main factor driving the alterations on the physiology of both models. ETR quickly decreased when it was in high temperature. Furthermore, a low pH (7,2) also acted in an additive and antagonistic way, increasing the ETR in the treatments at elevated temperature. Concerning the calcification, the injection of CO2 and the low pH modified the calcification percentages, being lower in those treatments kept at low pH in both species. Nevertheless, the temperature favored calcification, being up to 51% higher in pH controlled conditions. Interaction on the calcification was also observed between temperature and pH, slightly increasing the calcification at elevated temperatures. The effects of decreasing pH were also observed on the chemistry of water. For it, the concentration of carbonate ions (CO3-2) was lower in those treatments at low pH. The saturation values of calcite and aragonite were also lower at low pH. In most of the analyses for both species the main driving factors were the temperature and the pH, acting in a synergetic or additive way in most of the cases. Nutrients did not have a big influence on the physiology. In spite of the differences on distribution of both species, no differences in physiological response were observed under the applied stresses. Future experiments conducted for longer periods of time could aid to better understand the eco physiological implicancies on these calcareous species.
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Ordoñez, Alvarez Alexandra. "Effects of Ocean Acidification on the Supply-Side Ecology of Crustose Coralline Algae in the Great Barrier Reef". Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367508.
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Ocean acidification (OA) and warming are both threats to the physiological and demographic processes of crustose coralline algae (CCA). This group of algae is one of the most abundant in tropical and temperate reefs where they play essential roles including reef building and induction of invertebrate settlement. Despite their importance, little is known about the effects of OA on early stages of CCA and on population and community dynamics. In addition, CCA are widely distributed around the world and are especially abundant in coral reef ecosystems. They can occupy different habitats due to their variation in life history characteristics. However, there is a gap in the knowledge about their temporal variation (in adult and recruits) and demographic relationships among reproduction, recruitment and adult abundance. Therefore, this PhD thesis aimed to assess the supply-side ecology of crustose coralline algae in the reef and their responses to future anthropogenic impacts.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Bueno, Marília 1982. "Caracterização de microhabitats formados por algas calcáreas e sua utilização pelos anfípodes em costões rochosos do litoral norte de São Paulo". [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315912.
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Orientador: Fosca Pedini Pereira LeiteTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Algas calcáreas articuladas estão presentes em costões rochosos ao redor do mundo e formam densos tapetes, os quais abrigam uma fauna muito rica de invertebrados. Dentre eles, os anfípodes são dominantes e sua associação com estas algas foi investigada. Inicialmente foi feita a caracterização do habitat. A biomassa das algas e a abundância total dos anfípodes não diferiram entre as estações do ano, já a composição de espécies de anfípodes apresentou variação, a qual foi atribuída principalmente ao padrão de ocorrência de duas espécies de hialídeos, Apohyale media e Hyale niger, que são dominantes nas algas calcáreas. A biomassa das algas também não variou conforme exposição à ação de ondas. Diferenças na abundância total dos animais foram observadas, sendo encontrados mais animais nos costões mais expostos às ondas. Neste tópico, os tanaidáceos foram incluídos e apenas duas espécies foram encontradas, cada uma associada à um grau de exposição à ação de ondas. Leptochelia aff. dubia foi encontrada apenas nos costões abrigados, enquanto Zeuxo coralensis apenas em costões expostos. Os tapetes de algas coralinas são verticalmente extensos a ponto de terem características físicas (quantidade de sedimento e tamanho de grãos) e biológicas (abundância e composição de espécies de anfípodes) distintas entre as zonas superior e inferior do mesmo tapete. Após a caracterização do habitat, sua utilização pelos anfípodes foi examinada com relação à estrutura (arquitetura) das algas, a altura de ocorrência das algas no costão rochoso e o papel do sedimento na seleção deste habitat. O volume intersticial foi extremamente variável dentre as cinco algas estudadas entretanto, para todas as algas, quanto maior o volume intersticial, maior a abundância dos anfípodes. O habitat formado pelas coralinas, independente da altura no costão, parece ser o fator mais importante na seleção pelos anfípodes. Com relação ao sedimento, sua retenção nos tapetes de algas não se mostrou sazonal e não foi observada relação com a abundância dos anfípodes. Os experimentos de laboratório corroboraram o padrão observado em campo e não indicaram um importante efeito da adição do sedimento na seleção de habitat pelos hialídeos. A malha intrincada formada pelas frondes das algas calcáreas permite a retenção, além do sedimento e da matéria orgânica associada à ele, de diferentes tipos de alimento como microalgas e componentes da meiofauna. Essa gama de itens alimentares pode ser importante na seleção deste local pelos anfípodes, já que a alimentação da alga em si não ocorre, e explicaria a grande variedade de hábitos alimentares apresentados pelos anfípodes associados. A seleção do habitat de coralinas pode também estar relacionada à proteção contra a dessecação, já que retenção de água entre as frondes mantém o ambiente úmido nos períodos de emersão
Abstract: Articulated calcareous algae are distributed on rocky shores worldwide forming dense mats and harboring rich invertebrate assemblages. Amphipods are dominants and their association with coralline algae was investigated. First, the habitat characterization was done. Algae biomass and amphipods abundance did not differ among seasons, but species composition showed a variable pattern mainly in response to occurrence patterns of the dominant hyalids Apohyale media and Hyale niger. Algae biomass did not vary between degrees of wave exposure, however, more amphipods were found at exposed shores. Tanaids were included and an interesting spatial segregation was observed. Only two species were found, each one associated to a degree of wave exposure. Leptochelia aff. dubia was found at sheltered shores, while Zeuxo coralensis at exposed shores. Coralline mats are wide enough to have distinguished upper and lower zones based on physical (amount of sediment and grain size) and biological (amphipods abundance and species composition) features. After characterizing the habitat, its usage by the amphipods was examined through algae structure (architecture), height on shore and the effect of sediment loads on habitat selection. Interstitial volume was highly variable among the five algae studied and a strong positive relation between interstitial volume and amphipods abundance was observed. Coralline habitat, regardless of the height on shore, was probably the main factor governing habitat selection. Sediment retention at coralline mats was not seasonal and no relation with the amphipods was found. Laboratory experiments corroborate the observed field patterns and added sediment had no effect on habitat selection by the hyalids. The intricate canopy of coralline algae allowed retention, not only of sediment and organic matter, but also of microalgae and meiofauna. This wide array of food items may be important for coralline habitat selection by the amphipods, since they do not feed on coralline itself. In this case, coralline could be an important source of food, allowing the coexistence of amphipods having different feeding habits. Water retention may also play an important role, since habitats are maintained humid during emersion periods
Doutorado
Ecologia
Doutora em Ecologia
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Vieira-Pinto, Talita. "Diversidade das algas calcárias crostosas do Brasil baseada em marcadores moleculares e morfologia". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41132/tde-12122016-122033/.
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As algas calcárias crostosas ou CCA (do inglês Crustose Coralline Algae) têm como principal característica a impregnação de carbonato de cálcio em suas paredes celulares. Este grupo é formado atualmente por três ordens, Corallinales, Hapalidiales e Sporolithales, cuja taxonomia é historicamente problemática por se basear na fase tetrasporofítica, fundamental para qualquer identificação até mesmo em nível de ordem. Em virtude disso, diversos estudos, principalmente nos últimos 10 anos, têm incluído ferramentas moleculares como auxílio à taxonomia morfoanatômica deste grupo. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a diversidade e a distribuição das CCA ao longo da costa Brasileira, através de dados moleculares e morfoanatômicos. Para isso, foram utilizados quatro marcadores moleculares, UPA, rbcL-3P, COI-5P e psbA, aliados à imagens de microscopia óptica e microscopia eletrônica de varredura, que resultaram na identificação de pelo menos 37 espécies entre Corallinales, Hapalidiales e Sporolithales. Os resultados obtidos a partir das análises de agrupamento dos quatro marcadores demonstraram que as ordens Corallinales e Sporolithales são monofiléticas, e Hapalidiales constitui um grupo não-monofilético (com exceção do marcador psbA, que resolveu a ordem como grupo monofilético). Os resultados também revelaram existência de uma grande diversidade de espécies e gêneros destas ordens no Brasil, além de espécies novas e ao menos um potencial gênero novo para ciência. O estudo também revelou relações filogeográficas entre espécies do Brasil e do Golfo do México e do Indo-Pacífico. Considerando as três ordens de CCA (Corallinales, Hapalidiales e Sporolithales), este estudo representa a primeira tentativa de desvendar de forma mais ampla a diversidade de espécies CCA encontradas ao longo da costa brasileira, utilizando dados molecularesThe Crustose Coralline Algae (CCA) has as a main distinguishing characteristic the calcium carbonate impregnation in their cell walls. This group currently encompasses three orders, the Corallinales, Hapalidiales and Sporolithales, whose taxonomy is historically problematic because it is based on the tetrasporophytic phase, fundamental to any classification, even at the ordinal level. Therefore, many studies, especially in the last 10 years, have included molecular tools to assist the morphological taxonomy of this group. This study aims to investigate the diversity and distribution of the CCA along the Brazilian coast, through molecular and morphoanatomical data. In order to achieve this aim, four markers were used, UPA, rbcL-3P, COI-5P and psbA, allied to light and scanning electron microscopy, that resulted in the identification of at least 37 species between Corallinales, Hapalidiales and Sporolithales. The results of the cluster analyses of the four markers showed that Corallinales and Sporolithales are monophyletic, and Hapalidiales comprises a non-monophyletic group (with the exception of psbA, which resolved the order as a monophyly). Our results also revealed a great diversity of species and genera of these three orders in Brazil, as well as putative new species and at least a new genus. This study also revealed phylogeographic relationships between Brazilian species and species from Gulf of Mexico and from Indo-Pacific oceans. Considering all the three orders of CCA, this study represents the first broad attempt and effort to unveil the diversity of CCA species found on the Brazilian coast using molecular data