Artigos de revistas: "Cooking England North Yorkshire"

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Simmons, I. G., e J. B. Innes. "Prehistoric Charcoal in Peat Profiles at North Gill, North Yorkshire Moors, England". Journal of Archaeological Science 23, n.º 2 (março de 1996): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jasc.1996.0017.

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Simmons, I. G., e J. B. Innes. "An Episode of Prehistoric Canopy Manipulation at North Gill, North Yorkshire, England". Journal of Archaeological Science 23, n.º 3 (maio de 1996): 337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jasc.1996.0031.

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Wattis, Louise. "Revisiting the Yorkshire Ripper Murders". Feminist Criminology 12, n.º 1 (24 de julho de 2016): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557085115602960.

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Between 1975 and 1980, 13 women, 7 of whom were sex workers, were murdered in the North of England. Aside from the femicide itself, the case was infamous for police failings, misogyny, and victim blaming. The article begins with a discussion of the serial murder of women as a gendered structural phenomenon within the wider context of violence, gender, and arbitrary justice. In support of this, the article revisits the above case to interrogate police reform in England and Wales in the wake of the murders, arguing that despite procedural reform, gendered cultural practices continue to shape justice outcomes for victims of gender violence. In addition, changes to prostitution policy are assessed to highlight how the historical and ongoing Othering and criminalization of street sex workers perpetuates the victimization of this marginalized group of women.

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MORGANS, HELEN S. "Lower and middle Jurassic woods of the Cleveland Basin (North Yorkshire), England". Palaeontology 42, n.º 2 (abril de 1999): 303–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-4983.00075.

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NASH, DAVID J. "GROUNDWATER SAPPING AND VALLEY DEVELOPMENT IN THE HACKNESS HILLS, NORTH YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND". Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 21, n.º 9 (setembro de 1996): 781–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9837(199609)21:9<781::aid-esp616>3.0.co;2-o.

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Biller, Peter. "William of Newburgh and the Cathar Mission to England". Studies in Church History. Subsidia 12 (1999): 11–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143045900002428.

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Born at Bridlington in 1136, William of Newburgh was educated at Newburgh, an Augustinian priory a few miles north of York, where he became a canon. William probably lived at Newburgh for the rest of his life, for the only instance of him travelling outside Yorkshire is one visit he paid to Fínchale. He died between summer 1199 and autumn 1201, leaving three extant writings. This outline of his life is based on John Gorman’s introduction to the only writing by William which has received a modern critical edition, his commentary on the Song of Songs. William’s other writings are sermons, and the Historia rerum Anglicarum (hereafter History). Yorkshire Cistercian patronage envelopes two of the works. The commentary on the Song of Songs is dedicated to Roger, Abbot of Byland, while the History is prefaced by a dedicatory letter to Ernald, Abbot of Rievaulx (1189-99), which states that Ernald had requested the work.

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Vyner, B. E. "The territory of ritual: cross-ridge boundaries and the prehistoric landscape of the Cleveland Hills, northeast England". Antiquity 68, n.º 258 (março de 1994): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00046160.

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On the North Yorkshire Moors, in northeast England, is a series of linear boundaries which are characteristically placed across upland spurs and promontories. Survey and excavation suggest that these boundaries operated in conjunction with natural features to define areas of the prehistoric landscape which may have been concerned with ritual during the final Neolithic and Early Bronze Age.

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Benfield, A. C., e G. Warrington. "New records of the Westbury Formation (Penarth Group, Rhaetian) in North Yorkshire, England". Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 47, n.º 1 (setembro de 1988): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/pygs.47.1.29.

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STRONG, G. E., J. R. A. GILES e V. P. WRIGHT. "A Holocene calcrete from North Yorkshire, England: implications for interpreting palaeoclimates using calcretes". Sedimentology 39, n.º 2 (abril de 1992): 333–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1992.tb01042.x.

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Bell, F. G. "The Speeton Clay of North Yorkshire, England: An investigation of its geotechnical properties". Engineering Geology 36, n.º 3-4 (abril de 1994): 257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-7952(94)90007-8.

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Kirkus, M. Gregory. "The Presence of The Mary Ward Institute in Yorkshire 1642–1648". Recusant History 25, n.º 3 (maio de 2001): 434–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034193200030296.

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Although the Institute of Mary Ward made no stable foundation in the north of England until the founding of the Bar Convent in 1686, recusant history testifies to a fairly constant presence of its members in Yorkshire in the period 1642 to 1686. It is the purpose of this paper to identity these members, to describe where possible their place of residence and to explain why they were there.

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AWOFISAYO-OKUYELU, A., N. ARUNACHALAM, T. DALLMAN, K. A. GRANT, H. AIRD, J. McLAUCHLIN, A. PAINSET e C. AMAR. "An Outbreak of Human Listeriosis in England between 2010 and 2012 Associated with the Consumption of Pork Pies". Journal of Food Protection 79, n.º 5 (1 de maio de 2016): 732–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-456.

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ABSTRACTAn outbreak of listeriosis in England affecting 14 people between 2010 and 2012 and linked to the consumption of pork pies was investigated. All 14 individuals were older than 55 years, 12 were men, and 10 reported the presence of an underlying condition. All were resident in or had visited either of two English regions and were infected with the same strain of Listeria monocytogenes. In interviews with 12 patients, 9 reported eating pork pies, and individuals that consumed pork pies were significantly more likely to be infected with an outbreak strain than were individuals with sporadic cases of listeriosis infections in England from 2010 to 2012. Pork pies were purchased from seven retailers in South Yorkshire or the East Midlands, and the outbreak strain was recovered from pork pies supplied by only the producer in South Yorkshire. The outbreak strain was also recovered from samples of finished product and from environmental samples collected from the manufacturer. The likely source of contamination was environmental sites within the manufacturing environment, and the contamination was associated with the process of adding gelatin to the pies after cooking. Inadequate temperature control and poor hygienic practices at one of the retailers were also identified as possible contributory factors allowing growth of the pathogen. Following improvements in manufacturing practices and implementation of additional control measures at the retailers' premises, L. monocytogenes was not recovered from subsequent food and environmental samples, and the outbreak strain was not detected in further individuals with listeriosis in England.

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Ashraf Jamal. "SIX ASIDES ON ART & LIES". Thinker 82, n.º 4 (1 de outubro de 2019): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/thethinker.v82i4.376.

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It was a brisk afternoon in a valley in Yorkshire in the north of England when my art teacher, Mr Waddington, standing beside me seated at my easel, first introduced me to Charles Darwin’s phrase, ‘cryptic colouration’ – an organism’s ability to blend into its surroundings. The phrase has stuck with me, spurring a long-standing interest in mimicry – the relationship between survivaland calculated obscurity.

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Weightman, Nigel C., Michael R. D. Barnham e Laura Hartley. "Speciation of clinical isolates of group C haemolytic streptococci harvested in North Yorkshire, England". International Congress Series 1289 (abril de 2006): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ics.2005.09.052.

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Akehurst, Ann-Marie. "Wandesford Hospital, York: Colonel Moyser and the Yorkshire Burlington Group". Architectural History 51 (2008): 111–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066622x0000304x.

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Richard Boyle, third Earl of Burlington (1694–1753), was a Yorkshireman, and his role in the north of England was significant, both as a designer and as an authoritative arbiter of taste. His position as Lord Lieutenant of both East and West Ridings of Yorkshire paralleled his land holdings at Londesborough near Beverley, the location of his family seat, and at Bolton Abbey, in Wharfedale. Significantly, his acceptance of a commission to supply the Corporation of the City of York, the social capital of the north, with a design for the new Assembly Rooms resulted in one of his most radical works. Burlington’s authorship of the Assembly Rooms is established, but less well known is how he also worked collaboratively in the county, alongside a group of craftsmen and gentlemen amateurs. One of these collaborators, James Moyser, can now be shown to have been responsible for the execution of Wandesford Hospital in York (Fig. 1).

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Udosen, N. Inyang, e N. Jimmy George. "Characterization of electrical anisotropy in North Yorkshire, England using square arrays and electrical resistivity tomography". Geomechanics and Geophysics for Geo-Energy and Geo-Resources 4, n.º 3 (5 de julho de 2018): 215–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40948-018-0087-5.

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Wheeler, Dennis. "Regional weather and climates of the British Isles - Part 4: North East England and Yorkshire". Weather 68, n.º 7 (27 de junho de 2013): 184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wea.2081.

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Griffiths, Seren, Robert Johnston, Rowan May, David McOmish, Peter Marshall, Jonathan Last e Alex Bayliss. "Dividing the Land: Time and Land Division in the English North Midlands and Yorkshire". European Journal of Archaeology 25, n.º 2 (13 de outubro de 2021): 216–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2021.48.

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Land divisions are ubiquitous features of the British countryside. Field boundaries, enclosures, pit alignments, and other forms of land division have been used to shape and delineate the landscape over thousands of years. While these divisions are critical for understanding economies and subsistence, the organization of tenure and property, social structure and identity, and their histories of use have remained unclear. Here, the authors present the first robust, Bayesian statistical chronology for land division over three millennia within a study region in England. Their innovative approach to investigating long-term change demonstrates the unexpected scale of later ‘prehistoric’ land demarcation, which may correspond to the beginnings of increasing social hierarchy.

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Iuorio, Ornella, Andrew Wallace e Kate Simpson. "Prefabs in the North of England: Technological, Environmental and Social Innovations". Sustainability 11, n.º 14 (17 de julho de 2019): 3884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11143884.

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Advances in digital technology have inaugurated a ‘fourth industrial revolution’, enabling, inter alia, the growth of ‘offsite’ housing construction in advanced economies. This productive transformation seems to be opening up new opportunities for styles of living, ownership, place-making and manufacturing that are more sustainable, democratic and bespoke. However, the full potential of this transformation is not yet clear nor how it will interact with—in the UK context—ongoing crises in housing provision rooted in an increasingly financialised and critically unbalanced national economy, timid state housing policies and a longstanding cultural preoccupation with mortgaged ‘bricks and mortar’ housing. In this paper, we report on an ongoing mixed method project interrogating the technological, environmental and social implications of the emergence of offsite housing construction in the UK. To a degree, we situate this interrogation in the Northern English region of Yorkshire, an emerging focal point of the growing offsite construction industry in the UK but an area afflicted by entrenched, post-industrial economic imbalances. The results show that offsite house engineers, designers and builders are innovatively embracing digital methods, a low carbon agenda and new approaches to place-making but that they have had little role, so far, in resolving the deeper structural problems affecting housing production in the UK, bringing the sustainability of their innovation into question.

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Mitchell, S. F. "Lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy of the Hunstanton Formation (Red Chalk, Cretaceous) succession at Speeton, North Yorkshire, England". Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 50, n.º 4 (dezembro de 1995): 285–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/pygs.50.4.285.

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Hallas, C. S. "Poverty and pragmatism in the northern uplands of England: The North Yorkshire Pennines c.1770-1900". Social History 25, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2000): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/030710200363276.

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Groves, S., C. Roberts, C. Johnstone, R. Hall e K. Dobney. "A high status burial from Ripon Cathedral, North Yorkshire, England: differential diagnosis of a chest deformity". International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 13, n.º 6 (2003): 358–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oa.696.

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Booth, Alan. "The United Englishmen and Radical Politics in the Industrial North-West of England, 1795–1803". International Review of Social History 31, n.º 3 (dezembro de 1986): 271–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000008221.

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The theory of a secret revolutionary tradition, closely woven into the fabric of early working-class activity and surfacing at particular moments of crisis, continues to fascinate historians. In their attempts to assess its validity much recent effort has been directed at the ten years following the introduction of the infamous Two Acts in December 1795. There has been intensive study of the secret societies in the metropolis and their counterparts in the West Riding of Yorkshire and of their relationship to the Irish rebels. Yet whilst it si now generally recognised that radicalism did not simply evaporate in the oppressive aftermath of the “gagging acts”, its nature and significance continue to provoke disagreement. This paper is a contribution to this debate and an attempt to help stitch together a convincing account of plebeian protest in a region which, despite its prominent position in the radical history of this period, has received little systematic attention.

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Kontopantelis, Evangelos, Mamas A. Mamas, Harm van Marwijk, Andrew M. Ryan, Iain E. Buchan, Darren M. Ashcroft e Tim Doran. "Geographical epidemiology of health and overall deprivation in England, its changes and persistence from 2004 to 2015: a longitudinal spatial population study". Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 72, n.º 2 (20 de dezembro de 2017): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2017-209999.

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BackgroundSocioeconomic deprivation is a key determinant for health. In England, the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) is a widely used composite measure of deprivation. However, little is known about its spatial clustering or persistence across time.MethodsData for overall IMD and its health domain were analysed for 2004–2015 at a low geographical area (average of 1500 people). Levels and temporal changes were spatially visualised for the whole of England and its 10 administrative regions. Spatial clustering was quantified using Moran’s I, correlations over time were quantified using Pearson’s r.ResultsBetween 2004 and 2015 we observed a strong persistence for both overall (r=0.94) and health-related deprivation (r=0.92). At the regional level, small changes were observed over time, but with areas slowly regressing towards the mean. However, for the North East, North West and Yorkshire, where health-related deprivation was the highest, the decreasing trend in health-related deprivation reversed and we noticed increases in 2015. Results did not support our hypothesis of increasing spatial clustering over time. However, marked regional variability was observed in both aggregate deprivation outcomes. The lowest autocorrelation was seen in the North East and changed very little over time, while the South East had the highest autocorrelation at all time points.ConclusionsOverall and health-related deprivation patterns persisted in England, with large and unchanging health inequalities between the North and the South. The spatial aspect of deprivation can inform the targeting of health and social care interventions, particularly in areas with high levels of deprivation clustering.

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Thomas, Joanna E., e Beris M. Cox. "The Oxfordian-Kimmeridgian stage boundary (Upper Jurassic): Dinoflagellate cyst assemblages from the Harome Borehole, North Yorkshire, England". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 56, n.º 3-4 (setembro de 1988): 313–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0034-6667(88)90063-2.

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Jones, Colin J. F. P., e Anthony H. Cooper. "Road construction over voids caused by active gypsum dissolution, with an example from Ripon, North Yorkshire, England". Environmental Geology 48, n.º 3 (11 de maio de 2005): 384–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-005-1282-6.

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Gallois, Ramues. "The stratigraphy of the Kimmeridge Clay Formation (Jurassic) of the Vale of Pickering, Yorkshire, UK". Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 63, n.º 4 (25 de maio de 2021): pygs2021–004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/pygs2021-004.

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The Upper Jurassic Kimmeridge Clay Formation (KCF) underlies much of the Vale of Pickering where it is almost wholly concealed by the Cretaceous Speeton Clay Formation and Quaternary deposits. There are few KCF inland or coastal exposures in Yorkshire with the result that the succession was stratigraphically poorly known until the 1970s oil crisis when the British Geological Survey drilled continuously cored boreholes at Marton and Reighton to examine the formation as a possible source of hydrocarbons. These were supplemented in 1987 by continuously cored boreholes drilled at Marton, Reighton, Ebberston and Flixborough by the Institut Français du Pétrole for hydrocarbons research. Taken together, the boreholes have enabled the lithological, palaeontological, geochemical and geophysical characters of the full thickness of the formation to be examined. Comparison of the KCF successions proved in Yorkshire with those in the adjacent North Sea, the East Midlands and the Dorset coast type area, shows marked variations in thickness related to penecontemporaneous faulting. However, there are only minor variations in the lithologies and faunas at any particular stratigraphical level. This appears to be due to a combination of Milankovitch-driven climatic fluctuations and pulsed variations in sea level which combined to produce similar depositional conditions throughout the English KCF at any one time. The chronostratigraphical classification of the KCF developed in southern England has therefore been shown to be applicable to the Yorkshire outcrop and the southern North Sea. The changes in sea level may be eustatic rather than regional events, but there is insufficient palaeontological evidence to enable them to be correlated with confidence with those of the standard Jurassic sea-level curve.

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Fergusson, Peter, e Stuart Harrison. "The Rievaulx Abbey Chapter House". Antiquaries Journal 74 (março de 1994): 211–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581500024434.

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The chapter house (figs, i, 2) is the most puzzling of the buildings that survive at Rievaulx Abbey, North Yorkshire — the Cistercians's first foundation in the north of England. A reconstruction based on the ruined remains shows a two storey interior supported on cylindrical columns, lower flanking aisles, and an apsed termination with a hemicycle and surrounding ambulatory (figs. 3, 4). No other chapter house in England or France shares these features. As a consequence the building has been ignored in the literature for the most part, or drawn criticism on account of its divergence from Cistercian norms. Gardner (1976, 106 n. 103), for example, in his wide-ranging study of English chapter houses categorized it as ‘bizarre’ and Gilyard-Beer (1978, 34) judged it a ‘remarkable lapse’ from Cistercian austerity. Yet the building merits greater attention. It survives as the oldest example in England of a Cistercian chapter house, a building type which, except for the conventual church, ranked as the most important in the entire monastic complex. Moreover, the visible remains can be dated to the brilliant rule of Rievaulx's third abbot, Ælred (1146–67), the pre-eminent pastoral master and spiritual writer of the High Middle Ages in Britain, under whom the community grew to the largest in the country with 640 men. Ælred's role as patron raises important questions, therefore, about the building's sources and meaning.

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Brenner, R. L., e O. J. Martinsen. "The Fossil Sandstone — a shallow marine sand wave complex in the Namurian of Cumbria and North Yorkshire, England". Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 48, n.º 2 (outubro de 1990): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/pygs.48.2.149.

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Fellows-Jensen, Gillian. "The Danes and the Danish Language in England: An Anthroponymical Point of View". Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 89, n.º 2 (março de 2013): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/bjrl.89.2.4.

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Evidence is provided by place names and personal names of Nordic origin for Danish settlement in England and Scotland in the Viking period and later. The names show that Danish settlement was densest in Yorkshire, Lincolnshire and Leicestershire but can also be traced outside the Danelaw. In the North, Danish settlers or their descendants moved across the Pennines to the Carlisle Plain, and from there along the coast of Cumberland and on across the sea to the Isle of Man, and perhaps back again to southern Lancashire and Cheshire before the middle of the tenth century. There,was also a spread of Danes around south-western England in the early eleventh century, reflecting the activities of Cnut the Great and his followers. After the Norman Conquest, Nordic influence spread into Dumfriesshire and the Central Lowlands of Scotland. It was in the more isolated, northern communities that Nordic linguistic influence continued to thrive.

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Maye-Banbury, Angela, e Rionach Casey. "The sensuous secrets of shelter: How recollections of food stimulate Irish men’s reconstructions of their early formative residential experiences in Leicester, Sheffield and Manchester". Irish Journal of Sociology 24, n.º 3 (24 de julho de 2016): 272–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0791603516659503.

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This paper examines the intersection between food, recollection and Irish migrants’ reconstructions of their housing pathways in the three English cities of Leicester (East Midlands), Sheffield (South Yorkshire) and Manchester (North). Previous studies have acknowledged more implicitly the role of memory in representing the Irish migrant experience in England. Here, we adopt a different stance. We explore the mnemonic power of food to encode, decode and recode Irish men’s reconstructions of their housing pathways in England when constructing and negotiating otherness. In doing so, we apply a ‘Proustian anthropological’ approach in framing the men’s representations of their formative residential experiences in the boarding houses of the three English cities during the 1950s and 1960s are examined. The extent to which food provided in the boarding houses was used as an instrument of discipline and control is examined. The relevance of food related acts of resistance, food insecurity and acts of hedonic meat-centric eating in constructing the men’s sociocultural identity are also explored.

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Bamiatzi, Vassiliki, Sally Jones, Siwan Mitchelmore e Konstantinos Nikolopoulos. "The Role of Competencies in Shaping the Leadership Style of Female Entrepreneurs: The Case of North West of England, Yorkshire, and North Wales". Journal of Small Business Management 53, n.º 3 (1 de julho de 2015): 627–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12173.

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Hopper, Andrew. "‘The Popish Army of the North’: Anti-Catholicism and Parliamentarian Allegiance in Civil War Yorkshire, 1642–46". Recusant History 25, n.º 1 (maio de 2000): 12–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034193200031964.

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By the time of the outbreak of the Civil Wars, may educated British Protestants considered Roman Catholicism to be an anti-religion; indeed, the Cambridge divine William Fulke went so far as to equate it with devil worship. Wealthy and powerful English Catholics attracted extreme hostility in moments of political crisis throughout the early modern period, but in 1642, fear of Roman Catholicism was even used to legitimate the terrible act of rebellion. Keith Lindley has emphasized the civil war neutrality of English Catholics, while many current historians, nervous of displays of religious prejudice, have portrayed the anti-Catholic fears of parliamentarians as cynical propaganda. Michael Finlayson has condemned anti-Catholicism as ‘irrational paranoia’, to be compared with anti-Semitism, which might, had it not been for the growth of liberal traditions in nineteenth-century England, have led to some sort of ‘Final Solution’.

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Rupp, Laura, e Hanne Page-Verhoeff. "Pragmatic and historical aspects of Definite Article Reduction in northern English dialects". English World-Wide 26, n.º 3 (31 de outubro de 2005): 325–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.26.3.05rup.

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We inquire into Definite Article Reduction (DAR), a phenomenon known to characterize northern English dialects. For this research we collected data from speakers at the North Yorkshire/Lancashire border. While previous studies have largely addressed DAR from a phonological perspective, we examine whether DAR is conditioned by other linguistic factors. The pattern we identify is that speakers show DAR most frequently when they refer to something (i) that is in their immediate environment (situational reference), (ii) that was just mentioned in the conversation (anaphoric reference), or (iii) that is known to the hearer (shared knowledge). We note that these uses correspond to the pragmatic category of “givenness/familiarity”, and may also be associated with the notions “near/close”. We speculate on the emergence of DAR in the North of England, drawing on evidence from the historical record regarding the development of the definite article from the demonstrative paradigm and the contact situation with Scandinavian.

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Briggs, Stephen, Kevin Leahy e Stuart P. Needham. "The Late Bronze Age Hoard from Brough-On-Humber: A Re-Assessment". Antiquaries Journal 67, n.º 1 (março de 1987): 11–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581500026251.

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The discovery in 1719, at Brough-on-Humber [North Humberside, SE 93 26], of a hoard of Late Bronze Age weapons and casting matrices is described from contemporary manuscript and printed sources. The subsequent passage of its component artefacts through antiquarian collections is carefully documented, and four pieces are recognized as surviving in the British Museum. These comprise two rare two-piece casting moulds together with one example of each casting product. One mould is a Welby, the other a Meldreth, type, formerly provenanced respectively to ‘Yorkshire’ and ‘Quantock Hills, Somersetshire’. All are described in detail and suggestions made as to the casting techniques in which they were employed. The hoard, possibly originally comprising more artefacts than were recorded, was accompanied by a spearhead, a socketed chisel and a tanged awl or spike, now lost. These are attributed to Burgess's ‘Ewart Park phase’ of LBA2, with parallels scattered throughout the north-east, east, south-east and south of England.

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Pound, John. "Clerical Poverty in Early Sixteenth-Century England: Some East Anglian Evidence". Journal of Ecclesiastical History 37, n.º 3 (julho de 1986): 389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046900021461.

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The economic standing of the English parochial clergy in the early sixteenth century has been re-examined recently by Michael Zell, and the evidence at his disposal suggests that many of them were poverty-stricken in the extreme. He points to the large surplus of unendowed curates, chaplains and the like, and to the fact that when employment was available it was neither rewarding, in a monetary sense, nor necessarily secure. Stipends were officially regulated by an early fifteenth-century statute which set a maximum of £5 6s. 8d. per annum, and ‘evidence from all regions of England indicates that very rarely were curates and chaplains given more than that’. It was not uncommon for areas in the north to pay even less than this. In Lancashire, for example, the average salary of about 100 curates and chaplains in 1524 was £2 9s. 6d. In the East Riding of Yorkshire a year later it was £4. On the basis of such evidence, Mr Zell reasonably concludes that the unbeneficed clergy must have found it very difficult to survive, and that ‘the average country priest could not have been a person of high social status’.

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Cherryman, Julie, Nigel King e Ray Bull. "Child Witness Investigative Interviews: An Analysis of the Use of Children's Video-Recorded Evidence in North Yorkshire". International Journal of Police Science & Management 2, n.º 1 (março de 2000): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146135570000200106.

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Since the 1992 onset in England and Wales of video-recorded investigative interviews with children for possible use in criminal proceedings, there have been claims that far too many such interviews are being recorded. Indeed, debate about the usefulness of video-recorded interviews centres on the argument that only a few of the many interviews with children which have been recorded on video are used either in criminal courts or, indeed, anywhere else. This paper examines the number and outcome of the video-recorded interviews which were conducted between 1993 and 1996 by the North Yorkshire Police Family Protection Unit (South). Some time after having a video-recorded interview with a child witness/victim the police officer involved in the case completed a questionnaire, the results of which were collated. The results suggest that interviews with children provide useful evidential material and are, in fact, being used. This paper relates only to records kept by the police and not social services. It is not the intention to disregard the process of joint investigation or, indeed, to ignore the importance of the role of social services in the video-recorded interviews referred to in this paper.

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Abulreesh, H. H., T. A. Paget e R. Goulder. "Waterfowl and the bacteriological quality of amenity ponds". Journal of Water and Health 2, n.º 3 (1 de setembro de 2004): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2004.0016.

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This study investigated the impact of waterfowl on the bacteriological quality of village ponds in East Yorkshire, north-east England. Water and sediment samples were collected from ponds with and without resident ducks and geese; faecal indicator and potentially pathogenic bacteria were assayed by membrane filtration and by selective enrichment. Escherichia coli, faecal streptococci and, to a degree, Clostridium perfringens were more abundant in ponds with waterfowl; Salmonella was isolated in June–August from the sediment of a pond with waterfowl. The results suggested that the bacteriological quality of village ponds might be adversely affected by waterfowl. All water samples from ponds with waterfowl had faecal indicators at higher concentrations than EU requirements for bathing waters. Although these ponds are not bathing waters we suggest skin contact and accidental ingestion of water should be avoided.

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Lockwood, Paul, Christopher Burton, Theresa Shaw e Nicholas Woznitza. "A survey of the NHS reporting radiographer workforce in England". Radiography Open 10, n.º 1 (5 de fevereiro de 2024): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7577/radopen.5635.

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Introduction: At present there is no national register of the population size and scope of reporting radiographers in England. This makes operational workforce and succession planning for sustainable healthcare services in the National Health Service England (NHSE) difficult, affecting implementing NHSE policies and priorities such as 50% of X-rays reported by reporting radiographers and decreasing reporting Turnaround Times (TATs). This survey aimed to establish the workforce population employed as reporting radiographers in NHSE. Methods: An online anonymous seven question survey was distributed on social media and at the UK Imaging and Oncology Congress. Participant criteria included NHSE radiology staff (diagnostic radiographer, reporting radiographer, radiology manager, imaging superintendent modality lead, consultant radiologist, etc.) or a student diagnostic radiographer working within an NHSE trust. The survey recorded the participant's NHSE region (North Western, North Eastern and Yorkshire, Midlands, East of England, London, South Eastern and South Western regions), Integrated Care Systems (ICS), NHSE Trust, hospital, the amount of reporting radiographers and trainees employed, the Agenda for Change (AfC) job banding and imaging modality reported (X-ray, CT, MRI, NM, PET, DEXA). The data analysis applied descriptive statistics for estimating patterns and trends in the distrubtion of data (English region, AfC banding and imaging modality). Results: Responses were received from all seven of the NHSE regions (n=36/43 ICSs). The data demonstrated a larger workforce in the north of England than in the south, with employment at a range of AfC bandings from 5-8. The imaging modalities reported by radiographers in England demonstrated X-ray (n=34), the most reported imaging examination by region, and Nuclear Medicine (n=3) the least, with evidence of clinical reporting for CT (n=20), MRI (n=18), DEXA (n=16), Mammography (n=13) and fluoroscopy (n=12) being completed by radiographers in England. Conclusion: The findings for England (n=704 reporters; n=142 trainees) provide an estimate based on the response rate of the current reporting radiographer workforce across the NHSE regions, and their contribution to the skills mix radiology reporting service delivery. It is hoped future surveys will provide ongoing workforce estimates for the diagnostic radiographer reporting workforce in NHSE to support workforce transformation and sustainability plans for the radiography profession and to meet government healthcare targets and priorities.

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King, Andrew, Helen Prior e Caroline Waddington-Jones. "Connect Resound: Using online technology to deliver music education to remote communities". Journal of Music, Technology & Education 12, n.º 2 (1 de setembro de 2019): 201–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jmte_00006_1.

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This article describes an action research project that aimed to widen participation for music education in schools in England (United Kingdom). The Connect Resound project involved a pilot stage in North Yorkshire (England, United Kingdom) followed by a roll-out to four further geographical regions of England: Cumbria; Durham/Darlington; East Riding of Yorkshire; and Cornwall. The project involved testing a technological framework created to bring music education to schools with little or no music instrumental lessons within primary schools at key stage 2 (pupils aged 7–11 years). The pilot and roll-out phases refined the approach and established a business case for a grant to roll out the project nationally in 2017. The approach used in the study provided not only the instrumental lessons but also continuing professional development for teachers, on-demand technical support, and access to music performances and masterclasses. The research team designed and tested several scenarios for using technology in this environment some of which were using single cameras and others that used a multi-camera set-up. One of the approaches used technology to allow the teachers and pupils access to different camera angles and high-quality audio to deliver the lessons which proved beneficial. The project team captured both video data as well as interviews and questionnaires with participants in order to better understand and refine the approach developed. This article reports upon the challenges and opportunities provided by the project in terms of the technology and environment, an evaluation using a case study approach of how the teachers used the technology, and feedback in the form of questionnaires from pupils and parents/carers concerning the lessons. Issues around the technology concerned time lag, initial technical problems, and background noise in the teaching environment amplified by the technology. The different camera angles adopted in the project proved valuable for teachers, potential issues with assembling and tuning instruments were considered, and beginner technique could be demonstrated using this approach.

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Hull, Susan L., John Grahame e Peter J. Mill. "Reproduction in four populations of brooding periwinkle (Littorina) at Ravenscar, North Yorkshire: adaptation to the local environment?" Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 79, n.º 5 (outubro de 1999): 891–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315499001058.

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The current study examines the reproductive patterns found within four ovoviviparous, brooding periwinkle populations on one shore in the north-east coast of England; the boulder dwelling populations Littorina saxatilis H (upper-shore form with thin shell and large aperture) and L. saxatilis M (mid-shore form with thick shell and small aperture), and the barnacle-dwelling L. saxatilis B (small form similar in morphology to L. saxatilis M) and L. neglecta. Littorina saxatilis H showed distinct seasonality in reproductive activity, unlike L. saxatilis M, and produced significantly larger eggs and embryos than the latter population. Littorina saxatilis M maintained a significantly higher weight-specific fecundity and reproductive activity throughout the year than L. saxatilis H and produced a larger number of small embryos.The two barnacle-dwelling populations also showed distinct seasonality in reproductive activity and neither of the populations contained reproductively active females during the winter months. There was no significant difference in egg size between the two populations, but L. saxatilis B produced larger crawlaways than did L. neglecta. Even though L. saxatilis B was significantly larger in body and shell size, L. neglecta had a higher weight-specific fecundity than the former population. The possibility that the observed differences in egg and juvenile size, fecundity and seasonality between the four populations can be attributed to microscale adaptation to the local environment is discussed.

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Purvis, Ruth M., Alastair C. Lewis, James R. Hopkins, Shona E. Wilde, Rachel E. Dunmore, Grant Allen, Joseph Pitt e Robert S. Ward. "Effects of ‘pre-fracking’ operations on ambient air quality at a shale gas exploration site in rural North Yorkshire, England". Science of The Total Environment 673 (julho de 2019): 445–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.077.

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Degnen, Cathrine. "Relationality, Place, and Absence: A Three-Dimensional Perspective on Social Memory". Sociological Review 53, n.º 4 (novembro de 2005): 729–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.2005.00593.x.

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This article builds on recent work on memory and place in the social sciences. One emphasis in the literature on ‘Western’ forms of social memory has been on official, intentional sites of commemoration, such as war memorials and monuments. Based on fieldwork in the north of England with older residents of a former coal mining village, I approach social memory from a different perspective, emphasising the work of memory and its complex interactions with place, absence, social relations and social rupture. Like Village on the Border, this research has taken place in a setting that has undergone significant socio-economic change: the closure of the South Yorkshire coalfields. The embeddedness of local knowledge in social relations emerge in both Ronnie Frankenberg's work and my own and I explore these topics here in connection with what I term a ‘three-dimensionality of memory’.

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Hall, D. W., G. T. Cook e W. D. Hamilton. "New Dating Evidence for North Sea Trade Between England, Scotland, and Norway in the 11th Century AD". Radiocarbon 52, n.º 2 (2010): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200045379.

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This study follows on from previous research at Perth, Scotland, in which we dated carbonized food residues removed from the external surface of rim sherds of cooking pots of London Sandy Shellyware pottery (Museum of London Pottery Fabric Code SSW). The 15 residues that were dated produced 14C ages between 910 ± 35 and 1085 ± 40 BP. We have now carried out radiocarbon measurements on similar residues from the same fabric obtained from the Billingsgate excavations in London and the Bryggen excavations in Bergen, Norway. The London and Bergen measurements gave age ranges of 905 ± 35 to 1115 ± 35 BP and 920 ± 35 to 1055 ± 35 BP, respectively, both very similar to the Perth age range. The measurements at each site are in agreement with our Bayesian model assumption that they belong to a single phase of activity. The model estimates the introduction of London Sandy Shellyware in London to cal AD 820–1020, in Perth to cal AD 930–1020, and in Bergen to cal AD 980–1030 (95% probability). Further modeling predicts that it fell out of use in the reverse order.

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Thornton, L., S. Gray, P. Bingham, R. L. Salmon, D. N. Hutchinson, B. Rowe, D. Newton e Q. U. Syed. "The problems of tracing a geographically widespread outbreak of salmonellosis from a commonly eaten food: Salmonella typhimurium DT193 in North West England and North Wales in 1991". Epidemiology and Infection 111, n.º 3 (dezembro de 1993): 465–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800057198.

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SummaryGeographically widespread outbreaks involving commonly isolated organisms and where the vehicles of infection are commonly eaten foodstuffs pose particular difficulties at a technical and organizational level.An outbreak of Salmonella typhimurium infection, affecting 39 people, spread over a wide area in North West England and North Wales in April and May 1991, was detected thanks to the practice of sending specimens to the national reference laboratory where phage typing and characterizing of antibiotic resistance patterns enabled the identification of a cluster of distinctive isolates (S. typhimurium DT193 resistant to sulphonamides, trimethoprim and furazolidone). An investigation, involving twenty environmental health departments in addition to health authorities and the Public Health Laboratory Service, showed an association between the illness and eating loose sliced cooked ham (P = 0.004). Detailed tracing of the chain of supply of the ham showed this to be particularly cooked ham originating from a single small local producer (P = 0.00003). Further investigation of that producer revealed that a batch of ham distributed on one day in early April was undercooked due to a malfunction in cooking equipment.

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Yin, J., S. A. Cumberland, R. M. Harrison, J. Allan, D. E. Young, P. I. Williams e H. Coe. "Receptor modelling of fine particles in Southern England using CMB including comparison with AMS-PMF factors". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, n.º 17 (24 de setembro de 2014): 24523–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-24523-2014.

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Abstract. PM2.5 was collected during a winter campaign at two southern England sites, urban background North Kensington (NK) and rural Harwell (HAR), in January–February 2012. Multiple organic and inorganic source tracers were analysed and used in a Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) model, which apportioned seven separate primary sources, that explained on average 53% (NK) and 56% (HAR) of the organic carbon (OC), including traffic, woodsmoke, food cooking, coal combustion, vegetative detritus, natural gas and dust/soil. With the addition of source tracers for secondary biogenic aerosol at the NK site, 79% of organic carbon was accounted for. Secondary biogenic sources were represented by oxidation products of α-pinene and isoprene, but only the former made a substantial contribution to OC. Particle source contribution estimates for PM2.5 mass were obtained by the conversion of the OC estimates and combining with inorganic components ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate and sea salt. Good mass closure was achieved with 8% (92% with the addition of the secondary biogenic source) and 83% of the PM2.5 mass explained at NK and HAR respectively, with the remainder being secondary organic matter. While the most important sources of OC are vehicle exhaust (21 and 16%) and woodsmoke (15% and 28%) at NK and HAR respectively, food cooking emissions are also significant, particularly at the urban NK site (11% of OC), in addition to the secondary biogenic source, only measured at NK, which represented about 26%. In comparison, the major source components for PM2.5 at NK and HAR are inorganic ammonium salts (51 and 56%), vehicle exhaust emissions (8 and 6%), secondary biogenic (10% measured at NK only), woodsmoke (4 and 7%) and sea salt (7 and 8%), whereas food cooking (4% and 1%) showed relatively smaller contributions to PM2.5. Results from the CMB model were compared with source contribution estimates derived from the AMS-PMF method. The overall mass of organic matter accounted for is rather similar for the two methods. However, appreciably different concentrations were calculated for the individual primary organic matter contributions, although for most source categories the CMB and AMS-PMF results were highly correlated (r2 = 0.69–0.91). In comparison with the CMB model, the AMS appears to over-estimate the biomass burning/coal and food cooking sources by a factor of around 1.5 to 2 while estimates of the traffic source are rather similar for each model. The largest divergence is in the primary/secondary organic matter split, with the AMS estimating an appreciably smaller secondary component. Possible reasons for these discrepancies are discussed, but despite these substantial divergences, the strong correlation of the two methods gives some confidence in their application.

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Yin, J., S. A. Cumberland, R. M. Harrison, J. Allan, D. E. Young, P. I. Williams e H. Coe. "Receptor modelling of fine particles in southern England using CMB including comparison with AMS-PMF factors". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, n.º 4 (26 de fevereiro de 2015): 2139–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2139-2015.

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Abstract. PM2.5 was collected during a winter campaign at two southern England sites, urban background North Kensington (NK) and rural Harwell (HAR), in January–February 2012. Multiple organic and inorganic source tracers were analysed and used in a Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) model, which apportioned seven separate primary sources, that explained on average 53% (NK) and 56% (HAR) of the organic carbon (OC), including traffic, woodsmoke, food cooking, coal combustion, vegetative detritus, natural gas and dust/soil. With the addition of source tracers for secondary biogenic aerosol at the NK site, 79% of organic carbon was accounted for. Secondary biogenic sources were represented by oxidation products of α-pinene and isoprene, but only the former made a substantial contribution to OC. Particle source contribution estimates for PM2.5 mass were obtained by the conversion of the OC estimates and combining with inorganic components ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate and sea salt. Good mass closure was achieved with 81% (92% with the addition of the secondary biogenic source) and 83% of the PM2.5 mass explained at NK and HAR respectively, with the remainder being secondary organic matter. While the most important sources of OC are vehicle exhaust (21 and 16%) and woodsmoke (15 and 28%) at NK and HAR respectively, food cooking emissions are also significant, particularly at the urban NK site (11% of OC), in addition to the secondary biogenic source, only measured at NK, which represented about 26%. In comparison, the major source components for PM2.5 at NK and HAR are inorganic ammonium salts (51 and 56%), vehicle exhaust emissions (8 and 6%), secondary biogenic (10% measured at NK only), woodsmoke (4 and 7%) and sea salt (7 and 8%), whereas food cooking (4 and 1%) showed relatively smaller contributions to PM2.5. Results from the CMB model were compared with source contribution estimates derived from the AMS-PMF method. The overall mass of organic matter accounted for is rather similar for the two methods. However, appreciably different concentrations were calculated for the individual primary organic matter contributions, although for most source categories the CMB and AMS-PMF results were highly correlated (r2 = 0.69–0.91). In comparison with the CMB model, the AMS appears to overestimate the biomass burning/coal and food cooking sources by a factor of around 1.5 to 2 while estimates of the traffic source are rather similar for each model. The largest divergence is in the primary/secondary organic matter split, with the AMS estimating an appreciably smaller secondary component. Possible reasons for these discrepancies are discussed, but despite these substantial divergences, the strong correlation of the two methods gives some confidence in their application.

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Ludwig, Alison F., Peter Cox e Basma Ellahi. "Social and cultural construction of obesity among Pakistani Muslim women in North West England". Public Health Nutrition 14, n.º 10 (4 de janeiro de 2011): 1842–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980010003472.

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AbstractObjectiveThe present qualitative study explored health perceptions, diet and the social construction of obesity and how this relates to the initiation and maintenance of a healthier diet in UK Pakistani women.DesignPakistani women in Greater Manchester participated in focus group and one-to-one discussions. Semi-structured interviews employing fictional vignettes and body shape images were used to explore the participants’ beliefs and practices regarding diet, overweight/obesity and the risk of type 2 diabetes. Transcripts were analysed using phenomenological and sociological approaches.SettingInterviews took place either in local community and Pakistani resource centres or in private homes.SubjectsFirst- and second-generation women who were both active in the community and housebound. The women spoke English and/or Urdu.ResultsThe fifty-five participants lacked the motivation to address weight gain and were unsure how to do so. There was a limited awareness of the link between weight gain and type 2 diabetes. Other barriers included the influence of Islam, culture and familial expectations on home cooking, perceptions that weight gain is inevitable (owing to ageing, childbirth or divine predestination) and the prioritisation of family concerns over individual lifestyle changes. As the findings of the present research did not correspond to existing educational and behaviour change models, a new Health Action Transition conceptual model is proposed.ConclusionsHealth education programmes that aim to address obesity and its associated risks in the South Asian community must take into account the complex beliefs and practices and the multiple dimensions of religion, ethnic and social identity within this population. The present study provides further insight into these factors and proposes a novel model for use in designing and implementing education interventions for British Pakistani women.

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Nunn, A. D., J. P. Harvey, R. A. A. Noble e I. G. Cowx. "Condition assessment of lamprey populations in the Yorkshire Ouse catchment, north-east England, and the potential influence of physical migration barriers". Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 18, n.º 2 (2008): 175–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aqc.863.

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Williamson, Sian Z., Rebecca Johnson, Harbinder K. Sandhu, David R. Ellard, Jacquie Jenkins, Margaret Casey, Olive Kearins e Sian Taylor-Phillips. "Communicating biopsy results from breast screening assessment: current practice in English breast screening centres and staff perspectives of telephoning results". BMJ Open 9, n.º 11 (novembro de 2019): e028683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028683.

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ObjectiveTo record how breast screening centres in England deliver all biopsy results (cancer/non-cancer) from the breast assessment visit.DesignOnline survey of 63 of 79 breast screening centres in England from all regions (East Midlands, East of England, London, North East Yorkshire & Humber, North West, South East, South West, West Midlands). The survey contained quantitative measures of frequency for telephoning biopsy results (routinely, occasionally or never) and optional qualitative free-text responses. Surveys were completed by a staff member from each centre.ResultsThere were no regional trends in the use of telephone results services, (X² (14, n=63)=11.55, p=0.64), Centres who telephoned results routinely did not deliver results sooner than centres who deliver results in-person (X² (16, n=63)=12.76, p=0.69).When delivering cancer results, 76.2% of centres never telephone results and 23.8% of centres occasionally telephone results. No centres reported delivering cancer results routinely by telephone. Qualitative content analysis suggests that cancer results are only telephoned at the patient request and under exceptional circumstances.When delivering non-cancer results, 12.7% of centres never telephoned results, 38.1% occasionally telephoned results and 49.2% routinely telephoned results. Qualitative content analysis revealed different processes for delivering telephone results, including patient choice and scheduling an in-person results appointment for all women attending breast assessment, then ringing non-cancer results unexpectedly ahead of this prebooked appointment.ConclusionsIn the National Health Service Breast Screening Programme, breast assessment results that are cancer are routinely delivered in-person. However, non-cancer breast assessment results are often routinely delivered by telephone, despite breast screening policy recommendations. More research is needed to understand the impact of telephoning results on women attending breast assessment, particularly women who receive a non-cancer result. Future research should also consider how women themselves might prefer to receive their results.

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