Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Convoi du véhicule"
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Dafflon, Baudoin. "Modèle multi-agent d'inspiration physique pour la prise de décision : Application à la conduite en convoi". Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BELF0240/document.
Texto completo da fonteBaudoin Dafflon’s doctoral work is placed in the general frame of self-organised systems. This kind of systems bases on the hypothesis that their organizationcan be the result of the individual behaviour of each one of the autonomous and proactive component entities. This emergent organization satisfies the objectives entrusted to the self-organizing system. This thesis is mainly directed to application domains in which the self-organizing system is composed of intelligent, frequently mobile material devices places in a physical, uncertain environment. Case-studies made included in this Thesis belong to the vehicle platoon problem.This Thesis interests mainlyto the decision-making problem of the self organizing systems of this kind. This aspect is particularly important when the system evolves in an uncertain environment. Uncertainty can be the consequence of an imperfect knowledge of the environment or because of the occurrence of unpredictable events. In those situations the autonomous entities have to decide locally about the best action to be performed in order for the global organization to be maintained. Even if information exchange among autonomous entities is not excluded a-priori, this doctoral work has been done under the restriction of non-communication, in order to investigate the reach of completely de-centralised approaches.Among the contributions of this thesis we can mention the following. Firstly, the proposal of an architecture that separates decision making and control, thereby allowing a simpler integration of uncertainty-management. An example from the application domain (vehicle platoons) is obstacle avoidance. Secondly, this thesis introduces a hierarchy of multi-agent systems such that decision-making is also conceived as a self-organized process in a virtual agent’s world. The later is built from an abstraction process based on the perceptions produced by material agents. Lastly, this thesis proposes physics-inspired interaction mechanisms for virtual agents. Those interaction models based on phenomena such as attraction-repulsion forces or gas dynamics, allow for a computational decision making process based on the laws and properties of the adopted physical models.Doctoral work presented in this Thesis has been done in the framework of the ANR-VTT project
Kaisser, Florent. "Communications dans les réseaux fortement dynamiques". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00512021.
Texto completo da fonteAvanzini, Pierre. "Modélisation et commande d'un convoi de véhicules urbains par vision". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00683626.
Texto completo da fonteJradi, Madeleine. "Approche réactive pour la conduite en convoi des véhicules autonomes : Modélisation et vérification". Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01010896.
Texto completo da fonteEl, Zaher Madeleine. "Approche réactive pour la conduite en convoi des véhicules autonomes : Modélisation et vérification". Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BELF0216/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis places in the framework of Platoons, sets of autonomous vehicles that move together while keeping a spatial configuration, without any material coupling. Goals of the thesis are: first, the definition of a decision making approach for platoon systems. Second, the definition of a method for the verification of safety properties associated to the platoon system.The proposed decision making approach is decentralized and self-organized. Platoon vehicles are autonomous, they act based only on their perception capabilities. The configuration emerges as a result of the individual behavior of each of the platoon vehicle. The proposed approach can be applied to platoon with different configurations, and allows for dynamic change of configuration.The proposed verification method uses the model-checking technique. Model checking of complex system can lead to the combinatory explosion problem. To deal with this problem, we choose to use a compositional verification method. Compositional methods decompose system models into different components and associate to each component an auxiliary property. The global property can then be deduced from the set of all the auxiliary properties, by applying a compositional deduction rule. We define a deduction rule suitable for decentralised platoon systems. The deduction rule considers each vehicle as a component. It is applicable under the assumption that adding a new component to an instance of the system does not modify behavior of the instance. Two safety properties have been verified : collision avoidance
Bom, Jonathan. "Etude et mise en oeuvre d'un convoi de véhicules urbains avec accrochage immatériel". Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2006. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00694007/document.
Texto completo da fonteBom, Jonathan. "Etude et mise en oeuvre d'un convoi de véhicules urbains avec accrochage immatériel". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00694007.
Texto completo da fonteAkki, Mouhcine. "Commande de l'inter-distance dans un convoi de véhicules autonomes par l'imposition d'impédances virtuelles d'interaction". Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2010. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1250/1/030141472.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteMohamed, Ahmed Mohamed Mahmoud. "Contrôle et commande d'une flotte de véhicules autonomes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0626.
Texto completo da fonteThe works of this thesis are focused on the control and command of a fleet of many vehicles (4 to 10 vehicles). A longitudinal control is proposed based on the decentralized global approach, for which the information of the leader and the predecessor are assumed to be available to compute the control law using a linearization control by inverse dynamics. This control concept allows to follow a reference speed imposed by the leading vehicle, while respecting a safety distance (variable and constant) to avoid collisions. The longitudinal control is coupled with the lateral control that uses a sliding mode approach to follow the leader's desired trajectory. In addition, different sliding mode observers are developed. These observers are intended to calculate the nonlinear dynamics in the controls of each vehicle. The fleet is treated secondly in the multi-lane trajectories (line configuration). Two control approaches are proposed to control the vehicles in the different lanes (three lanes: i, j and k). The vehicles are controlled in the first strategy to follow the speed of the leader. However, in the second approach, the desired speed of the leader is modified when a lateral movement is present in order to respect the fleet notion. The vehicles are also controlled to avoid obstacles and switch to the next lane by generating an obstacle avoidance trajectory that takes into account the safety distance between the vehicles and the obstacle, and between the vehicles themselves
Nascimento, Silva Rafael. "Event-triggered control for nonlinear systems : Application to vehicle platoons". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPHF0022.
Texto completo da fonteIn this thesis, we address the design of event-triggered control for nonlinear systems focusing on the application of nonhomogeneous vehicle platooning. Due to the presence of parametric uncertainties and unmeasured exogenous disturbances, the classical feedback linearization technique cannot be applied to attain linear and homogeneous platoon. To address this issue, we propose a disturbance observer (DOB) to estimate a lumped disturbance, representing the effects of both the parametric uncertainty and the unmeasured external signals. The estimated disturbance is directly incorporated into the feedback linearization control law for uncertainty compensation. Considering the compensation effects, to assess the individual stability and the string stability, we formulate an overlapping subsystem representing the interaction between vehicles, which directly exchange information. Through this modeling formulation, individual and string stability of the nonhomogeneous platoon can be studied using ℒ2 stability analysis of a single overlapping subsystem, ensuring the scalability of the proposed stability conditions. Considering event-based transmission for resource-efficient communication, we derive sufficient design conditions using suitable Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals and relaxation techniques for dynamic event-triggered control (ETC) methods to ensure individual and string stability in both cases, with and without communication delays. To ensure Zeno-free behavior, a minimum time between consecutive transmissions is imposed. To account for the enforced time, the overlapping subsystem is rewritten as a switching system based on the intervals during which the triggering mechanism is active. As an extension of ETC methods for platooning applications, we propose a co-design ETC method for nonlinear systems, based on a feedback linearization technique. The co-design conditions for both the controller and the event-triggering mechanism are recast as an optimization problem subject to linear matrix inequality constraints. Extensive simulations and comparisons are presented for each proposed ETC control result to illustrate the advantages of the respective methods over the related literature
Nesta tese abordamos o projeto de controle acionado por eventos para sistemas não lineares, com foco na aplicação em comboio de veículos não homogêneos. Devido à presença de incertezas paramétricas e distúrbios exógenos, a técnica clássica de linearização por realimentação não pode ser aplicada para obter um comboio linear e homogêneo. Para resolver essa questão, propomos um observador de distúrbios (DOB : Disturbance observer) para estimar um distúrbio “virtual”, representando os efeitos tanto da incerteza paramétrica quanto dos sinais externos não medidos. O distúrbio estimado é incorporado diretamente na lei de controle de linearização por realimentação para compensação das incertezas. Considerando os efeitos da compensação, para avaliar a estabilidade individual e a estabilidade do comboio, formulamos um subsistema sobreposto que representa a interação entre veículos que trocam informações diretamente. Por meio dessa formulação, a estabilidade individual e do comboio não homogêneo pode ser estudada utilizando a análise de estabilidade ℒ2 de apenas um subsistema sobreposto, garantindo a escalabilidade das condições de estabilidade propostas. Considerando a transmissão baseada em eventos para comunicação eficiente em termos de recursos, derivamos condições suficientes usando funcionais de Lyapunov-Krasovskii adequados e técnicas de relaxamento para métodos de controle acionado por eventos dinâmicos (ETC : Event-triggered control) para garantir a estabilidade individual e do comboio nos casos, com e sem atrasos de comunicação. Para garantir um comportamento livre de Zenão, um tempo mínimo entre transmissões consecutivas é imposto. Para incluir esse tempo no modelo do subsistema sobreposto, o mesmo é reescrito como um sistema chaveado baseado nos intervalos durante os quais o mecanismo de disparo está ativo. Como uma extensão das abordagem ETC aplicada ao comboio, propomos um método para co-projeto de ETC aplicado a sistemas não lineares, baseado em uma técnica de linearização por realimentação. As condições de co-projeto para o controlador e o mecanismo de acionamento de eventos são reformuladas como um problema de otimização sujeito a restrições sob a forma de desigualdades matriciais lineares. Simulações extensivas e comparações são apresentadas para cada controlador ETC proposto com intuito de ilustrar as vantagens dos respectivos métodos em relação à literatura relacionada
Hadj-Saïd, Souad. "Optimisation énergétique Convexe pour véhicule Hybride électrique : vers une solution analytique". Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE2028/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis focuses on the energy management of Hybrid Electric Vehicle. In this type of vehicle, energy optimization is a major challenge. It consists of calculating optimal commands that minimize the vehicle’s energy consumption under a finite number of constraints. The optimization issue could be solved using a digital method or an analytical method. This choice depends on the nature of energy models that monitor the optimization criteria: analytical or maps of experimental measurements. However, this method presents numerous disadvantages. Its calculation is extremely time-consuming for instance. Therefore, the works presented in this thesis were directed in order to develop an analytical solution where the calculation is lesstime consuming. The architecture of the vehicle is complex. In fact, the vehicle contains two electrical machines, a thermal engine and a step-up. These components have all a straight impact on the vehicle’s energy consumption so several optimization variables were defining. Consequently, working on an analytical solution was a natural choice. The proposed analytical methodology consists of three steps: convex modeling, the command analytical calculation as well as the analytical command validation on a vehicle simulator. This methodology was applied to three possible configurations of the studied vehicle: parallel, biparallel and in serial. Finally, the step-up addition to the energy management as well as the study of itsimpact on the vehicle’s energy consumption are presented in the last chapter. The simulation results show that the analytical method reduces considerably the computing time and has an extremely low suboptimality
Attouche, Slimane. "Prédiction et tolérance aux fautes dans les systèmes multi-capteurs : application à la conduite automatique de véhicules en convois". Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-237.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteBouibed, Kamel. "Contribution à la gestion de défaillances d’un train de véhicules électriques légers autonomes". Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10030/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis work concerns the design of a supervision system applied to autonomous electric vehicle. Two based model monitoring methods are developed using the nonlinear model of electric vehicle: The first is based on multiple observers to detect and to isolate faults. The second approach is the generation of nonlinear analytical redundancy relations (nonlinear parity space). In addition to the generation of residuals by the method of parity space, differential sliding mode observers are integrated to estimate the successive derivatives of inputs and outputs. To make a train of three vehicles, a longitudinal control (control of the safety space) based on measuring the distance between vehicles is developed. The lateral control is based on a reference path tracking imposed for all vehicles. A steering command is then calculated based on the difference between the measured and the desired trajectory. Finally, some strategies are developed for the reconfiguration of the train of vehicles. The principle of the reconfiguration is the choice of strategy for the train of vehicles according to kind of detected fault
Qian, Xiangjun. "Commande prédictive pour conduite autonome et coopérative". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM037/document.
Texto completo da fonteAutonomous driving has been gaining more and more attention in the last decades, thanks to its positive social-economic impacts including the enhancement of traffic efficiency and the reduction of road accidents. A number of research institutes and companies have tested autonomous vehicles in traffic, accumulating tens of millions of kilometers traveled in autonomous driving. With the vision of massive deployment of autonomous vehicles, researchers have also started to envision cooperative strategies among autonomous vehicles. This thesis deals with the control architecture design of individual autonomous vehicles and cooperative autonomous vehicles. Model Predictive Control (MPC), thanks to its efficiency and versatility, is chosen as the building block for various control architectures proposed in this thesis. In more detail, this thesis first presents a classical hierarchical control architecture for individual vehicle control that decomposes the controller into a motion planner and a tracking controller, both using nonlinear MPC. In a second step, we analyze the inability of the proposed planner in handling logical constraints raised from traffic rules and multiple maneuver variants, and propose a hybrid MPC based motion planner that solves this issue. We then consider the convoy control problem of autonomous vehicles in which multiple vehicles maintain a formation during autonomous driving. A hierarchical formation control architecture is proposed composing of a convoy supervisor and local MPC based vehicle controllers. Finally, we consider the problem of coordinating a group of autonomous vehicles at an intersection without traffic lights. A hierarchical architecture composed of an intersection controller and multiple local vehicle controllers is proposed to allow vehicles to cross the intersection smoothly and safely
Abualhoul, Mohammad. "Communications par lumière visible et radio pour la conduite coopérative autonome : application à la conduite en convois". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM084/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis effort contributes to the autonomous vehicular communication and urban mobility improvements. The work addresses the main radio-based V2V communication limitations and challenges for ITS hard-safety applications and intends to deploy the vehicular lighting system as a supportive communication solution for platooning of IVC-enabled autonomous vehicles. The ultimate objectives of this Ph.D research are to integrate the VLC system within the existing C-ITS architecture by developing a VLC prototype, together with sufficient, hand-over algorithms enabling VLC, RF, and perception-based solutions in order to ensure the maximum safety requirements and the continuous information exchange between vehicles. The feasibility and efficiency of the VLC-RF system implementation and hand-over algorithms were subjects to deep investigations over six self-contained chapters meant to facilitate a logical progression of materials and to enable a relatively easy access. In addition to the improvement in road capacity by utilizing the convoy-based autonomous driving systems. The carried out simulations followed-up by experimental results proved that the integration of VLC with the existed RF solutions lead to a definite benefit in the communication channel quality and safety requirements of a platooning system when a proper hand-over algorithm is utilized
Ioan, Daniel. "Safe Navigation Strategies within Cluttered Environment". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASG047.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis pertains to optimization-based navigation and control in multi-obstacle environments. The design problem is commonly stated in the literature in terms of a constrained optimization problem over a non-convex domain. Thus, building on the combination of Model Predictive Control and set-theoretic concepts, we develop a couple of constructive methods based on the geometrical interpretation. In its first part, the thesis focuses based on a thorough analysis of the recent results in the field on the multi-obstacle environment's representation. Hence, we opted to exploit a particular class of convex sets endowed with the symmetry property to model the environment, reduce complexity, and enhance performance. Furthermore, we solve an open problem in navigation within cluttered environments: the feasible space partitioning in accordance with the distribution of obstacles. This methodology's core is the construction of a convex lifting which boils down to convex optimization. We cover both the mathematical foundations and the computational details of the implementation. Finally, we illustrate the concepts with geometrical examples, and we complement the study by further providing global feasibility guarantees and enhancing the effective control by operating at the strategical level
Khoder, Rami. "Etude de la mobilité et de la qualité de service des communications véhiculaires optiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASG045.
Texto completo da fonteThe thesis topic is a part of the global interest in wireless vehicular networks. Over the past decade, the number of road accidents has increased quickly with the growth of the automotive sector. Statistics have demonstrated that the high number of accidents on the road is primarily due to the high traffic density and the lack of information about other drivers' decisions. Recent studies have shown the importance of vehicular communications, which allow the exchange of real-time traffic safety information between vehicles and thus contribute to accidents avoidance.Through vehicular communication, known as vehicle-to-everything (V2X), which includes vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure, vehicles can exchange road safety and traffic management messages with low latency. Platoon formation is considered an interactive option that can improve V2X communication and ensure more safety. The vehicle platoon is defined as a group of vehicles following each other, moving in a straight line with a very short inter-vehicle space. Several vehicle platoon formation strategies have been defined in order to manage the platoon's lifetime and stability. However, none of these strategies has taken into account traffic congestion and speed constraints.The first objective of our work is to propose a new platoon formation algorithm called speed platoon splitting (SPS) where vehicles are grouped according to their destination (the leading vehicle has the farthest destination and the latest vehicle has the nearest destination). The main purpose of SPS is to target alleviating congestion by using a ticket pool and classify platoons according to their velocity in two different lanes. Performance analysis shows that SPS provides platoon stability and reduces highway congestion.V2X communications can be achieved via radio frequency (RF) technologies, especially the 802.11p standard. However, due to the accelerated growth in the number of devices, this technology suffers from several problems such as high latency and channel congestion. An alternative communication solution is provided by visible light communication (VLC). VLC is the usage of visible light as a wireless data transmission technique. VLC reduces complexity and cost, enables high precision positioning and increases network scalability and security.The second objective of this thesis tackles the performance of VLC in V2V among the platoon members. For this purpose, we considered two mathematical models validated by simulations for two different scenarios (we have taken an M/M/1 and an M/GI/1 queues for the first and the second scenarios respectively). The performance evaluations present a detailed study of the VLC in the presence of disruptive vehicles and they are used to derive computations of the Quality of Service parameters. The main conclusion drawn is that VLC technology is considered an efficient technique but it is affected by disruptive vehicles.The third objective of the thesis focuses on proposing a mechanism for vertical handover (VHO) between VLC and RF technologies. This objective is composed of two parts, the first one is based on the threshold value to make a vertical handover decision or by using machine learning techniques. The second part is to choose the appropriate technology after VHO using the utility function or the cooperative game.Throughout the thesis, the performance evaluation of the VLC is based on mathematical modelling. Moreover, the simulation is performed to validate this mathematical modelling
Jia, David. "Topological interference management in clustered ad hoc networks". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPAST162.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis addresses the problem of distributed interference management in clustered ad hoc networks under random fading channels. We assume that a cluster head (CH) is selected in each cluster to oversee transmissions, resource and time slots allocation.To operate a clustered ad hoc network, one needs to allocate a frequency band (FB) to each cluster. When the number of available FBs is greater or equal to the number of clusters, we can easily perform an orthogonal FB allocation, even in a distributed manner. However, for large deployments in practice, especially in military environments, the number of clusters is often much larger than the number of available FBs. While spatial FB reuse can be used in this case, if the network topology allows it, such a solution may not provide satisfactory performance in various scenarios (e.g. high cluster density), and other mechanisms are necessary.In this thesis, we consider that adjacent clusters can interfere between each other, and we propose to use an interference management technique based on the topological interference management (TIM) approach. The original TIM requires the knowledge of the interference graph of the network, i.e. determining for each receiver whether the interference caused by each other node is weak or strong in deterministic channels. Existing works have proposed to extend TIM in random channels by incorporating statistical channel state information (SCSI) in the algorithm.However, these solutions present poor performance since they achieve lower performance in terms of both sum rate and fairness than time-division multiple access (TDMA). Hence, in this context, the first contribution of this thesis is to improve the state-of-the-art by proposing another extension of TIM, that is referred to as enhanced TIM (eTIM) in this thesis. To this end, we provide a novel interference management method that combines eTIM with TDMA access and improves both the sum rate and the fairness.To apply this solution, we need to estimate the SCSI related to each link of the associated clusters. One trivial solution consists in applying TDMA, where each node transmits one after the other. In order to reduce the sensing duration, we propose two new scheduling solutions which use simultaneous transmissions and outperform TDMA. This constitutes the second contribution of this thesis.After the estimation phase, each node knows the SCSI related to the links from all the other nodes. To implement eTIM, the SCSI need to be shared between the two clusters. Thus, we investigated several dimensionality reduction methods, such as principal component analysis (linear) and autoencoder (non-linear), applied to the SCSI matrix in order to reducing the amount of signaling exchanges between clusters. This corresponds to the third contribution of this thesis
Ouafi, Rachid. "Analyse et contrôle des réseaux de trafic urbain par la méthode de Frank-Wolfe". Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066453.
Texto completo da fonteMichau, Gabriel. "Link Dependent Origin-Destination Matrix Estimation : Nonsmooth Convex Optimisation with Bluetooth-Inferred Trajectories". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEN017/document.
Texto completo da fonteOrigin Destination matrix estimation is a critical problem of the Transportation field since the fifties. OD matrix is a two-entry table taking census of the zone-to-zone traffic of a geographic area. This traffic description tools is therefore paramount for traffic engineering applications. Traditionally, the OD matrix estimation has solely been based on traffic counts collected by networks of magnetic loops. This thesis takes place in a context with over 600 Bluetooth detectors installed in the City of Brisbane. These detectors permit in-car Bluetooth device detection and thus vehicle identification.This manuscript explores first, the potentialities of Bluetooth detectors for Transport Engineering applications by characterising the data, their noises and biases. This leads to propose a new methodology for Bluetooth equipped vehicle trajectory reconstruction. In a second step, based on the idea that probe trajectories will become more and more available by means of new technologies, this thesis proposes to extend the concept of OD matrix to the one of link dependent origin destination matrix that describes simultaneously both the traffic demand and the usage of the network. The problem of LOD matrix estimation is formulated as a minimisation problem based on probe trajectories and traffic counts and is then solved thanks to the latest advances in nonsmooth convex optimisation.This thesis demonstrates that, with few hypothesis, it is possible to retrieve the LOD matrix for the whole set of users in a road network. It is thus different from traditional OD matrix estimation approaches that relied on successive steps of modelling and of statistical inferences