Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Convergence de processus de Markov"
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Lachaud, Béatrice. "Détection de la convergence de processus de Markov". Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010473.
Texto completo da fonteWang, Xinyu. "Sur la convergence sous-exponentielle de processus de Markov". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00840858.
Texto completo da fonteHahn, Léo. "Interacting run-and-tumble particles as piecewise deterministic Markov processes : invariant distribution and convergence". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UCFA0084.
Texto completo da fonte1. Simulating active and metastable systems with piecewise deterministic Markov processes (PDMPs): - Which dynamics to choose to efficiently simulate metastable states? - How to directly exploit the non-equilibrium nature of PDMPs to study the modeled physical systems? 2. Modeling active systems with PDMPs: - What conditions must a system meet to be modeled by a PDMP? - In which cases does the system have a stationary distribution? - How to calculate dynamic quantities (e.g., transition rates) in this framework? 3. Improving simulation techniques for equilibrium systems: - Can results obtained in the context of non-equilibrium systems be used to accelerate the simulation of equilibrium systems? - How to use topological information to adapt the dynamics in real-time?
Bouguet, Florian. "Étude quantitative de processus de Markov déterministes par morceaux issus de la modélisation". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S040/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe purpose of this Ph.D. thesis is the study of piecewise deterministic Markov processes, which are often used for modeling many natural phenomena. Precisely, we shall focus on their long time behavior as well as their speed of convergence to equilibrium, whenever they possess a stationary probability measure. Providing sharp quantitative bounds for this speed of convergence is one of the main orientations of this manuscript, which will usually be done through coupling methods. We shall emphasize the link between Markov processes and mathematical fields of research where they may be of interest, such as partial differential equations. The last chapter of this thesis is devoted to the introduction of a unified approach to study the long time behavior of inhomogeneous Markov chains, which can provide functional limit theorems with the help of asymptotic pseudotrajectories
Rochet, Sophie. "Convergence des algorithmes génétiques : modèles stochastiques et épistasie". Aix-Marseille 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX11032.
Texto completo da fonteBertoncini, Olivier. "Convergence abrupte et métastabilité". Phd thesis, Rouen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ROUES038.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of this thesis is to link two phenomena concerning the asymptotical behavior of stochastic processes, which were disjoined up to now. The abrupt convergence or cutoff phenomenon on one hand, and metastability on the other hand. In the cutoff case an abrupt convergence towards the equilibrium measure occurs at a time which can be determined, whereas metastability is linked to a great uncertainty of the time at which we leave some equilibrium. We propose a common framework to compare and study both phenomena : that of discrete time birth and death chains on N with drift towards zero. Under the drift hypothesis, we prove that there is an abrupt convergence towards zero, metastability in the other direction, and that the last exit in the metastability is the time reverse of a typical cutoff path. We extend our approach to the Ehrenfest model, which allows us to prove abrupt convergence and metastability with a weaker drift hypothesis
Bertoncini, Olivier. "Convergence abrupte et métastabilité". Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00218132.
Texto completo da fonteOn montre que sous l'hypothèse de dérive il y a convergence abrupte vers zéro et métastabilité dans l'autre sens. De plus la dernière excursion dans la métastabilité est la renversée temporelle d'une trajectoire typique de cutoff.
On étend notre approche au modèle d'Ehrenfest, ce qui nous permet de montrer la convergence abrupte et la métastabilité sous une hypothèse de dérive plus faible.
Tagorti, Manel. "Sur les abstractions et les projections des processus décisionnels de Markov de grande taille". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0005/document.
Texto completo da fonteMarkov Decision Processes (MDP) are a mathematical formalism of many domains of artifical intelligence such as planning, machine learning, reinforcement learning... Solving an MDP means finding the optimal strategy or policy of an agent interacting in a stochastic environment. When the size of this system becomes very large it becomes hard to solve this problem with classical methods. This thesis deals with the resolution of MDPs with large state space. It studies some resolution methods such as: abstractions and the projection methods. It shows the limits of some approachs and identifies some structures that may be interesting for the MDP resolution. This thesis focuses also on projection methods, the Least square temporal difference algorithm LSTD(λ). An estimate of the rate of the convergence of this algorithm has been derived with an emphasis on the role played by the parameter [lambda]. This analysis has then been generalized to the case of Least square non stationary policy iteration LS(λ)NSPI . We compute a performance bound for LS([lambda])NSPI by bounding the error between the value computed given a fixed iteration and the value computed under the optimal policy, that we aim to determine
Tagorti, Manel. "Sur les abstractions et les projections des processus décisionnels de Markov de grande taille". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0005.
Texto completo da fonteMarkov Decision Processes (MDP) are a mathematical formalism of many domains of artifical intelligence such as planning, machine learning, reinforcement learning... Solving an MDP means finding the optimal strategy or policy of an agent interacting in a stochastic environment. When the size of this system becomes very large it becomes hard to solve this problem with classical methods. This thesis deals with the resolution of MDPs with large state space. It studies some resolution methods such as: abstractions and the projection methods. It shows the limits of some approachs and identifies some structures that may be interesting for the MDP resolution. This thesis focuses also on projection methods, the Least square temporal difference algorithm LSTD(λ). An estimate of the rate of the convergence of this algorithm has been derived with an emphasis on the role played by the parameter [lambda]. This analysis has then been generalized to the case of Least square non stationary policy iteration LS(λ)NSPI . We compute a performance bound for LS([lambda])NSPI by bounding the error between the value computed given a fixed iteration and the value computed under the optimal policy, that we aim to determine
Gavra, Iona Alexandra. "Algorithmes stochastiques d'optimisation sous incertitude sur des structures complexes : convergence et applications". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30141/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe main topics of this thesis involve the development of stochastic algorithms for optimization under uncertainty, the study of their theoretical properties and applications. The proposed algorithms are modified versions of simulated an- nealing that use only unbiased estimators of the cost function. We study their convergence using the tools developed in the theory of Markov processes: we use properties of infinitesimal generators and functional inequalities to measure the distance between their probability law and a target one. The first part is concerned with quantum graphs endowed with a probability measure on their vertex set. Quantum graphs are continuous versions of undirected weighted graphs. The starting point of the present work was the question of finding Fréchet means on such a graph. The Fréchet mean is an extension of the Euclidean mean to general metric spaces and is defined as an element that minimizes the sum of weighted square distances to all vertices. Our method relies on a Langevin formulation of a noisy simulated annealing dealt with using homogenization. In order to establish the convergence in probability of the process, we study the evolution of the relative entropy of its law with respect to a convenient Gibbs measure. Using functional inequalities (Poincare and Sobolev) and Gronwall's Lemma, we then show that the relative entropy goes to zero. We test our method on some real data sets and propose an heuristic method to adapt the algorithm to huge graphs, using a preliminary clustering. In the same framework, we introduce a definition of principal component analysis for quantum graphs. This implies, once more, a stochastic optimization problem, this time on the space of the graph's geodesics. We suggest an algorithm for finding the first principal component and conjecture the convergence of the associated Markov process to the wanted set. On the second part, we propose a modified version of the simulated annealing algorithm for solving a stochastic global optimization problem on a finite space. Our approach is inspired by the general field of Monte Carlo methods and relies on a Markov chain whose probability transition at each step is defined with the help of mini batches of increasing (random) size. We prove the algorithm's convergence in probability towards the optimal set, provide convergence rate and its optimized parametrization to ensure a minimal number of evaluations for a given accuracy and a confidence level close to 1. This work is completed with a set of numerical experiments and the assessment of the practical performance both on benchmark test cases and on real world examples
Chotard, Alexandre. "Markov chain Analysis of Evolution Strategies". Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112230/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn this dissertation an analysis of Evolution Strategies (ESs) using the theory of Markov chains is conducted. Proofs of divergence or convergence of these algorithms are obtained, and tools to achieve such proofs are developed.ESs are so called "black-box" stochastic optimization algorithms, i.e. information on the function to be optimized are limited to the values it associates to points. In particular, gradients are unavailable. Proofs of convergence or divergence of these algorithms can be obtained through the analysis of Markov chains underlying these algorithms. The proofs of log-linear convergence and of divergence obtained in this thesis in the context of a linear function with or without constraint are essential components for the proofs of convergence of ESs on wide classes of functions.This dissertation first gives an introduction to Markov chain theory, then a state of the art on ESs and on black-box continuous optimization, and present already established links between ESs and Markov chains.The contributions of this thesis are then presented:o General mathematical tools that can be applied to a wider range of problems are developed. These tools allow to easily prove specific Markov chain properties (irreducibility, aperiodicity and the fact that compact sets are small sets for the Markov chain) on the Markov chains studied. Obtaining these properties without these tools is a ad hoc, tedious and technical process, that can be of very high difficulty.o Then different ESs are analyzed on different problems. We study a (1,\lambda)-ES using cumulative step-size adaptation on a linear function and prove the log-linear divergence of the step-size; we also study the variation of the logarithm of the step-size, from which we establish a necessary condition for the stability of the algorithm with respect to the dimension of the search space. Then we study an ES with constant step-size and with cumulative step-size adaptation on a linear function with a linear constraint, using resampling to handle unfeasible solutions. We prove that with constant step-size the algorithm diverges, while with cumulative step-size adaptation, depending on parameters of the problem and of the ES, the algorithm converges or diverges log-linearly. We then investigate the dependence of the convergence or divergence rate of the algorithm with parameters of the problem and of the ES. Finally we study an ES with a sampling distribution that can be non-Gaussian and with constant step-size on a linear function with a linear constraint. We give sufficient conditions on the sampling distribution for the algorithm to diverge. We also show that different covariance matrices for the sampling distribution correspond to a change of norm of the search space, and that this implies that adapting the covariance matrix of the sampling distribution may allow an ES with cumulative step-size adaptation to successfully diverge on a linear function with any linear constraint.Finally, these results are summed-up, discussed, and perspectives for future work are explored
Copros, Guillaume. "Stationnarité forte sur des graphes discrets ou quantiques". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30088/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn this thesis, we are interested in the notion of strong stationary time, and in that, strongly connected, of strong stationary dual. These tools allow to study the convergence of ergodic processes, by determining a random time when the equilibrium is reached. The state space of the considered processes are discrete or continuous graphs. In the first part, we consider the discrete case, and we explicit a necessary and sufficient condition to the existence, for any initial distribution, of a finite strong stationary time. To do so, we construct explicitly a strong stationary dual, with values in the set of connected subsets of the graph, which evolves at each step by adding or removing some points at its border. Whenever this operation separates the dual set in several parts, in order not to disconnect it, one of these parts is chosen randomly, with a probability proportionnal to its weight relative to the invariant distribution. We also study the general behaviour of any dual process,2 and we give some other examples. In the second part, we deal with the continuous case, and the studied process is then a diffuion. We caracterize its invariant distribution, and we explicit an infinitesimal generator, which is expected to be that of a dual process. Nevertheless, this case turns out to be a little more involved that the discrete one. The dual process is thus constructed only for a brownian motion on a particular graph, as the unique solution of a martingale problem. Some leads are given to solve the case of diffusions on more general graphs, especially by using the convergence of a sequence of jump processes such as those presented in the first part
Ganidis-Cochard, Hélène. "Convergence de semi-groupes de diffusion : amplitude et problème de Skorokhod". Nancy 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN10279.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis is divided in three independant parts. In first part is estimated the convergence rate of sorne semi-groups associated to diffusion processes to their invariant probability. Second part deals with the law of the range process for ultraspherical Markov chains and Bessel processes. Convergence of ultraspherical Markov chains to Bessel processes is first established. Then are evaluated Laplace transform and firts moment for the range inverse (firt passage time for the range process to a given level). Calculations are developped in the case of Bessel processes of dimension one and three. In third part are considered two classes of martingale: 1 - The class of right continuous left limited, uniformly integrable martingales, (Mt)t≥0, such that the law of (M0, M∞) is given. 2 - The class of right continuous left limited, uniformly intégrable martingales, (Mt)t≥0 such that the laws of M0 and M∞ are given. For each of these two kind of Skorokhod's problem, we construct an explicit brownian solution. These solutions are of great importance in maximal inequalies
Lopusanschi, Olga. "Chemins rugueux issus de processus discrets". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS074/document.
Texto completo da fonteThrough the present work, we hope to contribute to extending the domain of applications of rough paths theory by studying the convergence of discrete processes and thus allowing for a new point of view on several issues appearing in the setting of classical stochastic calculus. We study the convergence, first of Markov chains on periodic graphs, then of hidden Markov walks, in rough path topology, and we show that this change of setting allows to bring forward extra information on the limit using the area anomaly, which is invisible in the uniform topology. We want to show that the utility of this object goes beyond the setting of dierential equations. We also show how rough paths can be used to encode the way we embed a discrete process in the space of continuous functions, and that the limits of these embeddings dier precisely by the area anomaly term. We then define the iterated occupation times for a Markov chain and show using iterated sums that they form an underlying combinatorial structure for hidden Markov walks. We then construct rough paths using iterated sums and compare them to the classical construction, which uses iterated integrals, to get two dierent types of rough paths at the limit: the non-geometric and the geometric one respectively. Finally, we illustrate the computation and construction of the area anomaly and we give some extra results on the convergence of iterated sums and occupation times
Selig, Thomas. "Convergence de cartes et tas de sable". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0286/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis Thesis studies various problems located at the boundary between Combinatorics and Probability Theory. It is formed of two independent parts. In the first part, we study the asymptotic properties of some families of \maps" (from a non traditional viewpoint). In thesecond part, we introduce and study a natural stochastic extension of the so-called Sandpile Model, which is a dynamic process on a graph. While these parts are independent, they exploit the same thrust, which is the many interactions between Combinatorics and Discrete Probability, with these two areas being of mutual benefit to each other. Chapter 1 is a general introduction to such interactions, and states the main results of this Thesis. Chapter 2 is an introduction to the convergence of random maps. The main contributions of this Thesis can be found in Chapters 3, 4 (for the convergence of maps) and 5 (for the Stochastic Sandpile model)
Drozdenko, Myroslav. "Weak Convergence of First-Rare-Event Times for Semi-Markov Processes". Doctoral thesis, Västerås : Mälardalen University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-394.
Texto completo da fonteViano, Marie-Claude. "Quelques problèmes de statistiques dans les processus". Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112331.
Texto completo da fontePötzelberger, Klaus. "On the Approximation of finite Markov-exchangeable processes by mixtures of Markov Processes". Department of Statistics and Mathematics, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1991. http://epub.wu.ac.at/526/1/document.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteSeries: Forschungsberichte / Institut für Statistik
Arrar, Nawel Khadidja. "Problèmes de convergence, optimisation d'algorithmes et analyse stochastique de systèmes de files d'attente avec rappels". Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010067.
Texto completo da fonteYuen, Wai Kong. "Application of geometric bounds to convergence rates of Markov chains and Markov processes on R[superscript]n". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ58619.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteKaijser, Thomas. "Convergence in distribution for filtering processes associated to Hidden Markov Models with densities". Linköpings universitet, Matematik och tillämpad matematik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-92590.
Texto completo da fonteFisher, Diana. "Convergence analysis of MCMC method in the study of genetic linkage with missing data". Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2005. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=568.
Texto completo da fontePapamichail, Chrysanthi. "Estimation of dynamical systems with application in mechanics". Thesis, Compiègne, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016COMP2284.
Texto completo da fonteThe present dissertation is devoted to the statistical inference, bootstrap methods and multivariate analysis in the framework of semi-Markov processes. The main applications concern a mechanical problem from fracture mechanics. This work has a two-fold contribution. The first part concerns in general the stochastic modeling of the fatigue crack propagation phenomenon. A stochastic differential equation describes the degradation mechanism and the innate randomness of the phenomenon is handled by a perturbation process. Under the assumption that this process is a jump Markov (or semi-Markov) process, the reliability of the model is studied by means of Markov renewal theory and a new, faster, reliability calculus method is proposed with the respective algorithm. The method and the model for the Markov perturbation process are validated on experimental fatigue data. Next, the strong consistency of the least squares estimates of the model parameters is obtained by assuming that the residuals of the stochastic regression model are martingale differences into which the initial model function is transformed. In the second part of the manuscript, we have tackled the difficult problem of approximating the limiting distribution of certain non-parametric estimators of semi-Markov kernels or some functionals of them via the weighted bootstrap methodology in a general framework. Applications of these results on statistical problems such as the construction of confidence bands, the statistical tests, the computation of the p-value of the test are provided and the estimation of the generalized inverses
Martinez, Aguilera Servet. "Description ergodique des processus de Markov qui convergent vers l'équilibre associés aux k-systèmes". Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066242.
Texto completo da fonteCharlot, François. "Systèmes de files d'attente : stabilité, récurrence, convergence en loi et intégrabilité". Rouen, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ROUES033.
Texto completo da fonteLesquoy-de, Turckheim Élisabeth. "Tests non paramétriques et rééchantillonnage : le modèle de Cox périodique". Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112474.
Texto completo da fonteThe first part proposes two nonparametric test defined by a simulation. One compares two distributions functions in a two-by-two black design, the other tests the independence of two censored survival times. The second part is an adaptation of Cox's regression model to a counting process having a periodic underlying intensity and predictable processes as regressors. These processes are ergodic and ϕ-mixing. The underlying intensity is estimated using either an empirical distribution-type estimate or a histogram-type estimate. These two estimates are asymptotically Gaussian and equivalent, as well as the associated regression parameters estimates. Finally, the model is applied to the analysis of a feeding pattern. The third part is a. Modelling of the kinetics of drought rhizogenesis of Sinapis alba
Durmus, Alain. "High dimensional Markov chain Monte Carlo methods : theory, methods and applications". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLT001.
Texto completo da fonteThe subject of this thesis is the analysis of Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods and the development of new methodologies to sample from a high dimensional distribution. Our work is divided into three main topics. The first problem addressed in this manuscript is the convergence of Markov chains in Wasserstein distance. Geometric and sub-geometric convergence with explicit constants, are derived under appropriate conditions. These results are then applied to thestudy of MCMC algorithms. The first analyzed algorithm is an alternative scheme to the Metropolis Adjusted Langevin algorithm for which explicit geometric convergence bounds are established. The second method is the pre-Conditioned Crank-Nicolson algorithm. It is shown that under mild assumption, the Markov chain associated with thisalgorithm is sub-geometrically ergodic in an appropriated Wasserstein distance. The second topic of this thesis is the study of the Unadjusted Langevin algorithm (ULA). We are first interested in explicit convergence bounds in total variation under different kinds of assumption on the potential associated with the target distribution. In particular, we pay attention to the dependence of the algorithm on the dimension of the state space. The case of fixed step sizes as well as the case of nonincreasing sequences of step sizes are dealt with. When the target density is strongly log-concave, explicit bounds in Wasserstein distance are established. These results are then used to derived new bounds in the total variation distance which improve the one previously derived under weaker conditions on the target density.The last part tackles new optimal scaling results for Metropolis-Hastings type algorithms. First, we extend the pioneer result on the optimal scaling of the random walk Metropolis algorithm to target densities which are differentiable in Lp mean for p ≥ 2. Then, we derive new Metropolis-Hastings type algorithms which have a better optimal scaling compared the MALA algorithm. Finally, the stability and the convergence in total variation of these new algorithms are studied
Durmus, Alain. "High dimensional Markov chain Monte Carlo methods : theory, methods and applications". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLT001/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe subject of this thesis is the analysis of Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods and the development of new methodologies to sample from a high dimensional distribution. Our work is divided into three main topics. The first problem addressed in this manuscript is the convergence of Markov chains in Wasserstein distance. Geometric and sub-geometric convergence with explicit constants, are derived under appropriate conditions. These results are then applied to thestudy of MCMC algorithms. The first analyzed algorithm is an alternative scheme to the Metropolis Adjusted Langevin algorithm for which explicit geometric convergence bounds are established. The second method is the pre-Conditioned Crank-Nicolson algorithm. It is shown that under mild assumption, the Markov chain associated with thisalgorithm is sub-geometrically ergodic in an appropriated Wasserstein distance. The second topic of this thesis is the study of the Unadjusted Langevin algorithm (ULA). We are first interested in explicit convergence bounds in total variation under different kinds of assumption on the potential associated with the target distribution. In particular, we pay attention to the dependence of the algorithm on the dimension of the state space. The case of fixed step sizes as well as the case of nonincreasing sequences of step sizes are dealt with. When the target density is strongly log-concave, explicit bounds in Wasserstein distance are established. These results are then used to derived new bounds in the total variation distance which improve the one previously derived under weaker conditions on the target density.The last part tackles new optimal scaling results for Metropolis-Hastings type algorithms. First, we extend the pioneer result on the optimal scaling of the random walk Metropolis algorithm to target densities which are differentiable in Lp mean for p ≥ 2. Then, we derive new Metropolis-Hastings type algorithms which have a better optimal scaling compared the MALA algorithm. Finally, the stability and the convergence in total variation of these new algorithms are studied
Fritsch, Coralie. "Approches probabilistes et numériques de modèles individus-centrés du chemostat". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20062/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn the first part, we propose a new chemostat model in which the bacterial population is mass structured and individual-based and the substrate dynamics are modelized by an ordinary differential equation. We obtain a Markovian process which we describe as random measures. We determine, under a certain normalization of the process, a result of convergence in distribution towards the solution of a system of integro-differential equations. In the second part, we are interested in adaptive dynamic models of the chemostat. We add a mutation mechanism to the individual-based model which was studied in the first part. Under rare mutations and large population size hypotheses, the asymptotical result of the first part allows us to reduce the study of the mutant population to a growth-fragmentation-washout model in a constant environment. We study the extinction probability of this mutant population. We also describe the deterministic model related to the hybrid individual-based model with mutations and we compare these two approaches (stochastic and deterministic). In particular we prove that the two approaches lead to the same invasion criteria of a mutant population in a resident population.We present numeric simulations in order to illustrate the mathematical results
Izri, Nora. "Evaluation de performances des réseaux tout optiques à topologie en anneau". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VERS0014.
Texto completo da fonteThe increase in Internet traffic due to a sharp rise in requests for QoS (Quality of Service) by client applications, generates new constraints on the networks. These factors create a need in terms of bandwidth becoming higher, and a requirement to manage resources more efficiently. In this thesis, we evaluated the mechanisms of resources management in an all-optical ring using components OPADM (Optical Packet Add/Drop Multiplexer), offering a guarantee of QoS at the sub-wavelength. This ring can carry traffic from fixed and mobile networks. A study of fixed-mobile convergence at the physical layer was conducted. At our level, the fixed-mobile convergence results in the estimation of network capacity to support both fixed and mobile traffic, while meeting the QoS requirements of different traffic and operators. To achieve these goals, we proposed three approaches to convergence focusing on the need to separate fixed and mobile traffic in the electronics queuing or not, as well as the use of optical container traffic between fixed and mobile. These approaches have been studied by simulation. Our work has also focused on optical technology for dynamic reconfiguration of optical multiplexers as ROADM (Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer). Thus, we studied the optimization problem of end-to-end delay of electronic packets by proposing the channels aggregation approach, taking into account the QoS parameters. We have developed analytical and numerical models to validate this proposal
Martinez, Aguilera Servet. "Description ergodique des processus de Markov qui convergent vers l'équilibre associés aux K-systèmes". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37599488k.
Texto completo da fonteCastiel, Eyal. "Study of QB-CSMA algorithms". Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ESAE0038.
Texto completo da fontePerformance of wireless networks, in which users share the air as support for their communications is strongly limited by electromagnetic interference. That is, two users close to each other trying to send a message on the same frequency will experience interference between their messages, eventually leading to the loss of some information. It is then crucial to develop medium access protocols aiming to limit the occurrence of such a phenomena by choosing in an effective (and distributed) manner which station is allowed to transmit. From a scientific point of view, it is a difficult issue which has had some attention from the community in the field of computer science and applied probability in the past 30 years. Recently, a new class of medium access protocols - called adaptive CSMA - emerged and seem quite promising: for example, it has been shown that they exhibit a desirable property: throughput optimality (maximum stability). The goal of this project is to increase the knowledge we have the adaptive CSMA (or CSMA QB, for Queue Based) which is to this day quite limited (notably in the expected waiting time of a request arriving in the system, called delay). Our goal will be to prove theoric results to enhance our understanding of the throughput/delay trade-off
Jan, Christophe. "Vitesse de convergence dans le TCL pour des processus associés à des systèmes dynamiques et aux produits de matrices aléatoires". Rennes 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN10073.
Texto completo da fonteDoignon, Yoann. "Le vieillissement démographique en Méditerranée : convergences territoriales et spatiales". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3097.
Texto completo da fonteThe demographic transition upsets population balances worldwide. If population growth has been studied by demographers throughout the second half of the 20th century, ageing is an equally significant consequence of this demographic change. Nevertheless, studies demographic and geoprospective are not so many. In order to understand the observed changes, it seems appropriate to look beyond national borders for choose the level of sub-national territories. We study the future of Mediterranean societies' ageing in its dynamic dimension. The Mediterranean is an interesting laboratory because we found a great plurality of situations. To reach our goal, several challenges had to be overcome regarding the collection of data, their harmonization, their projection and analysis. For the whole Mediterranean area, we have collected and harmonized geo-demographic data to sub-national scales from many disparate sources. They were then used to establish future scenarios and projections for the next 50 years. Finally, we had to adapt methods from other disciplines (especially econometrics) to establish convergence of measures. We even propose news methods to answer our questions. The Ph.D. highlights the diversity of convergence proccess involved in the ageing populations of the Mediterranean. Territorial convergence and spatial convergence are taking part in the approximation of the regions' characteristics in terms of ageing. All the different scenarios analyzed describe future that highlight the global convergence of ageing but also remind that the observed heterogeneity in the spatial distribution of the phenomenon should last a long time and could strengthen locally
Collingwood, Jesse. "Path Properties of Rare Events". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31948.
Texto completo da fonteRibeiro, Thaís Saes Giuliani. "Processos de Markov discretos : exemplos voltados para o ensino médio /". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152301.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Neste trabalho, mostramos como construir um processo estocástico de Markov e seu espaço de probabilidade a partir das probabilidades de transição e da distribuição inicial. Além disso, mostramos a convergência das matrizes de transição utilizando como ferramenta conhecimentos de Álgebra Linear. A aplicação das cadeias de Markov num contexto voltado para o Ensino Médio é mostrado no último capítulo, onde procuramos oferecer aos alunos a oportunidade de ter uma visão mais ampla de como a Matemática pode ser aplicada em outras áreas do conhecimento.
In this work, we show how to construct a stochastic Markov process and its probability space from the transition probabilities and the initial distribution. In addition, we show to investigate the convergence of the transition matrices using Linear Algebra knowledge as a tool. Application of Markov chains in a context focused on High School, it is shown in the last chapter, where we try to offer the students the opportunity to have a view of how mathematics can be applied in other areas of knowledge.
Valois, Isabela da Silva. "PATHS OF CONVERGENCE OF AGRICULTURAL INCOME IN BRAZIL - AN ANALYSIS FROM MARKOV PROCESS OF FIRST ORDER FOR THE PERIOD 1996 TO 2009". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8110.
Texto completo da fonteThe Brazilian agricultural sector has made in the period of stabilization after the Real Plan (1996-2009) a satisfactory economic dynamics, in which the level of agricultural products began an upward trend and virtually uninterrupted growth. This performance suggests that state economies are undergoing a process of catching up, which in the long run there would be a tendency for poorer economies achieve the same level of economic growth (in terms of per capita agricultural GDP) of the richest economies, setting a process of convergence to steady state. Accordingly, this paper seeks to analyze the convergence of per capita agricultural income between the states of Brazil, making sure that the dynamics of the agricultural sector had contributed to the reduction of inequalities existing interstate. To this end, it was used the first-order Markov process. The results indicate the occurrence of movements backward economies to levels of income per capita agricultural lower, indicating that the economies under review showed a trend of impoverishment, despite the global economic growth presented by the sector over the period. Among the factors that led these economies to tread a path of impoverishment, one can cite the emphasis of public policy to export crops, not covered by all the federating units of the country, which would result in the strengthening of the state economies have developed, expense of which are under development; beyond the migration of manpower for the agricultural production centers in more developed agricultural, causing the "Red Queen Effect," in which the growth of agricultural GDP does not translate into growth of income per capita in the field. However, the focus of this study is to identify the occurrence of convergence / divergence, no inferences about the causes that led to the initiation of such a movement, since these factors make room for new studies that seek to investigate them, in order to provide tools for the formulation of agricultural policies aimed at minimizing or even reversal of the causes that lead to poverty in the countryside.
O setor agropecuÃrio brasileiro tem apresentado no perÃodo de pÃs estabilizaÃÃo do Plano Real (1996-2009) uma dinÃmica econÃmica satisfatÃria, em que o nÃvel de produto agropecuÃrio iniciou uma trajetÃria ascendente e praticamente ininterrupta de crescimento. Tal performance sugere que as economias estaduais estejam passando por um processo de catching up, em que no longo prazo existiria uma tendÃncia das economias mais pobres alcanÃarem o mesmo nÃvel de crescimento econÃmico (em termos de PIB per capita agropecuÃrio) das economias mais ricas, configurando um processo de convergÃncia no steady state. Eom efeito, este, trabalho busca analisar a convergÃncia da renda agropecuÃria per capita entre os estados do Brasil, verificando se a dinÃmica do setor agrÃcola teria contribuÃdo para a reduÃÃo das desigualdades interestaduais preexistentes. Para tal, fez-se uso do processo markoviano de primeira ordem. Os resultados apontaram a ocorrÃncia de movimentos de retrocesso das economias para nÃveis de renda per capita agropecuÃria inferiores, indicando que as economias em anÃlise apresentaram uma tendÃncia de empobrecimento, apesar do crescimento econÃmico global do setor ao longo do perÃodo. Dentre os fatores que levariam tais economias a trilharem uma trajetÃria de empobrecimento, pode-se citar a Ãnfase das polÃticas pÃblicas Ãs culturas de exportaÃÃo, nÃo contempladas por todas as unidades federativas do PaÃs, o que resultaria no fortalecimento das economias estaduais jà desenvolvidas, em detrimento das que se encontram em desenvolvimento; alÃm dos movimentos migratÃrios da mÃo-de-obra agropecuÃria para os centros produtores agrÃcolas mais desenvolvidos, causando o âEfeito Rainha Vermelhaâ, em que o crescimento do PIB agropecuÃrio nÃo se traduziria em crescimento das rendas per capita no campo. Contudo, o foco deste estudo consiste na identificaÃÃo da ocorrÃncia do processo de convergÃncia/divergÃncia, sem inferir sobre as causas que levariam ao desencadeamento de tal movimento, jà que tais fatores abrem espaÃo para novos estudos que busquem investigÃ-los, a fim de poder fornecer instrumentos de formulaÃÃo de polÃticas pÃblicas agropecuÃrias direcionadas à minimizaÃÃo ou mesmo reversÃo das causas que levam à pobreza no campo.
Helali, Amine. "Vitesse de convergence de l'échantillonneur de Gibbs appliqué à des modèles de la physique statistique". Thesis, Brest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BRES0002/document.
Texto completo da fonteMonte Carlo Markov chain methods MCMC are mathematical tools used to simulate probability measures π defined on state spaces of high dimensions. The speed of convergence of this Markov chain X to its invariant state π is a natural question to study in this context.To measure the convergence rate of a Markov chain we use the total variation distance. It is well known that the convergence rate of a reversible Markov chain depends on its second largest eigenvalue in absolute value denoted by β!. An important part in the estimation of β! is the estimation of the second largest eigenvalue which is denoted by β1.Diaconis and Stroock (1991) introduced a method based on Poincaré inequality to obtain a bound for β1 for general finite state reversible Markov chains.In this thesis we use the Chen and Shiu approach to study the case of the Gibbs sampler for the 1−D Ising model with three and more states which is also called Potts model. Then, we generalize the result of Shiu and Chen (2015) to the case of the 2−D Ising model with two states.The results we obtain improve the ones obtained by Ingrassia (1994). Then, we introduce some method to disrupt the Gibbs sampler in order to improve its convergence rate to equilibrium
Bounebache, Said Karim. "Équations aux dérivées partielles stochastiques avec un potentiel singulier". Phd thesis, Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066149.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis deals with some topics linked with interface model, ours aim is to find solution of some SPDE of parabolic type with singular potential. Firstly We study the motion of a random string in a convex domain O in R^d, namely the solution of a vector-valued stochastic heat equation, confined in the closure of O and reflected at the boundary of O. We study the structure of the reflection measure by computing its Revuz measure in terms of an infinite dimensional integration by parts formula. We prove extistence and uniqueness of a continuous strong solution. Our method exploits recent results on weak convergence of Markov processes with log-concave invariantmeasures. Secondly We consider a stochastic heat equation driven by a space-time white noise and with a singular drift, where a local-time in space appears. The process we study has an explicit invariant measure of Gibbs type, with a non-convex potential. We obtain existence of a Markov solution, which is associated with an explicit Dirichlet form. Moreover we study approximations of the stationary solution by means of a regularization of the singular drift or by a finite-dimensional projection. Finaly, we extend the previous methods for a SPDE in which the two types of singularity appear
Gonzalez, Karen. "Contribution à l’étude des processus markoviens déterministes par morceaux : étude d’un cas-test de la sûreté de fonctionnement et problème d’arrêt optimal à horizon aléatoire". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14139/document.
Texto completo da fontePiecewise Deterministic Markov Processes (PDMP's) have been introduced inthe literature by M.H.A. Davis as a general class of stochastics models. PDMP's area family of Markov processes involving deterministic motion punctuated by randomjumps. In a first part, PDMP's are used to compute probabilities of top eventsfor a case-study of dynamic reliability (the heated tank system) with two di#erentmethods : the first one is based on the resolution of the differential system giving thephysical evolution of the tank and the second uses the computation of the functionalof a PDMP by a system of integro-differential equations. In the second part, wepropose a numerical method to approximate the value function for the optimalstopping problem of a PDMP. Our approach is based on quantization of the post-jump location and inter-arrival time of the Markov chain naturally embedded in thePDMP, and path-adapted time discretization grids. It allows us to derive boundsfor the convergence rate of the algorithm and to provide a computable ε-optimalstopping time
Atamna, Asma. "Analysis of Randomized Adaptive Algorithms for Black-Box Continuous Constrained Optimization". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS010/document.
Texto completo da fonteWe investigate various aspects of adaptive randomized (or stochastic) algorithms for both constrained and unconstrained black-box continuous optimization. The first part of this thesis focuses on step-size adaptation in unconstrained optimization. We first present a methodology for assessing efficiently a step-size adaptation mechanism that consists in testing a given algorithm on a minimal set of functions, each reflecting a particular difficulty that an efficient step-size adaptation algorithm should overcome. We then benchmark two step-size adaptation mechanisms on the well-known BBOB noiseless testbed and compare their performance to the one of the state-of-the-art evolution strategy (ES), CMA-ES, with cumulative step-size adaptation. In the second part of this thesis, we investigate linear convergence of a (1 + 1)-ES and a general step-size adaptive randomized algorithm on a linearly constrained optimization problem, where an adaptive augmented Lagrangian approach is used to handle the constraints. To that end, we extend the Markov chain approach used to analyze randomized algorithms for unconstrained optimization to the constrained case. We prove that when the augmented Lagrangian associated to the problem, centered at the optimum and the corresponding Lagrange multipliers, is positive homogeneous of degree 2, then for algorithms enjoying some invariance properties, there exists an underlying homogeneous Markov chain whose stability (typically positivity and Harris-recurrence) leads to linear convergence to both the optimum and the corresponding Lagrange multipliers. We deduce linear convergence under the aforementioned stability assumptions by applying a law of large numbers for Markov chains. We also present a general framework to design an augmented-Lagrangian-based adaptive randomized algorithm for constrained optimization, from an adaptive randomized algorithm for unconstrained optimization
Wehbe, Diala. "Simulations and applications of large-scale k-determinantal point processes". Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I012/document.
Texto completo da fonteWith the exponentially growing amount of data, sampling remains the most relevant method to learn about populations. Sometimes, larger sample size is needed to generate more precise results and to exclude the possibility of missing key information. The problem lies in the fact that sampling large number may be a principal reason of wasting time.In this thesis, our aim is to build bridges between applications of statistics and k-Determinantal Point Process(k-DPP) which is defined through a matrix kernel. We have proposed different applications for sampling large data sets basing on k-DPP, which is a conditional DPP that models only sets of cardinality k. The goal is to select diverse sets that cover a much greater set of objects in polynomial time. This can be achieved by constructing different Markov chains which have the k-DPPs as their stationary distribution.The first application consists in sampling a subset of species in a phylogenetic tree by avoiding redundancy. By defining the k-DPP via an intersection kernel, the results provide a fast mixing sampler for k-DPP, for which a polynomial bound on the mixing time is presented and depends on the height of the phylogenetic tree.The second application aims to clarify how k-DPPs offer a powerful approach to find a diverse subset of nodes in large connected graph which authorizes getting an outline of different types of information related to the ground set. A polynomial bound on the mixing time of the proposed Markov chain is given where the kernel used here is the Moore-Penrose pseudo-inverse of the normalized Laplacian matrix. The resulting mixing time is attained under certain conditions on the eigenvalues of the Laplacian matrix. The third one purposes to use the fixed cardinality DPP in experimental designs as a tool to study a Latin Hypercube Sampling(LHS) of order n. The key is to propose a DPP kernel that establishes the negative correlations between the selected points and preserve the constraint of the design which is strictly confirmed by the occurrence of each point exactly once in each hyperplane. Then by creating a new Markov chain which has n-DPP as its stationary distribution, we determine the number of steps required to build a LHS with accordance to n-DPP
Cloez, Bertrand. "Comportement asymptotique de processus avec sauts et applications pour des modèles avec branchement". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00862913.
Texto completo da fonteBarois, Brice. "Créativité, attractivité et développement économique des territoires européens". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUL2001.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis delivers a comparative analysis on the wealth, the creativity, the connectivity and the residential attractiveness of the European territories. In a first chapter, the hierarchy of regional wealth in the European Union over the period 2000-2015 is analyzed, focusing on the dynamics of the distribution of GDP per capita of the 276 European regions identified at the NUTS 2 level. Using econometric models, it shows that the European structural mechanisms don’t lead to a process of convergence of GDP per capita. The catch-up mechanisms have proved ineffective and we are witnessing a polarization of performances that we characterize as the two-speed Europe ... The second chapter, for the period 2006-2013, studies the direct and indirect impact of the creative and cultural industries on the wealth of European regions. It shows that when spatial autocorrelation effects are considered, the impacts of these industries on the wealth of European regions are more contrasted and may, in some cases, widen disparities. The third chapter focuses on residential migration in metropolitan France. By analyzing residential migration between the French employment areas, this work shows that young people (aged 15-29) migrate more than the rest of the population. The more an individual is a graduate, single and renter, the more likely he is to migrate. At the same time, the characteristics of location territories influence the migration decisions of individuals. Young people prefer to move to connected territories, where creative employment is present and where unemployment rate is low
Barois, Brice. "Créativité, attractivité et développement économique des territoires européens". Thesis, Toulon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUL2001/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis delivers a comparative analysis on the wealth, the creativity, the connectivity and the residential attractiveness of the European territories. In a first chapter, the hierarchy of regional wealth in the European Union over the period 2000-2015 is analyzed, focusing on the dynamics of the distribution of GDP per capita of the 276 European regions identified at the NUTS 2 level. Using econometric models, it shows that the European structural mechanisms don’t lead to a process of convergence of GDP per capita. The catch-up mechanisms have proved ineffective and we are witnessing a polarization of performances that we characterize as the two-speed Europe ... The second chapter, for the period 2006-2013, studies the direct and indirect impact of the creative and cultural industries on the wealth of European regions. It shows that when spatial autocorrelation effects are considered, the impacts of these industries on the wealth of European regions are more contrasted and may, in some cases, widen disparities. The third chapter focuses on residential migration in metropolitan France. By analyzing residential migration between the French employment areas, this work shows that young people (aged 15-29) migrate more than the rest of the population. The more an individual is a graduate, single and renter, the more likely he is to migrate. At the same time, the characteristics of location territories influence the migration decisions of individuals. Young people prefer to move to connected territories, where creative employment is present and where unemployment rate is low
Brooks, Stephen Peter. "Convergence diagnostics for Markov Chain Monte Carlo". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363913.
Texto completo da fontePan-Yu, Yiyan. "Spectres de processus de Markov". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004959.
Texto completo da fonteBen, Alaya Mohamed. "Les théorèmes ergodiques en simulation". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523186.
Texto completo da fonteBackåker, Fredrik. "The Google Markov Chain: convergence speed and eigenvalues". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Matematisk statistik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-176610.
Texto completo da fonteGravereaux, Jean-Bernard. "Calcul stochastique et processus de Markov". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37613974b.
Texto completo da fonte