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1

Thomas, Sylvain. "Contrôle sélectif des états rovibrationnels sous champ laser intense par passage adiabatique optimisé". Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOS049.

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Landry, Jean-François. "Planification optimale discrète et continue : un joueur de billard autonome optimisé". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6681.

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Le sujet de Thèse de ce doctorat consiste en l'élaboration de méthodes pour la planification dans les domaines avec aspects continus, discrets et stochastiques. Cette classe de problème, bien qu'assez générale, ne comporte pas pour l'instant de solution efficace et est souvent traitée de façon discrète plutôt que continue afin d'y appliquer les approches existantes. L'aspect stochastique apporte une difficulté supplémentaire à la recherche d'un plan optimal, et rend le problème d'autant plus intéressant. L'ensemble des approches et méthodes proposées dans cette Thèse sont avant tout appliquées au jeu du billard, tout en gardant dans l'esprit qu'une généralisation permettrait son application à d'autres problèmes similaires. En un premier lieu, une classification de ce type de problème par rapport aux recherches existantes sera effectuée, suivie d'une courte revue des approches actuelles possiblement applicables pour la recherche d'une solution acceptable. Un modèle général développé dans le contexte du jeu du billard sera présenté, ainsi que quelques indices sur la façon de le résoudre à l'aide de la programmation dynamique. Deuxièmement, un modèle pour une approche à deux-couches sera proposé, utilisant un contrôleur robuste profitant de la finesse qui peut être exploitée des techniques d'optimisation non-linéaire. Finalement, le modèle à deux-couches sera raffiné et quelques heuristiques de planifications seront proposée, afin de guider le contrôleur de façon à déterminer un plan efficace. On terminera à l'aide d'une synThèse des résultats et une discussion sur les perspectives futures.
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3

Saez, de ibarra martinez de contrasta Andoni. "Dimensionnement et contrôle-commande optimisé des systèmes de stockage énergétique pour la participation au marché de l'électricité des parcs photovoltaïques intelligents". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT057/document.

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L’objet de cette thèse est l’intégration des parcs photovoltaïques intelligents au marché de l’électricité dans un environnement de libre concurrence. Les centrales photovoltaïques intelligentes sont celles qu’incluent systèmes de stockage pour réduire sa variabilité et en plus fournir à l’ensemble une plus grande contrôlabilité. Ces objectives techniques sont obtenues grâce à la capacité bidirectionnelle d’échange et stockage d’énergie qu’apportent les systèmes de stockage, dans ce cas, les batteries. Pour obtenir la rentabilité maximale des systèmes de stockage, le dimensionnement doit être optimisé en même temps que la stratégie de gestion avec laquelle le système de stockage est commandé. Dans cette thèse, une fois la technologie de stockage plus adapté à l’application photovoltaïque est sélectionnée, à savoir la technologie de lithium-ion, une participation innovatrice de part des parcs photovoltaïques intelligents dans le marché de l’électricité est proposée qui optimise à la fois le dimensionnement et la stratégie de gestion d’une manière simultanée. Ce processus d'optimisation ainsi que la participation au marché de l'électricité a été appliquée dans un cas d’étude réel, ce qui confirme que cette procédure permet de maximiser la rentabilité économique de ce type de production
The present PhD deals with the integration of intelligent photovoltaic (IPV) power plants in the electricity markets in an environment subject to free competition. The IPV power plants are those that include energy storage systems to reduce the variability and to provide the entire group a controllability increase. These technical objectives are obtained thanks to the bidirectional exchanging and storing capability that the storage system contributes to, in this case, battery energy storage system (BESS). In order to obtain the maximum profitability of the BESS, the sizing must be optimized together with the control strategy that the BESS will be operated with. In the present PhD, once the most performing battery energy storage technology has been selected, the lithium-ion technology, an innovative IPV power plant electricity market participation process is proposed which optimizes both the sizing and the energy management strategy in the same optimization step. This optimization process together with the electricity market participation has been applied in a real case study, confirming that this procedure permits to maximize the economic profitability of this type of generation
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Abdayem, Anthony. "Stratégies de contrôle optimisées pour les convertisseurs multiniveaux modulaires (MMCs) connectés au réseau basse tension". Electronic Thesis or Diss., CY Cergy Paris Université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024CYUN1301.

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Le convertisseur modulaire multiniveaux (MMC) s'est imposé comme l'une des topologies les plus prometteuses pour les applications à moyenne et haute tension ainsi qu'à haute puissance. Récemment, il a également montré son potentiel pour des applications nécessitant de faibles tensions, appelées mini MMCs, qui contiennent un plus petit nombre de sous-modules par bras. Les caractéristiques clés des MMCs incluent la modularité, l'évolutivité en tension et en puissance, la tolérance aux pannes, le fonctionnement sans transformateur et des formes d'onde de sortie de haute qualité. Ces dernières années, de nombreuses études de recherche ont été menées pour aborder les défis techniques liés au fonctionnement, au contrôle et à la topologie des MMCs.L'une des applications les plus importantes des MMCs se trouve dans les systèmes connectés au réseau. Ces convertisseurs offrent l'avantage de réduire les harmoniques de courant et de tension sans avoir besoin de composants passifs encombrants. De plus, les MMCs se révèlent fiables grâce à leur structure, qui leur permet de continuer à fonctionner même en cas de défaillance d'un ou plusieurs interrupteurs de puissance. Cependant, leur contrôle est complexe en raison du grand nombre de configurations de commutation, nécessitant des algorithmes de contrôle sophistiqués. Cette thèse se concentre sur la mise en œuvre de techniques de contrôle avancées pour améliorer les performances des MMCs. Elle vise à explorer les MMCs, à améliorer les structures de puissance existantes pour de nouvelles applications, et à accroître l'efficacité et la fiabilité grâce à des techniques de conception de contrôle et de modulation. La recherche explore également le contrôle des MMCs à l'aide de méthodes de contrôle prédictif modélisées (MPC) innovantes.Plus précisément, cette thèse comprend une série d'études abordant les défis et améliorant les performances des MMCs dans diverses applications. Le premier ensemble d'études porte sur une nouvelle conception de contrôle pour les MMCs, permettant le contrôle séparé des tensions des condensateurs dans les bras supérieur et inférieur. La recherche cible également les MMCs monophasés, permettant le contrôle en conditions de déséquilibre de puissance entre les bras supérieur et inférieur. De plus, l'étude traite des techniques de modulation et d'équilibrage de tension. Une nouvelle technique de modulation, la technique de modulation intégrale (IM), une avancée par rapport à la technique de modulation au niveau le plus proche (NLM), est introduite. Un nouvel algorithme de tri est également proposé pour améliorer l'efficacité des MMCs en réduisant le nombre de commutations par seconde pour les techniques de modulation existantes telles que NLM, IM et PWM.La recherche s'étend également à l'exploitation en tolérance aux pannes dans les MMCs triphasés, proposant une méthode qui injecte des courants circulants harmoniques de fréquence et de courant continu pour maintenir le fonctionnement en cas de défaillance d'un bras. Une contribution importante consiste à développer un algorithme de contrôle prédictif modélisé à ensemble fini à horizon unique (FCS-MPC) pour les MMCs monophasés, qui surpasse les méthodes traditionnelles en termes de commutations, de qualité des formes d'onde de courant de réseau et de variation des tensions des condensateurs. Six algorithmes FCS-MPC pour les MMCs sont introduits, offrant des perspectives sur leurs performances par rapport à un schéma de contrôle en cascade classique. La thèse se termine par une configuration innovante pour un convertisseur à ponts en H en cascade (CHB), conçu pour l'intégration des énergies renouvelables, démontrant son efficacité à travers des simulations
The modular multilevel converter (MMC) has emerged as one of the most promising topologies for medium- to high-voltage, high-power applications. Recently, it has also shown potential for applications requiring low voltages, known as mini MMCs, which contain a smaller number of submodules per arm. Key features of MMCs include modularity, voltage and power scalability, fault tolerance, transformer-less operation, and high-quality output waveforms. In recent years, numerous research studies have been conducted to address the technical challenges associated with MMC operation, control, and topology.One of the most significant applications for MMCs is in grid-connected systems. These converters offer the advantage of reducing current and voltage harmonics without the need for bulky passive components. Moreover, MMCs demonstrate reliability due to their structure, which enables them to continue operating even if one or more power switches fail. However, their control is complex due to the numerous switching configurations, necessitating sophisticated control algorithms. This thesis focuses on implementing advanced control techniques to enhance MMC performance. It aims to explore MMCs, improve existing power structures for novel applications, and increase efficiency and reliability through control design and modulation techniques. The research also investigates controlling MMCs using novel Model Predictive Control methods.Specifically, this thesis comprises a series of investigations addressing challenges and enhancing MMC performance across various applications. The first set of studies focuses on a new control design for MMCs, allowing separate control of capacitor voltages in the upper and lower arms. The research also targets single-phase MMCs, enabling control under unbalanced power conditions between the upper and lower arms. Additionally, the study addresses modulation and voltage balancing techniques. A new modulation technique, the Integral Modulation Technique, an advancement of the Nearest Level Modulation Technique, is introduced. A novel sorting algorithm is also proposed to enhance MMC efficiency by reducing the number of commutations per second for existing modulation techniques such as NLM, IM, and PWM.The research extends to fault-tolerant operation in three-phase MMCs, proposing a method that injects DC and frequency harmonic circulating currents to sustain operation in the event of a faulty arm. A significant contribution involves developing a single-horizon finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) algorithm for single-phase MMCs, which outperforms traditional methods in terms of commutations, grid current waveform quality, and capacitor voltage variance. Six FCS-MPC algorithms for MMCs are introduced, offering insights into their performance compared to a classic cascaded control scheme. The thesis concludes with a novel configuration for a Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) converter designed for renewable energy integration, demonstrating effectiveness through simulations.In summary, this thesis presents a comprehensive exploration of MMCs, addressing control challenges, fault tolerance, modulation techniques, and innovative configurations for renewable energy integration. The findings contribute to advancing MMC technologies in various applications
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Passeira, Andrea Verónica Vaz. "Stress laboral na PSP". Master's thesis, Escola Superior de Ciências Empresariais, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/4007.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Segurança e Higiene no Trabalho
O presente Estudo foi aplicado a profissionais da polícia do Comando Metropolitano de Lisboa da PSP. O objectivo principal subjacente a este trabalho foi proceder à análise da problemática do stress, nos profissionais da PSP que constituem a nossa amostra. Para tal, a metodologia utilizada consistiu na aplicação de um conjunto de Questionários, designadamente, “Fontes de Stress”, “Sintomas de Stress”, “Estratégias de Coping”, “Empenho Organizacional”, “Locus de Controlo”, “Optimismo”, e por último os dados Sócio-demográficos. O Questionário “Fontes de Stress”, comporta três dimensões de análise: “Falta de Recursos”, “Problemas Organizacionais e Interpessoais” e “Stressores Policiais”. O Questionário “Sintomas de Stress” é composto, igualmente, por três dimensões de análise: “Fadiga Física”, “Esgotamento Cognitivo” e “Exaustão Emocional”. O Questionário “Estratégias de Coping” inclui duas dimensões: “Evitamento” e “Coping Activo”. O Questionário “Locus de Controlo” envolve, igualmente, duas dimensões: “Locus de Controlo Externo” e “Locus de Controlo Interno”. Os restantes Questionários, são unidimensionais. Os resultados obtidos, permitiram verificar que a dimensão das “Fonte de Stress” mais pontuada pelos inquiridos, corresponde aos “Stressores Policiais” e, ao nível dos “Sintomas de Stress”, a dimensão com mais incidência é a “Fadiga Física”. No que concerne às “Estratégias de Coping” mais utilizadas pelos polícias, estas correspondem a Estratégias de “Coping Activo”. Os resultados também demonstraram que, em termos médios, os polícias apresentam um “Empenho Organizacional” moderado, onde a maioria manifesta a predominância de um tipo de “Locus de Controlo Interno” e que se consideram Optimistas. Este estudo comportou ainda a análise das correlações entre o conjunto das subescalas, bem como a análise da influência de variáveis sócio-demográficas sobre as restantes variáveis em análise.
This study was applied to professional police officers from Lisbon's Metropolitan Police (PSP). The main objective of this study was to examine the issue of stress on the PSP professionals that constitute our sample. To this end, the methodology consisted of a set of Questionnaires, namely "Sources of Stress", "Symptoms of Stress", "Coping Strategies”, “Organizational Commitment", "Locus of Control", "Optimism" and finally the socio-demographic data. The Questionnaire "Sources of Stress” comprises three dimensions of analysis: "Lack of Resources", "Interpersonal and Organizational Issues" and "Police Stressors”. The Questionnaire "Symptoms of Stress" is composed equally of three dimensions: "Physical Fatigue", "Cognitive Exhaustion" and "Emotional Exhaustion”. The Questionnaire "Coping Strategies" includes two dimensions: "Avoidance" and "Active Coping". The Questionnaire "Locus of Control" involves also two dimensions: "External Locus of Control" and "Internal Locus of Control”. The remaining questionnaires are unidimentional. The results reflected the view that the police respondents most punctuated dimension of “Source of Stress" is “Police Stressors", and at the level of “Symptoms of Stress”, the dimension with the highest incidence is “Physical Fatigue". With regard to "Coping Strategies" used by most police departments, these strategies correspond to "Active Coping". The results also showed that on average, the police have a moderate "Organizational Commitment", where the most expresses the predominance of one type of "Internal Locus of Control" and are considered Optimistic. This study also focuses the analysis of correlations between all the subscales, as well as analysis of the influence of socio-demographic variables on other variables in the analysis.
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6

Florescu, Adrian. "Gestion optimisée des flux énergétiques dans le véhicule électrique". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00798937.

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Ce travail a trait à la gestion des flux énergétiques électriques au sein du réseau embarqué d'un véhicule électrique. Les éléments constitutifs de la chaîne électrique ont été d'abord modélisés à des fins de commande et de simulation. Il est visé ici la minimisation du stress des batteries au plomb via une hybridation avec des supercondensateurs. Deux familles de lois de commande ont été conçues et développées, à savoir des lois de type " fréquentielles " et des lois optimales de type " Linéaires Quadratiques Gaussiennes ". Un banc de test temps réel hybride a été architecturé afin de tester ces lois. Ce banc de test a pour noyau deux simulateurs temps réel (RT-LAB et dSPACE). Une partie de la chaîne de puissance est soit émulée par des sources contrôlées ou réalisée via des maquettes à échelle réduite mais à facteur de similitude respecté. Les essais sur le banc de test ont permis d'obtenir des résultats satisfaisants et encourageants qui corroborent la théorie.
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Jia, Ning. "Conception conjointe optimisée de lois de contrôle et d'ordonnancement". Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00369354.

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Le cadre de ce travail est l'étude coordonnée de lois de contrôle et d'ordonnancement. Le premier objectif est de proposer et évaluer une approche de contrôle de la dégradation de la Qualité de Contrôle (QdC) par rejet sélectif d'instances de tâches ou de messages selon le
modèle (m,k)-firm. Plus particulièrement, nous avons étudié l'impact de distribution de rejets sur la QdC d'une boucle de contrôle et, sur la base des résultats obtenus, nous avons spécifié une méthode de co-conception permettant de déterminer les paramètres (gain) optimaux de la loi de contrôle et les paramètres de la contrainte (m,k)-firm spécifiant le rejet sélectif d'instances. Cette proposition a été validée sur modèles à l'aide de techniques analytiques, par simulation ainsi que grâce à des expérimentations. Notre deuxième objectif est d'étudier le problème de l'ordonnancement d'un ensemble de tâches temps réel réalisant chacune les algorithmes de contrôle dans une application centralisée évolutive. Nous proposons un mécanisme d'ordonnancement qui ajuste en ligne les contraintes
(m,k)-firm des tâches suivant la configuration courante de l'application de manière à ce qu'un critère reflétant la performance globale de l'application soit optimal à tout instant.
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Jia, Ning. "Conception conjointe optimisée de lois de contrôle et d'ordonnancement". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL004N.

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Le cadre de ce travail est l’étude coordonnée de lois de contrôle et d’ordonnancement. Le premier objectif est de proposer et évaluer une approche de contrôle de la dégradation de la Qualité de Contrôle (QdC) par rejet sélectif d’instances de tâches ou de messages selon le modèle (m,k)-firm. Plus particulièrement, nous avons étudié l’impact de distribution de rejets sur la QdC d'une boucle de contrôle et, sur la base des résultats obtenus, nous avons spécifié une méthode de co-conception permettant de déterminer les paramètres (gain) optimaux de la loi de contrôle et les paramètres de la contrainte (m,k)-firm spécifiant le rejet sélectif d’instances. Cette proposition a été validée sur modèles à l’aide de techniques analytiques, par simulation ainsi que grâce à des expérimentations. Notre deuxième objectif est d'étudier le problème de l'ordonnancement d'un ensemble de tâches temps réel réalisant chacune les algorithmes de contrôle dans une application centralisée évolutive. Nous proposons un mécanisme d'ordonnancement qui ajuste en ligne les contraintes (m,k)-firm des tâches suivant la configuration courante de l'application de manière à ce qu’un critère reflétant la performance globale de l'application soit optimal à tout instant
In this thesis, we study a coordinated approach for the design of control laws and scheduling parameters. The first objective is to propose and evaluate a technique to control the degradation of the quality of control (QoC) by selectively rejecting task or message instances according to the (m,k)-firm model. More specifically, we have studied the impact of the (m,k)-firm packet dropout policy on the QoC of a control loop. Based on the obtained results, we have specified a co-design method for determining the parameters (gain) of the optimal control law and the (m,k)-firm constraint specifying the selective rejet of instances. This proposal was validated by using analytical techniques, simulation and experimentation activities. The second objective is to address the scheduling problem of a set of real-time tasks where each task implements a control law in a centralized scalable application. We proposed a scheduling mechanism which determines on line, according to the current system configuration, a (m,k)-constraint based scheduling strategy to apply to each task so that the criterion reflecting the overall performance of the application is optimal at all times
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Adam, Rosalind. "Development of an intervention to optimise cancer pain control". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=236453.

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Introduction: Cancer incidence and prevalence rates are increasing and pain is the most frequent complication of cancer. Cancer pain can have detrimental effects on a patient's social function, mood, and quality of life. Pain is the most frequent symptom to prompt unscheduled medical care in patients with established cancer, and is an important reason for hospitalisation. There are aspects of cancer pain management which involve potentially modifiable patient and healthcare professional behaviours. Patients can have problems reporting pain, communicating about pain with healthcare professionals, using medications effectively, and getting help when problems arise. Healthcare professionals do not always assess pain adequately or prescribe optimally. The aim of this project was to develop an intervention to support patients and professionals in improving cancer pain control. Methods: An Intervention Mapping (IM) approach was taken to intervention development. Current challenges of managing cancer pain and potential solutions were investigated through systematic literature review and qualitative investigations with patients, caregivers, and professionals. The systematic literature review investigated whether patient reported measurements of pain could be collected and fed back to patients and/or healthcare professionals to improve cancer pain management, and described the components of such interventions. Medline, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases were searched from inception to identify randomised and non-randomised controlled trials. Titles, abstracts, and full text articles were dual screened, and assessed independently for risk of bias according to the Cochrane criteria by two researchers. Meta-analysis was performed for studies which reported changes in pain intensity on a zero to ten point scale, and a narrative synthesis was conducted. Qualitative semi-structured interviews with patients with cancer pain, their caregivers, and healthcare professionals and focus groups with healthcare professionals investigated current approaches to cancer pain management, and the challenges and problems experienced. Potential solutions and intervention ideas were explored, along with perceived opportunities for digital technologies to enhance cancer pain management. Qualitative data were analysed using a combination of Framework and thematic analysis. Existing literature and findings from the original qualitative research were used to model the problem, and through the Intervention Mapping approach; behaviour change theory was systematically applied to produce a digital intervention. Prototypes were pre-tested with professional stakeholders. Macmillan nurses recruited patients (with or without a caregiver) from their caseload who had cancer pain and were using strong opioids to provide early indications about the feasibility of the intervention. Nurses also recruited the patient's GP. Patients were invited to interact with the app over a four week period. Weekly patient analgesic and symptom reports were sent to their GP and nurse. At least one consultation with their Macmillan nurse was scheduled in which patient reported data could be discussed. Patients were interviewed by telephone on a weekly basis and all participants were interviewed at the conclusion of the study. All qualitative enquiries were analysed using a combination of Framework and thematic analysis. Patient generated symptom report data were analysed descriptively. Results: Literature review: Twenty nine reports of 22 unique trials of 20 interventions were included in the review. Patient reported outcome measures were used in four main ways: (1) to provide reports about pain and related symptoms to professionals (with the intention of increasing professional awareness of unrelieved symptoms); (2) to tailor patient education about self-management strategies and how to communicate about pain; (3) to prompt contact between a patient and professional when pain is above a set threshold; and (4) to link pain treatments to the severity of pain experienced by the patient via algorithmic management guidelines. Meta-analysis of 12 trials showed that average pain intensity was reduced by half a point out of ten in intervention group participants compared to controls. This result was statistically significant, mean difference -0.59 (95% CI -0.87, -0.30). Qualitative investigations with key stakeholders: Interviews were held with 14 patients, including six with their caregivers present. All patients had locally advanced or metastatic cancer. Nineteen multidisciplinary professionals took part in interviews (15 face to face and four telephone interviews), and 12 took part in one of two focus groups. Themes were organised within two categories: 'the work of managing cancer pain and its context', and 'digital tools to help with this work'. Patients gave accounts of cancer and cancer-related pain as burdensome conditions. Complete alleviation of pain was not the main goal for most patients. Pain was considered alongside functional and activity goals, overall symptom burden, and medication side effects. Professionals recognised patients' individual goals to varying extents. Most patients were regularly using digital technologies. Patients had ideas for digital pain management tools as sources of information and knowledge, to help with medicines management (particularly for reminders and prompts), and as symptom monitoring tools which could stimulate help-seeking. A key concern for all participants was that digital tools should add value over paper resources, should be simple to use, and that data presented were brief and easy to interpret. The intervention and results of early feasibility testing: A digital app was developed to help patients on strong opioids achieve personal treatment goals. The app includes a short film about pain and symptom management, and links to telephone/web-based help. The app allows easy recording of short-acting analgesic doses, linked algorithmically to help-screens. A weekly diary asks about pain, side effects, function, and medication adherence. The digital diary contains novel measures of pain, including a question about the level at which pain becomes bothersome to the individual patient. App reports are automatically shared with linked professionals so that feedback can be given. Recruiting patients with advanced symptomatic cancer was difficult. The app was feasibility tested with two patients, their linked GPs, and Macmillan nurses. Electronic patient reports were shared with linked healthcare professionals using secure NHS email. Professionals found patient reports thought-provoking. Reports were used to inform clinical encounters, and seemed to promote a shared understanding of patient symptom management goals. Conclusions: A digital intervention has been developed using a rigorous, theory-based methodological approach. There are early indications that the intervention could promote patient centred care and shared decision making in patients with cancer pain. Lessons have been learned about recruiting patients with symptomatic cancer, and the intervention is ready to be tested on a larger scale.
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Puel, Benoît. "Conception de traducteurs et techniques multi-éléments optimisés pour le contrôle non destructif ultrasonore". Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112106.

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Le contrôle non destructif par ultrasons vise à détecter et dimensionner des défauts à l'intérieur, ou à la surface de structures mécaniques à l'aide d'échographies. La mise en œuvre d'un tel contrôle peut se révéler complexe, en particulier lorsqu'on utilise la technologie multiéléments. Elle s'appuie sur des capteurs formés par un réseau d'éléments pilotés électroniquement indépendamment, lui conférant ainsi de nombreux avantages en termes d'adaptabilité et de polyvalence. Cependant, elle présente aussi le risque de générer des artéfacts, appelés lobes de réseau, nuisibles aux performances du contrôle. Pour s'affranchir de ces problèmes, en particulier lors de la phase de conception du contrôle, en termes de design et de pilotage du capteur, les experts s'appuient généralement sur les logiciels de simulation, tels que la plateforme CIVA développée au sein du CEA LIST. Le travail de thèse présenté propose d'automatiser ces études paramétriques, qui peuvent se révéler longues et délicates, à l'aide d'un outil d'optimisation. Celui-ci a été construit en connectant un algorithme évolutionniste avec les modules de simulation des contrôles non destructifs de CIVA. De plus, l'algorithme a été étendu pour prendre en compte des contraintes, définir une précision sur les variables, et résoudre des problèmes multi-objectifs. Une attention particulière a été portée sur la réduction du nombre de paramètres de réglage afin de rendre cet outil accessible à des utilisateurs ne maîtrisant pas les modèles d'optimisations. Afin de valider la procédure d'optimisation mise en œuvre, trois familles de paramètres influant les performances du contrôle par ultrasons ont été traitées. Ainsi, les paramètres de découpe de la pastille émettrice du capteur, puis ceux définissant sa position et son déplacement, et enfin ceux précisant les réglages électroniques ont été optimisés pour des configurations de contrôle. Les résultats ainsi obtenus mettent en évidence l'intérêt d'un tel outil, capable de fournir des résultats performants pour un temps de calcul raisonnable
Ultrasonic non destructive testing aims to detect and sizing defects inside, or at the surface, of a mechanical structure using echograms. The design of this inspection can be complex, especially when phased-array techniques are used. These techniques, based on probes made of an array of separately driven elements, have many advantages regarding adaptability and versatility. Nevertheless, they also present risks to generate artefacts, called grating lobes, adverse to the inspection. To solve these problems, especially for the step of the design of inspections, experts usually rely on simulation software, such as the CIVA platform which is developed by the CEA LIST. The presented PhD works propose to automate these parametric studies, since can be both fastidious and complex: using an optimization tool. It has been built by connecting an evolutionary algorithm to simulation modules of CIVA. Moreover, the algorithm has been extended to take into account constraints, to define accuracy of the variables then to solve multi-objective problems. Particular attention has been paid on the reduction of the number of tuning parameters in order to make this tool available to end-users who do not master the models of optimization. To validate the proposed optimization procedure, three kinds of parameters, which have an influence on the performances of inspections, have been handled. Then, probe parameters of arrays design, those defining its position and displacement and those specifying electronic settings, have been optimized for a number of inspections. The results obtained underline the relevance of the tool as able to provide suitable results in a reasonable computational time
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11

Yeomans, Kenneth Alfred. "Time optimised position control with motion constraints". Thesis, University of London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429193.

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Wattrus, Mark. "Optimised combustion control for different diesel fuels". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5455.

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13

Karlsson, Magdalena, e Jessica Segerbrant. "Orealistisk optimism och upplevd kontroll : Studenters bedömningar av risker". Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-8321.

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Tidigare forskning har visat att människor överskattar chanserna för att positiva händelser ska inträffa dem och underskattar riskerna för att negativa händelser ska inträffa dem jämfört med genomsnittet. Detta kallas orealistisk optimism (OO). En faktor som påverkar detta är grad av upplevd kontroll. Studiens huvudsakliga syfte var att undersöka sambanden mellan upplevd kontroll och OO. I en enkätstudie undersöktes OO och upplevd kontroll för diverse händelser. Deltagarna fick t ex svara på hur sannolikt det är att de utsattes för vissa händelser jämfört med genomsnittet. Händelserna var bl a hälsorelaterade. Deltagarna var studenter från en högskola i Mellansverige, 18 män och 109 kvinnor. OO uppstod för alla händelser utom två. Det fanns vissa samband mellan OO och upplevd kontroll. Nytt med studien är att vissa händelser som i tidigare undersökningar skattats som okontrollerbara i själva verket kan upplevas som delvis kontrollerbara. Sambanden mellan OO och upplevd kontroll bör vidare undersökas.

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14

Worsham, Scott L. "The Effects of Perceived Locus of Control and Dispositional Optimism on Chronic Pain Treatment Outcomes". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4676/.

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The financial cost for health care and lost productivity due to chronic pain has been estimated at over $70 billion per year. Researchers have attempted to discover the psychosocial and personality factors that discriminate between people who learn to cope well with chronic pain and those who have difficulty adjusting. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of perceived locus of control and dispositional optimism on chronic pain treatment outcomes. Subjects reported significantly lower post-treatment pain levels as compared with pre-treatment levels (M = 0.66, SD = 1.58), t(45) = 2.85, p = .007 (two-tailed), but decreased pain was not associated with scores on the internality dimension of the Pain Locus of Control Scale (PLOC) or on the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) (a measure of dispositional optimism). Overall, participants' increased coping ability was associated with scores on the LOT-R, but not with scores on the internality dimension of the PLOC. Subjects with the lowest pre-treatment scores on the LOT-R demonstrated significantly greater increases in post-treatment coping ability than those with the highest scores (F(2,40) = 3.93, p < .03). Participants with the highest pre-treatment scores on both the PLOC internality dimension and the LOT-R demonstrated greater post-treatment coping ability (F(2,32) = 4.65, p < .02), but not less post-treatment pain than other subjects. Participants' post-treatment LOT-R scores were significantly higher than their pre-treatment scores (M = 2.09, SD = 3.96), t(46) = 3.61, p = .001 (two-tailed), but post-treatment PLOC internality scores were not significantly higher than pre-treatment scores. Implications of these results are discussed.
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Imbert, Jean-Paul. "Adaptation du design des visualisations de type supervisions pour optimiser la transmission des notifications classées par niveau d’intérêt". Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ESAE0055/document.

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Le contrôle aérien rentre dans une phase de profondes mutations liées à l’augmentation du trafic età l’évolution des outils permettant d’assurer le service. L’augmentation du nombre d’avions gérés parle contrôleur implique un nombre beaucoup plus important qu’auparavant d’informations à traiter etmémoriser ; or une part importante des causes d’incidents est déjà due à des problèmes de perception et demémorisation des informations amplifiées par la taille des écrans de contrôle. Ceux-ci sont particulièrementcritiques dans le cas de la perception des alarmes et des avertissements donnés par le système surla visualisation radar. Le design actuel de ce type d’alertes en France qui n’utilise que la couleur, faitaujourd’hui débat et il a été recommandé dans un bulletin de sécurité aérienne de le faire évoluer. Laperception des informations nécessaires à l’établissement d’une bonne conscience de la situation aériennedes contrôleurs est au centre de cette thèse. L’objet principal de ce travail est d’améliorer la conscience dela situation des contrôleurs en s’assurant que les éléments pertinents à leur disposition dont les alarmessont perçus dans des délais conformes à leur importance et que les actions nécessaires qui en découlentsont bien réalisées. Pour répondre à cette problématique, notre travail s’est porté sur deux axes. Le premierconsiste à étudier la tâche des contrôleurs de façon à analyser les informations nécessaires à la réalisationde certains objectifs et proposer un agent de suivi de la tâche qui pourrait les épauler. Le second porte surla perception des notifications, plus particulièrement en vision périphérique, et la conception de designspropres à améliorer leur perception ainsi que l’étude de leur impact sur la réalisation de la tâche. Grâceà une approche holistique basée sur l’utilisation d’un micro-monde ATC (Laby) et l’utilisation de capteursphysiologiques, nous avons pu évaluer plusieurs designs de notifications. Deux expérimentations ont étéconduites, la première utilisant de l’oculométrie, visait à mesurer le pouvoir attentionnel de cinq designs etleur impact sur la réalisation de la tâche. La seconde, en utilisant des données neurophysiologiques, visaità mesurer l’impact de deux designs sur la charge de travail. Les designs évalués ont servi à concevoir unsystème de notification intégré dans une nouvelle supervision radar qui a été couplé à l’agent de suivi dela tâche. La dernière expérimentation conduite durant ces travaux avait pour objectif d’évaluer l’impact decette nouvelle position de contrôle dont le design est orienté conscience de la situation sur la détection deproblèmes critiques. Les résultats obtenus montrent l’intérêt de ces nouveaux outils et leur impact positifsur la réalisation de la tâche des contrôleurs ainsi que la nécessité d’évaluer dans un contexte expérimentalcontrôlé les caractéristiques des designs de notifications pour les visualisations de supervision
Air traffic control is undergoing a great change due to the increase of traffic and the evolution of thecontrol tools. The greater number of aircrafts managed by the controller implies a much greater load ofinformation to deal with and memorize than before. A significant part of accidents’ causes is already dueto the problem of information perception and memorization which is worsened by the size of the controlscreens which are particularly critical concerning the perception of alarms and warnings displayed onthe radar image. The current design in France of those types of alerts which rely on color is controversialand an Aviation Safety bulletin recommended it should be improved. The perception of informationcontributing to a satisfactory situation awareness by the air traffic controllers is central to this thesis whichaims at making sure alarms and relevant information are detected early enough and according to prioritiesand that the corresponding actions are actually performed. To answer the issue at stake our first work focusdealt with the study of the controllers’ task so as to analyze the required information in order to achievecertain objectives and provide a task monitoring agent that could support them. The second work focusdealt with the notifications perception, more specifically in the peripheral vision and the conception ofdesigns such as to improve their perception and the study of their impact on the performance of the task.Thanks to a holistic approach based on the use of an ATC microworld (Laby) and the use of physiologicalsensors we managed to assess several notification designs. Several experiments have been conducted,one using eye-tracking aimed at measuring attention capacity of five designs and their impact on theperformance of the task. The second used neurophysiologic data and aimed at measuring the impact oftwo designs on the work load. The assessed designs enabled to conceive a notification system integratedin a new radar supervision together with the task monitoring agent. The last experiment conducted in thecourse of this work aimed at measuring the impact of this new position of control whose design is situationawareness oriented, on the detection of critical problems. The obtained results show the relevance ofthese new tools and their positive impact on the performance of the task by controllers as well as the needto assess, in a controlled experimental context, the characteristics of notification designs for supervisionvisualization
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Viot, Hugo. "Modélisation et instrumentation d'un bâtiment et de ses systèmes pour optimiser sa gestion énergétique". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0349/document.

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Dans un contexte de raréfaction des énergies à bas coût et de lutte contre le changement climatique, le secteur du bâtiment est contraint à des objectifs de diminution de ses consommations d'énergie. Un contrôle adapté des systèmes énergétiques du bâtiment peut constituer un levier important pour tendre vers cet objectif. Le but premier de ces travaux est la construction de modèles de faibles dimensions afin de pouvoir les embarquer dans un contrôleur pour améliorer la gestion énergétique. Ces modèles doivent être capables de s’enrichir des mesures disponibles sur site. Un bâtiment démonstrateur situé à l'Institut Universitaire de Technologie Génie Civil Construction Durable de Bordeaux sert de support au projet. Ce travail se décline en quatre volets. Le premier concerne la modélisation puisque des modèles légers basés sur l'analogie électrique et la représentation d'état sont proposés afin de décrire la dynamique du bâtiment sur un horizon de contrôle de quelques jours. Le deuxième volet concerne l'instrumentation du bâtiment puisque des campagnes de mesures courtes sont réalisées afin d'identifier les valeurs des paramètres du modèle de façon à minimiser l'écart modèle-mesure. Certains capteurs servent par la suite pour la gestion énergétique du bâtiment ; ces travaux posent donc également la question du jeu minimal de capteurs. Le troisième volet concerne la caractérisation des systèmes servant à piloter l'ambiance puisque dans une logique de contrôle optimal il faut être capable de relier l'effet de la commande sur la grandeur d'intérêt (température de confort). Le bâtiment démonstrateur comprend deux systèmes de chauffage : un plancher chauffant et des ventilo-convecteurs ainsi qu'une centrale de traitement d'air double flux pour le renouvellement d'air. Le dernier volet concerne la gestion énergétique avec l'utilisation d'un contrôleur prédictif embarquant l'un des modèles identifiés. Ainsi l’objectif est de chercher à anticiper le pilotage d'un système capacitif à long temps de réponse, tel que le plancher chauffant, grâce à la connaissance des perturbations futures (occupation, météo) sur un horizon de prédiction de quelques heures. Un contrôle réactif est assuré par les ventilo-convecteurs en appoint. La gestion prédictive est comparée à des stratégies de gestion plus classiques en simulation et in situ avec le bâtiment démonstrateur. L'originalité de ces travaux est de proposer une démarche pour la mise en place d'une boucle de contrôle complète (contrôleur/capteur /actionneurs) et de montrer s'il existe un intérêt à la gestion prédictive de systèmes à long temps de réponse dans le domaine du bâtiment
The building sector is forced to reduce its energy consumption in a context of high energy prices and global warming. Proper control of building energy systems can be an important lever to move towards this goal. The main goal of this work is to obtain small size buildings models in order to use it in a controller to improve energy management. The inputs of these models are fed in real-time with available measurements on site. A demonstration building at the IUT Civil Engineering and Sustainable Construction of Bordeaux serves as experimental support for the project. This work consists of four parts. The first one is to make lightweight models based on the electrical analogy and state-space representation to describe the dynamics of the building on upcoming days. The second part concerns the instrumentation of the building because short measurement campaigns are carried out to identify the model parameter values to minimize the gap between model output and measurement. Some sensors are then used for energy management of the building; thus this work also raise the question of the minimum set of sensors. The third address the characterization of the systems used to control air temperature. For an optimal control logic we must be able to link the effect of the command on the interest variable (air temperature). The demonstration building includes two heating systems : floor heating system (FHS) and fan coil units (FC). A dual flow air handling unit (AHU) is used for air renewal. The last part concerns energy management with the use of a predictive controller boarding one of the identified models. This project intends to anticipate the control of long time response capacitive systems as floor heating through knowledge of future disturbances on a prediction horizon of a few hours (occupation, weather). A reactive control is ensured by the fan coil units. Predictive management is compared to more conventional management strategies in simulation and on-site with the demonstrator building. The originality of this work is to propose a method for the establishment of a full control loop (controller/sensor/actuator) and demonstrate an interest in the predictive management of long response time systems in the building sector
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Donoso, Parot Martín. "Rediseño del Proceso de Planificación y Control Estratégico en OPTIMISA S.A". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2008. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/101964.

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Libbrecht, Christophe. "Contrôleur évolutif et optimisé pour les miroirs déformables ferrofluidiques dans le cadre de l'optique adaptative". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25943.

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L’optique adaptative est une technologie s’intégrant de plus en plus à de nombreuses applications, de la capture d’images astronomiques à la transmission de données en télécommunication, tout en passant, par exemple, par l’amélioration des diagnostics en ophtalmologie. Son atout principal réside dans un miroir déformable lui permettant d’améliorer un signal dégradé par des perturbations. Il existe une grande variété de miroirs déformables. Certains ont une surface continue ; d’autres sont segmentés. Toute une batterie de techniques sont employées pour déformer et contrôler leur surface : des systèmes hydrauliques, piézoélectriques, électrostatiques et magnétiques ont été développés au fil des dernières années. Les derniers nés durant cette évolution technologique sont les miroirs ferrofluidiques. Les miroirs ferrofluidiques ont de nombreux points forts. Outre leur faible coût de conception, ils ont la capacité de fournir de grandes amplitudes (de l’ordre du millimètre) de déformation sous l’influence d’une combinaison de champs magnétiques. Ces miroirs sont développés et étudiés au sein des laboratoires du COPL à l’université Laval. Ils sont l’objet principal sur lequel s’appliquera le présent travail. Actuellement, le nombre sans cesse croissant des actionneurs oblige le développement de méthodes optimales de contrôle. Selon le domaine d’application, une image ou un signal capté nécessitera une dizaine, voire plusieurs centaines de corrections par seconde. Il est donc important que les calculs se fassent rapidement. D’autre part, ce nombre croissant d’actionneurs amène la question de la meilleure stratégie à suivre pour le contrôle optimal de la surface du miroir. Doit-on se restreindre à l’utilisation d’un unique contrôleur ou, au contraire, à en multiplier leur nombre au point que chaque actionneur possédera son propre contrôleur ? Quelle que soit la stratégie déployée, la phase de calibration est une étape clé. Pour un contrôleur en optique adaptative, elle est assez simple même si elle s’avère parfois longue lors de la recherche des paramètres optimaux. Quelle est la meilleure méthode pour calibrer le contrôleur ? Une calibration automatisée est-elle envisageable ? Peut-on espérer que le contrôleur évolue et s’adapte si les conditions ambiantes changent et cela sans intervention humaine ? Plus en avant, les questions suivantes concernent la mise en application de la stratégie : est-elle aisément applicable ? Sous quelles conditions ? Y aura-t-il des limitations ? Si oui, sont-elles significatives ? Sont-elles insurmontables ? Le présent travail tente de répondre à ces questions dans le cadre du contrôle de miroirs ferrofluidiques, quel que soit le contexte de l’utilisation d’un tel miroir. L’objectif final est de développer un contrôleur évolutif et optimal capable de gérer un système équipé aussi bien de quelques dizaines d’actionneurs que de plusieurs centaines, et s’ajustant de lui-même aux conditions environnementales sans cesse en évolution.
Adaptive optics is an evolving technology and integrated part of many applications. Its contributions extend from the astronomical imaging to the data transmission in telecommunications domain including the improvement of ophthalmologic diagnostics. Its main asset consists of its deformable mirrors and, thus, its ability to correct a signal degraded by random perturbations. There are many kinds of deformable mirrors. These with a continuous surface and also with several segments. A great variety of methods exists to control the surface geometry: hydraulics, piezoelectric, electrostatic and magnetic systems have been developed in the last years. The most recent creation in adaptive optics is the ferrofluidic mirror. The ferrofluidic mirrors have many advantages. First, their manufacturing cost is very low. Moreover, a simple combination of magnetic fields is required to modify the shape of their surface and can give strong amplitudes of deformation (about millimeter). These mirrors are developed and studied in the COPL laboratory of Université Laval where they are the main target of the actual work. Nowadays the constant increasing number of actuators decrees the development of optimized methods to control deformable mirrors. A captured image or signal can require from some tens to several hundreds of Hertz to be corrected. The calculations must be at their fastest. On other hand, the increasing number of actuators raises a question about what strategy to deploy for getting the best control on the surface of deformable mirrors. Do we use a single controller for all the actuators? Or on the contrary do we need to equip each actuator with a dedicated controller? For any chosen strategy, the most important step is the calibration phase. In adaptive optics, this procedure is quite simple even though it sometimes takes a long time for finding the optimized parameters. What is the best method to calibrate a controller? Is an automatic calibration possible? Can we develop an evolving controller able to adapt to environmental variations without human action. There is some interrogation about the best way to apply th strategy. Can it be more efficient? Are there any limitations? If so, can we solve them? The subject of this document is to answer the previous questions regarding ferrofluidic mirrors. The final purpose of this work is to develop an evolving and optimized controller able to manage systems with several tens as well as several hundreds of actuators and, also, adapt itself to variations of surrounding conditions.
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19

Ziouani, Islam. "Commande hiérarchique optimisé pour les générateurs distribuées dans les microréseaux intelligents". Thesis, CY Cergy Paris Université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CYUN1083.

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Ce travail porte sur le développement d'un schéma de commande optimisé pour la gestion de la puissance générée par les générateurs distribués hétérogènes et les sources d'énergie renouvelable constituant un microrésau intelligent.Un microrésau est un système énergétique distribué associant des sources d'énergie renouvelables et des générateurs distribués, ainsi que des charges locales. Il peut échanger de l'électricité avec le réseau électrique et peut fonctionner de manière autonome.L'utilisation idéale d'un microrésau consiste à alimenter des régions ou des sites éloignés dans l'incapacité d'accéder au réseau public. En outre, les exploitants d’entreprises s’intéressent davantage à l’utilisation des microréseaux pour la production d’électricité, en raison de leur durabilité, de leur fiabilité et de leur rentabilité.Les générateurs distribués tels que les dispositifs de stockage d'énergie et les générateurs diesel sont des générations contrôlables qui peuvent ajuster leur puissance de sortie en fonction des besoins de la charge, tandis que les sources d'énergie renouvelable telles que les éoliennes et les panneaux photovoltaïques sont des générations non contrôlables qui exploitent leur puissance maximale.En ce sens, nous avons proposé une solution basée sur une approche hiérarchique composée de trois niveaux : interne, primaire et secondaire. Cette solution est capable de contrôler les générateurs distribués dans un microréseau pour alimenter les consommateurs locaux sans aucune interruption et pour échanger une puissance avec le réseau électrique tout en exploitant au maximum l’énergie renouvelables.La commande interne est responsable de la régulation de la tension de sortie de chaque générateur distribué, basée sur une commande en cascade et un contrôleur à résonance proportionnelle. La commande primaire génère la tension de référence de la commande interne dont le rôle principal est de coordonner les générateurs distribués de manière décentralisée afin de partager la demande de puissance active et de puissance réactive entre eux. La commande secondaire compense l'écart de tension par rapport aux valeurs nominales et synchronise la tension du microréseau avec le réseau principal pour une transition en douceur
This work focuses on the development of an optimized control scheme for managing the power generated by heterogeneous distributed generators (DGs) and renewable energy sources (RESs) that constituting a smart microgrid.A microgrid is a distributed energy system that gathering a combination of renewable energy sources and distributed generators, as well as local loads. It can exchange power with the utility grid, and it can operate autonomously. The ideal use of a microgrid is to supply remote regions or locations that are unable to access the public grid. Moreover, utility operators become more interested in using microgrids for producing electricity due to their sustainability, reliability, and cost-effective.The DGs such as energy storage devices and diesel generators are dispatchable generations that can adjust their output power according to the load needs, whereas, the RESs such as wind turbines and photovoltaic panels are non-dispatchable generations which are used to exploit their maximum power.In this sense, we have proposed a solution based on the hierarchical approach that consists of three levels, inner, primary and secondary. This solution is able to control DGs in a hybrid microgrid for supplying continuously the local consumers without any interruption and for exchanging a smooth power with the utility grid while exploiting the maximum power from the renewables.The inner control is responsible to regulate the output voltage of each distributed generator which is based on cascaded control and Proportional-resonant controller.The primary control generates the reference voltage of the inner control which its principal role is to coordinate the distributed generators in a decentralized manner to share the active and the reactive power demand among them.The secondary control compensates the voltage deviation toward the nominal values as well as it synchronizes the microgrid voltage with the main grid for a smooth transition
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Knox, Oliver Gimli Gunning. "Exploiting nitrate respiration to optimise antagonistic control of root disease in soil". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2000. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU602312.

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In soils of high matric potential, low oxygen conditions often develop that favour disease development by many soil-borne plant pathogens. The introduction of a third party, or biocontrol agent, to suppress disease development would require that the agent remains metabolically active under such conditions. In the rhizosphere, plant roots not only supply carbon as an electron donor but cause a localised lowering of oxygen concentrations, conditions favourable for nitrate respiration. The effect of the addition of nitrate on the activity of antagonistic strains of Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens and P. corrugata was studied in vitro on agar plates, but no significant (P 0.05) quantitative effect was observed . A sealed plate method, using aerobic, anoxic, and anaerobic conditions with 0, 1, 2.5, 5, 10 and 100mM nitrate concentrations was investigated using the B. subtilis strains. This assay tested the activity of antifungal volatiles (AFV) produced by the bacteria. The results indicated that nitrate led to an increased AFV production and/or activity against fungal pathogens under anoxic conditions with nitrate at or above 10 mM. To investigate root colonisation and the establishment of biocontrol colonies in the rhizosphere, lux marking of the biocontrol bacterial strains was undertaken. The transformed bioluminescent B. subtilis strains lost the ability to antagonise the test fungi on agar plates. This loss of antagonism appeared to be due to luciferase utilising metabolites involved in antibiosis and producing a low, but significantly different (P ?0.05) from background and parental strains level of luminescence. The effects of nitrate on a soil based biocontrol system were studied in greenhouse trials. Unfortunately, disease failed to develop, and the effects of the addition of nitrate could not be assessed. The potential involvement of nitrate in maintaining certain biocontrol aspects under conditions that favour pathogen attack seems likely from in vitro based studies. The removal of the antagonistic phenotype, from lux marked B. subtilis strains, raised questions as to the suitability of luciferase for use in this system and highlighted the need for careful monitoring and screening of genetically modified organisms.
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Tani, Fatima. "Periodic control of multi-specific bioreactors in order to optimize their performances". Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS058.

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Les contributions de ce travail sont présentées en deux parties. Nous considérons d’abord un problème de contrôle optimal périodique régi par un système dynamique scalaire, linéaire par rapport à la variable de contrôle satisfaisant une contrainte intégrale. Nous présentons des conditions suffisantes permettant de déduire l’existence d’un sur-rendement qui consiste à améliorer le critère à l’équilibre associé un contrôle constant ū en considérant un contrôle périodique u avec une valeur moyenne égale à ū. Nous utilisons le Principe de Maximum de Pontryagin pour conclure la synthèse optimale périodique satisfaisant la contrainte intégrale. Nous montrons le rôle important des hypothèses de la convexité et de la monotonie des données. Ces résultats sont appliqués au modèle du chémostat où l’objectif est d’améliorer la qualité de l’eau en considérant un débit périodique sous contrainte intégrale sur la quantité totale d’eau à traiter. Nous démontrons également une propriété de dualité permettant de considérer un deuxième problème dit dual, où l’on cherche un débit périodique qui maximise la quantité d’eau à traiter sur une période et pour laquelle, la valeur moyenne en substrat doit respecter un seuil. En se basant sur ces résultats, nous avons proposé un algorithme robuste permettant de distinguer entre deux types de cinétiques et qui combine entre des opérations stationnaires et périodiques. Dans un autre contexte, nous montrons comment garantir la résilience dans le modèle de chemostat en présence d’une espèce envahissante, dans un sens faible que nous définissons. Nous construisons une fonction débit qui varie au cours du temps et qui permet à l’espèce native de revenir au-dessus d’un seuil fixé, un nombre infini de fois, sans éradiquer l’espèce envahissante. Avec cette fonction, nous montrons que le temps passé par l’espèce native au-dessus du seuil est infini, on dit alors qu’elle est "faiblement résiliente". Nous prouvons ainsi qu’il existe une solution périodique unique du système associée à cette fonction faiblement résiliente et on conjecture que toute autre solution converge asymptotiquement vers cette solution périodique. Enfin, nous montrons que cela peut être réalisé avec un contrôle hybride qui ne nécessite pas une connaissance parfaite des caractéristiques de croissance des espèces
The contributions of the thesis are in two parts. We first consider a periodic optimal control problem governed by a one-dimensional system, linear with respect to the control variable and satisfying an integral constraint. We give sufficient conditions for over-yielding that consists inimproving the criterion at steady state with a constant control ū by considering a periodic control u with average value equal to ū. We use Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle to provide the optimal synthesis of periodic strategies satisfying the integral constraint. Convexity and monotonicity assumptions are playing a crucial role. Theses results are applied to the chemostat model where the goal is to improve the averaged water quality using periodic removal rate under integral constraint on the total amount of water to be treated. We prove also a duality property allowing to consider a dual problem, which consists in improving the total quantity of treated water over a given time period, compared to steady-state, by considering periodic operation under integral constraint on the water quality. Based on these results, we proposed a robust algorithm that distinguishes between two types of kinetics and combines stationary and periodic operations.In another context, we show how resilience in the chemostat model in presence of a species invader can be guaranteed in a weak sense. We give aconstruction of a time varying removal rate allowing the resident speciesto come back above a fixed threshold, an infinite number of times, eventhough the invader can never be totally eradicated. With this control, weshow that the time spent by the resident species above the threshold is ofinfinite measure, and thus the control is said to be "weakly resilient". Weshow that there exists an unique periodic solution of the system associatedwith such a time-varying removal rate and conjecture that any other trajectory converges asymptotically to this periodic solution. Finally, we show that this can be achieved by a hybrid feedback controller based on very few knowledge on the growth characteristics of the species
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22

Zozaya, Carole. "Déterminants des trajectoires de détresse pendant la première année qui suit l'annonce d'un cancer primitif ou récidivant". Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR21811/document.

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Introduction. La détresse émotionnelle est inhérente au parcours du patient à qui l’on annonce un cancer primitif ou récidivant. Cette étude a deux objectifs fondamentaux : (1) identifier différentes trajectoires de détresse de patients présentant un cancer et (2) identifier et étudier les déterminants de ces trajectoires de détresse émotionnelle de ces patients de l’annonce d’un cancer primitif ou d’une récidive et durant les neuf mois de traitement qui suiventMéthode. 286 patients ont été évalués un mois, 3, 6 et 9 mois après le diagnostic de cancer. Les variables de personnalité (névrosisme et l'optimisme) et les variables transactionnelles (contrôle perçu, coping, le soutien social et qualité de la relation) ont été mesurées. La détresse psychologique a été évaluée avec l’HAD.Résultats. Quatre trajectoires de détresse émotionnelle ont été identifiées : une trajectoire « résiliente » (40.1%) qui présente un niveau de détresse émotionnelle bas qui se maintient durant les neuf mois qui suivent l’annonce, une trajectoire « différée » (37.63%) qui présente un niveau de détresse émotionnelle bas, qui tend à augmenter légèrement et de façon linéaire durant les trois premiers mois et restent stable et inférieur aux seuils au-delà, une trajectoire « récupérante » (19.58%) qui présente un niveau de détresse émotionnelle significatif qui tend à augmenter légèrement et de façon linéaire durant les trois premiers mois et restent stables au-delà et une trajectoire « chronique » (2.77%) qui présente une détresse élevée et constante. S’il apparaît que ce soit davantage les variables de personnalité qui distinguent les trajectoires « résiliente » et « chronique », ce serait la profondeur du soutien social qui différencierait particulièrement les trajectoires « détresse différée » et « récupérante », engendrant le recours à des stratégies de coping différentes. Cependant, cette étude n’a pas pu mettre en évidence de résultats significatifs concernant la variable « sentiment de contrôle ».Conclusion. Nos résultats semblent soutenir l’idée que des personnes, confrontées à des événements de vie stressants, isolés et potentiellement très perturbateurs comme le diagnostic de cancer primitif ou récidivant, parviendraient à maintenir des niveaux de fonctionnements psychologique et physique relativement stables et sains. Cependant, nous n’avons pas observé de diminution du niveau de détresse des patients pendant la première année après le diagnostic du cancer primitif ou de récidive
Introduction. Emotional distress is a significant problem for patients with cancer experience and particularly recurrence. We aim to (a) identify distinct trajectories of psychological distress in the first year after primitive cancer diagnosis or recurrence treated with chimiotherapy and (b) explore possible determinants of these trajectories, that is personal (neuroticism, optimism) and transactional (control, coping, social support, quality of relation) characteristics.Method. 286 patients were assessed after diagnosis in the reentry phase of treatment and in the survivorship phase: 3, 6 and 9 months after the diagnosis announce. Personality (neuroticism and optimism) and transactional variables (coping, social support and quality of relation) have been measured. Psychological distress was assessed with HAD scale.Results. There were four trajectories of distress: a group “resilient” (40.1%) that experienced no or low distress, a group “delayed” (37.63%) that experienced no signifcative distress but levels of depression and emotional distress, which tend to increase slightly and linearly during the first three months and remain stable and below the thresholds beyond, a group “recovery” (19.58%) that experienced signifcative distress, which tend to increase slightly and linearly during the first three months and remain stable and below the thresholds beyond, and a group “chronic” (2.77%) that experienced chronic distress. Variables of Personality and transactional variables could distinguish the distress trajectories. No significant results have been found with perceived control Conclusion. Most patients were not distressed or only temporarily so, in response to primitive cancer or recurrence. However, emotional distress of patients has not decreased during the first year after primitive cancer diagnosis or recurrence
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23

Yilmaz, Fikriye Nuray. "Space-time Discretization Of Optimal Control Of Burgers Equation Using Both Discretize-then-optimize And Optimize-then-discretize Approaches". Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613388/index.pdf.

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Optimal control of PDEs has a crucial place in many parts of sciences and industry. Over the last decade, there have been a great deal in, especially, control problems of elliptic problems. Optimal control problems of Burgers equation that is as a simplifed model for turbulence and in shock waves were recently investigated both theoretically and numerically. In this thesis, we analyze the space-time simultaneous discretization of control problem for Burgers equation. In literature, there have been two approaches for discretization of optimization problems: optimize-then-discretize and discretize-then-optimize. In the first part, we follow optimize-then-discretize appoproach. It is shown that both distributed and boundary time dependent control problem can be transformed into an elliptic pde. Numerical results obtained with adaptive and non-adaptive elliptic solvers of COMSOL Multiphysics are presented for both the unconstrained and the control constrained cases. As for second part, we consider discretize-then-optimize approach. Discrete adjoint concept is covered. Optimality conditions, KKT-system, lead to a saadle point problem. We investigate the numerical treatment for the obtained saddle point system. Both direct solvers and iterative methods are considered. For iterative mehods, preconditioners are needed. The structures of preconditioners for both distributed and boundary control problems are covered. Additionally, an a priori error analysis for the distributed control problem is given. We present the numerical results at the end of each chapter.
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24

Laure, Chloé. "Synthèse orthogonale de polymères à séquences contrôlées, optimisés pour la lecture de données digitales". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAF080.

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Des polymères à séquences contrôlées contenant de l’information numérique ont été synthétisés par voie itérative supportée, via une stratégie « AB+CD » mettant en jeu deux réactions orthogonales. Cette stratégie a permis la synthèse de poly(alcoxyamine amide)s et de poly(alcoxyamine triazole)s à séquences contrôlées isomoléculaires, sans avoir recours à des chimies de protection. Les poly(alcoxyamine amide)s ont été synthétisés sur différents supports – solides, solubles et fluorés – ainsi que par une approche convergente, tandis que les poly(alcoxyamine triazole)s ont permis l’étude de la SpAAC qui met en jeu une cyclooctyne et un azoture pour former un triazole sans utilisation de cuivre. La structure des polymères obtenus a chaque fois permis un séquençage par MS/MS, grâce à la présence de liaisons faibles, permettant de décoder le code binaire incrémenté le long des chaînes via des groupements codant pour 0 ou pour 1. De plus, les poly(alcoxyamine amide)s ont aussi été optimisés pour l’encodage de données : via la synthèse de codes-barres moléculaires pour augmenter la capacité de stockage, ainsi que via une polymolécularité induite permettant la lecture du code incrémenté sans fragmentation
Information-containing sequenced-controlled polymers were synthesized by an « AB+CD » supported iterative strategy, involving two orthogonal reactions. This approach allowed the protecting-group-free synthesis of monodisperse sequence-controlled poly(alkoxyamine amide)s and poly(alkoxyamine triazole)s. The poly(alkoxyamine amide)s were synthesized on different supports - solid, soluble, and fluorinated – and also by a convergent strategy. Besides, the synthesis of the poly(alkoxyamine triazole)s allowed studying the SpAAC, involving a cyclooctyne and an azide for a copper-free formation of a triazole. The structure of the obtained polymers also allowed an MS/MS sequencing of the binary code implemented along the chains through functional groups coding for 0 or 1, thanks to the presence of weak linkages. Furthermore, the poly(alkoxyamine amide)s were optimized for data encoding, by synthesizing molecular barcodes to increase storage capacity, and by an induced polydispersity to decode the polymers without fragmentation
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25

Badreddine, Rim. "Gestion énergétique optimisée pour un bâtiment intelligent multi-sources multi-charges : différents principes de validations". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00780209.

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Le bâtiment est un noeud énergétique important et un support idéal pour développer etanalyser les effets d'un système de gestion optimisée d'énergie (SGEB) tant son impactpotentiel sur la demande énergétique globale est important. Cependant, pour que ces objectifssoient atteints, plusieurs verrous doivent être levés. Au-delà des problématiques liées àl'architecture de distribution, aux modèles (y compris ceux relatifs au comportement desusagers), aux outils de dimensionnement, à la formalisation des paramètres, contraintes etcritères, aux systèmes de production et aux modes de connexions au réseau de distribution, lesproblèmes liés à la mise en oeuvre d'un outil de gestion décentralisée et à sa validation sontcentraux centrale. Ces travaux s'inscrivent directement dans cette optique. Ils portent enparticulier sur l'élaboration de modèles énergétiques, de stratégies de gestion d'énergie dansune configuration multi-sources et multi-charges et surtout de mise en oeuvre de méthodes etd'outils de validation au travers de bancs tests variés où certains composants peuvent êtreréels.Ce travail analyse le gestionnaire énergétique " G-homeTech " comprenant plusieursfonctionnalités de gestion testées sur des bancs d'essai virtuels et hybrides qui permettent decombiner à la fois des composants matériels et logiciels dans les simulations. Cela a permisd'insérer des actionneurs communicants pour tester leur pertinence. Les validations menéesmontrent que le gestionnaire énergétique permet l'effacement de pointes de consommation etdes économies sur la facture énergétique globale tout en respectant les contraintes techniqueset réglementaires.Les évènements prédits ne sont pas toujours ceux qui se produisent. Nous avons alorssimulé de telles situations. La radiation solaire et la consommation totale des services noncontrôlables sont différentes de celles prédites. Cette différence a conduit à des dépassementsde puissance électrique souscrite qui a activé le mécanisme de gestion réactive du gestionnaireénergétique. Des ordres de délestage sont alors dynamiquement envoyés à certainséquipements. Ces ordres alimentent directement les modèles des équipements électriques.Selon les importances relatives données au coût et au confort, nous avons montré que legestionnaire énergétique permet de faire des économies substantielles en évitant lesconsommations durant les pics de prix et évitant les dépassements de souscription pareffacement, par modulation du fonctionnement des systèmes de chauffage et par décalage defonctionnement des services temporaires dans les périodes plus intéressante énergétiquement.
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26

Ninove, Laetitia. "Approche optimisée du diagnostic moléculaire des infections virales : application à la pandémie de grippe A/H1N1". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX20652/document.

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Les techniques de biologie moléculaire ont pris au cours des 20 dernières années une place importante dans le diagnostic direct des pathogènes viraux. Notre travail a porté sur la mise en place et le développement d’une plate-forme de biologie moléculaire, au sein du laboratoire de virologie de l’hôpital de la Timone, pour répondre aux demandes et contraintes du diagnostic en milieu hospitalier. L’organisation de cette plate-forme a nécessité plusieurs étapes : la prévention des risques de contamination, l’aliquotage et le stockage des réactifs, l’automatisation des techniques d’extraction des acides nucléiques, la mise au point de témoins positifs synthétiques et de témoins internes et l’optimisation des protocoles de PCR. Cette approche optimisée du diagnostic moléculaire des infections virales a été appliqué notamment à la détection de la grippe pandémique A/H1N1v dans les laboratoires de routine hospitalière et d’urgence « Point Of Care ». La mise en place de cette plate-forme a fait progresser de manière considérable le diagnostic moléculaire du laboratoire. Elle nous permet actuellement de détecter un grand nombre de pathogènes (>80) et de réaliser des tests dans un format à haut débit (≈40 000 tests/an). Au total, cette plateforme est au coeur de la capacité du laboratoire pour réagir de manière rapide aux évènements d'émergence en mettant en place rapidement des procédures diagnostiques standardisées. Ces techniques ont été transférées à de nombreux autres laboratoires de virologie partenaires nationaux et internationaux. Nous envisageons maintenant son utilisation dans une approche syndromique avec notamment, le développement du diagnostic des virus respiratoires
Molecular biology techniques have taken an important role in the direct diagnosis of viral pathogens over the last 20 years. Our work focused on establishing and developing a platform for molecular diagnosis in the laboratory of Virology (Timone Hospital) to meet the demands and constraints of diagnosis in hospitals. The organization of this platform required several steps: prevention of contamination risks, aliquoting and storage of reagents, automation techniques of nucleic acid extraction, development of synthetic positive controls and internal controls and optimization of PCR protocols. This optimized approach of the molecular diagnosis of viral infections has particularly been applied to the detection of pandemic influenza A/H1N1v in hospital laboratories for routine and emergency "Point Of Care." The implementation of this platform has significantly improved molecular diagnosis in our laboratory. It currently allows us to detect a large number of pathogens (> 80) and perform tests in a high-throughput (≈ 40,000 tests per year). In total, this platform is at the heart of the laboratory capacity to react quickly to emerging events by rapidly implementing standardized procedures. These techniques have been transferred to many other partners’ laboratories nationally and internationally. We are now considering its use in a syndromic approach including the development of the diagnosis of respiratory viruses
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27

Gruber, Robert Edward. "Optimism vs. locking : a study of concurrency control for client-server object-oriented databases". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10762.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1997.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 167-171).
by Robert E. Gruber.
Ph.D.
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28

Dogan, Ebru Burcu. "Illusion Of Control, Optimism Bias And Their Relationship To Risk-taking Behaviors Of Turkish Drivers". Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607562/index.pdf.

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The aim of the represent research was to investigate the relationship between illusion of control, optimism bias, locus of control, and drivers&rsquo
risk-taking behavior among Turkish drivers. A total of 307 drivers completed the Driver Behavior Questionnaire, the Driver Skills Inventory, the Optimism Bias Scale, the Multidimensional Traffic Locus of Control Scale, and Rotter&rsquo
s Internality Externality Scale. In chapter one, comparison between perceived risk as driver and perceived risk as passenger demonstrated existence of illusion f control among drivers. Drivers&rsquo
risk assignments were different when imagining themselves as drivers and passenger. Illusion of control was found to be related to the total number of accidents, especially involvement in active accidents. This indicates a positive relationship between illusion of control and risk-taking behavior. In the second chapter, optimism bias was found in drivers&rsquo
risk likelihood estimations for accident involvement in the future. Drivers estimated their risk of being involved in four types of accidents as less than an average driver. Optimism bias was related to self-reported violations and strong evaluation of driving and safety skills as strong. Young and novice drivers were more realistic in their risk estimations. In the third chapter, relationship between locus of control and risk-taking was investigated. Only fate scale correlated with violations. Drivers who attribute accident causes to fate were more likely to commit violations. The limitations of the current research and implications for further research were discussed.
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29

Sahraoui, Sofiane Ahmed. "Un système d'aide à la décision pour une amélioration optimisée de la performance industrielle". Chambéry, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CHAMS018.

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Les enjeux socio-économiques croissants liés aux gains de productivité placent l'amélioration de la performance industrielle au cœur des préoccupations du pilotage des systèmes de production et du management des organisations. Cette problématique de l'amélioration de la performance et la gestion de performances se traduisent désormais sous la forme de problèmes d'aide à la décision multicritère et se basant, dans notre cas, sur la méthodologie PETRA. Notre choix, pour exprimer la performance globale, se porte sur l'agrégation de ces performances par l'intégrale de Choquet permet a la fois de tenir compte de l'importance relative des performances et de leurs interactions. Il s'agit de fournir une aide à la décision pour quantifier une amélioration, diagnostiquer ou expliquer l'échec d'une démarche d'amélioration, atteindre de façon optimale l'amélioration visée. Nous avons fourni les méthodes de résolution afférentes et intégrer l'ensemble de ces propositions dans l'outil logiciel GéniPlus qui constitue ainsi un apport original en termes de traitement de l''information pour la gestion des performances. Nous avons eu l'opportunité de tester cet outil sur une problématique industrielle chez la société Bosch Rexroth SAS Fluidtech spécialisée dans le pneumatique et l'hydraulique
Increasing productivity implies major socio-economical stakes and confers a key role to industrial performance diagnosis and improvement tasks in the framework of production systems control and organization management. Actually, these problems of performance improvement and performance management require of multi criteria decision-making support systems, in our case, it is based with the methodology PETRA. In our framework, industrial performances are thus defined in terms of numerous and multi-level criteria to b synthesized for overall improvement purposes. The overall performance is modeled as the aggregation elementary performances. A fuzzy Choquet integral aggregation operator is introduced. It allows expressing an overall performance according to the relative importance of criteria and interactions between elementary expressions. A decision-making support is proposed to quantify performances improvement, diagnose explain why an improvement failed, reach the expected objectives in an optimal way. These formal issues are then derived into multi criteria decision-making mathematical problems related to industrial performance management and diagnosis. The related solving methods are integrated into the software tool GeniPlus. GeniPlus is an original contribution to performances management in terms of information processing. GeniPlus has been tested at Bosch Rexroth SAS Fluidtech group specialized in pneumatics and hydraulics
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30

Lee, Erik Ryan. "SET-WET: A Wetland Simulation Model to Optimize NPS Pollution Control". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35222.

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A dynamic, compartmental, continuously stirred tank reactor, simulation model (SET-WET) was developed for design and evaluation of constructed wetlands in order to optimize non-point source (NPS) pollution control measures. The model simulates the hydrologic, nitrogen, carbon, dissolved oxygen, bacteria, vegetative, phosphorous and sediment cycles of a wetland system. Written in Fortran 77, SET-WET models both free water surface (FWS) and sub-surface flow (SSF) wetlands and is designed in a modular manner which gives the user the flexibility to decide which cycles and processes to model. SET-WET differs from many existing wetland models in that it uses a system's approach, and limits the assumptions made concerning the interactions of the various nutrient cycles in a wetland system. It accounts for carbon and nitrogen interactions, as well as effect of oxygen levels upon microbial growth. It also directly links microbial growth and death to the consumption and transformations of nutrients in the wetland system. Many previous models have accounted for these interactions with zero and first order rate equations that assume rates are dependent only on initial concentrations. The SET-WET model is intended to be utilized with an existing NPS hydrologic simulation model, such as ANSWERS or BASINS, but may also be used in situations where measured input data to the wetland are available. The model was calibrated and validated using limited data collected at Benton, Kentucky. A non-parametric statistical analysis of the model's output indicated eight out of nine examined outflow predictions were not statistically different from the measured observations. Linear regression analysis showed that six out of nine examined parameters were statistically similar, and that within the expected operating range, all of the examined outflow parameters (9) were within the 95% confidence intervals of the regression lines. A sensitivity analysis showed the most significant input parameters to the model were those which directly affect bacterial growth and oxygen uptake and movement. The model was applied to a subwatershed in the Nomini Creek watershed located in Virginia. Two year simulations were completed for five separate wetland designs, with reductions in percentage of BOD5 (4%-45%), TSS (85%-100%), total nitrogen (42%-56%), and total phosphorous (38%-57%) comparable to levels reported by previous research.
Master of Science
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31

Donnelly, Kiely M. "Optimism as a Potential Moderator of the Effects of Emotional Distress on Seizure Control in Adults with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1265990186.

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32

Graci, Gina M. "Optimism, Health Locus of Control, and Quality of Life of Women with Recurrent Breast Cancer". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278130/.

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33

Pohl, Reinhard, e Antje Bornschein. "A management system to optimize reservoir control in the case of floods". Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-160683.

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Many multipurpose reservoirs are situated in the low mountain range of Germany. Most of them are necessary for drinking water supply and flood protection as well. Other utilizations are recreation, water power and the downstream low water regulation during dry seasons. The operation rules of the reser-voirs have to be optimized to meet the different requirements of use. One tool within this framework is a management system for river basins including all reservoirs and their specific operation rules affecting the downstream reaches. As an optimization objective for instance the minimization of inundation risks can be defined. In this case the risk can be defined as hydraulic and hydrologic safety of the reservoir itself and the risk due to inundation and damaging in the downstream regions. Considering the European Water Framework Directive the ecological aspect of reservoir management is one more point in the optimization process. To es-tablish a pilot project the software TALSIM will be applied to river catchments in the ore mountains (Saxony).
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34

Booysen, Walter. "Reducing energy consumption on RSA mines through optimised compressor control / Walter Booysen". Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4094.

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South Africa experienced a severe shortfall in electricity supply during 2008. Eskom, the national electricity supplier, implemented several strategies to alleviate the situation. The Power Conservation Programme set the mining sector a mandatory target to reduce its annual power consumption by 10%. The quickest way to achieve these savings is by optimising the largest power consumers on the mines. Compressed air is one of these, constituting approximately 40% of total electricity consumption on platinum mines. Several methods to reduce power consumption on compressed air systems were investigated. The investigation revealed that centrifugal air compressors on the mines are typically manually operated at a fixed delivery output. Attempts to reduce electricity consumption by reducing air demand will therefore not necessarily lead to savings. A control system that will enable the compressor to automatically match the supply with system demand is required. An optimised control strategy was then developed and implemented on three compressed air systems. Measurements demonstrated savings between 13% and 49%. With the Eskom tariffs proposed for 2010, this implies a total saving of R 46 million per year for these three case studies. This will achieve, and may even exceed, the mandatory reduction in electricity consumption of the mines. These results demonstrate that one of the quickest ways to reduce energy consumption on South African mines is by implementing optimised compressor controls.
Thesis (M.Ing. (Electrical Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010
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35

Pohl, Reinhard, e Antje Bornschein. "A management system to optimize reservoir control in the case of floods". Technische Universität Dresden, 2006. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A28536.

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Many multipurpose reservoirs are situated in the low mountain range of Germany. Most of them are necessary for drinking water supply and flood protection as well. Other utilizations are recreation, water power and the downstream low water regulation during dry seasons. The operation rules of the reser-voirs have to be optimized to meet the different requirements of use. One tool within this framework is a management system for river basins including all reservoirs and their specific operation rules affecting the downstream reaches. As an optimization objective for instance the minimization of inundation risks can be defined. In this case the risk can be defined as hydraulic and hydrologic safety of the reservoir itself and the risk due to inundation and damaging in the downstream regions. Considering the European Water Framework Directive the ecological aspect of reservoir management is one more point in the optimization process. To es-tablish a pilot project the software TALSIM will be applied to river catchments in the ore mountains (Saxony).
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36

Ramaswamy, Nikhil. "Development of control strategies to optimize the fuel economy of hybrid electric vehicles". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51887.

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This thesis (1) reports a new Dynamic Programming (DP) approach, and (2) reports a Real Time Control strategy to optimize the energy management of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle(HEV). Increasing environmental concerns and rise in fuel prices in recent years has escalated interest in fuel efficient vehicles from government, consumers and car manufacturers. Due to this, Hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) have gained popularity in recent years. HEV’s have two degrees of freedom for energy flow controls, and hence the performance of a HEV is strongly dependent on the control of the power split between thermal and electrical power sources. In this thesis backward-looking and forward-looking control strategies for two HEV architectures namely series and parallel HEV are developed. The new DP approach, in which the state variable is not discretized, is first introduced and a theoretical base is established. We then prove that the proposed DP produces globally optimal solution for a class of discrete systems. Then it is applied to optimize the fuel economy of HEV's. Simulations for the parallel and series HEV are then performed for multiple drive cycles and the improved fuel economy obtained by the new DP is compared to existing DP approaches. The results are then studied in detail and further improvements are suggested. A new Real Time Control Strategy (RTCS) based on the concept of preview control for online implementation is also developed in this thesis. It is then compared to an existing Equivalent Cost Minimization Strategy (ECMS) which does not require data to be known apriori. The improved fuel economy results of the RTCS for the series and parallel HEV are obtained for standard drive cycles and compared with the ECMS results
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37

Montull, Daniel José María. "Adapting the Decision Support System CPOWeeds to optimize weed control in northern Spanish conditions". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/400269.

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En aquest treball, es posa a punt un Sistema d'Ajuda a la Decisió (SAD) i es planteja un maneig específic per a cada parcel•la. Els avantatges de l’ús del SAD son econòmiques i mediambientals perquè optimitzant l’ús d’herbicides, en algun cas, és possible reduir les dosis aplicades. El Crop Protection Online (CPO) és un SAD danès que optimitza el control de males herbes recomanant solucions específiques concretes per a cada situació, ha estat desenvolupat des de mitjans de la dècada de 1980. CPOWeeds és una versió del CPO ajustada per les condicions del Nord-est d'Espanya. Tots els tractaments del CPOWeeds es van comparar amb tractaments Estàndard recomanats per tècnics de cada zona. Es van comparar les prediccions del CPOWeeds amb les obtingudes en camp per a les 9 principals espècies en diferents estats fenològics i, en el 84,2% dels casos, les eficàcies van ser iguals o més grans que les predites i es va aconseguir sempre un nivell de control satisfactori . Als cinc assajos en camps de blat i ordi, els rendiments van tendir a ser superiors utilitzant el CPOWeeds. Es conclou que el CPOWeeds permet optimitzar l'aplicació d'herbicides amb una gran robustesa. Les recomanacions han estat satisfactòries per a les condicions agroclimàtiques del Nord-est d'Espanya, amb un potencial de reducció d'ús d'herbicides d’ almenys un 30%. Per tant, aquest SAD pot ser una eina molt important dins el Control Integrat de Males herbes.
En este trabajo, se pone a punto un Sistema de Ayuda a la Decisión (SAD) y se plantea un manejo campo a campo. Las ventajas del uso de los SAD son económicas y medioambientales porque optimizando el uso de herbicidas es posible, en algún caso, disminuir las dosis aplicadas. El Crop Protection Online (CPO) es un SAD danés que optimiza el control de malas hierbas recomendando soluciones específicas concretas para cada situación que se viene desarrollando desde la década de 1980. CPOWeeds es una versión del CPO ajustada para las condiciones del Nordeste de España. Todos los tratamientos del CPOWeeds se compararon con tratamientos Estándar, recomendados por técnicos de cada zona. En el 84,2% de los casos, las eficacias obtenidas fueron iguales o mayores que las predichas y se alcanzó siempre un nivel de control satisfactorio. En los cinco ensayos en campo, los rendimientos tendieron a ser superiores utilizando el CPOWeeds. Por tanto, se concluye que el CPOWeeds permite optimizar la aplicación de herbicidas con una gran robustez para las condiciones agroclimáticas del noreste de España, con un potencial de reducción de uso de herbicidas de al menos un 30%. Por tanto, este SAD puede ser una herramienta muy importante dentro del Control Integrado de Malas hierbas.
In this work, a Decision Support System (DSS) is developed to make a Site-Specific Crop Management (SSCM). The advantages of the use of DSS are both economical and environmental because, by optimising plant protection products, it is in some cases possible to reduce the applied doses. The Danish decision support system Crop Protection Online (CPO) optimizes herbicide weed control because it recommends specific herbicide solutions to achieve a required level of control. It has been developed since 1980's. CPOWeeds is a version of CPO adjusted to the conditions in Spain. All CPOWeeds treatments were compared to the efficacies obtained with standard herbicide treatments decided by local advisors. The predictions from CPOWeeds were compared to the achieved efficacies in the field trials for nine weed species at different developmental stages. In 84.2% of the comparisons the obtained efficacies were equal to or higher than the predicted ones Moreover, CPOWeeds achieved a satisfactory control level. In all five tests carried out in commercial wheat and barley fields, yield tended to be higher using the CPOWeeds. It was concluded that the use of CPOWeeds allowed the optimisation of the herbicide application with a very high robustness. The recommendations were satisfactorily for the conditions of Spain and have the potential to decrease the amount of applied herbicides by at least 30%. Therefore, CPOWeeds can be an important tool in Integrated Weed Management.
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38

Missaoui, Badreddine Rim. "Gestion Énergétique optimisée pour un bâtiment intelligent multi-sources multi-charges : différents principes de validations". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00742941.

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Le bâtiment est un noeud énergétique important et un support idéal pour développer et analyser les effets d'un système de gestion optimisée d'énergie (SGEB) tant son impact potentiel sur la demande énergétique globale est important. Cependant, pour que ces objectifs soient atteints, plusieurs verrous doivent être levés. Au-delà des problématiques liées à l'architecture de distribution, aux modèles (y compris ceux relatifs au comportement des usagers), aux outils de dimensionnement, à la formalisation des paramètres, contraintes et critères, aux systèmes de production et aux modes de connexions au réseau de distribution, les problèmes liés à la mise en oeuvre d'un outil de gestion décentralisée et à sa validation sont centraux centrale. Ces travaux s'inscrivent directement dans cette optique. Ils portent en particulier sur l'élaboration de modèles énergétiques, de stratégies de gestion d'énergie dans une configuration multi-sources et multi-charges et surtout de mise en oeuvre de méthodes et d'outils de validation au travers de bancs tests variés où certains composants peuvent être réels. Ce travail analyse le gestionnaire énergétique " G-homeTech " comprenant plusieurs fonctionnalités de gestion testées sur des bancs d'essai virtuels et hybrides qui permettent de combiner à la fois des composants matériels et logiciels dans les simulations. Cela a permis d'insérer des actionneurs communicants pour tester leur pertinence. Les validations menées montrent que le gestionnaire énergétique permet l'effacement de pointes de consommation et des économies sur la facture énergétique globale tout en respectant les contraintes techniques et réglementaires. Les évènements prédits ne sont pas toujours ceux qui se produisent. Nous avons alors simulé de telles situations. La radiation solaire et la consommation totale des services non contrôlables sont différentes de celles prédites. Cette différence a conduit à des dépassements de puissance électrique souscrite qui a activé le mécanisme de gestion réactive du gestionnaire énergétique. Des ordres de délestage sont alors dynamiquement envoyés à certains équipements. Ces ordres alimentent directement les modèles des équipements électriques. Selon les importances relatives données au coût et au confort, nous avons montré que le gestionnaire énergétique permet de faire des économies substantielles en évitant les consommations durant les pics de prix et évitant les dépassements de souscription par effacement, par modulation du fonctionnement des systèmes de chauffage et par décalage de fonctionnement des services temporaires dans les périodes plus intéressante énergétiquement.
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39

Wang, Yuanlin [Verfasser]. "Contributions to optimize the control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Drives / Yuanlin Wang". Aachen : Shaker, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1138177164/34.

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40

Aorith, Hawa. "Efficiency optimised control of interior permanent magnet machine drives in electric vehicle applications". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/8161/.

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The thesis focuses on the losses minimisation of an interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) drive in electric vehicle applications. As drive losses are a combination of the IPMSM losses and the inverter losses, this thesis is mainly divided into two parts: the first part deals with minimising the copper and iron losses of the IPMSM with due account of machine parameters variations and the voltage drop across the stator winding resistance. A new losses minimisation algorithm (LMA) which considers these issues is presented in this research. A comprehensive off-line simulation study based on this LMA is performed in order to evaluate the effect of the parameters variations, resistive voltage drop and iron losses on the IPMSM optimal efficiency operation. It is shown that the parameters variations and resistive voltage drop should be included in the losses minimisation to achieve IPMSM optimal efficiency operation. On the other hand, the minimum losses operation points are not significantly affected by the utilised IPMSM iron losses. The proposed LMA is implemented with non-linear look-up tables (LUTs) using the current commands developed for both constant torque and field weakening operations. Good matching between the simulation and experimental results has been achieved. Reducing the inverter switching losses is the aim of the second part of this PhD research in addition to decrease the common mode voltage (CMV) which may lead to undesirable motor bearing current and electromagnetic interference. A comparative study between up-to-date PWM techniques for CMV reduction with the conventional space vector PWM (SVPWM technique) through simulation studies are presented. Due to its advantages on reducing both the switching losses and CMV of the inverter over all (αβ) voltage hexagon modulation regions, the LuPWM technique is selected for the tested IPMSM drive. Firstly, the scalar implementation of this LuPWM technique using the sine triangle waveform modulation technique on a simulation model of a resistor-inductor (R-L) inductive load is validated with sinusoidal current waveforms. However, implementation of the LuPWM in the closed loop control system of the tested IPMSM drive results in a considerable unexpected distortion in the phase current waveforms especially at low demanded torques. A study on this issue shows that due to the unavoidable ripples on the electrical angle position information leading to the malfunction on determining the (αβ) voltage hexagon sectors, the sector transition point of the LuPWM pulses especially when the state of the LuPWM pulse is changed between On-state and Off-state is strongly affected. Consequently, the current waveforms for a closed-loop drive system under the LuPWM technique during the sectors transition period become seriously distorted. In this thesis, the LuPWM current waveforms distortion problem is proposed to be addressed by modifying the pulse pattern of the traditional LuPWM technique around the (αβ) voltage hexagon sectors transition points associated with significant current waveforms distortion as aforementioned. Under this proposed PWM technique denoted as Mod-LuPWM technique, the switching state of each LuPWM pulse is suggested to be hold for an optimum small period around each transition period. Hence, the adverse effects of the angular ripple and the voltage error will be evened out between the “Turn-On” and “Turn-Off” transitions. Therefore, sinusoidal current waveforms can be obtained for closed-loop drive system under the proposed Mod-LuPWM. In addition, similar to the traditional LuPWM the Mod-LuPWM technique own the ability of on reducing the peak-to-peak common mode voltage value to one sixth of the DC-link voltage compared with the traditional PWMs. On the other hand, due to its switching characteristics, the switching losses of the drive system under the Mod-LuPWM technique are also reduced by one third during the switching period leading to an increase on the switching device life-time. Furthermore, as its implementation does not require any additional hardware, the proposed Mod-LuPWM can be employed for any existing drive system without any increase in the total drive cost. The proposed Mod-LuPWM has been validated with well-matched between simulation and experimental results showing significant current waveform improvements and considerable CMV reduction.
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41

Weberg, Matthew Aaron. "Analysis of Grass Carp Dynamics to Optimize Hydrilla Control in an Appalachian Reservoir". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52022.

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The primary objectives of this study were: 1) to evaluate the movement patterns, habitat use, and survival of triploid grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella stocked to control hydrilla Hydrilla verticillata in a riverine reservoir (Claytor Lake, Virginia), 2) to examine grass carp population dynamics and hydrilla growth dynamics in Claytor Lake to guide long-term management efforts, and 3) to describe the aquatic plant community in the New River upstream of Claytor Lake to assess the potential for alterations due to potential grass carp herbivory. Only 3% of radio-tagged grass migrated out of Claytor Lake during the 2-year study. Grass carp movement patterns were significantly correlated with temperature-, weather-, and habitat-related variables. Grass carp selected specific cove, shoal and tributary habitats colonized by hydrilla. First-year survival of grass carp was 44% in 2011, and 25% in 2012. Grass carp growth rates were rapid in 2011, but declined in 2012 concurrent with significant reductions in hydrilla abundance. Based on grass carp population dynamics observed in Claytor Lake, our stocking model predicted that hydrilla could be controlled through 2030 by a grass carp standing stock of 5-6 metric tons. We documented 12 plant species in the New River upstream of Claytor Lake, 9 of which are preferred plants for grass carp suggesting that the plant community could be altered if migration rates increase. Grass carp can be effective for managing hydrilla in riverine reservoirs; however, continued monitoring of grass carp population dynamics, migration rates, and vegetation abundance could facilitate greater precision in management efforts.
Master of Science
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42

Koc, Mikail. "Efficiency optimised control of interior mounted permanent magnet machines for electric vehicle traction". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15880/.

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Electric vehicles (EV) are playing a momentous role to the wide society as they facilitate the use of clean energy technologies. Interior mounted permanent magnet (IPM) synchronous machines are commonly employed in EVs owing to their superior characteristics such as high efficiency and power density and a wide field weakening operating range. High efficiency motor operation extends EVs drive range with the same amount of energy. Advanced control techniques to achieve high efficiency operation and smooth output torque production are, therefore, highly important areas to be researched. This thesis deals with the state-of-art motor drives and further develops advanced control strategies for minimum loss operation with good torque control quality. Modern AC drives can be classified in two groups, viz., field oriented control (FOC) and direct torque control (DTC). Whilst the former controls the phase currents for torque realization, the latter controls the torque directly. This thesis researches both and the novel advanced techniques are underpinned by extensive simulations and supported by experimental validations on a prototype motor designed for a specific class of EVs. The biggest challenge associated with the FOC drives is to improve the efficiency due to highly nonlinear characteristics of IPM machines. It has been discovered that even if the machine parameters are accurately modelled and stored in controllers to achieve optimal efficiency operation in a great number of FOC based IPM drives, there is still much deviation from the ideal operating points. A novel approach for online efficiency optimisation is proposed and comprehensively analysed in this thesis. The challenges pertinent to the DTC based IPM drives are to improve the observer quality and to reduce the strong coupling and the nonlinearity in the control loops. Novel observer structures, and the decoupled and linearized control techniques are among the novel contributions for DTC drives in this thesis. In addition, a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between stator flux vector and the torque has not been performed in the literature. The detailed analysis is made in this thesis and the maximum torque per voltage (MTPV) control theory for DTC drives is introduced. It is noteworthy that this thesis is based on comparative studies between the state-of-art and the proposed techniques throughout, and hence offers an insightful understanding for modern IPM drives.
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43

Chrun, Tiphany. "Développement d’un vaccin à ADN optimisé contre le virus de la fièvre de la vallée du Rift chez le mouton". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLA004/document.

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Transmis par les moustiques, le virus de la fièvre de la vallée du Rift (vFVR) est un virus zoonotique qui affecte principalement les ruminants en Afrique et conduit à des pertes économiques importantes. Il n’existe actuellement pas de traitements et les seuls vaccins disponibles sont à usage vétérinaire. Le développement de nouveaux vaccins plus sûrs contre le vFVR est une priorité de l’OMS en raison du risque d’émergence de cet arbovirus dans d’autres continents. Dans cette étude, nous avons développé une vaccination à ADN optimisée contre le vFVR qui consiste à administrer par voie cutanée un plasmide codant pour l’ectodomaine de la glycoprotéine de surface Gn du vFVR (eGn) en présence d’un plasmide adjuvant codant le GM-CSF et combinée avec une électroporation. De plus, nous avons également optimisé la vaccination à ADN en l’associant à la stratégie de ciblage des cellules dendritiques (DCs) via un plasmide qui code des fragments d’anticorps scFv fusionnés avec l’eGn dirigés contre les récepteurs DEC205 et CD11c exprimés à la surface des DCs. Les vaccins ont été testés chez le mouton, hôte naturel du virus et dans le modèle murin pour étudier les mécanismes de protection. Dans nos deux modèles d’études, l’immunisation par le plasmide codant l’eGn confère une meilleure protection après une épreuve virale ainsi qu’une forte production d’anticorps non neutralisants par rapport au ciblage des DCs. En revanche, le ciblage d’eGn vers des récepteurs de DCs protège partiellement contre une épreuve virale et induit une immunogénicité différente dans les deux espèces. Nous avons confirmé le rôle protecteur de ces anticorps anti-eGn par un transfert passif dans le modèle murin et le mécanisme d’action de ces anticorps protecteurs reste encore à être déterminé. Notre étude montre pour la première fois la protection par un vaccin à ADN contre le vFVR chez le mouton
The Rift valley fever virus (RVFV) is a mosquito-borne virus that mainly affect ruminants in Africa, resulting in economic burden. There is currently no treatment and only vaccine for veterinary use against the RVFV are available. The development of new and safer vaccine is urgently needed due to the risk of introduction of this arbovirus to other continents. In the present work, we developed an optimized DNA vaccination against RVFV using a plasmid encoding the ectodomain of surface glycoprotein Gn (eGn) of RVFV into the skin with plasmid adjuvant encoding GM-CSF and electroporation in sheep. We further optimized the DNA vaccination using dendritic cell targeting strategy with a plasmid encoding a single chain fragment variable (scFv) fused with eGn directed to two DC receptors, DEC205 and CD11c. The efficacy of the vaccines were tested in the sheep, the natural host and in the mouse model to investigate the mechanism of protection. In both models non-targeted eGn vaccine confer a better clinical protection and higher non-neutralizing antibody production than DC-targeted vaccine. However, in both models eGn targeting to DEC205 differentially affected the immune response and induced a partial protection after a challenge. We further demonstrated that non-neutralizing antibodies induced by native eGn protect mice by passive transfer. The mechanism mediated by these antibodies remains to be investigated. Overall, this work indicates the proof of concept that DNA vaccine can confer protection against the RVFV in the sheep
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44

Adomdza, Gordon. "Why Do Inventors Continue When Experts Say Stop? The Effects of Overconfidence, Optimism and Illusion of Control". Thesis, Waterloo, Ont. : University of Waterloo, 2004. http://etd.uwaterloo.ca/etd/gkadomdz2004.pdf.

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Thesis (MASc)--University of Waterloo, 2004.
"A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Applied Science in Management Sciences." Includes bibliographical references.
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45

Jarrett, Lisa M. "Coping with headache, an exploration into the role of headache locus of control, dispositional optimism, and neuroticism". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0004/MQ45065.pdf.

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46

Graci, Gina. "Optimism, Health Locus of Control, and Quality of Life of Women with Initial versus Recurrent Breast Cancer". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2803/.

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Health Locus of Control (HLOC) and other predictors of Quality of Life (QL) were examined for women with an initial versus recurrent breast cancer diagnosis. Twenty-eight women with an initial breast cancer (IBC) diagnoses and twenty-eight women with recurrent breast cancer (RBC) diagnoses were recruited from doctors' offices and cancer support groups. Correlational analyses were used to assess the relationships between variables. No significant differences were found between women with IBC and RBC on Psychological QL. Doctor HLOC and Psychological QL were related for women with RBC (r = .481, p = .01) and marginally so for women with IBC (r = .329, p = .09). A positive correlation was also found between Doctor HLOC and Functional QL for both women with IBC (r = .464, p = .01) and women with RBC (r = .390, p = .04). After controlling for stage of cancer, women with RBC reported higher Functional QL than did women with IBC. Advanced (stages III or IV) versus early (stages I or II) cancer stage related to lower Functional QL, controlling for initial versus recurrent diagnosis (r = -.283, p = .01). A marginally significant relationship was also found for cancer stage, regardless of initial versus recurrent diagnosis, with higher Overall QL for women with early stages of breast cancer (r = -.157, p = .09). No significant differences in Optimism or Overall QL were found between women with IBC versus RBC. No differences were found between married and single women. This research begins to explore differences in Quality of Life for women with a new versus a recurrent breast cancer diagnosis.
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47

Ruderman, Cimi Perryl. "The relationship between weight loss and locus of control, possible selves, self-esteem, anxiety and optimism/pessimism". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1990. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/779.

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48

Dyachuk, Eduard. "Load diagnostic of power lines to control and optimize the utilization of wind energy". Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-10090.

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49

Shivakumar, Shyam. "Use of smart buildings technology to optimize indoor climate control in local government buildings". Thesis, Shivakumar, Shyam (2021) Use of smart buildings technology to optimize indoor climate control in local government buildings. Masters by Coursework thesis, Murdoch University, 2021. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/63974/.

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Activities done as part of everyday life are being aided by modern tools and systems that are ‘smart’, thanks to the rapid growth of science and technology. Climate change is one matter of concern for the world, and everyone needs to act to reverse it or limit its repercussions. A part of the solution to fight climate change would be to integrate these ‘smart’ technologies in the energy sector to curb GHG emissions associated with energy generation. The technology of Internet of Things (or IoT) is increasingly being used in many applications across many sectors. The IoT, an iconic concept of the modern era, is nowadays proving to be a capable driver to achieve energy efficiency, which is considered to be the first line of defense to climate change. This dissertation aims to be a part of revamping the indoor climate control devices in commercial facilities of the City of Melville, a local government area of Western Australia. The study for achieving such an objective is done to set a foundation for the city council to work on optimizing the currently operating HVAC and other climate control setups. The dissertation encompasses a background of smart building technologies, with the overview of the City of Melville and its trial facility for undertaking the demonstration project for such systems, the Piney Lakes Environmental Education Centre (PLEEC). It is then followed by the results of a detailed literature review of papers that have demonstrated designs and features of IoT based smart climate control systems, analysis of the baseline behaviour of the PLEEC for identifying the opportunities for optimizing climate control with the help of monitoring the power consumption and the usage and behavioural patterns with the help of a monitoring dashboard and surveys and log books and then finally, the proposal of designs capable of handling the indoor climate of the various commercial facilities under the city’s operational control. Two types of designs have been put forth wherein one is meant to control HVAC systems in general and the other is solely meant for controlling reverse-cycle air conditioners. These designs were based on the reviewed papers. The concept of control which is apt for this purpose is called Model Predictive Control with the addition of Predictive Mean Vote for including thermal comfort into the optimization process. The experimental results of the system (based on those papers) have shown their capability to increase energy savings, without compromising on human thermal comfort.
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50

Hand, Michael Philip. "Psychological resilience: The influence of positive and negative life events upon optimism, hope, and perceived locus of control". ScholarWorks, 2004. http://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dilley/11.

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the optimal levels of optimism, perceived locus of control, hope, and degree of adversity experienced in life, in the development and maintenance of psychological resilience. A sample of 328 male and female students from Walden University and Washington State University completed either online or paper versions of a questionnaire consisting of the Life Orientation Test-Revised, Internal-External Locus of Control Scale, HOPE Scale , and the Life Experiences Scale . A series of bivariate correlation and multiple regression analyses tested the relationships between and among the five variables. As predicted, the bivariate analyses produced significant correlations between each of the variables. Contrary to predictions, negative life experience, rather than positive life experience, was predictive of stronger correlations between optimism and hope, optimism and control, and hope and control. The correlation between hope and control varied under differing levels of positive and negative life experience such that both high negative and high positive life experience resulted in the lowest correlation, and intermediate levels (low negative and low positive) resulted in the highest correlation. Hope itself was found not to be significantly correlated with either positive or negative life experience. Stepwise multiple regression analyses explored the relative influence of positive and negative life experience, age, gender and number of life experiences on optimism, hope and perceived locus of control. The analyses revealed unexpectedly strong loadings of age and gender in the predictions of both control and optimism. Suggested implications of the research included clinical approaches to trauma recovery, educational and parental methods to foster development of resilience in children, and military training to proactively prepare for the rigors of combat.
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