Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Contrôle électrique"
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Florescu, Adrian. "Gestion optimisée des flux énergétiques dans le véhicule électrique". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00798937.
Texto completo da fonteTermous, Hussein. "Approche hiérarchisée pour le contrôle global du châssis d'un véhicule électrique". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0081.
Texto completo da fonteRoad transportation is shifting significantly toward electrification around the globe. A market for light electric mobility solutions had emerged where all-in-wheel devices are expected to play an important role in this new trend. This technology offers new opportunities and raises new challenges in Global Chassis Control (GCC) that rises, recently, to remarkable levels. This study is based on a supervision control approach for vertical, longitudinal, and lateral control in light electric vehicles. The developed control system designs rely on the CRONE method which can ensure the robustness of the stability degree against the system parametric variations. For vertical dynamics, various control solu-tions are developed for automotive suspensions to improve passenger comfort and road holding. For longitudinal dynamics, a study for the ABS function is done for braking system enhancement while considering the effect of the vertical dynamics. Then, a combination of ABS control and suspension control is presented in the sense of reducing the deterioration effect of vertical dynamics. Finally, the work is concerned by the development of vehicle lateral stability control, where the effect of the vehicle vertical dynamics was analyzed. The obtained results verify the effectiveness of the designed control strategies in enhancing the vehicle comfort, handling, and safety. Moreover, the well understanding of the influence of the vertical dynamics, as well as the key role of the controlled suspension on other vehicle dynamics, will open up new prospects to the development of new strategies for global chassis control of light electric vehicle
Hardy, Pierrick. "Etude et qualification aérothermodynamique et électrique d'un actionneur plasma de type jet". Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ESAE0014/document.
Texto completo da fonteImprovement of aerodynamics and environmental performances is a major issue for terrestrial and aeronautical industry.For fulfilling increasing demand, one of the answers is flow control. To achieve flow control, high performance actuators are needed. An innovative technique called Plasma Synthetic Jet actuator consists on applying an electrical discharge in asmall cavity. Plasma is created and increases gas temperature and pressure which results on the creation of a micro-jet through cavity opening.The PhD objectives are to develop the PSJ actuator, to describe actuator mechanisms and to apply it for controlling noise of a high subsonic jet. The first part of the study consists on defining flow control needs and on developing a PSJ actuator prototype. Then,actuator performances are characterised using electrical measurements of the discharge and using aerodynamic measurements. These measurements show that an electrical model of the discharge is needed. Based on the Braginskii model, a simple model is carried out and is applied to the actuator. Efficiency of the PSJ is deduced.The modified Braginskii model is then coupled with an URANS model to achieve frequency modelling of the actuator. Results match aerodynamics measurements .PSJ actuators are applied for controlling jet noise in a second part of the study. Schlieren visualisations are used to show micro-jet interaction with the main jet. Acoustic measurements are then performed and show that the PSJ is a goodactuator to control high subsonic jet noise
Muntean, Adina Mariana. "Analyse et contrôle du couple des moteurs synchrones à aimants permanents pour la propulsion des véhicules électriques". Besançon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BESA2007.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of this thesis is to analyze and control the developed electromagnetic turque of an interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) for electric vehicle (EV) propulsion applications. The thesis content is structured on six chapters. Chapter 1 outlines the main features of an electric-vehicle propulsion system. After proving that the general class of PMSMs is well suited to such drive applications, some specific IPMSM subclass designs for EV propulsion are examined. Chapter 2 develops the mathematical model of IMPSMs suitable for EV propulsion applications. In the first part of chapter 3, an equivalent magnetic circuit-based analysis of a double--layer IPMSM is developed allowing the estimation of the rotor-PM sizes as well as the ratued valuers of PM-rotor and armature-stator fluxes, back-emfs and insatured dq inductances. In ther second of the chapter, the electromagnetic torque of both single- and double-layer IMPSMs under rated-load condition is analyzed using 2D finite-element field simulation. Chapter 4 deals with electromagnetic torque control strategies for IMPSMs. In the first part of this chapter, the indirect torque control of IMPSM via stator-current regulation in the rotor reference frame is outlined. The second part of the chapter is dedicated to the direct torque and stator-flux control (DTFC) of IMPSM for EV propulsion. Chapter 5 presents the experimental study on the indirect (via stator-current regulation) torque control and on the DTFC of a double-layer IMPSM prototype. In the last chapter, general conclusions oof the thesis research are drawn, and some suggestions are given for the future work in the same area
Deleu, Arnaud. "Méthologie de description fonctionnelle pour la synthèse des commandes des convertisseurs bidirectionnels : contrôle des commutations et algorithmes". Lille 1, 1997. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1997/50376-1997-83.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteBédard, Arcand Jean-Philippe. "Contrôle électrique et magnétique de surfaces mésogènes pour cellules électro-optiques". Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29384/29384.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteWe investigate the possibility of creating new electro-optical components using mesogenic surfaces controlled by electromagnetic fields. These programmed surfaces have the function of imposing an alignment on the juxtaposed volume of liquid crystal to produce the desired electro-optical properties. The extent and effectiveness of these properties have a great technological impact such as in the field of liquid crystal displays and variable optical attenuators. More specifically, this research addresses the surface interaction between the mesogen substrate and the liquid crystal and various practical avenues resulting therefrom. For example, the importance of interdiffusion between those two materials will be detailed and linked to the creation of surface self-organizing networks. This original phenomenon allows the creation of a surface - polymer stabilized liquid crystal composite which is applied to electro-optical attenuators.
Ligeret, Christophe. "Réduction de la consommation électrique du contrôle-commande des machines automatisées". Rennes 1, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00555655.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis presents an analysis of energy consumption of control systems of automated machines. The main objective is to reduce energy consumption of control part. In this document, we present notions related with control systems and we develop methods and an energy consumption simulator which is an analysis tool of energy consumption. Thus, we make an analysis according 3 axes: energy consumption of each control part, consumption of control systems according to choice of components and consumption according to operating modes. So this work proposes an energy consumption methodology and makes it possible to show that energy consumption of control systems is often low with respect to energy consumed by actuators. However, it is possible to reduce by 2 energy consumption of control
Sandoval, torres Cinda Luz. "Contrôle d’une source d’énergie hybride : Pile à combustible-Supercondensateur". Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENAM0067/document.
Texto completo da fonteEnergy generation from fossil fuels combustion is predicted to have severe future impacts in the world’s economy and ecology. Fuel cells and supercapacitors are an alternative power source, environmentally friendly.This dissertation presents a regulation architecture developed to coordinate a hybrid renewable source for typical solicitations of electric vehicles in a scaled operating range of 1 kW. The hybrid system is composed of a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cell module, a supercapacitors bank and their respective power conditioning units. In order to optimize the overall operation, the proposed strategy is organized into three hierarchical levels, and the power demand for each energy source is determined in real time with a basis on a frequency distribution and a cutoff frequency, defined in accordance with the dynamical capabilities of the sources.Even if numerous researches have been reported on the subject, few studies have taken into account the proper dynamics of each source in order to optimize the global performance of the hybrid power supply.The goal of this work is to implement a complete simulator integrating not only dynamical models of each energy source, but also dynamical models of the power conditioning units. The control strategy consists of nested loops, arranged in three functional levels of hierarchy. The central idea is to find the optimal set point for each energy source, according to their own physical properties. Contrary to the existing control strategies, this strategy dynamically calculates the appropriate power demand for each energy source. Due to the complexity of the system, cascade control loops are proposed, organized into blocks, according to the system functionality and dynamics.A functional simulation is obtained, where the system ensures the adequate supercapacitor state of charge and soft current demands to keep the fuel cell working in its safe operating region. Thus, lower fuel consumption and rapid response to load demands are guaranteed to improve efficiency.Results demonstrate that the control strategy allows the regulation of the DC bus voltage under UDDS and ECE-15 driving cycles as load profiles. The fuel cell works within its maximum efficiency region, without falling in the degradation zone. In addition, the supercapacitor state of charge remains within the recommended range
Arab, Mohammad-Waseem. "Étude et conception d'un groupe motopropulseur électrique à faibles niveau vibratoire et sonore pour véhicule électrique. Aspects "contrôle - commande"". Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112231/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn a global context governed by multiple economic, energetic and environmental factors, the transition towards transportation modes with zero polluting emissions seems inevitable. Hence, automotive manufacturers are investing increasingly in the development of electric powertrains in anticipation of the market needs. Among the different electric motors technologies considered for this application, the switched reluctance motor (SRM) presents attractive characteristics for the industry.The work presented in this thesis aims to elaborate solutions in response to the points still hindering the adoption of the SRM in electric vehicles. First, torque regulation of an SRM intended for an electric traction is analyzed. Taking into consideration the requirements of the application in hand, a regulation strategy is developed through the integration of two methods which complement each other over the studied SRM range of operation.In the second part, the subject of current regulation in the SRM is discussed. The issues related to current regulation in SRMs disposing of high current dynamics are firstly identified. Then, two current regulators, each adapted to different implementation conditions, are presented and validated through simulations.The last part of this thesis discusses the acceleration jerks induced at very low speeds and their repercussions on driving comfort . Indeed, electric traction introduces a new aspect on this rather classic issue. An anti-jerk control law, composed of two control actions, is developed. Simulations have shown the conformity of the performance obtained with the proposed control law with the target industrial specifications
Vassant, Simon. "Contrôle optique et électrique de réflectivité THz assistée par phonon-polaritons de surface". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00601767.
Texto completo da fonteBaïna, Amine. "Contrôle d'Accès pour les Grandes Infrastructures Critiques : application au réseau d'énergie électrique". Toulouse, INSA, 2009. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000296/.
Texto completo da fonteBecause of its physical and logical vulnerabilities, critical infrastructure (CI) may suffer failures, and because of the interdependencies between CIs, simple failures can have dramatic consequences on the entire infrastructure. In our work, we mainly focus on information systems and communications (CII: Critical Information Infrastructure) dedicated to the electrical power grid. We proposed a new approach to address security problems faced by an IIC, particularly those related to access control and collaboration. The goal of this study is to provide each organization belonging to the IIC the opportunity to collaborate with others while maintaining control over its data and its internal security policy. We modeled and developed PolyOrBAC, a platform for collaborative access control, based on the access control model OrBAC and on the Web Services technology, this platform is applicable in the context of a critical infrastructure in general, and more particularly to an electrical power grid
Denis, Guillaume. "Les nouvelles stratégies de contrôle d’onduleurs pour un système électrique 100% interfacé par électronique de puissance". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ECLI0020/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn the context of renewable energy and HVDC links development in power systems, the present work concerns the technical operations of such systems. As wind power, solar photovoltaics and HVDC links are interfaced to the transmission grid with power-electronics, can the system be operated in the extreme case where the load is fed only through static converters?Driving a power system only based on power electronic interfaced generation is a tremendous change of the power system paradigm that must be clearly understood by transmission grid operators. The traditional “grid-feeding” control strategy of inverters exhibits a stability limit when their proportion becomes too important. The inverter control strategy must be turned into a “parallel grid-forming” strategy.This thesis first analyses the power system needs, proposes the requirements for “parallel grid-forming” converters and describes the associated challenges. Accordingly, the thesis gives a method for designing a stable autonomous synchronization controls so that grid-forming sources can operate in parallel with a good level of reliability. Then, a method is proposed to design a voltage control for a grid-forming PWM source taking into account the limited dynamic of large converters. The robustness of the solution is discussed for different configuration of the grid topology. A current limiting strategy is presented to solve the current sensitivity issue of grid-forming converters, subject to different stressing events of the transmission grid. The ideas developed on a single converter are then applied on small grids with a limited number of converters to allow a physical interpretation on the simulation results
Berthelot, Johann. "Contrôle de nano-antennes optiques par une commande électrique : tuner plasmonique et transduction". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00741144.
Texto completo da fonteSalanne, Jean-Philippe. "Contrôle du point de fonctionnement des décharges électriques par l'intermédiaire de leur alimentation". Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000167/.
Texto completo da fonteThe aims of this study is to control the operating point of electrical discharges. These points, resulting from the coupling between the power supply and its load, may be unstable because of the dynamic behaviour of the discharge or any change of its length. To optimize the design and the electronic control of the power supply, the couplings between the later and the discharge are prospected. Numerical and analytical models of the system are presented. These models can simulate the couplings between the power supply and a discharge and are used to achieve the design of the power supply and its control. This approach is completed by experimental investigations considering discharge between 2 points, glidarc and DBD
Hurand, Simon. "Contrôle de la supraconductivité à l'interface d'oxydes LaAlO3/SrTiO3 par effet de champ électrique". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066014/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn this PhD work, we study the field-effect modulated two-dimensional superconductivity at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 oxides hetero-interface. When one grows epitaxially a few unit cells thin film of LaAlO3 on a SrTiO3 substrate, the interface becomes conducting, and even superconducting below 300mK, although these two perovskite oxides are insulators. The properties of this high-mobility two-dimensional electron gas – superconductivity and strong Rashba-type spin-orbit coupling - can be field-effect modulated by the mean of a Back Gate. We have investigated this two-dimensional superconductivity through three different experimental approaches : the temperature-driven transition with the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless model including an inhomogeneous distribution of rigidity ; the finite-size scaling analysis of the superconductor-to-insulator quantum phase transition induced by a perpendicular magnetic field using the model developed by Spivak, Oreto and Kivelson ; and finally the measure of the hysteretic and stochastic properties of the critical current in the framework of the RCSJ model. We hence propose to consider this 2D electron gas as an inhomogeneous network of superconducting puddles coupled to one another by Josephson effect through a normal metallic matrix, which transition is dominated by the XY model of the phase fluctuations. Finally, we demonstrated for the first time the possibility of Top Gated-control of this interface, and we investigated the compared effects of Top and Back Gating
Zhao, Jianning. "Co-Optimisation du Dimensionnement et du Contrôle des Groupe Motopropulseurs Innovants". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLC057/document.
Texto completo da fonteAdvanced technologies are highly demanded in automotive industry to meet the more and more stringent regulations of fuel consumption. Cooptimization of design and control for vehicle propulsion systems with an enhanced computational efficiency is investigated in this thesis.Powertrain components, such as internal combustion engines, batteries, and electric motor/generators, are analytically modeled at descriptive and predictive level correspondingly for the development of fastrunning control optimization and for the scalability of design optimization. The minimal fuel consumption of a hybrid-electric vehicle is evaluated through novel optimization methods. These methods – including the Selective Hamiltonian Minimization, and the GRaphical-Analysis-Based energy Consumption Optimization – are able to evaluate the minimal energy consumption with the enhanced computational efficiency. In addition, the Fully-Analytic energy Consumption Evaluation method approximates the minimal energy consumption in closed form as a function of the mission characteristics and the design parameters of powertrain components.A few case studies are presented in details via the bi-level and uni-level co-optimization approaches, showing an effective improvement in the computational efficiency for the overall co-optimization process
Gazzino, Clément. "Stratégies de maintien à poste pour un satellite géostationnaire à propulsion tout électrique". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30001/document.
Texto completo da fonteGeostationary spacecraft have to stay above a fixed point of the Earth, on a so-called geostationary Earth orbit. For this orbit, the orbital period of the spacecraft is equal to the rotation period of the Earth. Because of orbital disturbances, spacecraft drift away their station keeping position. It is therefore mandatory to create control strategies in order to make the spacecraft stay in the vicinity of the station keeping position. Due to their high thrust capabilities, chemical thrusters have been widely used. However nowadays electric propulsion based thrusters with their high specific impulse are viable alternative in order to decrease the spacecraft mass or increase its longevity. The use of such a system induce the necessity to handle operational constraints because of the limited on-board power. These operational constraints are difficult to take into account in the mathematical transcription of the station keeping problem in an optimal control problem with control and state constraints. This thesis proposed two techniques in order to solve this optimal control problem. The first one is based on the computation of first order necessary conditions and consists in decomposing the overall problem in three sub-problems, leading to a three-step decomposition method. The first step solves an optimal control problem without the operational constraints. The second steps enforces these operational constraints thanks to dedicated equivalence schemes and the third one optimises the switching times of the control profile thanks to a method borrowed from the switched systems theory. The second proposed method consists in parametrising the on-off control profile with binary functions. After a time discretisation of the station keeping horizons, the operational constraints are easily recast as linear constraints on integer variables, the dynamics is numerically integrated and the station keeping problem is recast as a mixed integer linear programming problem. After the resolution of the problem over a short time horizon of one week, the station keeping problem is solved over a long time horizon of one year. To this end, the long time horizon is split in shorter horizons over which the problem is successively solved. End-of-cycle constraints have been set up in order to ensure the feasibility of the solution one short horizon after another
Pietrzak-David, Maria. "Algorithmes de commande d'un variateur électrique asynchrone : contrôle dynamique du flux : commande optimale de position". Toulouse, INPT, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPT056H.
Texto completo da fonteAndrianirina, Pierre Hubertin. "Étude et développement des méthodes de contrôle des harmoniques dans le réseau de distribution électrique". Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2007. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1420/1/030003952.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteMeliani, Sidi Mohamed. "Modélisation du système pilote-véhicule dans une tâche de contrôle manuel de fauteuil roulant électrique". Thesis, Metz, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009METZ039S/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn this thesis we propose to model the pilot-vehicle system made up of a person with a severe motor disability and of an electric wheelchair. The first goal is descriptive: we try to better understand the specificities of the control of an electrical wheelchair. The second goal is normative: the pilot-wheelchair model should define the optimal control mode of the wheelchair in a given situation. This should induce an objective analysis method of the piloting of the wheelchair. The first chapter of the report is devoted to a bibliographical study related to the various pilot-vehicle models. The second chapter describes the design and the validation of our wheelchair driving simulator. The third and the fourth chapters relate to the application of the Crossover models and the OPCM model. The results obtained show that these two models have complementary fields of application in our context of study
Meliani, Sidi Mohamed. "Modélisation du système pilote-véhicule dans une tâche de contrôle manuel de fauteuil roulant électrique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Metz, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009METZ039S.
Texto completo da fonteIn this thesis we propose to model the pilot-vehicle system made up of a person with a severe motor disability and of an electric wheelchair. The first goal is descriptive: we try to better understand the specificities of the control of an electrical wheelchair. The second goal is normative: the pilot-wheelchair model should define the optimal control mode of the wheelchair in a given situation. This should induce an objective analysis method of the piloting of the wheelchair. The first chapter of the report is devoted to a bibliographical study related to the various pilot-vehicle models. The second chapter describes the design and the validation of our wheelchair driving simulator. The third and the fourth chapters relate to the application of the Crossover models and the OPCM model. The results obtained show that these two models have complementary fields of application in our context of study
Dobrowolski, Jean. "Modélisation, contrôle/commande et certification d'un micro-réseau électrique décentralisé avec entrées exogènes aléatoires et informations contraintes". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT111/document.
Texto completo da fonteSince many years, the energy sector is undergoing significant changes. Awareness of global warming, the objective to use reduce greenhouse gas but also the scarcity of fossil energy, encourage the world to promote the use of more and more renewable energies. Electric microgrid are one of the opportunities new market on which Schneider Electric wants to launch.Microgrid are a scaled-down version of a national grid with specific objectives such as energy security, lower greenhouse gas emissions and so on. They are composed of several renewable sources (photovoltaic, wind for example), generators set, but also storage and consumers. They can be connected to a main grid or islanded. Since islanded microgrid are intrinsically composed of renewable producers with static converters, the natural grid inertia is particularly low compared to that of a classic grid with rotating machine. With this consideration, a load impact or a sudden drop of production due to renewable intermittency can destabilize the network and create chain reactions leading to a total grid blackout.Among the microgrids target markets, island whose electricity production is mostly provided by generators set presents the objective of improving an existing grid by adding renewable sources to production. These grid face strong communication constraints which can be difficult to establish, unreliable or non-existent. Thus, conventional microgrid commands do not allow to answer the presented problem.Objective of this thesis is to design the control algorithms of islanded microgrid without communication to ensure both frequency stability and to maximize renewable energy use.The presented work can be summarized in four main stages. First, several simulation models of microgrid subsystem will be defined for islanded microgrid analysis.These models will then be used to define control laws of a decentralized microgrid without communication. They will be used, inter alia, to compare performances of this decentralized control with a conventional centralized control.The third stage of the thesis will present the probabilistic certification of the decentralized algorithms in order to guarantee the desired performance.Finally, the work will end with simulation results and a real experimentation phase with the test on a 100 kVA microgrid to validate operation of algorithms
Chen, Xiaoning. "Contrôle optimal d'un disjoncteur de puissance : visualisation, mise en oeuvre d'un réseau de neurones". Cergy-Pontoise, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CERG0110.
Texto completo da fonteJiang, Lianmei. "Impédance électrique sur puces microfluidiques : contrôle de l'adhésion, de la migration et de la différentiation cellulaire". Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066330.
Texto completo da fontePaillard, Thierry. "Fatigue musculaire et contrôle postural : effets comparés de contractions électro-induites et volontaires". Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX11023.
Texto completo da fonteThe fatiguing voluntary muscular exercise disturbs muscular physiology and consequently degrades muscle strength and the bipedal and the ipsilateral unipedal postural control. This exercise also induces a cross-over of fatigue of homologous contralateral muscles but its effects on the contralateral unipedal postural control was not studied yet. Some works show that there exists a relationship between the strength loss and the degradation of postural control. The stimulated muscular exercise affecting muscle strength more that the voluntary muscular exercise, their effects on postural control should differ notably. Nevertheless, no study until now made it possible to confirm or invalidate this assumption. Moreover, it is necessary to take into account the fact that neuromuscular electrical stimulation can be applied under various conditions (only or superimposed onto muscular contraction) because their induced physiological effects appreciably differ. Thus, the aims of this work were 1) to compare the effects of the fatiguing voluntary muscular contractions on postural control with those of the stimulated contractions, 2) to compare them with the effects of the neuromuscular electrical stimulation superimposed onto voluntary contractions, 3) to study the effects of the cross-over fatigue generated by voluntary and stimulated contractions on contralateral unipedal postural control. The results show that postural control is differently affected by the 3 types of contractions (voluntary, stimulated and superimposed). Consecutive degradation with voluntary contractions is more important than that observed after stimulated and superimposed contractions. In addition, the voluntary and stimulated contractions indifferently affect contralateral unipedal postural control. Our results show that postural control disturbance is influenced by the nature of the muscular contraction (voluntary vs non voluntary) and the type of the motor unit solicited (tonic vs phasic) rather than by the magnitude of strength loss. The deterioration of contralateral unipedal postural control obviously seems to emanate from central changes that would modify the command of the homologous motoneurons
Caillard, Pierre. "Conception par optimisation d'une chaine de traction électrique et de son contrôle par modélisation multi-physique". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECLI0025/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe works of this thesis concern the optimal design methodology of an electric vehicl powertrain, in early development phase. The first part of this report introduces th environmental context of transportation in order to assess the problem of system design o an electric powertrain which includes a transmission, an induction machine, an inverter an a battery. The selected study case is a Renault Twizy. The second part deals with modelin choices and details the analytic models of the components. Then these models are pu together to get an estimate of the vehicle range, by calculating the components’ losses an the powertrain cost. The third part is devoted to methods and optimization strategies wit the objective to use the systemic model with driving cycles, electric machine control and th physics of each component, without increasing too much computing times. The final par presents results from optimal designs, by comparing several variables or objectives sets Results show how significant the systemic design is. Experiments on a test bench allow validating the hypothesis that have been made
Pouyez, Stéphane Jean-Jacques. "Caractérisation de matériaux polyphasiques évolutifs par le suivi de l'impédance électrique d'implants piezoélectriques : application aux liants hydrauliques". Artois, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ARTO0202.
Texto completo da fonteLataste, Jean-François. "Évaluation non destructive de l'état d'endommagement des ouvrages en béton armé par mesures de résistivité électrique". Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12609.
Texto completo da fonteThirree, Richard. "Mesure des compartiments corporels par bio-impédance électrique : A propos du contrôle chez quarante sujets témoins". Aix-Marseille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX20213.
Texto completo da fonteRami, Guillaume. "Contrôle de tension auto adaptatif pour des productions décentralisées d'énergie connectées au réseau électrique de distribution". Grenoble INPG, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00160675.
Texto completo da fonteVoltage fluctation problems in the distribution grid are involved by the connection of distributed generators (DG). Indeed, the productions of these generators may influence the network voltage map and the loadflow. These technical problems can lead to critical overvoltages. The current structure of the network is not adapted to a high insertion of DG. Indeed to telemetrie and communications agents are placed in the distribution grid. It is difficult to imagine solutions for voltage control using communications and measurements because of the high quantities of information and of the costs involved by these solutions. Thus, our study relates the developments of an autonomous and intelligent voltage control of such DG, using local informations. This control permit to carry out on the grid a global voltage control without DG coordination using communications. This control is able to adapt its objectives in an optimal way, to keep the voltage level between networks limits. Following the development of this control, software tests and practical tests were carried out to improve the operation of such a control on various network configurations and various productions, to prove the appliance of such a system. This work has been completed by the comparison between this local approach and a coordinated voltage control using DG
Diez, Medina Rafael. "Alimentation de puissance d'une lampe exciplexe à décharge à barrière diélectrique, en vue du contrôle du rayonnement". Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00555079.
Texto completo da fonteCiarla, Valentina. "Commande d'un système de puissance électrique pour de personne à mobilité réduite". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00950866.
Texto completo da fonteBarbier, Claude-Éric. "Modélisation et simulation du système véhicule électrique pour la conception et le contrôle de sa chaîne de traction". Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT134H.
Texto completo da fonteSalthun-Lassalle, Bénédicte. "Contrôle de la survie des neurones dopaminergiques du mésencéphale par un mécanisme dépendant de leur activité électrique". Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066462.
Texto completo da fonteBaina, Amine. "Controle d'accès pour les grandes infrastructures critiques. Application au réseau d'énergie électrique". Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00432841.
Texto completo da fonteLi, Zhan. "Nouvelle modalité de contrôle en boucle fermée de l'activation musculaire et prédiction en ligne du couple musculaire sous SEF". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20095/document.
Texto completo da fonteFunctional electrical stimulation (FES) is one of existing rehabilitationtechniques to restore lost motor functions for motor-impaired subjects. Thestimulator generates electrical pulses to drive artificial contractions of theparalysed muscles, through activating intact motor units. Currently open-loopFES system is the most frequently used. The data acquired from the open-loop FESwould help researchers to make off-line analysis for evaluating performance ofFES systems. However, it should go through a trial and error manner, which isfar from facilitating a implementation of real-time closed-loop FES system.In this thesis, we propose and develop a method for real-time EMG-feedback torqueprediction and muscle activation control toward new modality in FES.The evoked electromyography (eEMG) which can reflect electrical muscleactivities under FES, is involved in both offline and real-time FES-inducedtorque estimation and muscle control systems. FES-induced joint torque can beestimated/predicted with eEMG by employing both Kalman filter and NonlinearAuto-Regressive with Exogenous (NARX) type recurrent neural network (RNN). Theforgetting factor of Kalman filter should be properly selected in advance andalso with proper computational settings. It is a limitation for some casesespecially when we do not have prior knowledge of new subject regarding expectedmuscle response intensity induced by FES. The proposed NARX-RNN does not sufferfrom such computational setting problems and also shows better estimation/prediction performances than that of Kalman filter.Evoked EMG based torque estimator is exploited from off-line situation toonline real-time system. Recursive Kalman filter and NARX-RNN are implementedfor real-time torque estimation/prediction with evoked EMG. The performance wasverified both in able-bodied and spinal cord injured subjects. Furthermore, real-time EMG-feedback muscle activation control in FES system is developed togetherwith wireless Vivaltis stimulator for specifying directly muscle activationinstead of conventionally specifying stimulation pattern.Toward natural multiple muscles control with multi-channel FES, muscle synergyconcept was introduced for inverse estimation of muscle activations from desiredjoint moment. The averaged synergy ratio was applied for muscle activationestimation with leave-one-out cross validation manner, which resulted in 9.3%estimation error over all the subjects. This result supports the common musclesynergy-based neuroprosthetics control concept. By combining this inverse estimation of muscle activations together with real-time EMG-feedback muscle activation control, it would open a new modality toward muscle synergy-basedmulti-muscle activation control in FES
Denis, Nicolas. "Système de gestion d'énergie d'un véhicule électrique hybride rechargeable à trois roues". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5856.
Texto completo da fonteSeixas, Paulo Fernando. "Commande numérique d'une machine synchrone autopilotée : méthode algébrique de modulation de largeur d'impulsion : algorithmes de contrôle et de régulation des courants". Toulouse, INPT, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPT033H.
Texto completo da fonteGuieu, Régis. "Contribution à l'étude du contrôle sensoriel de la douleur chez l'homme : analyse des effets antalgiques des vibrations et/ou des stimulations électriques nerveuses transcutanées : approches clinique et neurochimique". Aix-Marseille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX11325.
Texto completo da fonteMansour, Ali Jawad. "Caractérisation expérimentale d'un plasma d'arc électrique en vue du contrôle de la synthèse des nanotubes de carbone monoparois". Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30064.
Texto completo da fonteThe study carried out within the framework of this thesis relates to the synthesis control of the Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs) by the electric arc technique. Three privileged regions are studied: the anodic region, the plasma medium and the growth region of SWCNTs. The plasma diagnostic was carried out by optical emission spectroscopy in order to correlate its real state (field of temperature and concentrations of the species) with the yield and purity of SWCNTs obtained. The characterization of carbon materials was realized using High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM). Many parameters are studied such as the interelectrode gap, the apparent density of the filler materials, the engine volume. . , in order to evaluate their influence on the plasma characteristics, on the thermal gradients in the growth zone, and on the yield and the purity of SWCNTs obtained. It is shown in this work that a relatively weak cooling and a high density of carbon in the plasma, coupled with high thermal gradients in the growth zone, are keys elements for obtaining high yields of clean SWCNTs
Saadi, Yakoub. "Stratégies de contrôle et analyse des défauts d'une machine à réluctance variable pour une chaîne de traction électrique". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS161/document.
Texto completo da fonteNowadays, electric and hybrid vehicles are gaining increased attention due to environmental and energy concerns. In these vehicles, the electrical machines used are the conventional machines, namely induction and permanent magnet synchronous machines. The switched reluctance machine is a potential candidate technology for electric and hybrid drivetrains. This machine designed without magnets and redundant windings, can combine the robustness and low cost of induction machines to the good performance of permanent magnet synchronous machines. In this context, the first objective of this thesis is to propose robust control strategies of the switched reluctance machine, taking into account the constraints of electric vehicles in order to make a comparative performance study. In this study, PI control, sliding mode control and higher order sliding mode control are proposed. The second objective is to develop state observers for sensorless control. Robust observers based on extended Kalman filter theory and sliding modes are synthesized to achieve this goal. Finally, the third objective is to make an analysis of electrical open-circuit faults of the electronic power stage using the signal approach in order to develop a methodology of automatic fault isolation
Dufour, Dabadie Isabelle. "Contribution à l'évolution des procédés de contrôle non destructif par capteurs inductifs : application au cas des matériaux composites carbone". Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA112123.
Texto completo da fonteDevigne, Louise. "Solutions robotiques bas coût pour l’aide à la navigation en fauteuil roulant électrique : vers une contribution dans le champ de la rééducation neurologique". Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ISAR0024/document.
Texto completo da fonteWhile the use of a wheelchair allows people with disabilities to compensate for a loss of mobility, people with severe disabilities are denied the use of a power wheelchair. Indeed, cognitive or visual perception impairments can affect the ability to drive safely. In this context, access to mobility can be improved by providing appropriate assistive technologies to compensate for loss of mobility in all types of environments. While the first research on smart wheelchairs dates back to the early 1980s, no solutions have yet been proposed on the market or in rehabilitation centers and other specialized structures. This work aims to propose a set of solutions for power wheelchair navigation assistance designed in close collaboration with users and therapists. The development of such assistive solutions faces multiple robotic challenges combining innovative detection techniques, shared control with the user. In this work, a driving simulator supporting research and development of new robotic solutions for wheelchair navigation assistance is proposed. Then low-cost semi-autonomous assistance solutions for navigation assistance in indoor and outdoor environments are detailed. The evaluation with able-bodied participants allows to validate the mathematical methods and provide proof of concept of the proposed solutions. Finally, the first clinical evaluations with regular users at Pôle MPR Saint Hélier show the validation of the proposed framework in terms of user satisfaction
Ligeret, Christophe. "Réduction de la Consommation Electrique du Contrôle-Commande des Machines Automatisées". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00555655.
Texto completo da fonteBenchaita, Lahlali. "Étude, par simulation numérique et expérimentation, d'un filtre actif parallèle à structure courant avec une nouvelle méthode de contrôle-commande". Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10279.
Texto completo da fonteBonnin, Xavier. "Alimentation électrique des dispositifs de décharge à barrière diélectrique". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/13645/1/bonnin.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteBelujon, Pauline. "Régulation de l'activité électrique du locus coeruleus et son implication dans la physiologie et la physiopathologie du contrôle moteur". Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21287.
Texto completo da fonteThe focus of this study is the main noradrenergic nucleus in the brain, the locus coeruleus (LC) which has a number of well-established physiological roles as well as being a possible cause of several pathologies. In particular, properties of GABAergic synaptic input to the LC were investigated. LC neurons express a specific set of GABA receptor subunits : α3, together with the rare subunits (epsilon) and (thêta). The pharmacology of the GABA A receptors in the LC was established and their kinetic properties described. The possible role of noradrenergic efferents from theLC in basal ganglia function was also investigated, including the action of noradrenergic agents in vivo. A positive effect of an α2 antagonist, idazoxan, on spontaneous voluntary movements which is accomlpanied by a reduction in the firing frequency of a crucial nucleus in basal ganglia function, the subthalamic nucleus (STN), was found
Vogt, Thibault. "Blocage dipolaire de l'excitation d'atomes froids vers des états de Rydberg : contrôle par champ électrique et résonance de Förster". Paris 11, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00135180.
Texto completo da fonteNaar, Samuel. "Evaluation non destructive du béton par mesures de résistivité électrique et thermographie infrarouge passive". Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13161.
Texto completo da fonteGuo, Baoling. "Modélisation et commandes avancées de systèmes hydro-électriques à vitesse variable". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT016.
Texto completo da fonteThis PhD thesis is in the frame of project Innov'hydro, which involves five joint Grenoble INP laboratories with the CNRS and Grenoble Alpes and aims to review the assembly composed by the turbine and the electric generator. Within this frame, this thesis carried out in G2Elab, is dedicated to advanced control techniques for efficiently converting the hydraulic energy into electric power.When the hydro-electric plant is connected with the grids as a supplier, namely `PQ mode', it either delivers the exact amount of active and reactive power according to the actual demand or allows to exploit the maximum of the available primary resource. This thesis is targeting on the latter case: The machine-side converter confirms the optimal rotational speed to achieve the maximum power; the grid-side converter ensures the constant DC-link voltage, and to send the good quality power to the grid. A conventional variable-speed direct drive Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG)-based topology is implemented, it is composed of a hydraulic turbine, a PMSG, back-to-back voltage source converters with PWM interacting with the three-phase grid.A Variable-Speed Hydro-Electric Plant (VS-HEP) is a nonlinear time-varying system disturbed by various uncertainties. Thus, this thesis devotes more efforts to improving the control robustness and disturbance rejection ability. The contributions of this thesis are as follows:1. Hydraulic model and PHIL implementation• A reduced-scale hydraulic model is flexibly established for various laboratory operation conditions.• The dynamic model of guide vane actuator is introduced in order to take into account the effects of the induced dynamics on the whole electric performance.• Based on the flexible real-time PHIL benchmark in G2Elab, a variable speed hydraulic test rig is built, being adapted to the proposed reduced-scale model.2. Advanced control of high robustness and disturbance rejection ability• An ADRC-based speed controller is proposed to improve the speed tracking performance, thus enabling efficient MPPT operation. Besides, a torque observer is incorporated to mitigate the effects caused by hydraulic torque variations. Experimental results prove its advantages for VS-HEP application.• An enhanced ESO-based controller is implemented into DC-link control loop. It achieves higher robustness and improve control dynamics. And it is simple to design and employ for practical engineers.3. ESO-based synchronization technique• An enhanced ESO-PLL is proposed. The internal uncertainties and external disturbances in PLL system are estimated via ESO and actively compensated into closed-loop dynamics in real-time, which can achieve high robustness in dealing with disturbances.• A Generalized Integrator (GI)-ESO is proposed for system with high-frequency sinusoidal disturbances. A generalized integrator is introduced to estimate the high-frequency disturbance in the design.• A GI-ESO-based PLL is proposed for under power quality degradation issues (unbalanced voltage, harmonics, and voltage offset). The high-frequency errors appearing in the estimated phase can be eliminated by employing the GI-ESO.4. Optimal management of pumped-storage hydro-electric plant• A forward dynamic program approach is used to optimally manage the pumping and generating operation time for a hybrid pumped-storage hydro-electric system.• The profits for all operation regimes of variable speed operation and fixed speed are compared.• The daily profits increase compared with the normal operation mode, meanwhile, it can maintain the hydraulic restrictions and water consumption to local residents