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van der Geest, Coen, e Joey van Angeren. "Architectural Generativity: Leveraging Complementor Contributions to the Platform Architecture". California Management Review 65, n.º 2 (fevereiro de 2023): 71–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00081256231159398.
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In the context of platforms, an open architecture is instrumental in enabling innovation by complementors. But as complementors increasingly deplete the innovation opportunities that the platform architecture affords, the platform architecture must evolve to reinvigorate the platform’s generative capacity. This article underscores the role of complementors in the process of platform architecture evolution by introducing the notion of architectural generativity. Architectural generativity involves actively soliciting and selectively incorporating contributions from complementors to help evolve the platform in unforeseen ways. In the case of the Mozilla Firefox web browser platform, complementors contributed new ways to facilitate access to the platform’s technological components and suggested better ways to control the platform and its architecture.
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Hosein, Ian, Prodromos Tsiavos e Edgar A. Whitley. "Regulating Architecture and Architectures of Regulation: Contributions from Information Systems". International Review of Law, Computers & Technology 17, n.º 1 (março de 2003): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1360086032000063147.
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Becheru, Raluca. "The philosophy of architecture in analytic tradition: An enquiry on the possibility of the field and its themes". SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal 8, n.º 2 (2016): 309–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/saj1602309b.
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The paper focuses on the new field of philosophy of architecture in analytic tradition. The research presented in this paper is part of an ongoing doctoral research concerning the connection between ethics and aesthetics in architecture. The connection between architecture and philosophy is not a novelty. Architectural theory has always looked up to philosophy for inspiration but only recently philosophers have started to study architecture in detail. Architectural theory is still a field that is in search of a better conceptual frame after the failure of the theoretical premises of the Modern Movement and the rise of the "theory speak". Architecture's features as a public art ask for a certain amount of objectivity. The philosophy of architecture in analytic tradition can contribute to a more objective conceptual frame. The principal concerns are familiar to those acquainted with continental philosophy: What makes architecture special among the arts? What is the essence of an architectural work? How we can better define architecture's social mission? But the way of answering them is different. The ethical dimension of architecture is one of the most debated subjects among architects in recent years. There are several contributions on the connection between ethics and aesthetics in the philosophy of architecture in analytic tradition. They have the potential to have an impact on architectural theory and practice.
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Timpson, Nicholas J., Celia M. T. Greenwood, Nicole Soranzo, Daniel J. Lawson e J. Brent Richards. "Heritable contributions versus genetic architecture". Nature Reviews Genetics 19, n.º 3 (março de 2018): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrg.2018.7.
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Sun, He, Yan Yang, Yanxia Han, Mingjin Tian, Bin Li, Li Han, Aifeng Wang, Wei Wang, Rui Zhao e Yiming He. "X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of wood degradation in old architecture". BioResources 15, n.º 3 (2 de julho de 2020): 6332–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.3.6332-6343.
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To investigate the decay mechanisms of red oak (Quercus rubra) and hemor (Schima spp.) woods in the old architectural structure of Xichuan Guild Hall, chemical composition changes were determined and analyzed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that decaying resulted in a noticeable decrease of the O/C from 0.59 to 0.42 in the red oak wooden components. The increase of C1 contribution, decrease of C4 contribution, increase of O1 and O3 contributions, and decrease of O2 contribution indicated that the carbohydrates in red oak wooden components can be easily degraded by fungi compared with lignin. Moreover, decaying resulted in a slight decrease of the O/C from 0.49 to 0.47 in the hemor wooden components. The results of increase of C1 contribution, decrease of C3 and C4 contributions, increase of O1, and decrease of O2 and O3 contributions indicated that carbohydrate and lignin were all degraded by fungi.
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Milburn, Lee-Anne S., Robert D. Brown, Susan J. Mulley e Stewart G. Hilts. "Assessing academic contributions in landscape architecture". Landscape and Urban Planning 64, n.º 3 (julho de 2003): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-2046(02)00204-9.
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Maturana, Beatriz, Ashraf M. Salama e Anthony McInneny. "Architecture, urbanism and health in a post-pandemic virtual world". Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research 15, n.º 1 (11 de março de 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arch-02-2021-0024.
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PurposeThe highly contagious coronavirus and the rapid spread of COVID-19 disease have generated a global public health crisis. Crises are being addressed at various local and global scales through social distancing measures and guidelines, emerging working and living patterns and the utilisation of technology to partially replace physical learning environments. The purpose of this article is to capture the key messages of the contributions published in this special edition of Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research, Volume 15, Issue 1, March 2021. Reviewing more than 70 submissions, 15 articles have been identified that are contributed by 35 scholars, educators and practitioners from 12 countries. The article calls for the need to embed trans-disciplinarity in current and future built environment research.Design/methodology/approachDriven by the fact that architecture, urban design and planning and built environment studies interact and have direct correlation with public health and virus spread. The approach to develop and present the key messages of the contributions is premised on three areas: (a) the pandemic condition as it relates to the built environment, (b) analytical reflections on the emerging themes and (c) the diversity and complexity embedded in these themes.FindingsWhile some contributions speak to the particularities of their contexts, others address regional or global parameters. The enquiry into architectural research, architectural education and architectural design indicates some of the important methods and tools to address the accelerated adoption, adaption and redesign needed to create a new and better normal which embeds flexibility, adaptability and continuous learning. The papers represent brilliant investiture to address the momentous insinuations the COVID-19 condition has on the built environment.Research limitations/implicationsThe diversity of implications reveals potential alternative futures for urbanity and society and the associated education and practice of future built environment professions. While the contributions invite us to critically envisage possibilities for future research and collective action, critical fast-track empirical research is needed to address how health is an integral component in the production of architecture and urban environments.Originality/valueThe diversity, complexity, depth and breadth of the contribution convey important insights on people, health and the spatial environments that accommodate both. Trans-disciplinarity, as it relates to research and action and to the production of urban environments, is viewed as a form of learning involving co-operation among different parts of society, professionals and academia in order to meet complex challenges of society such this pandemic condition. This approach has enabled the identification of three future research areas in architecture urbanism that include implications of virus spread on urban environments, how spatial and social distancing measures and protocols are altering our understanding of spatial design.
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Wong, Kachun Alex. "Chinese Exceptionalism in Architecture and Urban Design: A Book Review". Journal of Chinese Architecture and Urbanism 4, n.º 2 (20 de outubro de 2022): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.36922/jcau.v4i2.161.
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This essay reviews three books on contemporary Chinese urbanism. The first book, Designing Reform, understands the exceptionalism of Chinese reform through architectural evidence. The second book, The Shenzhen Experiment, further argues for the exceptionalism and non-replicability of Shenzhen reform. The third book, The City After Chinese New Towns, similarly highlights the unprecedentedness of Chinese new towns. These three recent publications collectively aim to demystify contemporary Chinese urbanism, and have done so with a sensibility towards space, geography, materiality, and infrastructure. These authors and editors are mainly architectural researchers leveraging disciplinary contributions to the discussion of post-socialist China. In turn, they have also contributed to the field of architecture and urban design with rich case studies in China. This review essay aims to understand (i) their geographical and spatial perspectives, (ii) their architectural design perspectives, and (iii) how they address social justice issues. It seeks to formulate contemporary Chinese urbanization as an object of inquiry, to “exceptionalize” Chinese phenomena, and to argue for the pedagogical contribution of Chinese case studies to architecture and urban design.
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Khaskheli, Rabia, e Weiping Zhang. "Analysis of Historical Built Baradaris (Pavilions) Architecture in Pakistan". International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research 12, n.º 07 (25 de julho de 2021): 1356–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14299/ijser.2021.07.12.
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Baradaris (Pavilions) made by Ali Mardan Khan, one of the most important Persian nobles of Shah Jahan’s reign, Sikh era Pavilions, Pathan’s Pavilion, Prince Kamran’s Baradari and other nobles in the dynasty of Mughal was a significant contribution to the field of architecture and landscape design. Their lives Histories are documented, but their contributions in the context of Mughal architecture haven’t received adequate attention from scholars.
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Dukić, Anđela. "Branko Popović as a contemporary and critic of Belgrade's architecture scene". Nasledje, n.º 24 (2023): 183–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/nasledje2324183d.
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The activity of Branko Popović is primarily defined in historiography through valorizations of his artistic oeuvre and his role as an art critic, one that he continuously undertook during the first half of the 20th century. Given that Popović's contributions to architectural criticism and the interpretation of contemporary architectural phenomena and problems have often lain outside the main scope of particular research endeavours, instead often being presented in summarial form within monographs and anthologies, there is an acute need for elaboration of this area of his outputs. Popović primarily received his higher education at the Technical Faculty in Belgrade, where he later held the role of professor of history of art and architecture, and during the Second World War he held the position of Dean. The aim of this work is to present, through the review and analysis of articles published in pre-war and inter-war periodicals, another aspect of Popović's interpretations and criticisms, based on perceptions of and participations in contemporary events in the field of architecture, which would complete his contribution to the shaping of artistic thought.
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Lin, Y. C. "Application of Integration of HBIM and VR Technology to 3D Immersive Digital Management—Take Han Type Traditional Architecture as an Example". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W5 (18 de agosto de 2017): 443–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w5-443-2017.
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HBIM technology makes great contributions to 3D digital preservation and management of the existing traditional architectures, and VR technology has also been gradually emphasized by 3D users in recent years, especially 3D immersive situation makes users more likely to experience the real space field. Taking Han type traditional architecture with relatively complex geometrical structure as an example, this research carries out digital preservation through HBIM technology and tries to switch to VR platform to allow users to enter 3D immersive scene for management and display. It is shown in the research results that the application of integration of HBIM and VR technology to Han type traditional architecture needs to consider 3D digital model of the architecture, and the number of polygon shall be controlled below about 2 million, which can make the operation in VR environment more smooth; the integration of two technologies can achieve the purpose of 3D immersive digital management, which can provide the humanized application close to the real experience for the display of subsequent management of ancient relics and architectural aesthetics.
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Khandelwal, Vishal. "On the Aspirations of Architecture and Design in 20th-Century South Asia". ARTMargins 12, n.º 2 (1 de junho de 2023): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artm_r_00352.
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Abstract This review compares The Museum of Modern Art's exhibition “The Project of Independence: Architectures of Decolonization in South Asia, 1947-1985” (2022) to Farhan Karim's Of Greater Dignity Than Riches: Austerity and Housing Design in India (2019). These two examples’ distinct approaches to architecture and design in twentieth-century South Asia are conditioned by their respective formats and scopes. Both the exhibition and the book draw attention to the ideas, ambitions, and aspirations undergirding architecture and design in the region, and as expressed by agents including architects, designers, bureaucrats, construction workers, intellectuals, and critics. They do so, however, towards variant critical ends that are juxtaposed and compared in this review. The final portion of this review discusses how questions of architectural and design production and conception, central towards understanding the intellectual contributions of architects, designers, and their collaborators, stand enhanced through a focus on issues of representation that also make their way into historical archives, and as such might be critically enfolded within historical narratives.
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Sharif, Mohamed. "Surface Architecture". Architectural Research Quarterly 7, n.º 1 (março de 2003): 88–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135503222016.
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Notwithstanding contributions such as those articulated in Kenneth Frampton's Studies in Tectonic Culture (MIT Press, 1995), few authors have furthered a clear discourse concerning the relationships between construction techniques and formal ideas in architecture subsequent to the late twentieth-century critiques of Western Modernity. Moreover, such writing as there has been has tended to draw from the supposedly redemptive, recuperative and largely Heideggerian tenor of concerns regarding the relationship of humankind to technology and its desired capacity for architecture to mitigate, if not completely resist, the assumed imminent threat of technology to life itself.
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Shuja, Shajeea, e Rabela Junejo. "Appropriating Indo-Saracenic style: Bhai Ram Singh’s contributions to the architectural identity of 19th century Lahore". Journal of Traditional Building, Architecture and Urbanism, n.º 1 (20 de novembro de 2020): 357–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.51303/jtbau.vi1.363.
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After 1857, when India became a direct colony of the British Crown, was the architectural style adopted by the colonial masters an attempt at subverting the local identity and reasserting their supremacy via architecture or was its purpose to engage their institutions with their context? Was the Indo-Saracenic style of architecture anachronistic and reductive in nature or was it a way to draw on the past? What role did the Jeypore Portfolio play in negotiating colonial intent by appropriating traditional building culture? How did Bhai Ram Singh mediate an identity for 19th century Lahore by contextualizing Indo-Saracenic architecture? This exploratory study attempts to answer these questions using existing literary sources and by considering buildings designed by Bhai Ram Singh in the city of Lahore. The paper also critically evaluates the agency of the Jeypore Portfolio for Indo-Saracenic architecture, how it reduced the centuries-old local building tradition to a limited palette of details, and Bhai Ram Singh’s attempts to re-inform it from the native’s perspective.
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Salama, Ashraf M. "Knowledge spaces in architecture and urbanism – a preliminary five-year chronicle". Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research 16, n.º 1 (3 de fevereiro de 2022): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arch-12-2021-0360.
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PurposeCommemorating the 15th year anniversary of discourse, knowledge dissemination in architecture and urbanism through the contributions published in Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research, since March 2007, this article aims to capture, unpack and categorize the key content of published research outputs during the last five years into knowledge spaces.Design/methodology/approachWhile referring to key statistics of various recognized databases in order to highlight the journal growth, development and performance, the approach to the analysis is inspired by Crysler's Writing Spaces: Discourses of Architecture, Urbanism and the Built Environment. This is established through a preliminary conceptual content analysis that enables the development of specific content categories representing knowledge spaces based on the overall contributions to the journal since its inception in 2007 and then mapping the recent contributions, developed over the past five years (2017–2021), to these knowledge spaces. The thrust of the analysis is to instigate a structured understanding of Archnet-IJAR role in the development and dissemination of knowledge in architecture and urbanism.FindingsThe examination of the content and the analysis reveal two broad categories of knowledge spaces: established and evolving. Established knowledge spaces are recognized in terms of theorizing architectural and urban production; the public realm and assessment of designed environments; housing, the informal and the vernacular; urban heritage and historic environments; and architectural and urban politics. Evolving knowledge spaces were acknowledged in terms of architectural education and design pedagogy; collaborative planning and community design; architectural and urban sustainability and resilience; health, wellbeing and engaging with nature; and COVID-19 spatial and pedagogical implications. Characterized by clear definition and at the same time transparent borders, the identified knowledge spaces have the potential of generating further possibilities for future knowledge spaces.Research limitations/implicationsIn addition to a holistic analysis based on the scrutiny of contributions as they progressed from submissions to reviews to publishing, future work would involve more systematization, in-depth engagement with metadata and should benefit from IT applications and data mining software packages.Practical implicationsThis article is regarded as a cognizance platform and an enabling mechanism for researchers and future contributors to identify the unique particularities of their research, the nature of the content they aim to develop and the way in which that content may contribute to one or more knowledge spaces.Originality/valueEstablishing an understanding of the knowledge spaces which represent contributions published in Archnet-IJAR, the knowledge spaces identified demonstrate diversity and plurality; diversity in ontological interpretations of the nature of reality and plurality and pluri-epistemology in terms of how methods are pursued and the way in which such interpretations are developed, recorded, documented and communicated. These are knowledge spaces of possibilities and anticipation of growth, evolution and development.
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Di Quarto, Gabriele, Antonino Labate e Maurizio Malaspina. "Open Source Architecture for "Nuovo CEP"". Advanced Engineering Forum 11 (junho de 2014): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.11.171.
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The Open Source Architecture (OSArc) is a new collaborative way to design common and shared areas at an architectural level, but also at an urban and technological level, etc.. It allows you to participate in the design phase both practically, with your technical contributions, and actively, with constructive criticism and intelligent and innovative suggestions. We thought of using this new design paradigm to make the Nuovo CEP project feasible and economically sustainable through the cooperation of both professionals and non-professionals (i.e. inhabitants, students, etc.). Nuovo CEP is a project, which aims to redevelop a suburban neighbourhood and transform it into a mini smart solar city. The OSArc for Nuovo CEP is realized by means of a wiki website where all interested users can register and insert their contributions together with others members of the community. In this paper, we are going to explain the Nuovo CEP project and its objectives, which will be a guideline and an inspiring source for users contributions. Then we will explain the wiki website structure used to implement the platform for the OSArc.
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Sprunger, Keith L. "Puritan Church Architecture and Worship in a Dutch Context". Church History 66, n.º 1 (março de 1997): 36–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3169631.
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English Puritans have only a small reputation for aesthetic contributions to architecture. In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, they worshiped God without making a show of buildings or beautiful ceremonies; consequently, there are few grand Puritan architectural monuments. Nonseparating Puritans, blending into the larger church, put their emphasis on the pure preaching and practice of biblical religion, not on outward appearances. And the Separatists, the strictest of the Puritans, gathered in disguised house-churches. Because of this artistic silence it is easy to downplay the importance of architectural concerns in the early history of Puritanism. Whenever historians mention “Puritan” architecture or “nonconformist” architecture, they are likely to describe it as simple, plain, functional, humble, austere, and practical. While true as far as it goes, this description is not the whole story. An examination of Puritan discussions about architecture in early seventeenth-century Netherlands reveals the interplay of theological and practical factors in creating the “proper” church architecture.
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Millán-Gómez, Antonio. "A Convergence of Traditions: Saint Lawrence Chapel, by Avanto Architects". VLC arquitectura. Research Journal 4, n.º 2 (24 de outubro de 2017): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/vlc.2017.3913.
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<p>Debates on the actuality of modern architecture by new contributions could be considered by critics as a deviation from its essence. In such a context, some works by Finnish studies exhibited at the Museum of Finnish Architecture in Spring, 2015 provide fresh approaches with their proposals and interest us here to reconsider architectural modernity with alterative readings. Project ideas are fused and converge towards new proposals in a process of continuity, from which only the concrete buildings experience, with enlightening phenomenal qualities, redeem us. We concentrate on a chapel by Avanto Architects in which interests from the second generation of modern architecture and the masters of Nordic Architecture can be appreciated.</p>
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Rana, Ranvir, Sreeram Kannan, David Tse e Pramod Viswanath. "Free2Shard". ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review 50, n.º 1 (20 de junho de 2022): 113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3547353.3522651.
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In this paper, we formulate and study a new, but basic, distributed resource allocation problem arising in scaling blockchain performance. While distributed resource allocation is a well-studied problem in networking, the blockchain setting additionally requires the solution to be resilient to adversarial behavior from a fraction of nodes. Scaling blockchain performance is a basic research topic; a plethora of solutions (under the umbrella of sharding) have been proposed in recent years. Although the various sharding solutions share a common thread (they cryptographically stitch together multiple parallel chains), architectural differences lead to differing resource allocation problems. In this paper we make three main contributions: (a) we categorize the different sharding proposals under a common architectural framework, allowing for the emergence of a new, uniformly improved, uni-consensus sharding architecture. (b) We formulate and exactly solve a core resource allocation problem in the uni-consensus sharding architecture -- our solution, Free2shard, is adversary-resistant and achieves optimal throughput. The key technical contribution is a mathematical connection to the classical work of Blackwell approachability in dynamic game theory. (c) We implement the sharding architecture atop a full-stack blockchain in 3000 lines of code in Rust -- we achieve a throughput of more than 250,000 transactions per second with 6 shards, a vast improvement over state-of-the-art.
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Rana, Ranvir, Sreeram Kannan, David Tse e Pramod Viswanath. "Free2Shard". Proceedings of the ACM on Measurement and Analysis of Computing Systems 6, n.º 1 (24 de fevereiro de 2022): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3508031.
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In this paper, we study a canonical distributed resource allocation problem arising in blockchains. While distributed resource allocation is a well-studied problem in networking, the blockchain setting additionally requires the solution to be resilient to adversarial behavior from a fraction of nodes. Scaling blockchain performance is a basic research topic; a plethora of solutions (under the umbrella of sharding ) have been proposed in recent years. Although the various sharding solutions share a common thread (they cryptographically stitch together multiple parallel chains), architectural differences lead to differing resource allocation problems. In this paper we make three main contributions: (a) we categorize the different sharding proposals under a common architectural framework, allowing for the emergence of a new, uniformly improved, uni-consensus sharding architecture. (b) We formulate and exactly solve a core resource allocation problem in the uni-consensus sharding architecture -- our solution, Free2shard, is adversary-resistant and achieves optimal throughput. The key technical contribution is a mathematical connection to the classical work of Blackwell approachability in dynamic game theory. (c) We implement the sharding architecture atop a full-stack blockchain in 3000 lines of code in Rust -- we achieve a throughput of more than 250,000 transactions per second with 6 shards, a vast improvement over state-of-the-art.
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Hamarat, Yaprak, Clémentine Schelings e Catherine Elsen. "Participation: A Disciplinary Border for Architectural Research and Practice". Architecture 2, n.º 4 (7 de novembro de 2022): 711–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/architecture2040038.
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This editorial note provides an extended summary and transversal analysis of ten articles gathered for the 2022 Special Issue on participation in contemporary architecture. The call for contribution circulated in June 2021 attracted papers from Central Europe (n=8) and North America (n=2), and presents an overview of ongoing practices and research in participatory architecture in these areas. The Special Issue aimed to study the connections between disciplines and gathered nine empirical cases and one literature review. In this editorial note, we first analyze these contributions to better understand the nature of architecture in participating in the profiles of end-users and project teams, and the scale of the projects. Secondly, we highlight four lessons taken from these practices and studies: we emphasize how participation in architecture (1) emerges and operates in interstitial spaces; (2) often deployed for and with “vulnerable” end-user groups, this “vulnerability” provides power and originality to processes and outcomes; (3) inspirational principles, guides, and frameworks are produced as outcomes; and finally, (4) social architectures are deployed beyond tangible concepts through a multilevel relationship to pedagogy. Finally, we observe that reflections on gender, politics, decoloniality, and disciplinary transfers remain underexplored and need to be explicitly studied and integrated.
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Karadağ, A. A., D. Demiroğlu, I. Sezen e T. Birişçi. "Evaluating the contributions of internship to landscape architecture education". Journal of Environmental Biology 41, n.º 2(SI) (15 de abril de 2020): 365–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/41/2(si)/jeb-13.
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Karslı, Umut Tuğlu, e Serpil Özker. "The Contributions of Workshops on Formal Interior Architecture Education". Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 152 (outubro de 2014): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.09.152.
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D’Alessandro, Martina. "Oswald Mathias Ungers at Belvederestrasse: Self-portrait in the Studio". Athens Journal of Architecture 8, n.º 4 (5 de outubro de 2022): 405–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/aja.8-4-5.
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Planning implies a double register of actions. On the one hand the architect establishes a dialogue with the reality, performing a maieutic action that allows him to arrive to an epiphany concerning the context’s deepest meanings. On the other hand, the obstetrical role of the architect is propaedeutic to the creative act of designing that, in the poietic impetus, pushes the architect towards the definition of a dynamic continuum of renewed principles. In the tension between maieutic and poietic, between autonomy and heteronomy of the architectural discipline, the nature of architecture is rooted. Working with the interdisciplinary dimension of architecture corresponds to the opportunity of drawing a cultural self-portrait, of which it is possible to decrypt the traits through the patient scanning of images, photographs, objects collected in the memorabilia. Individuals like Oswald Mathias Ungers (1926-2007) express, in an extraordinarily clear and fascinating way, the attitude of working within architecture through other disciplines. OMU arrives on the scene of architectural culture not only for his works and his theoretical contributions, but also for the importance of his art and rare books private collection. The collected artworks are matrixes at the basis of his architectures, they reflect his ideas through the free tools of art. Ungers’ studiolo, built in his house in Belvederestrasse in Cologne, assumes the value of a place of retreat in an ideal and inscrutable spot, in which Ungers can study his art collection and reflect on the cultural matrixes of his architecture. The thesis that this essay wants to explore is the relationship between OMU’s architecture and the system of references to the sister arts of architecture, considering the Kubus-Haus as a paradigm of this interdisciplinary interweaving based on suggestions, analogies, similarities, connections and overlaps, that have created a general and complicated system akin to a palimpsest.
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Camargo, Mônica Junqueira de. "Jorge Caron y la cultura arquitectónica de São Paulo". Risco Revista de Pesquisa em Arquitetura e Urbanismo (Online) 21 (21 de dezembro de 2023): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1984-4506.risco.2023.223296.
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The trajectory of architect Jorge Osvaldo Caron, developed between the mid-1960s and 1990s, sharing design and teaching, with incursions in the visual, scenic, and cinema arts is obliterated by the historiography of modern São Paulo architecture. His works and his teaching activities in five different educational institutions are important contributions to architectural culture, from which and from his relations with his contemporaries, it is possible to broaden the understanding of modern architecture. The objective of this investigation is to analyse Caron’s work in the context in which it was carried out and its relations with the work of his contemporaries, providing new readings about this architecture.
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Anil, Ar Seema. "From Temples to Theaters: Unveiling the Layers of Life in Classical Greece and Rome through Architectural Typologies". INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 07, n.º 12 (30 de dezembro de 2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem27856.
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This research comprehensively explores the architectural legacies of Ancient Greek and Roman civilizations, delving into the innovative concepts of order in Greek architecture and the classical orders of Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. The Parthenon, an iconic Greek temple, serves as an exemplar of these orders, highlighting aesthetic and structural ideals. Beyond temples, Greek architecture embraces diverse typologies like marketplaces, theaters, palaestrae, bouleuterions, and auditoriums. Shifting focus to Roman civilization renowned for grandeur and gladiatorial spectacles, the paper examines architectural contributions and monumental structures, exemplified by the Pantheon's innovative material usage and dome construction. The exploration extends to various Roman typologies, including theaters, amphitheaters, thermae, and aqueducts, revealing the multifaceted nature of Roman urban planning. Chronologically tracing Greek architectural evolution, the paper examines the Parthenon's construction and refinements. Greek typologies such as theaters, agora, stoae, palaestra, and bouleuterion are scrutinized for cultural significance and civic importance. Transitioning to Roman architectural developments, the paper highlights contributions, innovations, and monumental structures defining Roman civilization. Roman thermae and aqueducts emerge as engineering marvels, underscoring sophistication in public spaces. Surviving structures in the Roman Forum symbolize Roman achievements. This exploration aims to unravel intricate connections between the built environment and socio-cultural, political, and economic dynamics in both ancient societies. The legacy of Greek and Roman architecture, seen in temples, public spaces, and cultural hubs, leaves an indelible mark on history, offering insights into collective identities and aspirations of classical antiquity. Key Words: Architectural Legacies, Classical Orders, Greek Typologies, Roman Urban Planning, Socio-cultural Dynamics
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Dalpati, Rachita. "A Study of Vernacular Architecture of Tamil Nadu". INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, n.º 04 (4 de abril de 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem30030.
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This research study examines the rich legacy of vernacular architecture in Tamil Nadu, India, with an emphasis on its historical relevance, architectural features, and sustainable practices. Tamil Nadu's vernacular architecture has a wide spectrum of forms, from major Dravidian temples to simple the village houses. These structures provide not just functional needs, but also represent the communities' cultural identity and religious values. Furthermore, vernacular architecture in Tamil Nadu is highly sensitive to the local environment, with buildings planned to maximize natural ventilation, lighting, and thermal comfort. Traditional building materials like lime, timber, and terracotta are supplied locally, reducing environmental effects, and encouraging sustainability. Focusing on historical documents and academic research this study investigates the cultural, socioeconomic, and environmental influences that have impacted Tamil Nadu's vernacular architecture throughout the centuries. It also examines the current relevance of traditional architectural techniques in the context of growing urbanization and industrialization, highlighting the importance of maintaining and incorporating indigenous knowledge into sustainable development initiatives. Through case studies and comparative research, the article emphasizes the adaptability of Tamil Nadu's vernacular architecture, as well as its potential contributions to modern architectural discourse and sustainable design practices. Keywords- Vernacular, architecture, climate responsiveness, sustainability, Tamil Nadu, South India, courtyard, Chettinad.
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Bargenda, Angela. "Building Meaning". Journal of Macromarketing 38, n.º 3 (17 de julho de 2018): 262–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0276146718789232.
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This conceptual article seeks to demonstrate the pertinence of corporate architecture as an integrative tool in spatial marketing systems. Architecture is explored in a dialectical perspective, both as a functional built form and a symbolic vector of ideologies. Architecture intersects with micro-level and macro-level marketing systems, as it inherently projects corporate identity while referring to broader artistic, social and historical parameters. It is argued that these macromarketing dimensions and their meaning-generating potential add significant value to market exchanges. A special focus on corporate architecture in the banking sector shows the value of architectural narratives in changing marketing environments. The article makes two contributions to macromarketing research. It (1) firmly establishes corporate architecture within marketing systems and (2) shows how symbolic meaning can be derived from the macro-level environmental, historical and cultural properties of buildings.
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DANILOVA, Elina V. "THE RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURAL TREATISES". Urban construction and architecture 7, n.º 4 (15 de dezembro de 2017): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2017.04.13.
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The article is devoted to the architectural theory created in the Renaissance. During this period, for the fi rst time since Antiquity, a classical theory of architecture was created and developed, which until today largely determines modern theory. In the architectural theory of the Renaissance separate sections were developed, which eventually turned into separate directions, and retain their autonomy today. The article deals with the features of the historical evolution of architectural theory in the 15th-16th centuries, the theoretical contributions of the authors of the theory and topics that are common to all treatises are analyzed. The conclusion is made about the constants of the theory of architecture that determine its meaning and structure, regardless of the features of historical periods.
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Gómez-Porter, Pablo Francisco. "La vivienda colectiva de la modernidad en tiempos de COVID19 aportaciones del paradigma habitacional". Arquitecturas del Sur 38, n.º 59 (30 de janeiro de 2021): 28–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22320/07196466.2021.39.059.02.
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Modern collective housing generated an urban-architectural design paradigm, which incorporated spaces whose design promoted, following modern architects, health and hygiene through the circulation of clean air, natural lighting and ventilation inside dwellings, as well as in the shared spaces and those where people move around, characteristic of this housing typology. These design elements seem to be useful to reduce the spread of the SarsCov2 virus, that is currently affecting the entire world. Field and online work was carried out with the inhabitants of the CUPA, a housing complex representative of modern architecture in Mexico City, to verify this assumption. Using volumetric reconstructions and online questionnaires, the design elements that embody modern ideals, aimed at ensuring healthy indoor and outdoor spaces, were analysed. The usefulness of the collective facilities, public spaces and the design of the four housing typologies found within the, were assessed. The results of the study and the absence of COVID-19 cases in CUPA help to prove the validity that modern architecture has regained during the global pandemic, as well as the importance of the lessons from the past to integrate new design paradigms for a post-Covid architecture.
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Nickson, Tom. "The Alfonso X’s patronage of Gothic architecture". Revista de Poética Medieval 35 (30 de novembro de 2021): 197–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.37536/rpm.2021.35.35.88793.
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This article examines the architectural patronage of King Alfonso X and the notion of a ‘Court Style’ in thirteenth-century Gothic architecture. Following brief consideration of problems of evidence, I briefly sketch common characteristics of the architectural patronage of Alfonso’s royal rivals and allies across Europe and the Iberian Peninsula. This prompts reassessment of the king’s relationships with mendicant and Cistercian orders, and then detailed consideration of his financial contributions to the cathedrals of Toledo, Burgos and León. Although royal heraldry and imagery is prominent in all three cathedrals, I argue that Alfonso probably did not play a significant role in promoting rayonnant architecture in his kingdom. The most distinctive feature of his patronage lies in his support for work on the converted mosque-cathedrals of Seville and especially Córdoba. Finally, I consider a number of projects associated with Alfonso in Seville, notably the Gothic palace in the Alcázar.
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Alwadain, Ayed. "Enterprise Architecture: A Business Value Realization Model". Sustainability 12, n.º 20 (14 de outubro de 2020): 8485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208485.
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Today, as organizations face constant change, they must rapidly adapt their strategies and operations. This involves continuous business transformation. However, guiding and managing such transformation can be an intimidating task because of organizational complexity. Hence, organizations resort to Enterprise Architecture (EA) to address this complexity and achieve their transformation goals. Nonetheless, there is a lack of research on EA benefits realization and a dearth of conclusive evidence on how EA enables business transformation and delivers value to organizations. Therefore, this research uses a case study method to explore how EA investment is converted into organizational value. This research makes two contributions. The first of these is the development of an EA value realization model, which comprises three iterative and interrelated processes: the EA conversion process, the EA use process, and the EA competitive process. The second contribution is the identification of factors that may influence the value realization process.
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Sajid, Asher, Muhammad Rashid, Malik Imran e Atif Raza Jafri. "A Low-Complexity Edward-Curve Point Multiplication Architecture". Electronics 10, n.º 9 (3 de maio de 2021): 1080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10091080.
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The Binary Edwards Curves (BEC) are becoming more and more important, as compared to other forms of elliptic curves, thanks to their faster operations and resistance against side channel attacks. This work provides a low-complexity architecture for point multiplication computations using BEC over GF(2233). There are three major contributions in this article. The first contribution is the reduction of instruction-level complexity for unified point addition and point doubling laws by eliminating multiple operations in a single instruction format. The second contribution is the optimization of hardware resources by minimizing the number of required storage elements. Finally, the third contribution is to reduce the number of required clock cycles by incorporating a 32-bit finite field digit-parallel multiplier in the datapath. As a result, the achieved throughput over area ratio over GF(2233) on Virtex-4, Virtex-5, Virtex-6 and Virtex-7 Xilinx FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) devices are 2.29, 19.49, 21.5 and 20.82, respectively. Furthermore, on the Virtex-7 device, the required computation time for one point multiplication operation is 18 µs, while the power consumption is 266 mW. This reveals that the proposed architecture is best suited for those applications where the optimization of both area and throughput parameters are required at the same time.
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Búliková, Lívia. "Innovations in sacral architecture: The resettlement churches of Emil Belluš". Architecture Papers of the Faculty of Architecture and Design STU 28, n.º 2 (1 de junho de 2023): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/alfa-2023-0011.
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Abstract The 20th century saw a great breakthrough in architectural innovation; however, this was less evident in sacred buildings. The Evangelical Church of A. C. was inherently innovative, which was also reflected in the architecture of its churches. The innovativeness of the evangelical denomination can be seen in completely new spatial concepts, morphology, the use of new constructions, materials and building technologies, including modern technical equipment of sacral spaces. This article focuses on two buildings by one architect—Emil Belluš (1899-1979), a doyen of Slovak architecture, whose work significantly influenced the field of sacral architecture of the Evangelical Church of A. C. Innovative contributions can first be seen in the design and later in the construction of two evangelical churches in Nesvady and Senec, in Slovakia, built in the 1950s. The churches were part of a project originally intending to build ten new churches for people who had been resettled as part of the government's post-war migration policy. For several decades, these two churches have remained the last addition to sacral buildings constructed in Slovakia. The article deals with the reasons for the creation of church plans, the socio-political situation of that time, circumstances of their construction, and spiritual ideas and creative contribution of the architect Emil Belluš. The research is based on a detailed study of these temples, their layout, and the use of new technologies, construction principles, morphological elements, and other architectural means in which we seek and define an innovative approach to creation.
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Brax, Saara A., Anu Bask, Juliana Hsuan e Chris Voss. "Service modularity and architecture – an overview and research agenda". International Journal of Operations & Production Management 37, n.º 6 (5 de junho de 2017): 686–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-03-2017-0191.
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Purpose Services are highly important in a world economy which has increasingly become service driven. There is a growing need to better understand the possibilities for, and requirements of, designing modular service architectures. The purpose of this paper is to elaborate on the roots of the emerging research stream on service modularity, provide a concise overview of existing work on the subject, and outline an agenda for future research on service modularity and architecture. The articles in the special issue offer four diverse sets of research on service modularity and architecture. Design/methodology/approach The paper is built on a literature review mapping the current body of literature on the topic and developing future research directions in service modularity and architecture. Findings The growing focus on services has triggered needs to investigate the suitability and implementation of physical-product-focused modularity principles and theories in service contexts, and to search for principles/theories that enhance services. The expanding research stream has explored various aspects of service modularity in empirical contexts. Future research should focus on service-specific modularity theories and principles, platform-based and mass-customized service business models, comparative research designs, customer perspectives and service experience, performance in context of modular services, empirical evidence of benefits and challenges, architectural innovation in services, modularization in multi-provider contexts, and modularity in hybrid offerings combining service and tangible product modules. Originality/value Nine areas are recommended for further research on service modularity and architecture. The introductory piece also discusses the roots of service modularity and provides an overview of current contributions.
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Osiri, Navanath. "The Development of Modern Landscape Architecture in Thailand". Nakhara : Journal of Environmental Design and Planning 21, n.º 1 (10 de junho de 2022): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.54028/nj202221206.
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The profession of landscape architecture has been firmly established in Thailand and has continued to flourish for over 40 years. Throughout this time, landscape architecture has made important contributions in improving environments, the people’s quality of life, and the aesthetics of Thailand’s cities and communities. This research discusses the development of the landscape architecture profession and design concepts in Thailand from the beginning to present to understand how landscape architecture has been cultivated through the processes of adaptation and appropriation.
The major contents of this research were obtained from the analysis of interviews conducted with 20 practitioners of landscape architecture firms in Thailand. The topics of discussion include multiple factors affecting the concepts, styles, and typologies of landscape architectural design.
The results show that landscape architecture in Thailand has developed in parallel with global design trends since the beginning of this profession. However, contextual factors, particularly socio-economic, political, and environmental issues, also affected the variation of project types and detailed designs. These trends and factors help foster the richness of landscape architecture in Thailand.
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Uyaguari, Alvaro, Edison Espinosa-Gallardo, Milton Escobar-Sánchez, José Luis Carrillo-Medina e Patricio Espinel. "Open Source Web Software Architectures for Geo-graphic Information Systems: A Systematic Mapping Study". KnE Engineering 1, n.º 2 (30 de janeiro de 2018): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/keg.v1i2.1495.
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Abstract. A geographic information system is an organized integration of hardware, software and geographic data designed to collect, store, manipulate, analyze and present geographically referenced information. In the development of applications web the software architecture are very important aspect when developing complex software efficiently. This research shows a mapping study which objective is know the state of the art of the software architectures of the geographic information systems for open source web environments. The results show that 74.19% of contributions are integrations of existing open source components, 16.13% add tools to the software architecture, and 9.68% integrate new methods to solve or improve algorithms that are part of the architecture. This indicates that further research is needed to experience new tools and/or new algorithms to solve or improve existing ones.
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Manzano, Wallace, Valdemar Vicente Graciano Neto e Elisa Yumi Nakagawa. "Dynamic-SoS: An Approach for the Simulation of Systems-of-Systems Dynamic Architectures". Computer Journal 63, n.º 5 (12 de abril de 2019): 709–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxz028.
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Abstract Systems-of-Systems (SoS) combine heterogeneous, independent systems to offer complex functionalities for highly dynamic smart applications. Besides their dynamic architecture with continuous changes at runtime, SoS should be reliable and work without interrupting their operation and with no failures that could cause accidents or losses. SoS architectural design should facilitate the prediction of the impact of architectural changes and potential failures due to SoS behavior. However, existing approaches do not support such evaluation. Hence, these systems have been usually built without a proper evaluation of their architecture. This article presents Dynamic-SoS, an approach to predict/anticipate at design time the SoS architectural behavior at runtime to evaluate whether the SoS can sustain their operation. The main contributions of this approach comprise: (i) characterization of the dynamic architecture changes via a set of well-defined operators; (ii) a strategy to automatically include a reconfiguration controller for SoS simulation; and (iii) a means to evaluate architectural configurations that an SoS could assume at runtime, assessing their impact on the viability of the SoS operation. Results of our case study reveal Dynamic-SoS is a promising approach that could contribute to the quality of SoS by enabling prior assessment of its dynamic architecture.
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Lawlor, Kynan, e Pritinder Kaur. "Dermal Contributions to Human Interfollicular Epidermal Architecture and Self-Renewal". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 16, n.º 12 (25 de novembro de 2015): 28098–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms161226078.
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Chersi, Fabian, e Neil Burgess. "The Cognitive Architecture of Spatial Navigation: Hippocampal and Striatal Contributions". Neuron 88, n.º 1 (outubro de 2015): 64–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2015.09.021.
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Jones, Paul. "Putting Architecture in its Social Place: A Cultural Political Economy of Architecture". Urban Studies 46, n.º 12 (16 de outubro de 2009): 2519–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098009344230.
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As well as being shaped by bureaucratically codified state regulations, architecture is also fundamentally conditioned by the broader political-economic context in which it is commissioned, designed and understood. However, drawing attention to these noncodified regulations can be controversial, as it necessitates questioning the complex social production of architecture, in the process challenging those discourses that position architecture as a practice concerned primarily with the design of socially meaningful form and meaning. Such discourses have been problematised elsewhere and, building on these contributions, this paper suggests a framework for taking seriously architecture’s distinctive relationship with aesthetics and semiotics while also maintaining a sense of architects’ position as a cultural élite working in definite political-economic contexts. Drawing primarily on theories associated with Pierre Bourdieu and cultural political economy, the paper uses the case of iconic architecture to illustrate this argument. The central role of architecture in recent place-marketing strategies is understood as a resonance between the agendas of high-profile architects and those political and economic agencies ‘selling places’. The role of architecture in providing a culturalised frame within which economic transformation is embedded is a crucial consideration here. In short, this paper suggests the necessity of a non-reductionist, political-economic foundation to the regulation and built environment research agenda.
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Belmont, John W. "Considering the Genetic Architecture of Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome". Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease 9, n.º 10 (21 de setembro de 2022): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcdd9100315.
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Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is among the most severe cardiovascular malformations and understanding its causes is crucial to making progress in prevention and treatment. Genetic analysis is a broadly useful tool for dissecting complex causal mechanisms and it is playing a significant role in HLHS research. However, unlike classical Mendelian disorders where a relatively small number of genes are largely determinative of the occurrence and severity of the disease, the picture in HLHS is complex. De novo single-gene and copy number variant (CNV) disorders make an important contribution, but there is emerging evidence for causal contributions from lower penetrance and common variation. Integrating this emerging knowledge into clinical diagnostics and translating the findings into effective prevention and treatment remain challenges for the future.
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González-Gerpe, Salvador, María Poveda-Villalón e Raúl García-Castro. "DTAG: A Methodology for Aggregating Digital Twins Using the WoTDT Ontology". Applied Sciences 14, n.º 13 (8 de julho de 2024): 5960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14135960.
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The advancement of digital twins (DTws) has been instrumental in various scientific and industrial domains, facilitating real-time monitoring, analysis, and optimisation of complex systems. However, it remains difficult to describe precisely the architectural models and their characteristics of DTws and the aggregation of lower-level DTws to higher-level DTws. This article introduces two contributions with the goal of addressing challenges in describing DTws architectures and aggregating DTws. Firstly, it presents the development of “WoTDT” (WoT digital twin) ontology, an extension of the W3C Web of Things descriptions ontology, designed to semantically describe the five-dimensional model architecture of DTws. This ontology enhances data interoperability and accessibility across dimensions, promoting a deeper understanding of DTws. Secondly, it introduces the “DTAG” (digital twin aggregation) methodology for aggregating multiple DTws into an unified DTw aggregate (DTwA). This methodology considers whether the DTws contain semantics or not and employs the WoTDT ontology to conceptualise the architecture and features of the resulting DTwA. Finally, an example of WoTDT ontology together with the DTAG methodology is shown in the context of the European H2020 construction-related project COGITO.
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Mehaffy, Michael W. "Assessing Alexander’s Later Contributions to a Science of Cities". Urban Science 3, n.º 2 (30 de maio de 2019): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci3020059.
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Christopher Alexander published his longest and arguably most philosophical work, The Nature of Order, beginning in 2003. Early criticism assessed that text to be a speculative failure; at best, unrelated to Alexander’s earlier, mathematically grounded work. On the contrary, this review presents evidence that the newer work was a logically consistent culmination of a lifelong and remarkably useful inquiry into part-whole relations—an ancient but still-relevant and even urgent topic of design, architecture, urbanism, and science. Further evidence demonstrates that Alexander’s practical contributions are remarkably prodigious beyond architecture, in fields as diverse as computer science, biology and organization theory, and that these contributions continue today. This review assesses the potential for more particular contributions to the urban professions from the later work, and specifically, to an emerging “science of cities.” It examines the practical, as well as philosophical contributions of Alexander’s proposed tools and methodologies for the design process, considering both their quantitative and qualitative aspects, and their potential compatibility with other tools and strategies now emerging from the science of cities. Finally, it highlights Alexander’s challenge to an architecture profession that seems increasingly isolated, mired in abstraction, and incapable of effectively responding to larger technological and philosophical challenges.
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Ang, Li Minn, e Kah Phooi Seng. "GPU-Based Embedded Intelligence Architectures and Applications". Electronics 10, n.º 8 (16 de abril de 2021): 952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10080952.
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This paper present contributions to the state-of-the art for graphics processing unit (GPU-based) embedded intelligence (EI) research for architectures and applications. This paper gives a comprehensive review and representative studies of the emerging and current paradigms for GPU-based EI with the focus on the architecture, technologies and applications: (1) First, the overview and classifications of GPU-based EI research are presented to give the full spectrum in this area that also serves as a concise summary of the scope of the paper; (2) Second, various architecture technologies for GPU-based deep learning techniques and applications are discussed in detail; and (3) Third, various architecture technologies for machine learning techniques and applications are discussed. This paper aims to give useful insights for the research area and motivate researchers towards the development of GPU-based EI for practical deployment and applications.
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Maldonado, L., e F. Vela-Cossío. "El patrimonio arquitectónico construido con tierra. Las aportaciones historiográficas y el reconocimiento de sus valores en el contexto de la arquitectura popular española". Informes de la Construcción 63, n.º 523 (29 de julho de 2011): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ic.10.062.
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Omer, Spahic. "The Contributions of the Mamluks to the Architecture of the Prophet’s Mosque (Sumbangan Dinasti Mamluk kepada Senibina Masjid Nabawi)". Journal of Islam in Asia (E-ISSN: 2289-8077) 15, n.º 2 (24 de dezembro de 2018): 329–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/jia.v15i2.754.
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This paper discusses the contributions of the Mamluks to the architecture and development of the Prophet’s Mosque in Madinah. The main discussion lays emphasis on two major issues: Making the Mosque in the Mamluk architectural image, and the maturation of architectural deviations. In order to make them more comprehensible, the two thrusts are preceded by a brief account of a religio-political context that existed prior to and at the time when the Mamluks started to assert their authority, both locally and internationally. In the sheer context of the architectural development of the Mosque, the Mamluks unmistakably showed why they are regarded as some of the greatest patrons of art and architecture in the history of Islamic civilization. But in terms of how they dealt with the prevalent architectural deviations, the Mamluks could be recognized both as victims of the established nonconformist architectural tendencies and trends, and as active protagonists in their further nurturing and spreading.
Keywords: The Mamluks, the Prophet’s Mosque, Madinah, architectural deviations.
Abstrak
Kertas kajian ini membincangkan sumbangan ‘Mamluk’ kepada seni bina dan pembangunan Masjid Nabi di Madinah. Perbincangan utama kajian ini menekankan kepada dua isu utama: pembinaan Masjid dalam imej seni bina ‘Mamluk’, dan penyelewengan seni bina. Untuk menjadikannya lebih mudah difahami, terdapat dua teras yang perlu didahului, iaitu satu ringkasan tentang konteks agama-politik yang wujud sebelum zaman penguasaan ‘Mamluk’ dan pada masa ‘Mamluk’ meluaskan kuasa mereka, samada di dalam dan di luar negara. Dalam konteks pembangunan seni bina Masjid, ‘Mamluk’ membuktikan mereka adalah salah satu pelukis seni bina terkemuka dalam sejarah tamadun Islam. Tetapi dari segi menangani penyelewengan seni bina, ‘Mamluk’ juga dikenali sebagai mangsa kepada seni bina yang tidak konvensional, dan sebagai protagonis aktif dalam memupuk dan menyebarkannya.
Kata Kunci: Mamluk, Masjid Nabi, Madinah, penyelewengan seni bina.
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Muxí, Zaida, e Daniela Arias Laurino. "Filling History, Consolidating the Origins. The First Female Architects of the Barcelona School of Architecture (1964–1975)". Arts 9, n.º 1 (25 de fevereiro de 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts9010029.
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After Francisco Franco’s death, the process of democratisation of public institutions was a key factor in the evolution of the architectural profession in Spain. The approval of the creation of neighbourhood associations, the first municipal governments, and the modernisation of Spanish universities are some examples of this. Moreover, feminist and environmental activism from some parts of Spanish society was relevant for socio-political change that affected women in particular. The last decade of Franco’s Regime coincided with the first generation of women that graduated from the Barcelona School of Architecture (ETSAB). From 1964 to 1975, 73 female students graduated as architects—the first one was Margarita Brender Rubira (1919–2000) who validated her degree obtained in Romania in 1962. Some of these women became pioneers in different fields of the architectural profession, such as Roser Amador in architectural design, Alrun Jimeno in building technologies, Anna Bofill in urban design and planning, Rosa Barba in landscape architecture or Pascuala Campos in architectural design, and teaching with gender perspective. This article presents the contributions of these women to the architecture profession in relation to these socio-political advances. It also seeks—through the life stories, personal experiences, and personal visions on professional practice—to highlight those ‘other stories’ that have been left out of the hegemonic historiography of Spanish architecture.
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Alamin M, Hind, e Hany H. Ammar. "Concerns-Based Reverse Engineering for Partial Software Architecture Visualization". JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization 4, n.º 2 (26 de maio de 2020): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/joiv.4.2.357.
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Recently, reverse engineering (RE) is becoming one of the essential engineering trends for software evolution and maintenance. RE is used to support the process of analyzing and recapturing the design information in legacy systems or complex systems during the maintenance phase. The major problem stakeholders might face in understanding the architecture of existing software systems is that the knowledge of software architecture information is difficult to obtain because of the size of the system, and the existing architecture document often is missing or does not match the current implementation of the source code. Therefore, much more effort and time are needed from multiple stakeholders such as developers, maintainers and architects for obtaining and re-documenting and visualizing the architecture of a target system from its source code files. The current works is mainly focused on the developer viewpoint. In this paper, we present a RE methodology for visualizing architectural information for multiple stakeholders and viewpoints based on applying the RE process on specific parts of the source code. The process is driven by eliciting stakeholders’ concerns on specific architectural viewpoints to obtain and visualize architectural information related these concerns. Our contributions are three fold: 1- The RE methodology is based on the IEEE 1471 standard for architectural description and supports concerns of stakeholder including the end-user and maintainer; 2- It supports the visualization of a particular part of the target system by providing a visual model of the architectural representation which highlights the main components needed to execute specific functionality of the target system, 3- The methodology also uses architecture styles to organize the visual architecture information. We illustrate the methodology using a case study of a legacy web application system.
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Campos Muñiz, Carolina, e Francisco José Fernández Perrino. "Evolution of the Concepts of Architecture and Supramolecular Dynamics of the Plasma Membrane". Membranes 13, n.º 6 (24 de maio de 2023): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13060547.
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The plasma membrane (PM) has undergone important conceptual changes during the history of scientific research, although it is undoubtedly a cellular organelle that constitutes the first defining characteristic of cellular life. Throughout history, the contributions of countless scientists have been published, each one of them with an enriching contribution to the knowledge of the structure-location and function of each structural component of this organelle, as well as the interaction between these and other structures. The first published contributions on the plasmatic membrane were the transport through it followed by the description of the structure: lipid bilayer, associated proteins, carbohydrates bound to both macromolecules, association with the cytoskeleton and dynamics of these components.. The data obtained experimentally from each researcher were represented in graphic configurations, as a language that facilitates the understanding of cellular structures and processes. This paper presents a review of some of the concepts and models proposed about the plasma membrane, emphasizing the components, the structure, the interaction between them and the dynamics. The work is illustrated with resignified 3D diagrams to visualize the changes that occurred during the history of the study of this organelle. Schemes were redrawn in 3D from the original articles...