Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Conservation et préservation"
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Câmara, Júnior Antonio de Anchieta. "Conservation et préservation fonctionnelle de levures d’intérêt en agro-alimentaire". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCK051/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe use of yeasts in industry is inseparable from their ability to be produced and dehydrated. This dehydration process causes various dysfunctions in yeast cells that affect their functionality and viability. In order to protect yeasts from dehydration, food additives are often used as emulsifiers and antioxidants. However, yeasts are able to produce naturally protective substances, such as glutathione (GSH) and trehalose (TRE). In this context, three non-Saccharomyces (NS) strains, belonging to the different genera and species Torulaspora delbrueckii, Metschnikowia pulcherrima and Lachancea thermotolerans, were studied in this thesis. Despite the great interest aroused by their multiple agro-food applications, their dehydration resistance mechanisms associated with the synthesis of GSH and TRE, are currently unknown. This study is ultimately aimed at the formulation of new NS yeast dried strains without any food additives. In a first chapter, the impact of the “reference yeast” Saccharomyces cerevisiae dehydration in a pre-pilot fluidized bed has been correlated with the synthesis of GSH and TRE. It was possible to modulate the culture medium composition in order to optimize cell preservation before, during and after dehydration. In a second chapter, the previously defined conditions were applied to NS yeasts strains in order to understand the effects of dehydration on their microbial functionality. This study demonstrated that GSH plays an important role in NS yeasts protection, depending on the culture and dehydration conditions. In a third chapter, some oxidation resistance phenomena of the three NS strains were studied. It was clearly demonstrated that the susceptibility of cells to oxidative attack was dependent on culture-dehydration conditions and was yeast strain-dependent. Finally, in a fourth chapter, an in-depth biochemical study of the most dehydration-sensitive yeast strain, L. thermotolerans, was performed by synchrotron FTIR micro-spectroscopy. Cells grown in GSM (medium favoring the production of GSH), besides showing a better viability, showed a greater intensity in the spectral bands of lipids CH2 and CH3, associated with the plasma membrane fluidity. In addition, TSM grown cells (TSM is a medium favoring the production of TRE) exhibited a higher protein denaturation, suggested by the intensity of β-sheet peaks, and C=O (lipid oxides) bands correlated with lipid peroxidation. These data can explain the decreased of viability of this strain during production-dehydration process. The fundamental knowledge acquired in this study will be useful to obtain new dehydrated yeast strains without additives and with high performance. It will be useful also to improve the formulation and dehydration methods currently used in industry
Tricaud, Pierre-Marie. "Conservation et transformation du patrimoine : conditions de préservation des valeurs d'un patrimoine vivant". Thesis, Paris Est, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PEST1123.
Texto completo da fonteThe stake of heritage is its transmission (inheritance from one generation to another). Conservation is a mere tool for transmission. But it may happen that conservation and transmission are in conflict, especially for the so-called living heritage – not only in the biological sense of the word, but all that is defined within time : landscape, city, intangible heritage, and, more or less, any property of heritage value. Living material is changing and even mortal. One can try and conserve a property by making it as strong as possible, without needing anybody to manage it : it is conserved, but not transmitted to new managers. Conversely, transmission often implies a transformation. From examples of heritage landscapes (vineyards, large river, roads, urban river), this research examines which transformations conserve what is intended to be transmitted of a living heritage
Semmak-Merlin, Latifa. "Synthèse et étude de nouveaux produits de préservation du bois en série ammonium". Nancy 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN10434.
Texto completo da fonteTaillandier, Catherine. "Conservation et préservation à la Smithsonian Institution : de la muséographie à la muséologie, 1846-1996". Toulouse 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU20025.
Texto completo da fonteSince its creation in 1846 the Smithsonian has followed the evolution of the relations between industrialized and traditional societies, relations that have evolved from domination to respect. By turns showcases, encyclopedias, scientific research centers and places to validate the national ideology, museums had lost the contact with the essence of the object, mostly concerned with its physical appearance, that was often magnified by the techniques of conservation. In the sixties. Cartesian thinking and the elitist education were questioned and, in their practices, curators had to take into account the preservation, as well as the educational role and the ethical dimension of the exhibits. Since then the museal object has no longer been a mere treasure but has enabled visitors to have access to the knowledge of communities in their diversity, it has become a link between rational thinking, beliefs and personal or collective feelings. The 21st century museum should be the memory of the group as well as that of the individual, a dynamic memory stretching between the past, the present and the future. The 140 million objects of the Smithsonian collections can be combined ad infinitum to present the world in different ways. Museography and museology join their competencies so that the multicultural exhibitions may not be a mere juxtaposition of differences but offer an opportunity to share experiences and knowledge
Giraud, Sébastien. "Stratégies de préservation et d'immunoprotection du greffon dans un modèle de transplantation d'îlots pancréatiques". Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT1405/document.
Texto completo da fonteOrgan and tissue transplantation is affected by a shortage of grafts, leading to enlargement of donor criteria. Consequently, these new marginal organs are more susceptible to ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). IRI increases primary graft dysfunctions and contributes to increase graft immunogenicity and consequently the occurence of acute and chronic rejection. Our objectives were : firstly, the necessity to limit I/R damages and preserve graft integrity, secondly, the importance to reduce graft immunogenicity and control the graft rejection while maintaining an immunocompetent recipient. To limit IRI we evaluated the new SCOT preservation extracellular type solution containing PEG 20kDa 30g/L in a murine model of pancreatic islets isolation and transplantation. The improvement of conservation with SCOT permitted to maintain the islets integrity and to reduce graft immunogenicity, due to the immunoprotective properties of PEG 20kDa (effects obtained with PEG 20kDa at 10 to 30g /L). In this same model our second objective was to establish a peripheral immunological tolerance of the graft by transient depletion of alloreactive T cells. This depletion of T cells in division was induced at the time of islet allotransplantation by an administration of an inducible nucleosidic analogue during 14 days. Transient alloreactive T cells depletion induced a dominant immunotolerance marked by the emergence of a persistent regulatory T cells CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ population. Thus, regulation of homeostatic balance between effector and regulatory T cells could open an interesting way to control the immune reaction against allograft
Ismail, Randa. "Préservation et présentation du patrimoine archéologique dans les musées syriens au XXe siècle". Paris, EPHE, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EPHE4015.
Texto completo da fonteThe syrian archaeology is developped during the 20th century, from the oldest periods to the medieval and modern ages. This book is at the same time an historiography of this research and a description of its contribution to the preservation and to the presentation as well as to the cultural policy of Syria and its partners. Firstly, this book realizes an analysis of the choice of the sites and their geographical distribution in the various regions of the country. Some of them were privileged, from the lime-stone northern syria to the basaltic country of Hauran in the south. The middle-Euphrates led to many missions for all the periods: Mari in the east, Ebla in central Syria. Palmyra and its steppes also led to many ancient and islamic researches. But, why other regions are neglected? For each case, starting from the map of the studied sites, this study analyse which period an which type of monuments each decade has studied but also which place was researched to a diachronic prospect from early pagan antiquity to Islam. In parallel, the used mode of search and strategies appears, from the excavation of an urban or rural complex, to regional prospections and the archaeology of planning and landscapes? How did we pass from collecting antiques to a true history of the "modes" of archaeology. The second part of the thesis studies the valorization of the heritage. Which policy of conservation and presentation did the study of the sites product? But also, which museographic policy did it contribute to this valorization of researchs and its results: from the Museum of Damascus to that of Palmyra, for exemple, an obvious evolution appears: its principles are analyzed. This book tries to give a clear idea of the evolution of research and of the patrimonial and museologic policy
Sundaryono, Agus. "Synthèse et étude d'analogues de curcumine : complexation de métaux de transition : essais de photoprotection du bois". Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR12426.
Texto completo da fonteAllery, Jean-Pascal. "Les pesticides employés pour le traitement du bois : utilisation et risques toxiques". Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR23017.
Texto completo da fonteRocher, Marie-Claude. "Le traitement du patrimoine urbain, analyse de Mons, regards sur Québec". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ61239.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteMiazimbakana, Joseph. "Préservation du bois par modification chimique de sa structure : synthèse et étude de réactivité de nouveaux précurseurs de méthylène quinones". Nancy 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NAN10014.
Texto completo da fonteBerthold, Raphaël. "La gestion durable des ressources halieutiques : approche socioéconomique et écologique pour la préservation et la valorisation de la pêche de loisir dans le département du Doubs". Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA1033.
Texto completo da fonteLeisure fishing integrates the three poles characterising durable development by presenting important ecological and socio-economic stakes. We suggest to show the several advantages of this application by comparing the attractiveness (related to the fishermen) of several fishing courses presenting different water quality's and piscicultural wealth's. These conditions can square to an ecological evolution of streams but are also the fact of anthropological interventions with varied consequences. So we will show how man can act on these environments and by there on the presence or the absence of strong patrimonial value species and how these two factors act on the intensity of the leisure fishing practice. We will also see that the brooks and the rivers have many ecological and physical connection's proving that a coherent management of the rivers must include the whole of the catchment area
Salman, Solafa. "Développement de nouvelles méthodes de préservation du bois basées sur l'utilisation combinée d'un traitement thermique et de borax". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0005/document.
Texto completo da fonteEnvironmental pressures appeared in France and in Europe in the last decades have substantially changed the methods for wood protection. In this context the Biocidal Products Regulations and the Biocidal Products Directive lead to the development of more environmentally friendly preservation methods and the growing interest in non-biocidal alternatives such as thermal treatment or chemical modification. Wood heat treatment at temperatures of 180 to 220 °C leads to the chemical modification of wood cell wall polymers conferring new properties to the material like its increased decay resistance and high dimensional stability. Despite these improvements, the durability of wood heat treatment is not sufficient to envisage use class 3 and 4 applications; where the wood is in contact with soil or termites. Moreover, Boron compounds present fungicidal and termiticidal properties. However, boron compounds have the drawback of being very easily leached out from wood making it unusable for applications in outdoor conditions. Wood chemical modification carried by the impregnation of aqueous solutions (10 %) of maleic anhydride polyglycerol adduct or polyglycerol methacrylates or phenol-formaldehyde resin, with or without borax followed by heat treatment at 220°C has shown some improvement of thermally modified wood properties particularly its resistance to termites in case of leach or not
Gadat, Fabrice. "Contribution à l'étude de la préservation des bois de hêtre et de pin : influence des fongicides classiques et nouvellement synthétisés sur les germes lignivores". Nancy 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NAN10056.
Texto completo da fonteRonze, Didier. "Caractérisation de l'écoulement d'un liquide inerte ou interactif au sein d'échantillons de pin sylvestre et d'épicea en vue de leur préservation". Compiègne, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985COMPI210.
Texto completo da fonteDoitteau, Gaelle. "De l'organisation du vivant aux assemblages fossiles : comparaison des communautés de bivalves modernes et anciennes". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4747/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe thesis explores how the properties of biodiversity are preserved in the sedimentary archives. Discussions are supported by the analysis of the modern tropical fauna of the Touho Lagoon (New Caledonia), collected during the Montrouzier expedition in 1993. The differences between live bivalve assemblages and dead shell assemblages are quantified with various indices (taxonomic richness, PIE index of evenness, rarefaction curves, fidelity indices) and classification tools (Cluster analyses, NMDS).Environmental parameters, such as the type of substrate or the water-depth, are responsible for variations among live species associations. The composition of dead shell assemblages differs from the living communities but environmental informations arepreserved. Generally, the dead shell assemblages are more diversified than live fauna of the same sites because of the accumulation of rare species. The higher diversity of dead shell assemblages can be explained by 1) the preservation of autochthonous bivalve shells, 2) the input of allochthonous shells and 3) the time-averaging. The fidelity of dead shell assemblages to the biological communities varies according to the environmental conditions. For example, dead shell assemblages found on hard substrate environments may be very different from the living communities. Allochthonous species tend to accumulate in deep outer shelf environments... Salinity, substrate or water-depth are main perturbation factors, as they imply loss or gain of taxa.The preservation of living communities varies according to the biological caracteristics, such as ecology, population structure or shells mineralogy
Rolin, Raphaël. "Contribution à une démarche numérique intégrée pour la préservation des patrimoines bâtis". Thesis, Compiègne, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018COMP2450/document.
Texto completo da fonteThroughout this work, the main objective is to validate the relevance of construction and use of geometric or parametric 3D models BIM or hBlM-oriented for numerical analyzes. These include structural studies in the case of historic buildings, as well as planning for restoration work, energy renovation and rehabilitation. Complementary data mining and use of point clouds for the detection, segmentation and extraction of geometric features have also been integrated into the work and proposed methodology. The process of data processing, geometric or parametric modeling and their exploitation, proposed in this work, contributes to improve and understand better the constraints and stakes of the different configurations and conditions related to the case studies and the specific constraints specific to the types of constructions. The contributions proposed for the different geometric and parametric modeling methods from point clouds are addressed by the construction of geometric models BIM or hBlM-oriented. Similarly, the process of surface detection, extraction of data and elements from point clouds are presented. The application of these modeling methods is systematically illustrated by different case studies, all of whose relative work has been carried out within the framework of this thesis. The goal is therefore to demonstrate the interest and relevance of these numerical methods according to the context, needs and studies envisaged, for example with the spire of the Senlis cathedral (Oise) and the Hermitage site (Oise). Numerical analyzes with finite element method are used to validate the relevance of these approaches
Moullé, Prévost Clémence. "Transmettre un patrimoine dispersé : le cas des vestiges archéologiques chypriotes depuis 1960 : processus, enjeux actuels et nouvelles orientations". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022REN20014.
Texto completo da fonteThe archaeological heritage of Cy-prus is one of the foundations of the territorial and cultural identity of a country that is still divi-ded, yet it remains largely unknown outside the scientific community. However, the development of archaeological excavations since the 19th century has enabled the formation of various collections throughout Europe. These collections preserve and exhibit a scattered archaeological heritage, and its meaning is only partly acces-sible. Passing on this heritage relies on both the preservation and the display of the remains. Based on empirical investigations, the thesis draws up an up-to-date overview of this heritage. Thus, the means used to preserve and enhance it are analyzed, starting from 1960 - the date when Cyprus became an independent state and began implementing its own policy for protecting and enhancing its heritage - to the present day. To this end, a selection of sites and monuments is studied - they are representative of different periods of the island’s history - as well as a nu-mber of permanent exhibitions in Cyprus and in the major museums of Europe. This study invites questioning the history of archaeology and ar-chaeological collections: it suggests comparing preservation and display methods, in order to highlight the current issues at stake. On the ba-sis of this comparative and diachronic analysis, this thesis then proposes to explore the possible perspectives for giving meaning to this shared heritage. Lastly, the matter of the archaeological context is discussed in the final part of the thesis. Archaeological context is revealed as of crucial importance in the transmission of the heritage, promoting new visitor experiences
Delattre, Laurence. "Analyse des déterminants des choix de préservation des espaces agricoles et naturels dans les politiques locales d'urbanisme : apports d'une approche multi-méthodes". Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0054.
Texto completo da fonteIn a context of strong spatial urban growth and given the social emerging issues related to peri-urban farmland preservation against sprawl, we look into the elements that determine local public choices of urban development, in terms of land consumption and densities. We first consider economic frameworks of analysis from Urban and Welfare Economics that address urban planning decision making. Then, we analyze how a multi-method approach (discourse analysis, text statistics and econometrics on a large municipal database) can help build a theoretical framework adapted to a regulated and decentralized context as the French one. We apply this approach to Southeastern France municipal land use plans (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, "PACA" Region). The result is an enriched framework of analysis that shows the importance of determinants rarely mentioned in the literature and an assessment of their effect on public decision. Particular roles of some agricultural activity characteristics, elected officials' legitimacy, some of the political characteristics, supra¬municipal policies and interactions between municipalities are outlined. We also highlight synergies between qualitative and quantitative methods such as between discourse, text analyses and econometrics, namely in a perspective of generalization to heterogeneous geographical and institutional contexts. Avenues for future research and some recommendations to public decision-makers are lastly proposed for an in-depth examination
Neya, Béli. "Valorisation de la biomasse du Burkina faso : faisabilité de panneaux de particules à base de déchets agricoles et recherche de nouveaux biocides pour la préservation du bois à partir d'essences naturellement durables". Nancy 1, 2002. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2002_0253_NEYA.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteThe first part of work concerns the manufacture of particle boards with sugarcane bagasse or rice husk using various resins among which Melamine-Urea-formaldehyde resins (MUF), Phenol-Formaldehyde resins (PF), polyisocyanates resins (PMDI) and finally of mixtures of PMDI/PF resins. The results obtained show that utilization of PMDI resins gives the best results (good mechanical properties and good water resistance), while PF resins lead to slightly lower results. Mixtures PMDI/PF don't give the awaited results, particle boards obtained having properties similars to those obtained with PF resins. MUF resins lead to the less satisfactory results. The second part of the work, concerns the study of reasons of the natural durability of Burkea africana, Prosopis africana and Pterocarpus erinaceus woods in order to identify new biocides for wood preservation. The separation of the extracts matters contained in the different woods and the study of their fungicidal properties indicates the biocidal properties of some of the compounds contained in the extracts. The study of wood durability undergone with or without preliminary extractions shows that the presence of biocidal compounds in the extracts does not allow to explain the resistance of studied wood to fungi and termites attack. The hydrophobic character of wood as its strong dimensional stability would be also a significant factor of its resistance. The analysis of the products in the etheral extracts indicates the presence of greases, waxes and squalene which can be at the base of the preceding results
Bouvard, Adeline. "Complexité de la crise agraire d’un écosystème de montagne en Haïti. Quelles voies d’amélioration des conditions de vie paysanne et de préservation du milieu ?" Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IAVF0015.
Texto completo da fonteHaiti has experienced significant deforestation during the last century. On the slopes, reduced forest cover results in severe soil erosion and generates important damages downstream. In response to this problem, agricultural land use restrictions and reforestation of areas most exposed to erosive risk have been the main response of the Haitian government and international organizations for several decades. Thanks to the case study of the area of La Borne, located in the Matheux mountain range and uphill the large rice plain of the Artibonite, this study aims to analyze the impact on farmers of projects that prevent the use of rural lands other than for reforestation purposes. We also consider alternative ways of development that would reach both objectives to preserve mountainous ecosystem while improving the food and economic situation of peasants.This research was based on extensive fieldwork. It has shown that the area’s population growth during recent decades has been associated with an increase in cultivated areas. This has been made possible by a reduction in the duration of fallow and an extension of crop area to the steepest slopes. The reproduction of soil fertility in cultivated areas, which is permitted by association with livestock, is compromised by fodder availability and farmers’ investment capacity. They evolve indeed in a socio-economic context economically very unfavorable. These factors limit the size of their livestock. Yields and organic matter content of soil quickly decline, leading to a increasing erosion on the slopes. The analysis of the agrarian system of La Borne made it possible to understand that agricultural land use limitation in the most eroded areas, except for reforestation purposes, would result in further reduction of fodder supplies and would accentuate existing imbalances. The poorest farmers, whose farming activity depends mostly on the exploitation of targeted areas, would be the first to be affected.Some farmers in the region have begun implementing profound transformations that contribute to solving the fertility crisis of the ecosystem. They have adapted and used with a systemic approach several techniques acquired during development projects. Thanks to a strong intensification of work, they have built terraces on the slopes and managed to better control runoff water. It enables them to develop new farming systems which rely on fodder introduction and associated crops under tree cover. The outcome is increased soil organic matter rate, better infiltration capacity and improved crop yields. Implementation of these practices requires a secure land tenure and an access to suitable equipment, which is relatively expensive. These new farming systems offer an alternative way of development that both limit soil erosion and increase food production on mountains areas, taking into account peasants interests
Puydebois, Maryline. "Proto-matériau végétal et utopies spatio-temporelles : oeuvres végétales contemporaines et pratiques personnelles". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0524.
Texto completo da fonteIt is a question of our plastic practice, which integrates with the plant Art, on the status, function and creative process of the proto-material in contemporary works. This work analyses the capacity of waste, a fruit or vegetable peel to summon certain know-how, technical processes integrating into an artistic proto-language.This plant-creative principle paradoxically questions the notion of creative conservation from ordinary and ephemeral materials. These devices for preserving plant fragments create an olfactory, tactile and visual space that pays homage to the precarious nature.The mobility of a spatial-temporal utopian space is based on the fragmentation of integuments which form the basis of architectural structures nourished by a twofold thought: Western and Far Eastern. My works question the ecological ethic of a Western context of overconsumption by the fragility of vanity fragments
Deniozou, Iris. "La restauration des films : élaboration et application de l'éthique dans le contexte technologique actuel : l'exemple de Lola Montès de Max Ophuls (1955)". Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010695.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis proposes a deontological ethics of film restoration based on the theory of restoration of works of art and the research of numerous cinema archivists for over thirty years attempting to formulate the ethical principles that can be applied to their profession. The developed theory takes into account all of the technical history of cinema and, as such, the present condition where the cinematographic art passes from the photochemical and analogue era to the digital era. The main purpose of this work is to ascertain the extent and the way in which an ethical theory of film restoration is applicable in the current technological context. Ethical issues generated by this radical change in the film and heritage landscape are analysed; the restoration of the film Lola Montes (Max Ophuls, 1955) is chosen as a case study for this purpose. In order to construct a critical analysis of aforementioned digital project, presented by the French Cinemathèque (Cinémathèque française) in 2008, the history of this film - from its creation until its last broadcast - is extensively studied. New information concerning its particularly agitated course of life is also revealed, through consultation of yet unpublished documents. The urgency for creating a code of ethics for the detailed, accurate and contemporary restoration of films, under the aegis of international heritage bodies, the need for both technical and deontological ongoing training of the archive staff, and the importance of the development of research in older film technologies constitute the basic ideas around which this work evolves
Efransjah, M. "Contribution à l'étude de la préservation du bois : Amélioration de l'imprégnabilité de l'épicéa (picéa SP.) par un pré-traitement bactérien et caractérisation du comportement du bois par l'utilisation des ultrasons". Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10032.
Texto completo da fonteBelhi, Abdelhak. "Digital Cultural Heritage Preservation : enrichment and Reconstruction based on Hierarchical Multimodal CNNs and Image Inpainting Approaches". Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE2019.
Texto completo da fonteCultural heritage plays an important role in defining the identity of a society. Long-term physical preservation of cultural heritage remains risky and can lead to multiple problems related to destruction and accidental damage. Digital technologies such as photography and 3D scanning provided new alternatives for digital preservation. However, adapting them to the context of cultural heritage is a challenging task. In fact, fully digitizing cultural assets (visually and historically) is only easy when it comes to assets that are in a good physical shape and all their data is at possession (fully annotated). However, in the real-world, many assets suffer from physical degradation and information loss. Usually, to annotate and curate these assets, heritage institutions need the help of art specialists and historians. This process is tedious, involves considerable time and financial resources, and can often be inaccurate. Our work focuses on the cost-effective preservation of cultural heritage through advanced machine learning methods. The aim is to provide a technical framework for the enrichment phase of the cultural heritage digital preservation/curation process. Through this thesis, we propose new methods to improve the process of cultural heritage preservation. Our challenges are mainly related to the annotation and enrichment of cultural objects suffering from missing and incomplete data (annotations and visual data) which is often considered ineffective when performed manually. Thus, we propose approaches based on machine learning and deep learning to tackle these challenges. These approaches consist of the automatic completion of missing cultural data. We mainly focus on two types of missing data: textual data (metadata) and visual data.The first stage is mainly related to the annotation and labeling of cultural objects using deep learning. We have proposed approaches, that take advantage of cultural objects’ visual features as well as partially available textual annotations, to perform an effective classification. (i) the first approach is related to the Hierarchical Classification of Objects to better meet the metadata requirements of each cultural object type and increase the classification algorithm performance. (ii) the second proposed approach is dedicated to the Multimodal Classification of cultural objects where any object can be represented, during classification, with a subset of available metadata in addition to its visual capture. The second stage considers the lack of visual information when dealing with incomplete and damaged cultural objects. In this case, we proposed an approach based on deep learning through generative models and image data clustering to optimize the image completion process of damaged cultural heritage objects. For our experiments, we collected a large database of cultural objects. We chose to use fine-art paintings in our tests and validations as they were the best in terms of annotations quality
Abrahao, Amancio Rosa Carolina, e Amancio Rosa Carolina Abrahao. "Chemins de fer : voies de l’histoire et de la mémoire". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37731.
Texto completo da fonteLa précarité du patrimoine ferroviaire et le manque de compréhension de cette ressource culturelle de la société ont motivé l’enquête sur le contexte du chemin de fer au Paraná. Il est analysé de sa construction à son déclin, puis, de son abandon à sa conservation. L’évolution du chemin de fer paranaense nous apprend entre autres sur son importance politique, sociale, économique et culturelle pour la société. À la lumière de l'évolution des théories et des pratiques dans le domaine de la conservation et de l'analyse des processus de tombamento (classement), nous identifions comment le patrimoine ferroviaire de l’État est appréhendé, valorisé et préservé. L’accent quasi exclusif sur la valeur historique montre une tendance à la muséalisation et un décalage du contexte international de la conservation par l’organisme de préservation du Paraná, la Coordination du patrimoine culturel (CPC). Pour attirer l'attention sur l'ampleur de l’importance du patrimoine ferroviaire, nous avons élaboré pour ce patrimoine un tableau de valeurs qui s'étend au-delà de la valeur historique. Sur la base de ce tableau, l’analyse de l’importance du patrimoine ferroviaire tombado au Paraná est mise enévidence. Par conséquent, une vision plus large du patrimoine était nécessaire pour mieux le comprendre. Une méthode d'interprétation du paysage culturel ferroviaire du chemin de fer Paranaguá-Curitiba, le premier chemin de fer construit au Paraná, nous montre une vision globale du patrimoine ferroviaire en tant que ressource culturelle pour la conservation et en tant que potentiel pour le développement local. Avec l’adoption de cette perspective, certaines valeurs, incluses dans le tableau de valeur du patrimoine ferroviaire, mais qui étaient jusque-là ignorées dans l'analyse du patrimoine entreprise par l'État, apparaissent et renforcent son importance au Paraná. Avec la méthode d'analyse du paysage, nous avançons dans la compréhension et la valorisation du patrimoine ferroviaire, en analysant les éléments essentiels du paysage ferroviaire et certaines bonnes pratiques, ces dernières qui présentent la conservation du patrimoine ferroviaire et industriel surtout à l’international. Nous apprenons également des façons d’utiliser le paysage ferroviaire du chemin de fer Paranaguá-Curitiba comme vecteur du développement local.
The precarious condition of the railway heritage and the lack of understanding of this cultural resource motivated the investigation into the context around the Paraná railway. The railway heritage is analyzed from its construction to its decline, then, from its abandonment to its conservation. The evolution of the paranaense railway teaches us, among other things, about its political, social, economic and cultural importance for the society. In the light of developments in the field of conservation and analysis of the processes of tombamento (heritage designation), the way that the state's railway heritage is understood, valued and preservedare identified. The almost exclusive emphasis on historical value shows a tendency towards musealization and a lag from the international conservation context by the Paraná conservation organization, the Cultural Heritage Coordination. To draw attention to the importance of railroad heritage, a Railway Heritage Value Table that extends values beyond historicalvalue was developed. The analysis of the importance of the tombado railway heritage in Paraná is completed based on this table. In consequence of the extended values, a broader vision of heritage was needed to better understand the heritage. A method of interpreting the Paranaguá-Curitiba railroad cultural landscape, the first railway built in Paraná, shows us a global vision of railway heritage as a cultural resource for conservation and as a potential for the future local development. Certain values –that were included on the Railway Heritage Value Table –were ignored in the heritage analysis undertaken by the state. These values however are found in Paraná railway heritage and they reinforce its importance. The understanding and valorization of the railway landscape from the analysis of essential elements and good practices is advanced. The good practices present the preservation of the railway and industrial heritage especially the international ones. It is also learned ways to use the Paranaguá-Curitiba railway landscape as a vector for local development.
The precarious condition of the railway heritage and the lack of understanding of this cultural resource motivated the investigation into the context around the Paraná railway. The railway heritage is analyzed from its construction to its decline, then, from its abandonment to its conservation. The evolution of the paranaense railway teaches us, among other things, about its political, social, economic and cultural importance for the society. In the light of developments in the field of conservation and analysis of the processes of tombamento (heritage designation), the way that the state's railway heritage is understood, valued and preservedare identified. The almost exclusive emphasis on historical value shows a tendency towards musealization and a lag from the international conservation context by the Paraná conservation organization, the Cultural Heritage Coordination. To draw attention to the importance of railroad heritage, a Railway Heritage Value Table that extends values beyond historicalvalue was developed. The analysis of the importance of the tombado railway heritage in Paraná is completed based on this table. In consequence of the extended values, a broader vision of heritage was needed to better understand the heritage. A method of interpreting the Paranaguá-Curitiba railroad cultural landscape, the first railway built in Paraná, shows us a global vision of railway heritage as a cultural resource for conservation and as a potential for the future local development. Certain values –that were included on the Railway Heritage Value Table –were ignored in the heritage analysis undertaken by the state. These values however are found in Paraná railway heritage and they reinforce its importance. The understanding and valorization of the railway landscape from the analysis of essential elements and good practices is advanced. The good practices present the preservation of the railway and industrial heritage especially the international ones. It is also learned ways to use the Paranaguá-Curitiba railway landscape as a vector for local development.
A condição precária do patrimônio ferroviário e a incompreensão deste recurso cultural motiva a investigação do contexto das estradas de ferro do Paraná. A herança ferroviária do estado é analisada da construção das ferrovias ao seu declínio e do seu abandono à sua conservação. A evolução das ferrovias paranaenses nos ensina, entre outras coisas, sobre a sua importância política, social, econômica e cultural para a sociedade. À luz da evolução das teorias e práticas no campo da conservação e da análise dos processos de tombamento do patrimônio ferroviário paranaense identificamos como o estado entendeu, valorizou e conservou estepatrimônio. A ênfase quase que exclusiva no valor históricodo patrimônio ferroviáriomostra uma tendência à musealização e um atrasodo organismo do estado, a Coordenação do Patrimônio Cultural (CPC), com relação aocontexto internacional da conservação. Para chamar a atenção para a importância do patrimônio ferroviário foi desenvolvida a Tabela de Valor do Patrimônio Ferroviário que estende os valores deste patrimônio para além do valor histórico. A análise da importância do patrimônio ferroviário tombado no Paraná é concluída com base nesta tabela. Consequentemente, era necessária uma visão mais ampla deste patrimônio para melhor compreendê-lo. Um método de interpretação da paisagem cultural ferroviária aplicado aestrada de ferro Paranaguá-Curitiba, a primeira ferrovia construída no Paraná, nos apresenta uma visão mais ampla do patrimônio ferroviário como recurso cultural para a conservação, considerando o seu potencial para o desenvolvimento local. Com a adoção dessa perspectiva, alguns valores apresentados na Tabela de Valor do Patrimônio Ferroviário que estavam, até então, ignoradosna análise, quando destacados, reforçaram a importância deste patrimônio. Avançamos nacompreensão e na valorização da paisagem ferroviária a partir da análise de elementos essenciais e de boas práticas, estas últimas, apresentando exemplos de conservação do patrimônio ferroviário e industrial, principalmente em outros países. Aprendemos maneiras de utilisara paisagem da estrada de ferro Paranaguá-Curitiba como vetor para o desenvolvimento local.
A condição precária do patrimônio ferroviário e a incompreensão deste recurso cultural motiva a investigação do contexto das estradas de ferro do Paraná. A herança ferroviária do estado é analisada da construção das ferrovias ao seu declínio e do seu abandono à sua conservação. A evolução das ferrovias paranaenses nos ensina, entre outras coisas, sobre a sua importância política, social, econômica e cultural para a sociedade. À luz da evolução das teorias e práticas no campo da conservação e da análise dos processos de tombamento do patrimônio ferroviário paranaense identificamos como o estado entendeu, valorizou e conservou estepatrimônio. A ênfase quase que exclusiva no valor históricodo patrimônio ferroviáriomostra uma tendência à musealização e um atrasodo organismo do estado, a Coordenação do Patrimônio Cultural (CPC), com relação aocontexto internacional da conservação. Para chamar a atenção para a importância do patrimônio ferroviário foi desenvolvida a Tabela de Valor do Patrimônio Ferroviário que estende os valores deste patrimônio para além do valor histórico. A análise da importância do patrimônio ferroviário tombado no Paraná é concluída com base nesta tabela. Consequentemente, era necessária uma visão mais ampla deste patrimônio para melhor compreendê-lo. Um método de interpretação da paisagem cultural ferroviária aplicado aestrada de ferro Paranaguá-Curitiba, a primeira ferrovia construída no Paraná, nos apresenta uma visão mais ampla do patrimônio ferroviário como recurso cultural para a conservação, considerando o seu potencial para o desenvolvimento local. Com a adoção dessa perspectiva, alguns valores apresentados na Tabela de Valor do Patrimônio Ferroviário que estavam, até então, ignoradosna análise, quando destacados, reforçaram a importância deste patrimônio. Avançamos nacompreensão e na valorização da paisagem ferroviária a partir da análise de elementos essenciais e de boas práticas, estas últimas, apresentando exemplos de conservação do patrimônio ferroviário e industrial, principalmente em outros países. Aprendemos maneiras de utilisara paisagem da estrada de ferro Paranaguá-Curitiba como vetor para o desenvolvimento local.
Martin, Jean. "Développement de la microchimie élémentaire et isotopique (87Sr : 86Sr) des otolithes de saumons Atlantique : évaluation du potentiel pour un appui à la gestion piscicole dans le bassin de l’Adour". Thesis, Pau, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PAUU3004/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe Adour basin holds one of the largest populations of Atlantic salmon in southern Europe exploited by commercial and sport fisheries. Determining the relative contributions of individual rivers and hatcheries to the Adour basin populations becomes crucial to understand key sources that contribute the most to its persistence. We successfully used Sr:Ca, Ba:Ca and 87Sr:86Sr ratios as natural tags for determining the natal origins of adults from 12 tributaries. Success in discriminating between fish from different sites was greatest using Sr isotopes since the latter remained relatively constant across years at a given location. Geochemical signatures from core regions of the otolith were also used to identify fish from hatchery or naturally spawned sources. The predominance of adults spawned in the Ossau River among returning adults corresponded with long-term juvenile production trends in the Ossau River. Despite the limited upstream accessibility of the Pau River, our study demonstrated that Atlantic salmon recruits can successfully leave this river to join the adult population in the Adour basin. We observed relatively clear separation between hatchery and wild juveniles using both Sr:Cacore (wild > 2.5 and hatchery < 0.80) and 87Sr:86Srcore (wild < 0.710 and hatchery > 0.710). The return of hatchery reared fish as adult spawners represented 10% of the total sampled fish we analyzed. Almost all adults, previously identified as belonging to the Ouzom River, were hatchery produced. Adults originated from the Pau River were either wild or hatchery reared fish. We also conducted field controlled experiments that characterized the elemental uptake process in juvenile Atlantic salmon otoliths during freshwater residency. Physiological effects influenced Ba deposition. Ba:Ca otolith profiles from hatchery-reared and field collected fish were characterised by a peak at yolk absorption mark. Hatchery-reared fish stocked in a river also displayed a peak of Ba:Ca following transfer which was not related to the water chemistry. Our experiment revealed a 20-day lag time between initial Ba:Cawater changes and Ba:Caotolith saturation. Results suggested that such effects should be considered during any attempts to determine rivers of origin of Atlantic salmon based on otolith elemental composition or reconstruct the movement of individual fish among and within streams
Madeira, abrunhosa Patricia. "Les grandes plantations coloniales dans les routes du tourisme patrimonial : la deuxième vie des demeures seigneuriales goanes et brésiliennes du XIXeme siècle". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0464.
Texto completo da fonteHow can we preserve a threatened heritage? Should we neglect it and lose our memory of national and local history? Can tourism be a solution to preserve architectural private wealth?This thesis explores several fields, such as tourism, heritage, architecture and literature in order to determine what can be the future of architectural wealth in rural areas. Using various sources (interviews, field research, guides, video, media, social networks, etc.), and starting with an overview of the situation, we have arrived at the following question: can tourism be a solution to preserve architectural private wealth?Our study focuses on three Portuguese-speaking regions (Vale do Paraíba – Brazil, Ponte de Lima – Portugal and Goa - India), where many palaces were built until the 19th century. After a period of magnificence, their importance gradually faded in collective memory. They stand as witnesses of our history. Nowadays, it is more and more difficult to maintain these buildings. It is interesting to compare these three areas: their common point is the disappearance of their heritage, but they differ greatly in their tourism policies.The first part of this study describes the architectural heritage in Portuguese-speaking areas, and explains how it grew up and why it is now in danger. The second part analyses solutions offered in terms of rural tourism, and how family memory is thus preserved
Nadeau, Robert. "Le second palais de l'intendant à Québec : mise en valeur virtuelle d'un lieu archéologique". Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25133/25133.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteLe, Thi My Binh. "Tourisme et développement durable sur le littoral et les îles de la baie de Nha Trang (Vietnam)". Thesis, La Réunion, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LARE0030/document.
Texto completo da fonteSustainable tourism, and the principles with which it is generally associated, has become a major concern not only at global and national but also at local levels as in the case of Nha Trang, an age-old sea-swimming destination in Vietnam. Regarded as one of the leading tourist centers of the country, Nha Trang is now facing with problems of tourism sustainability, particularly from a socio-cultural viewpoint: the exodus of islanders, the shortage of competent personnel in tourism, insufficient involvement of private sectors in the policies for tourism development in Nha Trang, overexploitation of Nha Trang Bay and the decrease in the amount of international tourists. With this awareness, the main question for us would be: Can we consider the actual tourism development in Nha Trang as sustainable from a viewpoint of socio-cultural indicators? In other words, is it possible to satisfy tourists, preserve local tourist resources, help the local community benefit from tourism and get all the factors to participate in the decision-making process? This research presents a double objective. First of all, it is important to analyze tourism in from a point of view based on socio-cultural indicators. At the conclusion of this research, proposals are forwarded so as to compromise two apparently contradictory dynamics: tourism development on the one hand and the preservation of local cultural heritage on the other. With an aim at performing this task well, 901 questionnaires have been handed out to the residents and tourists in Nha Trang, as well as 15 interviews that have been carried out with local authorities. The results of these surveys have been obtained through a research allowed to contact 137 tourist enterprises in Nha Trang. Thanks to this, the results obtained show in the first place that some principles associated to sustainable tourism from a socio-cultural viewpoint are not sufficiently observed in Nha Trang. Among these, the preservation of tourist and cultural resources particularly present lots of concern for the future. All the same, recruitment stability and equitable distribution of benefits arising from tourist operations constitute a basis for worries, similarly to the degree of participation of private sectors in tourism policies. In sum, despite tourists' relative satisfaction concerning the staff now working in tourism and the quality of services offered, the tourism sector demands further training. In order to make Nha Trang's tourism more sustainable from a socio-cultural viewpoint, our prerequisite proposal is to put into operation a plan of renovating Nha Trang’s tourism, by bringing about a well-balanced relationship between the land and the sea, which will hopefully pave the way for diversifying tourist practices, making advantage of inland tourist resources in tourism, assisting the residents to participate further in tourism projects. This performance is accompanied with an operational governance among residents, private factors and public figures involved in the tourism sphere. This solution would aim at increasing the participation of the private sector and promulgating tourism policies, virtually compromising tourism development and preservation of resources
Xu, Shan. "Caractérisation de l’environnement karstique de la grotte de Lascaux par couplage de méthodes géophysique, statistique et géostatistique". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0244/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe Lascaux cave, one of the most important prehistoric caves in the world, located in Dordogne (24, France) needs particular attention both for itself and for the environment interms of conservation and vulnerability since its discovery. Geophysical methods in particular Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) enable us, in a non-invasive way, to monitor the karsticenvironment.A Time-Lapse monitoring by ERT was carried out next to the cave. Together with analysis of the local effective rainfall (ground water recharge) and the flow in the cave, the monitoringhelped us to identify an area where upstream underground water is probably stored e.g. arecharge zone. There is a large electrical contrast between the surrounding limestone and theprobable recharge zone. Then, a multivariate analysis through the resistivity values allowed usto characterize the model blocks, showing a specific behavior over time, especially the blockswith the lowest electrical resistivity. A prediction model of the flow in relation with the recharge zone succeeded to predict the beginning and the end of flow, even the daily event withextremely high value of flow.In order to visualize the environment in 3D condition, a geostatistical modelling was then applied to the resistivity values. The geostatistical models can emphasize the limit betweenthe limestone promontory and the clayey/sandy formations to the east/west part of the site. In the limestone promontory, the models also showed the possible connection between theanomalous conductive areas that may have a special consequence in this karstic environment.The Time-Lapse monitoring by ERT allows us to understand the karstic structures andrecharge phenomena. The 3D geostatistical modeling showed efficiency for the characterization of the cave environment. Those results can help to provide advices for the cave preservation
Danna, Charlotte. "Le principe de solidarité écologique". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2070.
Texto completo da fonteAdopted by article 2 from act nr 2016-1087 concerning the reconquest of biodiversity, nature and landscape of August 8th 2016, the principle of ecological solidarity calls “for taking into consideration the interactions of ecosystems, living creatures and natural or developed environments in all public decisions having a notable impact on the environment of the territories concerned”.This general principle of environmental law inscribed in article L110 1 of the environmental code is designed to preserve the interactions of ecosystems and ecological processes as well as to improve the environmental management of the territories. The duality of its objective renders it a highly valuable principle which should be applied to numerous decisions. Various supranational foundations, within jurisprudence and in international and European laws, can thus be assigned to it. In the context of ecological interdependence the evolution of the international and European dimension of the principle remains essential in order to see the benefits concerning the safeguarding of biodiversity. It is greatly enhanced, as regards internal law, by the fact that it is at the very center of the environment's equilibrium. It justifies the right to a balanced environment and extends the constitutional principles of prevention and sustainable development. Confronted with the crisis of world-wide biodiversity extinction that threatens our survival, the principle of ecological solidarity emerges as the last chance to preserve it. Two major groups of systems allow us to measure the dynamics of the principle of ecological solidarity: the green and the blue line belt network and the Ocean and coastline Governance Framework. They constitute a basis on which to develop ecological solidarity and represent the beginnings of new legislation. The principle of ecological solidarity requires them to be reinforced and more generally to advance all decisions concerned by the principle
Lefloïc, Lebel Adam. "Étude de l’impact des collectionneurs sur la préservation et la conservation du jeu vidéo". Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22064.
Texto completo da fonteMimouni, El-Amine. "Diversité et structure du zooplancton : importance pour la conservation de la biodiversité aquatique en zone urbaine". Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13590.
Texto completo da fonteUrban ecology is an emerging research field that seeks to understand the structures and patterns of communities and ecosystems located in urban landscapes. Small waterbodies are known as aquatic ecosystems that can harbour notable biodiversity for various taxonomic groups (birds, amphibians, macroinvertebrates), making them interesting ecosystems for conservation studies. However, the biodiversity of zooplankton, a central element of aquatic trophic networks, is still not entirely known for urban waterbodies and should be better described and understood. This study examined the biodiversity patterns of zooplanktonic communities in urban waterbodies on the Island of Montreal and their sources of variation. Suggestions for biodiversity assessment and for biodiversity preservation are also discussed. Zooplankton biodiversity urban waterbodies proved to be quite high, with cladoceran and rotifer taxa showing the highest contributions to gamma and beta diversity. Across waterbodies, there was a negative correlation between the contributions to cladoceran and rotifer beta diversity. Within waterbodies, the littoral zone showing macrophytes proved to be an important habitat for zooplankton biodiversity, considerably contributing species richness, often with a different species composition. Zooplankton communities responded to bottom-up and top-down forces, but also management practices, as waterbody emptying in winter affected zooplankton community composition. Cladoceran communities in these waterbodies showed varying amounts of phylogenetic diversity, which allowed them to be ranked in order to prioritize sites to preserve with regards to phylogenetic diversity. Selection of sites to preserve in order to maximize phylogenetic diversity should be properly guided, in order to avoid making suboptimal choices. However, for taxa such as Cladocera, for which phylogenetic relationships remain difficult to establish, placing absolute confidence in a single tree is a dangerous procedure. Incorporation of phylogenetic uncertainty showed that, when it is taken into account, then several potential differences in phylogenetic diversity were not supported anymore. Community composition patterns differed between waterbodies, months and sampling zones. Due to the presence of significant interactions between these factors, this indicates that all these factors should be considered. Urbanization did not seem to select for a single type of feeding group composition, as communities in waterbodies could shift between assemblages with different feeding types. Environmental variables, especially waterbody macrophyte coverage, were important factors for zooplankton biodiversity, positively affected species richness of various taxonomic groups and feeding groups. These variables also affected community composition, but to a lesser extent, being modest predictor variables, indicating the need to consider other processes.
Abrunhosa, Madeira Patricia. "Les grandes plantations coloniales dans les routes du tourisme patrimonial : la deuxième vie des demeures seigneuriales goanes et brésiliennes du XIXeme siècle". Thesis, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0464.
Texto completo da fonteHow can we preserve a threatened heritage? Should we neglect it and lose our memory of national and local history? Can tourism be a solution to preserve architectural private wealth?This thesis explores several fields, such as tourism, heritage, architecture and literature in order to determine what can be the future of architectural wealth in rural areas. Using various sources (interviews, field research, guides, video, media, social networks, etc.), and starting with an overview of the situation, we have arrived at the following question: can tourism be a solution to preserve architectural private wealth?Our study focuses on three Portuguese-speaking regions (Vale do Paraíba – Brazil, Ponte de Lima – Portugal and Goa - India), where many palaces were built until the 19th century. After a period of magnificence, their importance gradually faded in collective memory. They stand as witnesses of our history. Nowadays, it is more and more difficult to maintain these buildings. It is interesting to compare these three areas: their common point is the disappearance of their heritage, but they differ greatly in their tourism policies.The first part of this study describes the architectural heritage in Portuguese-speaking areas, and explains how it grew up and why it is now in danger. The second part analyses solutions offered in terms of rural tourism, and how family memory is thus preserved