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Artigos de revistas sobre o tema "Consensus studies"

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Publicado: 25 de julho de 2024

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1

von der Gracht, Heiko A. "Consensus measurement in Delphi studies". Technological Forecasting and Social Change 79, n.º 8 (outubro de 2012): 1525–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2012.04.013.

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2

Robinson, Amanda L. "Conflicting Consensus". Women & Criminal Justice 10, n.º 3 (19 de maio de 1999): 95–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j012v10n03_05.

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3

Drake, H. A. "Constantine and Consensus". Church History 64, n.º 1 (março de 1995): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3168653.

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The church historian Socrates Scholasticus tells a story about an encounter during the Council of Nicaea between the emperor Constantine and the schismatic bishop Acesius. On learning that Acesius's dispute had nothing to do with the Creed or the date of Easter—the two major issues under debate at that Council—Constantine asked, “For what reason then do you separate yourself from communion with the rest of the Church?” Acesius replied that his sect objected to the relative leniency with which other Christians had treated those who had cracked under the empire-wide persecutions of the third century. He then “referred to the rigidness of that austere canon which declares, that it is not right that persons who after baptism have committed a sin, which the sacred Scriptures denominate ‘a sin unto death’ be considered worthy of participation in the sacraments.” Whereupon, Socrates continues, the emperor said to him, “Place a ladder, Acesius, and climb alone into heaven.”

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4

De Rosa, Salvatore Paolo. "Breaking Consensus, Transforming Metabolisms". Social Text 40, n.º 1 (1 de março de 2022): 135–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01642472-9495160.

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Abstract This article discusses the politics of direct action against fossil fuels put forward by climate justice movements, focusing in particular on the tactic of the blockade. Drawing on the conceptual toolkit of urban political ecology, the argument moves from a critique of the consensual regime of climate change governance to highlight conflict and dissent as central forces for the transformation of the socioecological metabolisms structuring the capitalist urbanization of nature—of which fossil fuels constitute the lifeblood. This approach shifts the debate around climate change politics from an issue of technological transition to one of metabolic transformation. On this basis, the article proposes a characterization of direct action against fossil fuels as expressions of metabolic activism: instances of grassroots ecopolitical engagement that aim to break consensus by disrupting capitalist-driven metabolic relations while also experimenting with alternative values, knowledges, spaces, and sociomaterial relations. To ground these reflections, the article offers an account of the Swedish climate justice coalition Fossilgasfällan and its successful three-year campaign, culminating in a blockade to halt the expansion of the gas terminal of Gothenburg port.

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5

Goffey, Andrew, e Shannon Lowe. "Caesura of Consensus". Journal for Cultural Research 7, n.º 1 (abril de 2003): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1479758032000079800.

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6

Zubok, Vladislav M. "An Elusive Consensus". Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 24, n.º 4 (setembro de 2023): 867–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/kri.2023.a910984.

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7

Abigail Boggs e Nick Mitchell. "Critical University Studies and the Crisis Consensus". Feminist Studies 44, n.º 2 (2018): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.15767/feministstudies.44.2.0432.

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Boggs, Abigail, e Nick Mitchell. "Critical University Studies and the Crisis Consensus". Feminist Studies 44, n.º 2 (2018): 432–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/fem.2018.0028.

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9

Davidson, Michael. "Cripping Consensus: Disability Studies at the Intersection". American Literary History 28, n.º 2 (abril de 2016): 433–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alh/ajw008.

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10

Cross, Claire. "Book Reviews : Consensus Fractured". Expository Times 109, n.º 8 (maio de 1998): 247–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001452469810900816.

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11

Meierding, Loren. "The Consensus Gentium Argument". Faith and Philosophy 15, n.º 3 (1998): 271–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/faithphil199815325.

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12

Watkin, Thomas Glyn. "Consensus and the Constitution". Ecclesiastical Law Journal 3, n.º 15 (julho de 1994): 232–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x00005846.

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Church in Wales voted by secret ballot – the first such ballot in the seventy-four year history of that Body – on the motion that the Bill to Enable Women to be Ordained as Priests be passed. The result of the vote was as follows:

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13

Schneidmüller, Bernd. "Rule by Consensus". Medieval History Journal 16, n.º 2 (outubro de 2013): 449–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971945813514994.

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This article analyses specific characteristics of pre-modern rule in medieval central Europe. It becomes clear from the analysis that although the notion of monarchy implies a single ruler (mon-archia), it was actually the case, however, that in political practice, the kings and rulers of the Holy Roman Empire had to come to an arrangement with the elites and nobles. Therefore, the famous model developed by Max Weber regarding the three types of legitimate rule: legal, traditional and charismatic, fall short of encompassing the alterity and plurality of politics in the Middle Ages. Here, the concept of consensual rule is conceptualised through the use of additional case studies. These case studies more appropriately capture the fluid decision-making process in the Middle Ages through ongoing negotiation. Thus, the kings and emperors are clearly integrated into the framework of pre-modern oligarchies and therefore offer a counter-outline to the doctrine of divine right.

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14

Harvey, Thomas J. "Poverty, conflict and public consensus". Social Thought 15, n.º 2 (março de 1989): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15426432.1989.10383662.

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15

De Clerck, Paul. "Towards a Consensus on Confirmation?" Studia Liturgica 26, n.º 2 (setembro de 1996): 190–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003932079602600206.

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16

Monguet, J. M., A. Trejo, T. Martí e J. Escarrabill. "Health Consensus". International Journal of User-Driven Healthcare 7, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2017): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijudh.2017010103.

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New tools are needed to facilitate the involvement of health professionals in healthcare participative processes, partially because a relevant segment of healthcare knowledge and decision-making is capillary distributed among them. A collaborative design strategy has been applied to the creation of an Internet tool to produce digitally adapted Delphi for healthcare purposes. During the period 2012-16 the prototype of the tool has been gradually improved through its application to 18 real cases. It is proposed the model Health Consensus as a digitally adapted Delphi supported by the various capabilities of Internet. The authors agree that Health Consensus is a useful and expandable tool for participative processes. The Internet provides several opportunities to overcome many of the limitations of conventional Delphi, as well as improving the final studies with new functionalities.

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17

Orlandi, Francesco, e Erik Christensen. "A consensus conference on prognostic studies in hepatology". Journal of Hepatology 30, n.º 1 (janeiro de 1999): 171–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8278(99)80023-3.

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18

Broudy, Harry S. "Case Studies —Why and How". Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 91, n.º 3 (março de 1990): 449–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146819009100301.

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Harry Broudy argues that the persistent criticism of teachers and of teacher education programs is due in part to the absence of a “consensus of the learned” about how teachers should be educated. Broudy's position is that a working consensus could be established through a case-study method in teacher education if cases were developed to portray important problems identified by teachers as typical and recurrent in their professional practice. Such case study, in Broudy's view, would develop prospective teachers' abilities to bring educational theory and research to bear in interpreting perennial problems and exploring alternative solutions to them.

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19

Barnes, Hazel E. "THE NEW NATURALISM AND ETHICAL CONSENSUS". Zygon� 29, n.º 3 (setembro de 1994): 401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9744.1994.tb00678.x.

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20

Rockett, Gordon William. "Thomas More’s Quarrel with Reform". Church History and Religious Culture 92, n.º 2-3 (2012): 201–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18712428-09220002.

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In letters to family and friends while he was confined in the Tower of London in 1534 and the first few months of 1535, Thomas More explained his refusal to comply with the first Act of Succession with the argument that his allegiance was to a council higher than the parliament of England. The “higher council” to which More referred was the General Council of Christendom, whose determinations embodied Christianity’s canonically enjoined consensus fidelium and therefore held precedence over laws enacted by lesser assemblies such as England’s parliaments. Ecclesiastical consensus was the foundation of all More believed. It was the test that screened Catholic from heretical doctrine, and it was infallible. But More could not lawfully adhere to the principle of consensus and at the same time swear to uphold the royal supremacy enacted in 1534 because the king’s supremacy in the English church implicitly asserted England’s separateness and therefore broke up Christianity’s consensual uniformity. Thus the oath of allegiance to the first Act of Succession was one of several pieces of legislation that More could not in conscience obey.

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21

Pastwa, Andrzej, e Monika Menke. ""Irrevocabilis consensus personalis": Around the Anthropological Assumptions of the Matrimonial Law System in the CCEO". Studia theologica 18, n.º 2 (1 de junho de 2016): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5507/sth.2016.017.

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22

Wilson, Major L. "Conflict or Consensus?" Journal of the Early Republic 12, n.º 4 (1992): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3123871.

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23

dos Santos Maia, Mayara, Gabriela Cristina Soares Rodrigues, Andreza Barbosa Silva Cavalcanti, Luciana Scotti e Marcus Tullius Scotti. "Consensus Analyses in Molecular Docking Studies Applied to Medicinal Chemistry". Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 20, n.º 14 (1 de setembro de 2020): 1322–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389557520666200204121129.

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The increasing number of computational studies in medicinal chemistry involving molecular docking has put the technique forward as promising in Computer-Aided Drug Design. Considering the main method in the virtual screening based on the structure, consensus analysis of docking has been applied in several studies to overcome limitations of algorithms of different programs and mainly to increase the reliability of the results and reduce the number of false positives. However, some consensus scoring strategies are difficult to apply and, in some cases, are not reliable due to the small number of datasets tested. Thus, for such a methodology to be successful, it is necessary to understand why, when and how to use consensus docking. Therefore, the present study aims to present different approaches to docking consensus, applications, and several scoring strategies that have been successful and can be applied in future studies.

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24

Mark, James. "Gadamer and the Consensus of Experience". Theology 92, n.º 749 (setembro de 1989): 366–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040571x8909200503.

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25

Ramsbotham, Oliver. "Book Reviews : Moral Consensus, Factual Dissent". Expository Times 104, n.º 2 (novembro de 1992): 61–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001452469210400223.

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26

Attwood, David. "Book Reviews : A New Moral Consensus". Expository Times 105, n.º 12 (setembro de 1994): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001452469410501218.

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27

Morrice, Wm G. "Book Reviews : No Consensus on Thomas". Expository Times 110, n.º 10 (julho de 1999): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001452469911001013.

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28

Capaldi, Nicholas. "Consensus on Critical Care". Christian bioethics: Non-Ecumenical Studies in Medical Morality 7, n.º 2 (1 de agosto de 2001): 227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chbi.7.2.227.3758.

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Capaldi, N. "Consensus on Critical Care". Christian Bioethics 7, n.º 2 (1 de janeiro de 2001): 227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/chbi.7.2.227.3758.

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30

Schwartz, Shalom H., e Galit Sagie. "Value Consensus and Importance". Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 31, n.º 4 (julho de 2000): 465–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022100031004003.

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31

Lapola, David M., Marcos D. Oyama, Carlos A. Nobre e Gilvan Sampaio. "A new world natural vegetation map for global change studies". Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 80, n.º 2 (junho de 2008): 397–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652008000200017.

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We developed a new world natural vegetation map at 1 degree horizontal resolution for use in global climate models. We used the Dorman and Sellers vegetation classification with inclusion of a new biome: tropical seasonal forest, which refers to both deciduous and semi-deciduous tropical forests. SSiB biogeophysical parameters values for this new biome type are presented. Under this new vegetation classification we obtained a consensus map between two global natural vegetation maps widely used in climate studies. We found that these two maps assign different biomes in ca. 1/3 of the continental grid points. To obtain a new global natural vegetation map, non-consensus areas were filled according to regional consensus based on more than 100 regional maps available on the internet. To minimize the risk of using poor quality information, the regional maps were obtained from reliable internet sources, and the filling procedure was based on the consensus among several regional maps obtained from independent sources. The new map was designed to reproduce accurately both the large-scale distribution of the main vegetation types (as it builds on two reliable global natural vegetation maps) and the regional details (as it is based on the consensus of regional maps).

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32

Batrymenko, Oleh, e Vladyslav Andrushko. "THE CONFLICTUAL AND CONSENSUAL NATURES OF POWER". Politology bulletin, n.º 87 (2021): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2415-881x.2021.87.44-54.

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The aim of the research was to consider the phenomenon of political power on the basis of the classification of «conflict-consensus». To do do, an analysis of the main cratological studies was provided (the concepts of M. Weber, R. Dahl, S. Lux, T. Parsons, H. Arendt and M. Foucault). These studies were synthesized into the two corresponding fundamental approaches: conflictual and consensual. It is studied that the conflictual nature of power is characterized by asymmetric relationships based on actual or potential conflict between individuals. It is also determined that such power arises in those social interactions where one of the subjects has the ability to influence the other, overcoming its resistance. In turn, it is established here that power in a consensual approach is seen as a collective resource, as an opportunity to achieve a certain public good. It has been found that the consensus approach rejects the idea of «zero amount», suggesting that power can be exercised for the common good. It is analyzed that the representatives of this approach emphasize the legitimative nature of power. According to them, power belongs not to individuals or groups, but to entire groups of people or society as a whole.

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33

Mirsadraee, S., K. Mankad, P. McCoubrie, T. Roberts e D. Kessel. "Radiology curriculum for undergraduate medical studies—A consensus survey". Clinical Radiology 67, n.º 12 (dezembro de 2012): 1155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crad.2012.03.017.

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Small, Mitchell J., Ümit Güvenç e Michael L. DeKay. "When Can Scientific Studies Promote Consensus Among Conflicting Stakeholders?" Risk Analysis 34, n.º 11 (20 de junho de 2014): 1978–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/risa.12237.

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35

Radner, Susan G. "Operating by consensus: The collective approach to women's studies". Women's Studies International Forum 9, n.º 2 (janeiro de 1986): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-5395(86)90027-0.

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Gordijn, Sanne Jehanne, Irene Maria Beune e Wessel Ganzevoort. "Building consensus and standards in fetal growth restriction studies". Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology 49 (maio de 2018): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2018.02.002.

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37

Bromley, Rebecca, Miriam Bickle Graz, Matthew Bluett-Duncan, Christina Chambers, Per Damkier, Kim Dietrich, Helen Dolk et al. "Expert consensus on neurodevelopmental outcomes in pregnancy pharmacovigilance studies". Neurotoxicology and Teratology 98 (julho de 2023): 107203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ntt.2023.107203.

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Gee, J. M. W., A. Howell, W. J. Gullick, C. C. Benz, R. L. Sutherland, R. J. Santen, L.-A. Martin et al. "Consensus Statement". Endocrine-Related Cancer 12, Supplement_1 (julho de 2005): S1—S7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/erc.1.01054.

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Anti-hormones (notably tamoxifen), chemotherapy and modern radiotherapeutic approaches are invaluable in the management of breast cancer, and collectively have contributed substantially to the improved survival in this disease. Moreover, there is promise that these successes will continue with the emergence of other endocrine agents (for example, aromatase inhibitors and pure anti-oestrogens). However, de novo and acquired resistance comprises a significant problem with all treatment approaches examined to date. This Workshop aimed to evaluate the contribution made by growth factor signalling pathways in the various resistant states, primarily focusing on resistance to anti-hormonal strategies and spanning experimental models and, where possible, clinical breast cancer data. The successes and limitations of therapeutic targeting of these pathways with various signal transduction inhibitors (STIs) were evaluated in model systems and from emerging clinical trials (including epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors such as gefitinib). It was concluded that growth factor signalling is an important contributor in the development of endocrine resistance in breast cancer and that use of STIs provides a promising therapeutic strategy for this disease. However, the cancer cell is clearly able to harness alternative growth factor signalling pathways for growth and cell survival in the presence of STI monotherapy and, as a consequence, the efficacy of STIs is likely to be limited by the acquisition of resistance. A number of strategies were proposed from studies in model systems that appeared to enhance anti-tumour actions of existing STI monotherapy, notably including combination therapies targeting multiple pathways. With the increased availability of diverse STIs and improved drug delivery, there is much hope that the more complex therapeutic strategies proposed may ultimately be achievable in clinical practice.

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Poli, Giulio, e Tiziano Tuccinardi. "Consensus Docking in Drug Discovery". Current Bioactive Compounds 16, n.º 3 (10 de junho de 2020): 182–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573407214666181023114820.

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Background: Molecular docking is probably the most popular and profitable approach in computer-aided drug design, being the staple technique for predicting the binding mode of bioactive compounds and for performing receptor-based virtual screening studies. The growing attention received by docking, as well as the need for improving its reliability in pose prediction and virtual screening performance, has led to the development of a wide plethora of new docking algorithms and scoring functions. Nevertheless, it is unlikely to identify a single procedure outperforming the other ones in terms of reliability and accuracy or demonstrating to be generally suitable for all kinds of protein targets. Methods: In this context, consensus docking approaches are taking hold in computer-aided drug design. These computational protocols consist in docking ligands using multiple docking methods and then comparing the binding poses predicted for the same ligand by the different methods. This analysis is usually carried out calculating the root-mean-square deviation among the different docking results obtained for each ligand, in order to identify the number of docking methods producing the same binding pose. Results: The consensus docking approaches demonstrated to improve the quality of docking and virtual screening results compared to the single docking methods. From a qualitative point of view, the improvement in pose prediction accuracy was obtained by prioritizing ligand binding poses produced by a high number of docking methods, whereas with regards to virtual screening studies, high hit rates were obtained by prioritizing the compounds showing a high level of pose consensus. Conclusion: In this review, we provide an overview of the results obtained from the performance assessment of various consensus docking protocols and we illustrate successful case studies where consensus docking has been applied in virtual screening studies.

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Lopes, Diniz, Jorge Vala e Dominique Oberlé. "Differential impact of independent and interdependent views of the self on the use of consensus and heterogeneity information: The case of validity of groups’ decisions". Social Science Information 56, n.º 3 (24 de junho de 2017): 434–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018417714682.

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In this article, we analyse the moderating effect of the activation of independent and interdependent views of the self on the use of heterogeneity and consensus information in the attribution of validity to group decisions. In two experimental studies, we present evidence showing that the participants, when primed with an interdependent view of the self, make no distinction between homogeneous or heterogeneous information regarding group composition while attributing validity to group decisions. Indeed, they base their validity attribution mainly on consensus information. In contrast, when primed with an independent view of the self, they make use of variability information as they attribute a greater validity to a more heterogeneous and consensual group and a lower validity to a group depicted as homogeneous and consensual. Results are discussed in light of the differential utility of consensus and heterogeneity information, as well as participants’ self-knowledge within the processes of validation of group decisions.

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Okuyama, Harumi, Tomohito Hamazaki, Rokuro Hama, Yoichi Ogushi, Tetsuyuki Kobayashi, Naoki Ohara e Hajime Uchino. "A Critical Review of the Consensus Statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel 2017". Pharmacology 101, n.º 3-4 (2018): 184–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000486374.

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Background: The Consensus Statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) Consensus Panel 2017 concludes on the basis of 3 different types of clinical studies that low-density lipoprotein (LDL) causes atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). In Mendelian randomization studies, rare genetic mutations affecting LDL receptor function were found to cause higher or lower LDL-C levels, which are associated with correspondingly altered ASCVD risk. In prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of statins, a remarkably consistent log-linear association was demonstrated between the absolute magnitude of LDL-C exposure and ASCVD risk. The EAS Statement proposes that any mechanism of lowering plasma LDL concentration should reduce the risk of ASCVD events proportional to the absolute reduction in LDL-C and the cumulative duration of exposure to lower LDL-C. However, as we explain, we do not find this conclusion acceptable. Summary: Our review points out that different interpretations are possible for the results of Mendelian randomization studies. As for prospective cohort studies, many inconsistent reports on the association of LDL-C and ASCVD were disregarded when drafting the Statement, reports with and without genetic factors related to LDL receptor function should be analyzed separately, and the term ASCVD in the Statement is used inappropriately because myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction differ in their association with LDL-C. As for RCTs, clinical reports on statins published before and after the implementation of new regulations affecting clinical trials (2004/2005) should not both be included in meta-analyses because the evaluated efficacy of statins changed markedly, and the irreversible adverse effects of statins need to be evaluated more rigorously now that their mechanisms have been elucidated. Key Messages: Apart from the EAS hypothesis that LDL causes ASCVD, recent pharmacological/biochemical studies, as summarized in this review and elsewhere, have revealed that atherosclerosis is caused by statins taken to lower LDL-C, as well as by warfarin and some types of vegetable fats and oils, in the absence of significantly elevated LDL-C levels. Thus, the promotion of statin treatment by the Statement is rather risky and we do not feel that the conclusions are justified for the prevention of ASCVD.

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42

Trausch, Tilmann. "Representing Joint Rule as the Murshid-i Kāmil’s Will". Medieval History Journal 19, n.º 2 (outubro de 2016): 285–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971945816665959.

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At first glance, early Safavid Iran may not be the ideal place to search for forms of consensual rule in the early modern Persianate world, as there where neither estates nor institutionalised procedures for consens-us-based decision-making. However, perhaps it is no less suitable for such considerations than any other non-European realm. As with most other contemporary or present-day rulers, the early Safavids claim for absolute power was rather convention than reality, a fact that is well reflected in present-day scientific literature. However, this is not the case for ‘rule by consensus’. Was consensus and consensus-based decision-making an issue in 16th-century Iran? If we look at the reports of the chronicles from the Safavids courtly sphere on their first ruler, Ismaʿil, we find passages that might well be read that way. Although it is somewhat difficult to imagine Ismaʿil thinking in terms of consensus or even mutual benefit, maybe he did just that. Obviously, ‘rule by consensus’ is a topic from Medieval Studies and is strongly based on the realms of medieval Europe, with no equivalents to many of the specific phenomena, procedures and theories elsewhere. While a ‘rule by consensus’ did not exist in early Safavid Iran, consensus-based decision-making did.

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Blühdorn, Ingolfur. "Ecological consensus and anti‐modernist simplicity". Debatte: Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe 2, n.º 2 (janeiro de 1994): 64–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09651569408454488.

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Meilaender, Gilbert. "Against Consensus: Christians and Public Bioethics". Studies in Christian Ethics 18, n.º 1 (abril de 2005): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0953946805052124.

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Jacoby, Tim. "Theorizing Fascism: Cases, Comparison and Consensus". European History Quarterly 46, n.º 4 (setembro de 2016): 702–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265691416653896.

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Engelstad, Fredrik. "Democratic Elitism – Conflict and Consensus". Comparative Sociology 8, n.º 3 (2009): 383–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156913309x447585.

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AbstractClassical elite theory stressed tensions between elites and democracy, whereas modern studies of elites take democracy as a point of departure – to a large extent under the heading of democratic elitism. This article discusses two strands of elite studies in a democracy perspective, one stressing elite conflict, the other focusing on elite consensus. As points of departure for empirical analysis both strands are valuable, but when linked to democratic theory they are insufficient. It is necessary to view elites in light of constitutional features that regulate their relationship with the state. Moreover, the public sphere must be taken into account as a constitutive element of democracy and as an arena for communication between elite groups and between them and citizenries.

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van Zuuren, Esther J., Patricia Logullo, Amy Price, Zbys Fedorowicz, Ellen L. Hughes e William T. Gattrell. "Existing guidance on reporting of consensus methodology: a systematic review to inform ACCORD guideline development". BMJ Open 12, n.º 9 (setembro de 2022): e065154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065154.

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ObjectiveTo identify evidence on the reporting quality of consensus methodology and to select potential checklist items for the ACcurate COnsensus Reporting Document (ACCORD) project to develop a consensus reporting guideline.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesEmbase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Emcare, Academic Search Premier and PsycINFO from inception until 7 January 2022.Eligibility criteriaStudies, reviews and published guidance addressing the reporting quality of consensus methodology for improvement of health outcomes in biomedicine or clinical practice. Reports of studies using or describing consensus methods but not commenting on their reporting quality were excluded. No language restrictions were applied.Data extraction and synthesisScreening and data extraction of eligible studies were carried out independently by two authors. Reporting quality items addressed by the studies were synthesised narratively.ResultsEighteen studies were included: five systematic reviews, four narrative reviews, three research papers, three conference abstracts, two research guidance papers and one protocol. The majority of studies indicated that the quality of reporting of consensus methodology could be improved. Commonly addressed items were: consensus panel composition; definition of consensus and the threshold for achieving consensus. Items least addressed were: public patient involvement (PPI); the role of the steering committee, chair, cochair; conflict of interest of panellists and funding. Data extracted from included studies revealed additional items that were not captured in the data extraction form such as justification of deviation from the protocol or incentives to encourage panellist response.ConclusionThe results of this systematic review confirmed the need for a reporting checklist for consensus methodology and provided a range of potential checklist items to report. The next step in the ACCORD project builds on this systematic review and focuses on reaching consensus on these items to develop the reporting guideline.Protocol registrationhttps://osf.io/2rzm9.

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Strong, Rowan. "Introduction: Classic Texts and the Consensus Fidelium". Journal of Anglican Studies 5, n.º 2 (dezembro de 2007): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1740355307083642.

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Downton, R. "Book Review: One Faith: The Evangelical Consensus". Ecclesiology 2, n.º 3 (1 de maio de 2006): 372–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/174413660600200311.

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Morgan, Robert. "Book Reviews : The Growth of a Consensus". Expository Times 107, n.º 6 (março de 1996): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001452469610700613.

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