Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Confort intérieur"
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Berghout, Belkacem. "Effet de l’implantation d’un bâtiment collectif sur le confort hygrothermique intérieur cas de Biskra, Algérie". Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2012. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/1007/1/BERGHOUT_Belkacem.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteGuerfala, Nasreddine. "Étude thermo-aéraulique d'une piscine intérieure". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6181.
Texto completo da fonteDanca, Paul Alexandru. "Stratégies de ventilation pour l'amélioration de la qualité de l'environnement intérieur dans les véhicules". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S089.
Texto completo da fontePrediction of comfortable thermal conditions inside a vehicle cabin is still a challenge due to the transient behavior of this environment. Understanding flow patterns is still difficult nowadays for researchers due to the complexity of the interior cabin geometry and of the ventilation system (flow rate, location and geometry of the air diffusers). Thermal comfort has been widely studied in build environments, while thermal comfort in vehicles is a relatively new subject, with fairly few extensive studies that are exploring all possibilities of investigation in this direction. The currently available standard intended for the evaluation of vehicle thermal environment, EN ISO 14505, propose models extensively used for buildings, which do not seem to be entirely adapted for the vehicular space. Unlike the indoor environment from buildings, the vehicular cabin climate is dominated by thermal transient conditions: the strongly non-uniform temperature distributions, both in air and on the surfaces, associated with the high localized air speeds, the relatively higher levels of relative humidity compared to the buildings, the solar radiation intensity, and the radiative heat exchange from the interior surfaces, the angles of incidence of the solar radiation etc. In the absence of the evaluation models adapted to this environment, the available literature is dispersed around those papers dealing with environmental conditions inside the vehicle that might affect the human thermal comfort and those concerning the human’s response and perception of its interaction with the environment. In this context, we decided to orient the research work in this thesis around the complex problematic of cabin thermal environment and its effect on driver’s and passenger’s thermal state. The thesis presents numerical and experimental studies of the effects of an improved set of dashboard air diffusers over passengers’ thermal comfort. The general objectives of the doctoral research project could be summarized as following: to deepen the knowledge and to understand thermal phenomena that occur in cabin thermal environment; to develop and validate a complex numerical model in order to get insight into the complex phenomena previously evoked. These three general objectives were intended to sustain the main goal of the doctoral research that is: improvement of thermal sensation of vehicle occupants, by implementation of innovative air diffusers. To this end we oriented our research towards diffusers with a special geometry that allows flow control mechanisms resulting in the improvement of mixing between air supply by the ventilation system and the ambient air in the cabin. During the complex quest, we could have the opportunity to become familiar to the intricate thermal phenomena, to analyze the real role played by transient environment parameters perceiving thermal comfort and in its estimation. During all this quest we tried to stay on a line that would ultimately allow to respond to a set of fundamental questions, namely: To what extent this kind of parameters can affect the perceiving of comfort, and also the consequences of an "incomplete" assessment proposed by the existing evaluation models ? How is, in this context, affected the ventilation and air conditioning design due to the use of current models for pre-evaluating a good functioning of the HVAC systems – in particular for vehicles - and an acceptable environment for their users ?
Koufi, Lounes. "Simulation thermo-aéraulique de la ventilation et du transport de polluants dans des cavités : application à la qualité de l'air intérieur et au confort thermique". Thesis, Artois, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ARTO0210/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis deals with the numerical prediction of heat and mass transfer impact on the air quality and thermal comfort within either ventilated or not cavities filled with pollutants. Indeed, ventilated areas are first modeled to be as ventilated cavities in a first approximation.To carry out this study, we adopt a numerical model based on solving equations governing momentum, heat and mass transfer. The first part of this thesis is dedicated to some generalities on ventilation, air quality and thermal comfort and the bibliographic review of previous works. The adopted approach is described in Chapter 2. It is based on the Boussinesq approximation. The RNG k-ε model is used to handle turbulence. The finite-volume method (FVM) is used to discretize of the set of equations, and the pressure-velocity coupling is achieved via the SIMPLEC algorithm. In the second part, we consider the thermal convection and thermosolutal convection in closed cavities. The main aim is a) to validate the considered model by comparing our results with those of literature, and b) to investigate influence of the thermal Rayleigh number and the buoyancy ratio. Our findings indicate that the model accurately predicts heat and mass transfer.Then, we apply this approach to the case of two-dimensional ventilated cavities subjected to temperature and concentration gradients. The indices of air quality and ventilation efficiency are calculated and discussed. We end this work by analyzing the influence of ventilation on the quality of indoor air in a three-dimensional room in transient regime. This investigation covers different scenarios from the simple flow mechanical ventilation which aims to find the best configuration in terms of efficiency and quality of indoor air
Dubois, Catherine. "Confort et diversité des ambiances lumineuses en architecture : l'influence de l'éclairage naturel sur les occupants". Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23949/23949.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteAllab, Yacine. "Evaluation expérimentale des performances des systèmes de ventilation dans le bâtiment : efficacité de ventilation et confort thermique". Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENAM0046/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe performance of a system must be well defined, attainable and above all measurable. This is not the case today for ventilation. On the one hand ventilation performance is usually declined on energy efficiency considerations or simply on a rough estimation of ventilation rates. The performance related to thermal comfort and IAQ are addressed separately through dedicated evaluation tools. On the other hand, the existing evaluation tools today are nowadays limited in their practical applications for in situ measurements, in particular in the case of natural and mixed ventilation. The aim of the present thesis is to examine the existing experimental technics, at full scale building in order to propose improvements on evaluation methods and commissioning protocols. The present thesis deals with ventilation performance taking into account ventilation efficiency as intrinsic performance and thermal comfort as overall performance.The first part is devoted to the in situ assessment of intrinsic ventilation performance (ventilation rates, mean age of air, and air exchange efficiency), based on decay tracer gas techniques. After a theorical analysis of the various performance indexes and their corresponding measurement techniques, an experimental study was carried out in a classroom under different ventilation strategies (mechanical, natural & mixed mode). The analysis proved the importance of the application of the tracer gas decay on ventilation rates accuracy with in particular a strong influence of measurement times and used tracer gas concentration. A methodology has been adapted and tested for the measurement of the air exchange efficiency in natural and mixed mode ventilation, by avoiding measurements in exhaust vents (a technique usually used and advocated by current standards).The second part is devoted to in situ assessment of thermal comfort under different ventilation strategies. Different methods, standards and evaluation techniques were tested and compared with occupants’ perception. The results demonstrated the presence of several inadequacies during the implementation of existing methods and standards. Mainly, it concerns the inadequacy of static methods (PMV PPD) for thermal comfort assessment in the presence of fluctuating thermal conditions, even with mechanical ventilation. Uncertainty analysis related to measurement errors has demonstrated the incoherence of current standards in the classification of comfort categories
Miqueau, Valentin. "Fiabilité de la méthode de prédiction vibro-acoustique SEA dans un contexte d'évaluation subjective du confort acoustique automobile". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, INSA, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ISAL0102.
Texto completo da fonteAs the cabins of new vehicles become increasingly silent, the sound quality and the acoustic comfort have become key arguments for car manufacturers to destinguish themselves from their competitors. Research on sound perception currently relies on an experimental approach involving juries listening to signals recorded on prototypes. To avoid the costs associated with these elaborate setups, a digital approach is proposed in the present work. The results of a model based on the SEA method (Statistical Energy Analysis), developed by Saint-Gobain Research Compiègne, would be used to generate the signals for subjective experiences. It is already used to predict the impact of glazing changes on the interior noise level of a vehicle exposed to environmental noise. However, its use to assess the automotive acoustic comfort brought about by these changes raises several questions, which we address in this thesis : — How should we generate audio signals from the predicted sound pressure level? — Can we use the obtained signals to evaluate acoustic comfort inside the car cabin with the same effectiveness as with recordings measured in the vehicle? Firstly, a signal generation process based on data obtained from the numerical model was proposed and then validated through a perceptual experiment. Next, two other subjective assessments by a panel of judges revealed a similar trend in the annoyance experienced, for several glazing configurations, regardless of the origin of the sounds (simulated or measured). They did, however, highlight a discrepancy in the assessments when tempered glazing was introduced into the vehicle configurations. The window seals, which were not included in the model, were suspected of being the cause of this variation. Subsequently, the experimental examination of the vibro-acoustic behavior of a flat glass installed in the window seals allowed us to observe a dissipation contribution from the seals. This resulted in an increase of the acoustic insulation of the glazing. As this insulation characterizes the glazing in the model, its sensitivity to the dissipation contribution of the seals had to be incorporated into our numerical approach. Finally, after analyzing the dissipation mechanisms for both the glazing and the seals, a numerical model based on the finite element method was implemented. It predicts the acoustic insulation of the glazing as it should be integrated into the SEA numerical model in order to take account of the effect of the joints at the boundaries of the glass sample. Given that the calibration of the model at mid-high frequencies is the result of an empirical parameter search process, it is essential to consider revising the model and search method in future work
Mandrara, Zaratiana. "Impact thermique des revêtements en bois sur l'ambiance intérieure des bâtiments : application dans l'habitat traditionnel en France et à Madagascar". Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00690806.
Texto completo da fonteHernandez, Wilches Oscar. "Etude et analyse de la ventilation et de la qualité des environnements intérieurs (QEI) dans les bâtiments de bureaux à faible demande énergétique : le cas de la Tour Elithis à Dijon". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LAROS016/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis research work was carried out in conformity with the Industrial Convention of Training by Research (CIFRE). And was financed by the National Association of Research and Technology (ANRT) and the Elithis Group (Groupe Elithis), engineering and consulting firm specializing in the field of energy efficiency. The building represents more than 40 % of the energy demand in Europe and more than a third of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), an important effort to improve the energy efficiency of buildings associated have a drastic reduction in their green house gas emissions (GHG) is necessary today. In this sense, the evolution of the regulations, so Europeans as nationals converge on the development on a large scale new or renovated building with a very low energy demand. In the strategies of conditioning of the internal spaces, the optimized management of ventilation takes the first step. Besides the renewal of air, the ventilation is indeed the oldest and the most widely used strategies of Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ). Besides the energy aspects, the international work led by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2000) or within the framework of coordinated European projects (European Collaborative Action Urban Air, Indoor Environment and Human Exposure) (ECA, 2003) claims today that the air quality is recognized as a real stake in public health (ANSES, 2014). So, to deal with the performance of a ventilation system, besides the energy aspects and its efficiency to evacuate pollutants or to provide new air in the occupied zone, it is thus advisable to approach the complete problem of the Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) integrating into its definition the Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) but also the hydrothermal and visual comfort of the occupants. We carried out a complete follow-up of energy consumption, thermal comfort and the air quality in an office building with low energy demand, the Tower Elithis. We observed that energy efficiency is not always synonymous with comfort and good air quality. We thus created a digital model of this building, which allowed us to test and to analyze different strategies of function. We used various criteria of IEQ which allowed us to make an analysis of the global performance of the building, to conclude that the hydrothermal, visual comfort and the IAQ can be associated to an optimization of the energy demand
Cablé, Axel. "Etude expérimentale et numérique du traitement des ambiances par le vecteur air dans les bâtiments à très basse consommation d'énergie". Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01066685.
Texto completo da fonteMandrara, Zaratiana. "Impact thermique des revêtements en bois sur l’ambiance intérieure des bâtiments : application dans l’habitat traditionnel en France et à Madagascar". Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAL0052/document.
Texto completo da fonteTraditional wood buildings in France and in Madagascar use abundant local forest resources in architecture. Woodcan be considered as renewable and natural material when coming from sustainably managed forest. Using wood in construction contributes significantly in controlling the atmospheric carbon cycle and the emission of greenhouse gas. This study presents the main physical characteristics of wood materials and building systems showing the influence of wood coating on indoor environment. Hygrothermal phenomena across the living space are characterized and presented in this work : the presence of water in the wood, the behavior of equilibrium moisture, heat transfer and mass transfer, the physical parameters of wood material and physical parameters of indoor environment. Thermal comfort is similarly characterised. This work contributes knowledge on the evaluation of interactions between thermal comfort, indoor air and wood coating by means of in situ and laboratory measurements and numerical model simulations
Limane, Abdelhakim. "Modélisation thermo-aéraulique des écoulements d’air avec transfert de chaleur et de masse dans un milieu fermé et humide. Application à une piscine intérieure". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11060.
Texto completo da fonteAbstract : The swimming pool is one of the most popular public establishments in our society and is not just a place for physical activities but also a space for relaxation, play, education and family ties. It is therefore important to ensure a healthy and comfortable indoor environment for the occupants. However, given the size, energy requirement and complexity of the physical phenomena that take place within such space, it is difficult to achieve an optimum balance between interior air quality, thermal comfort of occupants and energy efficiency of the building. This requires a description of the mechanisms, which determine the structure of the airflow by a profound analysis of these phenomena, which are the origin of the heat and mass transfers involved inside such spaces. The objective of this thesis is to present a numerical thermo-ventilation study using CFD (computational fluid dynamic) in stationary and transient regime that allows to evaluate the dynamic, thermal and thermodynamic behaviors of the various phenomena that take place inside the semi-Olympic closed swimming pool at Bishop's University (Sherbrooke, Qc, Canada). The aim is to improve the indoor air quality and thermal comfort of occupants as well as its energy efficiency. The simulations are carried out using OpenFOAM (Open Field Operation and Manipulation) using a Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach. To do this, a CFD thermo-ventilation study was first carried out on a rectangular cavity with heated floor in order to understand the thermo-ventilation simulations. This has led to the determination of the best ventilation configuration for optimum air quality and thermal comfort. Several CFD simulations of the three-dimensional airflow with heat and mass transfer were also carried out later for the indoor swimming pool to evaluate the effects of outdoor climatic conditions and swimmers on the indoor atmosphere of the pool. By adopting several RANS turbulence models, the comparison of the results obtained with the experimental data allowed to validate the OpenFOAM code. The experimental data were collected in the pool at Bishop's University using a device designed and adapted to the pool’s internal conditions. The devise is equipped with several sensors to measure temperature, relative humidity and velocity. Finally, a thermo-ventilation study of the swimming pool in transient turbulent regime for a duration of 24 hours for typical days of summer and winter was conducted in order to predict the distribution of the various parameters such as velocity, temperature and relative humidity. A statistical analysis showed that the external climatic conditions have no effect on the internal environment of the swimming pool. Moreover, its good thermal insulation demonstrated by a detailed calculation of the thermal losses through building envelope confirms this observation. On the other hand, the evaluation of the indoor air quality and the thermal comfort of occupants revealed that the conditions inside the pool are unacceptable. After which, an adjustment of the air conditioning parameters was made for improvements.
Chen, Austin Miguel. "Couplage entre ventilation naturelle et stockage-déstockage d'énergie sensible en bâtiment : approche expérimentale et modélisation". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0150/document.
Texto completo da fonteAs part of the search for solutions to reduce the energy consumption related to the refreshment of buildings, a test platform was set up in 2012 at the I2M and installed on the IUT site of the " University of Bordeaux. This platform is the result of a prototype of a PEHs building called Sumbiosi, carried out by a consortium gathered around the Bordeaux campus as part of its participation in the inter-university competition of the Solar Decathlon Europe 2012. It was conceived in such a way as to favor the passive storage of diurnal energy in winter and the semi-passive destocking of nighttime energy in summer. Two main elements allow a priori these functions of passive storage and retrieval of energy: a slab of high thermal mass located on the side of the glazed south facade of the building, and solar protections and openings controllable on the facades South, North and skylight of the building ; the latter provide the three fundamental principles of natural ventilation, which take place through the effects of thermal draft and wind force. The object of the work currently carried out has the initial objective of qualitatively understanding the storage and de-stocking of energy in the slab, the latter being subjected to radiative (external and internal) and convective exchanges (generated by natural convection, forced or mixed). They are intended to characterize precisely and quantitatively the coupling between this storage and release, and the circulations of air and radiative contributions observed. The implementation of a modeling, linking all these parameters is envisaged, with the aim of advancing towards a law controlling these mobile elements leading to optimum internal comfort conditions for building. The latter must enable us to show that an adequate choice of ventilation strategy allows a minimization of electrical consumption by avoiding the use of air conditioning as much as possible. To achieve this objective, the scientific approach adopted consisted in highlighting the role of the concrete slab in the storage / destocking of thermal energy, under the effect of different scenarios of natural ventilation of the platform. This slab was instrumented, discretely over its entire surface, in terms of heat flux sensors (Peltier and Captec), temperatures (T thermocouples), and air speed close to the slab. The first results, obtained during the summer period, clearly show the coupling between the phenomena of daily energy storage and destocking and the corresponding meteorological cycle for various scenarios controlling the moving elements of the building envelope (shutters, openings)
Mohsen-Finan, Khadija. "Fonctions et enjeux du conflit du Sahara occidental : conflit régional et politiques intérieures". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995IEPP0010.
Texto completo da fonteThe Western Sahara conflict became, within the past years, a real stake between the North African countries political relationships on the one hand, and inside every concerned country of the region, on another hand. This work, in its two dimensional aspects - regional and national demonstrates how this war interfered and reacted with the regional politics together with major reactions on the national politics of Morocco and Algeria, and to a lesser degree, Mauritania. The Polisario having a specific role in this analysis. One major aspect of this war is also the utilization of the notion of referendum for political reasons by all sides
Dhalluin, Adrien. "Etude de stratégies de ventilation pour améliorer la qualité environnementale intérieure et le confort des occupants en milieu scolaire". Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00823905.
Texto completo da fonteStathopoulos, Nikolaos. "Optimisation numérique et expérimentale de stratégies d’effacement énergétique". Thesis, Vaulx-en-Velin, Ecole nationale des travaux publics, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENTP0001/document.
Texto completo da fonteConsidering the current French energy context, two major challenges are emerging. In the short term, significant peak power consumption has been observed in the past few years during the winter season. These peaks are strongly linked to electrical space heating and have important economic, environmental and social implications. In the long term, ambitious environmental goals have been set at national and European levels, requiring thermal storage technology and efficient management of the built environment. As part of the solution, Phase Change Materials (PCM) and heat exchanger applications offer promising results through thermal storage and load shifting techniques. Within this framework, the objective of this thesis is to develop load shifting solutions which also take into account the thermal comfort of the occupants and the indoor air quality. To achieve this, two tools were necessary: an experimental heat exchanger unit (prototype) and a numerical model that accurately simulates its behavior. The exchanger contains macroencapsumated PCM (paraffin) and is conceived in a way that facilitates its integration in a ventilation system. It is aimed to shift space heating electrical consumption from peak to off-peak period. The unit was experimentally characterized, using an important amount of sensors through full thermal cycles (charging and discharging) and was coupled to an experimental test cell, which led to the testing of preliminary control strategies. The numerical model is based on the heat balance approach and the apparent heat capacity method, using finite differences for differential equation solution under Matlab/Simulink environment. After validation with experimental data, the model was used to optimize the performance of the exchanger. Several parameters were investigated, including heat exchanger dimensions, PCM quantity and properties, seeking the configuration with the optimal compromise between stored heat and the time needed for the charging / discharging process. The numerical model was coupled to a building simulation model and an 80m2 dwelling was conceived for control strategies implementation and evaluation, by investigating different scenarios over a one- month winter period. The scenarios vary with increasing complexity, first considering load shifting and thermal comfort, then adding the final price of electricity consumption and finally taking into account the indoor air quality with the presence of a four-person family. This study has been conducted within the framework of a project funded by the French National Research Agency (Stock-Air: ANR-Stock-E) and was also financially supported by the French Ministry of Sustainable Development
Zernikow, Marcel. "Les règles de conflit de lois confrontées au marché intérieur : étude en droit international privé européen du travail". Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D045.
Texto completo da fonteMobility of workers within the internal market of the European Union is growing constantly, whereas European integration in social matters remains incomplete. The absence of an exhaustively harmonised European Social Law is not only related to the minimum character of harmonisation but also to the lack of an overall competence in social matters. Due to diversity between labour legislations of the Member States, conflict of laws needs to be mobilized in order to guarantee effective freedom of movement. More precisely, Private International Law has the function of promoting the worker protection principle enshrined in free movement law. Our purpose is to analyse possible impacts of the law of the internal market on Conflict of Laws. The subject of the present study is on European Conflict of Laws. Inspired by national conflict of law mechanisms, European conflict of law rules should nowadays fit into the context of European Union Law and therefore adopt its principles. Among those, the worker protection principle – as part of the concept of the internal market – is of high interest. While discovering the content of this principle, we underline different manners in which it can influence conflict of law rules. Our starting point consists in admitting the competence of the European Union for Private International Law matters. While demonstrating failures of the actual European conflict of law rules regarding their adaptability to legislative diversity, we discover that Member States tend to make increasingly use of unilateral mechanisms: Imperativeness is intended to assure Member States’ regulatory interests by designating the law of the forum state. For the purpose of this demonstration, we suggest to analyse the example of posted workers, among others. Territoriality has been observed in Conflict of Laws. This is problematic from the perspective of integration of the internal market, i.e. in our context, the European labour market. Therefore, we suggest that conflict of law rules should be adapted to the requirements of European regulatory interests. Lessons can be drawn from the concept of the internal market which leads us to examine a protective conflict of law rule aiming at integrating the worker into the labour market
Zernikow, Marcel. "Les règles de conflit de lois confrontées au marché intérieur : étude en droit international privé européen du travail". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D045.
Texto completo da fonteMobility of workers within the internal market of the European Union is growing constantly, whereas European integration in social matters remains incomplete. The absence of an exhaustively harmonised European Social Law is not only related to the minimum character of harmonisation but also to the lack of an overall competence in social matters. Due to diversity between labour legislations of the Member States, conflict of laws needs to be mobilized in order to guarantee effective freedom of movement. More precisely, Private International Law has the function of promoting the worker protection principle enshrined in free movement law. Our purpose is to analyse possible impacts of the law of the internal market on Conflict of Laws. The subject of the present study is on European Conflict of Laws. Inspired by national conflict of law mechanisms, European conflict of law rules should nowadays fit into the context of European Union Law and therefore adopt its principles. Among those, the worker protection principle – as part of the concept of the internal market – is of high interest. While discovering the content of this principle, we underline different manners in which it can influence conflict of law rules. Our starting point consists in admitting the competence of the European Union for Private International Law matters. While demonstrating failures of the actual European conflict of law rules regarding their adaptability to legislative diversity, we discover that Member States tend to make increasingly use of unilateral mechanisms: Imperativeness is intended to assure Member States’ regulatory interests by designating the law of the forum state. For the purpose of this demonstration, we suggest to analyse the example of posted workers, among others. Territoriality has been observed in Conflict of Laws. This is problematic from the perspective of integration of the internal market, i.e. in our context, the European labour market. Therefore, we suggest that conflict of law rules should be adapted to the requirements of European regulatory interests. Lessons can be drawn from the concept of the internal market which leads us to examine a protective conflict of law rule aiming at integrating the worker into the labour market
Bruneau, Elyse. "Communications paradoxales et conflit intérieur : analyse de la pièce Grand-peur et Misère du IIIe Reich de Bertolt Brecht". Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26118/26118.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteBruneau, Élyse. "Communications paradoxales et conflit intérieur : analyse de la pièce Grand-peur et misère du IIIe Reich de Bertolt Brecht". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20698.
Texto completo da fonteIngels, Christophe. "L'administration libanaise au sortir du conflit civil : permanence de l'enjeu politique partisan et impératifs fonctionnels de la reconstruction à portée nationale". Aix-Marseille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX32023.
Texto completo da fonteThe study of the lebanese state and its administration, following the end of the civil war, is a matter of importance for those who pay an interest in the general and multi-levelled recomposition process of this middle-eastern country. Historically speaking, the lebanese administration was at stake for the political elites who tried to take a personal advantage out of the growing significance of its resources, particularly in the field of development policies. After the civil war, the new political elites show the same great concern about the state's resources brought along with the reconstruction public policies, hindering by their partisanship attitudes the potential effects of the programme as well as the reform process of the administration
Mazy, Kristel. "Villes et ports fluviaux : le projet comme dispositif de reconnexion ? : Regards croisés sur Bruxelles et Lille". Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01066456.
Texto completo da fonteDanca, Paul-Alexandru. "Stratégies de ventilation pour l'amélioration de la qualité de l'environnement intérieur dans les véhicules". Thesis, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S089/document.
Texto completo da fontePrediction of comfortable thermal conditions inside a vehicle cabin is still a challenge due to the transient behavior of this environment. Understanding flow patterns is still difficult nowadays for researchers due to the complexity of the interior cabin geometry and of the ventilation system (flow rate, location and geometry of the air diffusers). Thermal comfort has been widely studied in build environments, while thermal comfort in vehicles is a relatively new subject, with fairly few extensive studies that are exploring all possibilities of investigation in this direction. The currently available standard intended for the evaluation of vehicle thermal environment, EN ISO 14505, propose models extensively used for buildings, which do not seem to be entirely adapted for the vehicular space. Unlike the indoor environment from buildings, the vehicular cabin climate is dominated by thermal transient conditions: the strongly non-uniform temperature distributions, both in air and on the surfaces, associated with the high localized air speeds, the relatively higher levels of relative humidity compared to the buildings, the solar radiation intensity, and the radiative heat exchange from the interior surfaces, the angles of incidence of the solar radiation etc. In the absence of the evaluation models adapted to this environment, the available literature is dispersed around those papers dealing with environmental conditions inside the vehicle that might affect the human thermal comfort and those concerning the human’s response and perception of its interaction with the environment. In this context, we decided to orient the research work in this thesis around the complex problematic of cabin thermal environment and its effect on driver’s and passenger’s thermal state. The thesis presents numerical and experimental studies of the effects of an improved set of dashboard air diffusers over passengers’ thermal comfort. The general objectives of the doctoral research project could be summarized as following: to deepen the knowledge and to understand thermal phenomena that occur in cabin thermal environment; to develop and validate a complex numerical model in order to get insight into the complex phenomena previously evoked. These three general objectives were intended to sustain the main goal of the doctoral research that is: improvement of thermal sensation of vehicle occupants, by implementation of innovative air diffusers. To this end we oriented our research towards diffusers with a special geometry that allows flow control mechanisms resulting in the improvement of mixing between air supply by the ventilation system and the ambient air in the cabin. During the complex quest, we could have the opportunity to become familiar to the intricate thermal phenomena, to analyze the real role played by transient environment parameters perceiving thermal comfort and in its estimation. During all this quest we tried to stay on a line that would ultimately allow to respond to a set of fundamental questions, namely: To what extent this kind of parameters can affect the perceiving of comfort, and also the consequences of an "incomplete" assessment proposed by the existing evaluation models ? How is, in this context, affected the ventilation and air conditioning design due to the use of current models for pre-evaluating a good functioning of the HVAC systems – in particular for vehicles - and an acceptable environment for their users ?
Gagnon, Brigitte. "Écosystème relationnel pour une paix intérieure et extérieure : modèle issu d’une méthode mixte en recherche sur l’approche de l’écoute compassionnelle selon The Compassionate Listening Project". Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23423.
Texto completo da fonteCette recherche en sciences des religions appliquées porte sur l’approche de l’écoute compassionnelle (Cohen, 2011) développée par l’organisme The Compassionate Listening Project (TCLP) et pratiquée en contexte de réconciliation entre Juifs et Palestiniens d’Israël, de la bande de Gaza et de la Cisjordanie. Selon Marie Pace (2005), qui a fait une étude de cas empirique sur cette approche de construction de la paix, plusieurs participants ont témoigné à leur retour que cette expérience avait été transformationnelle et avait changé leur vie. Certains parlaient même de guérison (healing) (Pace, 2005). Quel processus est au coeur de cette approche, dont le rôle de la compassion est central ? Comment se vit l’expérience de procurer et de recevoir de l’écoute compassionnelle ? Quel impact de transformation, voire de guérison (healing) est à l’oeuvre ? Tel que le clament les auteures de cette méthode, s'il s'avérait qu’elle soit le moteur d'un dialogue plus profond et d'une réconciliation véritable, est-ce qu’il y a un apport particulier d’une forme de spiritualité ? Si oui, quelle est-elle ? Pour répondre à ces questions, une méthode mixte en recherche de type exploratoire fut empruntée, débutant par une phase qualitative suivie d’une phase quantitative de recherche (Cresswell & Plano Clark, 2011). Une observation participante au sein d’une délégation en Israël-Palestine en 2010 et quatorze entrevues individuelles auprès des délégués furent effectuées ainsi qu’une analyse documentaire sur les écrits liés à cette approche. La phase quantitative a inclus l’administration d’un questionnaire auprès de plusieurs anciens participants aux délégations organisées par TCLP de 1998 à 2015 (n=60). Ce qui a permis de vérifier des éléments de réponse sur l’objet d’étude fourni par les entrevues, en plus des composantes d’une théorie émergente. L’étude adopte la méthodologie de la théorie enracinée (Grounded Theory) et présente une théorie de processus social de base (Glaser, 2005) sur les conditions et facteurs favorisant le passage entre un état ou sentiment de séparation avec l’autre, vers une meilleure communication et une connexion profonde et communion. Ces stages s’inscrivent au sein d’un modèle théorique et appliqué nommé : Écosystème relationnel du mieux-être pour lune paix intérieure et extérieure, lequel fait figure de plateforme relationnelle (Lederach, 2005) pour la contribution d’un agenda du coeur aux efforts de paix. Ce modèle informe sur le type de « réponse du coeur » en jeu dans un amour centré sur l’autre, communément vu comme un amour compassionnel (Fehr et al., 2009) et présente une série de variables, indicateurs et indices prenant en compte la synergie et qualité de présence particulières pouvant contribuer aux efforts de paix et à la création d’une culture de la paix intérieure et extérieure dans tout environnement. Mots-clé : Écoute compassionnelle, transformation des conflits, culture de la paix, compassion, écoute, sciences des religions appliquées, amour compassionnel, agenda du coeur, réponse du coeur, conflit israélo-palestinien.