Bibliografias temáticas / Confederated Tribes of the Flathead

Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Confederated Tribes of the Flathead"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 26 de julho de 2024

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Confederated Tribes of the Flathead"

Paquette, Elisabeth. "Reconciliation and Cultural Genocide: A Critique of Liberal Multicultural Strategies of Innocence". Hypatia 35, n.º 1 (2020): 143–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hyp.2019.15.

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AbstractThe aim of this article is to interrogate the concept of cultural genocide. The primary context examined is the Government of Canada's recent attempt at reconciliation through the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Drawing on the work of Audra Simpson (Mohawk), Glen Sean Coulthard (Yellowknives Dene), Kyle Powys Whyte (Potawatomi), Stephanie Lumsden (Hupa), and Luana Ross (Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes, located at Flathead Indian Reservation in Montana), I argue that cultural genocide, like cultural rights, is depoliticized, thus limiting the political impact these concepts can invoke. Following Sylvia Wynter, I also argue that the aims of “truth and reconciliation” can sometimes serve to resituate the power of a liberal multicultural settler state, rather than seek systemic changes that would properly address the present-day implications of the residential school system. Finally, I argue that genocide and culture need to be repoliticized in order to support Indigenous futurity and sovereignty.

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Wolf, Martha A. "Integrated Area Contingency Planning On The Clark Fork Watershed". International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1999, n.º 1 (1 de março de 1999): 821–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1999-1-821.

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ABSTRACT The Clark Fork and Flathead Basin Sub-Area consists of five counties in the state of Montana and the Flathead Nation. A section of pipeline running through the Flathead reservation was closed by the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes, necessitating product removal from the pipeline in Missoula, Montana, shipment via train and truck over mountainous areas, and reinjection into the pipeline in Thompson Falls, Montana. The area also has hazardous material response issues demonstrating the need for an integrated hazmat and oil response plan. The Sub-Area Committee (sAC) consists of federal, state, tribal, local, and industry responders, planners and Natural Resource Trustees. One week to the day after the first sAC meeting, a train derailment occurred in the designated area. Four cars containing chlorine, one car containing potassium cresylate, and one car containing sodium chlorate began leaking—resulting in one death, over 350 injuries, evacuation of the town of Alberton, closure of Clark Fork for all recreational activities, detour of air traffic and closure of 63 miles of Interstate 90 for 17 days. Thirty minutes after the Alberton derailment, another derailment occurred near Doxon, Montana (also in the planning area) releasing 1,000 gallons of diesel fuel into the Clark Fork River. The plan consists of a core plan that contains the information vital to the response activities, and a volume that has all backup information that is not essential during the response. The plan is also in digitized format that runs off GIS maps. The maps contain all contacts, spill/release sources, available equipment, drinking water intakes, schools, nursing homes, hospitals, fish, wildlife and other sensitive environments. This plan is believed to be the tool that will insure smoother, more efficient responses in the future.

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Byker Shanks, Carmen, Selena Ahmed, Virgil Dupuis, Mike Tryon, MaryAnn Running Crane, Bailey Houghtaling e Teresa Garvin. "Dietary Quality Varies Among Adults on the Flathead Nation of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes in Montana". Journal of Community Health 45, n.º 2 (11 de outubro de 2019): 388–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10900-019-00753-3.

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Acker, Thomas L., William M. Auberle, John D. Eastwood, David R. Laroche, Amanda S. Ormond, Robert P. Slack e Dean H. Smith. "Economic Analysis of Energy-Efficiency Measures: Tribal Case Studies with the Yurok Tribe, the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation, and the Pascua Yaqui Tribe". American Indian Culture and Research Journal 29, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2005): 79–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17953/aicr.29.1.e33m02711704t042.

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Warne, Teresa, Charlie Gregor, Linda K. Ko, Paul K. Drain, Georgina Perez, Selena Ahmed, Virgil Dupuis, Lorenzo Garza e Alex Adams. "206 Perceptions of the COIVD-19 Pandemic on Social, Mental, and Physical Health of Native American and Latino Communities". Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 7, s1 (abril de 2023): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2023.280.

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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The COVID-19 pandemic impacted health systems and exposed disparities in access to health care among underserved populations. We examined how the pandemic shaped social, mental, and physical health among Native American and Latino communities in rural and underserved areas. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Using Theory of Planned Behavior, Social Cognitive Theory, and Social Contextual Factor frameworks, we developed interview guides to examine perceptions of the COVID-19 pandemic on social, mental, and physical health among community members. Stakeholders of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation in Montana and the Hispanic/Latinx population in Yakima Valley in Washington were selected through purposeful community-engagement. A total of six focus group discussions and 30 key informant interviews were administered in both communities. A codebook was developed and deductive coding was applied to informant responses, followed by an inductive, constant comparison approach. The codebook was further refined and inter-rater agreement was completed by three analysts. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Four themes were highlighted as areas impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic (mental and physical health, family dynamics, and social disruptions) with few differences among geographic areas or between focus group (n=39) and key informant (n=28) participants. Perceived impacts on mental health included increased stress, anxiety, and depression, while pandemic-related lifestyle or family changes impacted physical health. Participants reported changes to family routines and dynamics due to staying home, social distancing, and more frequent interactions inside or limited interactions outside the household respectively. Social distruptions reported included impacts on finances, employment, and household staples, though participants highlighted how many community members stepped up to help those in need. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The COVID-19 pandemic had similar impacts on two geographically distinct underserved communities in Montana and Washington. Understanding the community’s experience with the COVID-19 pandemic is critical to identify strategies to support families, community needs, and mental and physical health in underserved communities.

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Healy, Donald T. "Colville Confederated Tribes". Raven: A Journal of Vexillology 3 (1996): 37–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/raven1996/19973/425.

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Healy, Donald T. "Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde". Raven: A Journal of Vexillology 3 (1996): 41–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/raven1996/19973/427.

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Mercier, Marion. "The Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde Tribal Library". OLA Quarterly 12, n.º 4 (2006): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.7710/1093-7374.1133.

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Minahan, Trinity. "The Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde Curriculum Collaboration Effort". OLA Quarterly 19, n.º 3 (2013): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7710/1093-7374.1753.

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Green, Briana. "San Manuel's Second Exception: Identifying Treaty Provisions That Support Tribal Labor Sovereignty". Michigan Journal of Environmental & Administrative Law, n.º 6.2 (2017): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.36640/mjeal.6.2.san.

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Inspired by the holding in WinStar World Casino, this Note considers the potential for tribes to make treaty-based arguments when facing the threat of National Labor Relations Board jurisdiction. This Note presents the results of a survey of U.S. government treaties with Native Americans to identify those treaties with language similar to that interpreted by the Board in WinStar World Casino. The survey identified four treaties and four tribes that could make treaty-based arguments like those made in Winstar World Casino: the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation, the Muscogee (Creek) Nation, the Seminole Nation of Oklahoma, and the Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin. As the applicability of WinStar World Casino is narrow, this Note also considers the possibility of a broader legislative option to clarify the law and ensure labor sovereignty for all tribes.

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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Confederated Tribes of the Flathead"

Lewis, David G. "Termination of the Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon : politics, community, identity /". Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank) Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10067.

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Lewis, David G. (David Gene) 1965. "Termination of the confederated tribes of the Grand Ronde community of Oregon: Politics, community, identity". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10067.

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xvii, 413 p. : ill., maps. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.
In 1954, one hundred years after the western Oregon Indians were removed to the Grand Ronde Reservation; the antecedent peoples were subjected to the final effort by the United States to colonize the remainder of their lands through Federal termination policy. The permanent Grand Ronde Reservation, settled in 1855 and established by presidential executive order in 1857, was terminated by Congress, and the tribal people lost their Federal recognition. The seven ratified treaties that ceded to the United States millions of acres of land, most of western Oregon, which was occupied by over 60 tribal nations, were nullified. These 60 tribes were declared by Congress to be assimilated, and termination was enacted to free them from continued government management and oppression. In western Oregon, native people appeared to cease to exist, and for 29 years the Grand Ronde descendants suffered disenfranchisement and a multitude of social problems. The reservation's tribal cultures, languages, and community were severely fractured and much was lost. Terminated tribal members were rejected by other tribes as having willingly sold out to the Federal government. During the post-termination era, despite all of the problems the tribal members faced, they found ways to survive and worked to restore the tribe. In 1983, the Grand Ronde Tribe was restored. This research gathers disparate information from political, anthropological, historical, and tribal sources to analyze and understand the termination of the Grand Ronde Reservation. Revealed are the many political issues of the 1940s and 1950s that contributed to termination. Oral histories and government correspondence and reports from the era are referenced to illuminate the reality of tribal life in the post-termination era. The research connects to historic strategies of the Federal government to colonize all aboriginal lands and to assimilate Indians. Finally, this study seeks to unveil the history of the Grand Ronde Reservation and its peoples so that the tribal people may understand and recover from the effects of the termination of the tribe. The continued effects of termination are explored, discussed, and connected to issues of tribal identity and indigenous decolonization.
Adviser: Lynn Stephen

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Reservation, Confedered Tribes of the Umatilla Indian, Richard W. Stoffle e Richard A. Arnold. "NEPA Analysis for CTUIR at Hanford". Department of Energy, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/297133.

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The Greater than Class C (GTCC) Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) evaluated the potential impacts from the construction and operation of a new facility or facilities, or use of an existing facility, employing various disposal methods (geologic repository, intermediate depth borehole, enhanced near surface trench, and above grade vault) at six federal sites and generic commercial locations. For three of the locations being considered as possible locations, consulting tribes were brought in to comment on their perceptions on how GTCC low level radioactive waste would affect Native American resources (land, water, air, plants, animals, archaeology, etc.) short and long term. The consulting tribes produced essays that were incorporated into the EIS and these essays are in turn included in this collection. This essay was produced by the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation.

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Davis, Gregry Michael. "šawaš IlI?i-šawaš wawa -- 'Indian country--Indian language' : A Participant Observation Case Study of Language Planning by the Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon". PDXScholar, 1998. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4979.

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The Kwelth Tahlkie Culture and Heritage Board (KTC&HB) of the Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon (CTGR) have made it a priority to revitalize one of the languages which historically has been associated with being a Grand Ronde Indian-Chinook Jargon, referred to as činuk wawa 'Chinook talk' or simply činuk. The purpose of the present study was to observe the language planning process as executed by the KTC&HB. Initial guiding questions were: (i) What stages is the KTC&HB going through in the process of planning for činuk revitalization? (ii) How do these efforts compare with theory and actual practice in other settings? (iii) How will the KTC&HB achieve their goals, and how successful will they be? The researcher participated in the language planning process, functioning as a linguistic consultant. From January through May 1998, over 150 hours were spent on location in Grand Ronde, working primarily with the Tribe's language specialist to develop materials on činok. The language planning efforts have resulted in the production of a variety of language materials, which are, at this point, still in draft form. They include an orthography-developed to increase readability and learnability of the language, a grammar—including both syntactic and phonological descriptions, and a dictionary—based on a wide variety of sources on činuk. Participant observation reveals that there is support for the language planning efforts in GR at a number of levels: the Tribal Council, the KTC&HB, and the činuk lu?lu,, a group often to fifteen tribal members committed to learning the language. This group will assist the language specialist in future language planning decisions. The success of the early stages of language planning in this case can be attributed, at least in part, to the Native locus of control, which has been established. Clearly defined and articulated relationships with outside linguists will also contribute to the success of this case. The cinok lu?lu is off to a good start, as well, with highly motivated community members striving to learn the language quickly.

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Branson, Mary Kathleen. "A Comparative Study of the Flathead, Cayuse and Nez Perce Tribes in Reference to the Pattern of Acceptance and Rejection to the Missionaries in the Mid-nineteenth Century". PDXScholar, 1995. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4868.

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By 1836 both the Presbyterians and the Jesuits had penetrated the Pacific Northwest. The Whitmans and the Spaldings were the first Presbyterians to settle in this region. The Whitmans settled with the Cayuse at W ailaptu near Walla Walla and the Spaldings resided at Lapwaii with the Nez Perce tribe. Although two Canadian priests were working in this region, it was not until 1840, with the arrival of Father Jean-Pierre DeSmet that the Jesuits commenced their missionary work. Fr. DeSmet initially settled with the Flathead tribe in the Bitterroot Valley of Montana. This paper observes how the Jesuits in Montana and the Presbyterians in the Columbia basin related with their respective tribes. With each situation a pattern occurs of tribal acceptance and rejection. The different tribes were initially eager to learn from the missionaries but as the years pass by, the novelty of Christianity wore thin. What became more obvious to the tribal members was that slowly their numbers were diminishing due to disease brought over by white settlers and simultaneously their land was disappearing as the pioneers built their homes. This observation resulted directly in the Native American rejection of the Christian missionaries. The Jesuits and the Spaldings were fortunate to escape without physical harm. This was not the case, though for Dr. Marcus and Narcissa Whitman who lost their lives in the Whitman massacre. To understand the reasons for this rejection, this paper spends the first few chapters looking into the background of the three tribes as well as the missionaries. It then examines the three different tribes and their history with their respective missionaries, observing the reasons, both long and short term for their failures. In the final chapter the paper investigates the obvious yet undocumented competition between the Catholic and Protestant missionaries to be the sole religion in this region. Their co-existence of these two faiths was another factor which resulted in the disillusionment of the Native American tribes in this region.

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Teverbaugh, Aeron. "Tribal constructs and kinship realities : individual and family organization on the Grand Ronde Reservation from 1856". PDXScholar, 2000. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3237.

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This project examines marriage and residence patterns on the Grand Ronde Reservation between 1856 and the early 1900s. It demonstrates that indigenous cultural patterns continued despite a colonial imagination that refused to see them. Members of the Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde continued to live in family groups much as they had in the pre-reservation era. They continued to exhibit patterns of marriage and kinship that were described in the ethnographies and by the earliest explorers in the Oregon area.

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Hedberg, David-Paul Brewster. ""As Long as the Mighty Columbia River Flows"| The Leadership and Legacy of Wilson Charley, a Yakama Indian Fisherman". Thesis, Portland State University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10257445.

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On March 10, 1957, the United States Army Corps of Engineers completed The Dalles Dam and inundated Celilo Falls, the oldest continuously inhabited site in North America and a cultural and economic hub for Indigenous people. In the negotiation of treaties between the United States, nearly one hundred years earlier, Indigenous leaders reserved access to Columbia River fishing sites as they ceded territory and retained smaller reservations. In the years before the dam’s completion, leaders, many of who were the descendants of earlier treaty signatories, attempted to stop the dam and protect both fishing sites from the encroachment of state and federal regulations and archaeological sites from destruction. This study traces the work of Wilson Charley, a Native fisherman, a member of the Yakama Nation’s Tribal Council, and great-grandson of one of the 1855 treaty signatories. More broadly, this study places Indigenous actors on a twentieth-century Columbia River while demonstrating that they played active roles in the protest and management of areas affected by The Dalles Dam.

Using previously untapped archival sources—a substantial cache of letters—my analysis illustrates that Charley articulated multiple strategies to fight The Dalles Dam and regulations to curtail Native’s treaty fishing rights. Aiming to protect the 1855 treaty and stop The Dalles Dam, Charley created Native-centered regulatory agencies. He worked directly with politicians and supported political candidates, like Richard Neuberger, that favored Native concerns. He attempted to build partnerships with archaeologists and landscape preservationists concerned about losing the area’s rich cultural sites. Even after the dam’s completion, he conceptualized multiple tribal economic development plans that would allow for Natives’ cultural and economic survival.

Given the national rise of technological optimism and the willingness for the federal government to terminate its relationship with federally recognized tribes, Charley realized that taking the 1855 treaty to court was too risky for the political climate of the 1950s. Instead, he framed his strategies in the language of twentieth-century conservation, specifically to garner support from a national audience of non-natives interested in protecting landscapes from industrial development. While many of these non-native partners ultimately failed him, his strategies are noteworthy for three reasons. First, he cast the fight to uphold Native treaty rights in terms that were relevant to non-natives, demonstrating his complex understanding of the times in which he lived. Second, his strategies continued an ongoing struggle for Natives to fish at their treaty-protected sites, thereby documenting an overlooked period between the fishing rights cases of the turn of the twentieth century and the 1960s and 1970s. Charley left a lasting legacy that scholars have not recognized because many of his visionary ideas came to fruition decades later. Finally, my analysis of Charley’s letters also documents personal details that afford readers the unique perspective of one Indigenous person navigated through a tumultuous period in the Pacific Northwest and Native American history.

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Palacios, Kelly C. "The potential of dynamic segmentation for aquatic ecosystem management : Pacific lamprey decline in the native lands of the Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians (Oregon, USA)". Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/29201.

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The Lamprey Eel Decline project conducted by the Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians (CTSI) combined traditional ecological knowledge, scientific research and geographic information science. CTSI wanted to learn why the Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentata), a culturally and ecologically important species, was declining in the streams within their native land area. The project included interviewing native elders, characterizing stream habitat, monitoring water quality, creating a geographic information system (GIS) and educating tribal members on the cultural and ecological importance of the Pacific lamprey. Dynamic segmentation, a GIS data structure, was used to link standard stream survey data on the river unit scale to a base stream coverage (1:24,000). Dynamic segmentation efficiently associates georeferenced data to a linear feature, thus allowing the data to be readily assessable on desktop computer systems. To be more useful to the tribal and local resource managers, it is recommended that these GIS coverages of aquatic habitat should be used in conjunction with additional data coverages and basic regional models for watershed analysis and better management of aquatic ecosystems.
Graduation date: 2001

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Rogers, Michael. "Detection of burials at the Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians historic period cemetery, Oregon : a comparison of ground-based remote sensing methods". Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/33356.

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This project hypothesizes that the use of multiple ground-based remote sensing methods can collectively characterize the geophysical signatures of four marked human burials at the Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians historic period cemetery. If the geophysical signatures of the marked burials can be characterized, these signatures may be used to located unmarked burials within the Siletz cemetery. To investigate this hypothesis, several research questions focused on the results from topographic, cesium gradiometer, and ground-penetrating radar surveys. A 15m x 15m region of the cemetery containing four marked burials defines the survey region. The results of each survey were individually and collectively examined to identify the characteristic geophysical signatures of the four marked burials. The topographic and magnetic surveys identified geophysical anomalies spatially associated with the some of the marked burials. The ground-penetrating radar survey was the most productive by identifying geophysical anomalies spatially associated with all four marked burials. Even though signals from the burials appeared with mixed results, it proved difficult to characterize the geophysical signatures of the burials in the individual and collective geophysical data. Without a characterization of the geophysical signature of the marked burials, it is difficult to identify unmarked burials at the Siletz cemetery. Due to the success of the radar at "seeing" all four marked burials it may be possible to identify areas free of unmarked burials.
Graduation date: 2001

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Livros sobre o assunto "Confederated Tribes of the Flathead"

Robert, Bigart, e Woodcock Clarence, eds. In the name of the Salish & Kootenai nation: The 1855 Hell Gate Treaty and the origin of the Flathead Indian Reservation. Pablo, Mont: Salish Kootenai College Press, 1996.

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McIntyre, John D. An assessment of bull trout and lake trout interactions in Flathead Lake, Montana: A report to the Montana bull trout restoration team ; Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks ; and Confederated Salish and Kootenai tribes. [Place of publication not identified]: [publisher not identified], 1998.

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Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Reservation in Oregon. e Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Reservation in Oregon. Statutes of the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation. Pendleton, Or: Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation, 1999.

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Rogers, Kris Olson. Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation tribal court evaluation. Portland, Or: Northwestern School of Law, 1992.

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Arnold, Laurie. Bartering with the bones of their dead: The Colville Confederated tribes and termination. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2012.

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Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation. [Constitution, by-laws, and ordinances of the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation]. [Nespelem, Wash: The Tribes, 1992.

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Whereat, Don. The Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua and Siuslaw Indians: Our Culture and History. Newport, Oregon: Don Whereat, 2011.

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Project, Salish Kootenai College Tribal History. Challenge to survive: History of the Salish tribes of the Flathead Indian Reservation. Pablo, Mont: Salish Kootenai College Tribal History Project, 2008.

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College, Salish Kootenai, ed. Challenge to survive: History of the Salish tribes of the Flathead Indian Reservation. Pablo, Mont: Salish Kootenai College Tribal History Project, 2008.

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Confederated tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua and Siuslaw Indians. Constitution of the Confederated Tribes of the Coos, Lower Umpqua and Siuslaw Indians of Oregon. [Coos Bay, OR]: The Confederated Tribes, 1986.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Confederated Tribes of the Flathead"

"The Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation". In Bribed with Our Own Money, 167–84. Nebraska, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/jj.13840499.15.

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Kretzler, Ian. "“I Can Tell It Always”". In Archaeologies of Indigenous Presence, 25–47. University Press of Florida, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813069159.003.0002.

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The presumed or anticipated disappearance of Native peoples has long-guided US settler colonialism. Native disappearance, whether physical or cultural, also informed early archaeological examinations of postcontact Native history and continues to shape archaeological practice. Chapter 2 frames Native disappearance as an enduring expectation, one that may be subverted by collaborative research with Native communities that leaves room for—and if anything, expects—the unexpected. Drawing on two community-based projects developed in partnership with the Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde as case studies, this chapter argues that research grounded in Native knowledge provides a framework for identifying the unexpected. At Grand Ronde, this approach yielded new insight into the history of allotment on the Grand Ronde Reservation in northwestern Oregon and the culturally salient belongings used by the reservation community at the turn of the twentieth century. Collaborative research that addresses Native disappearance within archaeology may result in new research strategies that are at once less encumbered by the legacies of US settler colonialism and help tell Native peoples’ stories of survivance.

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Schwyzer, Philip. "Exhumation and Ethnic Conflict Colonial Archaeology from St Erkenwald to Spenser in Ireland". In Archaeologies of English Renaissance Literature, 36–71. Oxford University PressOxford, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199206605.003.0003.

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Abstract In the summer of 1996, a human skeleton was recovered from the banks of the Columbia river in Kennewick, Washington. At first, the bones were judged to be those of an early European settler, on the basis of height and the elongated, ‘Caucasoid’ cranium. Yet a stone spear point embedded in the pelvic bone was of a type used thousands of years in the past. The results of carbon dating indicated that the skeleton was more than nine thousand years old. Word quickly spread that a ‘white man’ had walked in ancient Washington—a claim that was taken in some quarters to suggest that Native Americans might not be the real ‘natives’ after all. The request of the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Reservation that the bones be relinquished to them for reburial was resisted by a team of archaeologists who argued that the skeleton should be retained for further study. The long legal conflict that ensued was, for all concerned, about much more than the fate of Kennewick Man. It was, in the words of one of the archaeologists involved, ‘a battle over who controls America‘s past’.1

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"Propagated Fish in Resource Management". In Propagated Fish in Resource Management, editado por DOUGLAS E. OLSON, BOB SPATEHOLTS, MIKE PAIYA e DONALD E. CAMPTON. American Fisheries Society, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569698.ch49.

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Abstract.—Salmon hatcheries in the Pacific Northwest continue to produce fish for harvest, largely to fulfill a mitigation function. Fisheries management struggles with the need to integrate this harvest opportunity from hatcheries with wild fish conservation. Warm Springs National Fish Hatchery demonstrates a program that balances this need to help offset salmon losses, provide fisheries, and protect wild fish. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon initiated the hatchery program in 1978 with wild, native fish from the Warm Springs River. The goal is to cooperatively manage hatchery operations to balance harvest opportunities with protection of wild fish populations and their inherent genetic resources. The management objectives are (1) to produce spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha for harvest in tribal subsistence and sport fisheries, (2) to preserve the genetic characteristics of the native population both in the hatchery and in the naturally spawning component of the integrated population, (3) to manage impact on wild fish to levels which pose a minimum risk, and (4) to develop and implement a hatchery operations plan to achieve both the harvest and conservation goals for the Warm Springs River Chinook population. To determine if these objectives are met, data on harvest, escapement, recruitment, spawning success, fish health, survival, run timing, age and size at return, and juvenile production characteristics have been collected to monitor changes over time and to compare performance of wild and hatchery origin fish. These data have been cooperatively collected by the Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for more than 25 years. Every 5 years, a hatchery operation plan has been developed based on this monitoring. The following list of actions are identified in the 2002–2006 hatchery operations plan and are measures for protecting the natural population while operating the hatchery for harvest augmentation: (1) Mass marking and codedwire tagging of hatchery production for selective fisheries, broodstock management, and hatchery evaluations; (2) Selecting broodstock to mimic wild fish run timing; (3) Incorporating wild fish in the hatchery broodstock using a sliding scale; (4) Limiting the number of hatchery fish allowed to spawn naturally; (5) Operating an automated passage system for returning adults to reduce handling of wild fish; (6) Replacing the hatchery’s water intake structure to meet new screening criteria to protect juvenile fish; (7) Simulating environmental and biological factors in the hatchery environment to match natural production; (8) Managing fish health at the hatchery; (9) Assessing ecological interactions between wild and hatchery fish; and (10) Determining the reproductive success of hatchery fish spawning in the stream. The monitoring and management of Warm Springs National Fish Hatchery demonstrates a sustainable program, integrating the need for both harvest and wild fish conservation.

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"Biology and Management of Inland Striped Bass and Hybrid Striped Bass". In Biology and Management of Inland Striped Bass and Hybrid Striped Bass, editado por Mark Mobley, Ed Shallenberger, Marc W. Beutel, Paul Gantzer e Brian Sak. American Fisheries Society, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874363.ch10.

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Abstract.—Habitat for striped bass Morone saxatilis, hybrid striped bass, salmonids, and other coolwater and coldwater fishes can be limiting in stratified reservoirs during summer and early autumn as surface water temperatures increase above tolerable ranges and deeper waters are depleted of dissolved oxygen (DO). Usable habitat can be increased in these reservoirs using oxygen diffusers to increase DO concentrations in the cooler, deeper waters. Several oxygen diffuser systems are currently in operation. Some of the systems were originally designed to increase DO in hydropower reservoir releases, but have also created fish habitat as a result of the diffuser system’s efficient oxygen transfer capabilities in the reservoir. Several other systems are operated to improve water quality in the reservoir for water supply, and two systems have specific fish habitat maintenance goals. Improvements in DO for fish have been obtained at Calaveras Reservoir, California by the San Francisco Public Utility Commission, and fish studies at this reservoir are currently underway. In North Twin Lake, Washington, the Colville Confederated Tribes and Washington State University have documented improved trout habitat and reduced sulfide concentrations. Oxygenation of cool, deep water is now a proven technology that can alleviate summertime thermal and oxygen stress on striped bass and hybrid striped bass and can minimize habitat-related mortalities. The technology is being implemented specifically for striped bass with a large installation in J. Strom Thurmond Reservoir, South Carolina, for the Savannah District of the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers.

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Garber, Bart K., e Stephen Conn. "A Change in the Tide: The United States Supreme Court’s Assault on Federal Indian Law and Policy in Brendale v. Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakima Indian Nation and its Relation to Alaska and Canada". In International Yearbook for Legal Anthropology, Volume 8, 107–22. Brill | Nijhoff, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004639195_008.

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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Confederated Tribes of the Flathead"

Whitney, Richard, Matthew Berger e Patrick Tonasket. Colville Confederated Tribes' Performance Project Wildlife Mitigation Acquisitions, Annual Report 2006. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), dezembro de 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/947099.

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Stokowski, P. A., e E. A. Friedli. Socioeconomic conditions in cultural communities: The Nez Perce Tribe, the confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation and the confederated tribes and bands of the Yakima Indian Nation: Interim profile report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), novembro de 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7051523.

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LeCaire, Richard. Chief Joseph Kokanee Enhancement Project : Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservaton 1997 Annual Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), janeiro de 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/842449.

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Vaivoda, Alexis. Hood River Fish Habitat Project; Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon, Annual Report 2001-2002. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), novembro de 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/962826.

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Vaivoda, Alexis. Hood River Fish Habitat Project; Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon, Annual Report 2002-2003. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), fevereiro de 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/963100.

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Cannon, Bruce. Assessment of the health and social service needs of the elderly of the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs. Portland State University Library, janeiro de 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2811.

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Doulas, Speros. Spring Chinook Salmon Production for Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation, Little White Salmon National Fish Hatchery, Annual Report 2006. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), janeiro de 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/941533.

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Macy, Tom L., e Gary A. James. Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation North Fork John Day River Basin Anadromous Fish Enhancement Project, Annual Report for FY 2000. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), março de 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/877177.

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Macy, Tom L., e Gary A. James. Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation North Fork John Day River Basin Anadromous Fish Enhancement Project, Annual Report for FY 2001. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), março de 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/877178.

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Robertson, Shawn W. The Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation of Oregon John Day Basin Office: FY 1999 Watershed Restoration Projects : Annual Report 1999. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), março de 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/786225.

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