Artigos de revistas: "Concludings observations"

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Baldwin, Nicholas D. J. "Concluding Observations". Journal of Legislative Studies 7, n.º 1 (março de 2001): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/714003856.

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Wood, Michael. "Concluding Observations". International Community Law Review 19, n.º 1 (1 de março de 2017): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18719732-12341351.

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Mayhew, David R. "Concluding Observations". Political Science & Politics 34, n.º 02 (junho de 2001): 265–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096501000488.

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Schwebel, Stephen M., Marcel Brus e Albert Jan van den Berg. "Concluding Observations". Leiden Journal of International Law 6, n.º 2 (agosto de 1993): 375–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156500002740.

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Conte, Jon R., e Suzanne B. Savage. "Concluding Observations". Journal of Interpersonal Violence 18, n.º 4 (abril de 2003): 452–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260503252344.

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Steeples, Douglas W. "Concluding observations". New Directions for Higher Education 1986, n.º 54 (1986): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/he.36919865412.

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Steeples, Douglas W. "Concluding observations". New Directions for Higher Education 1988, n.º 64 (1988): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/he.36919886412.

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Steeples, Douglas W. "Concluding observations". New Directions for Higher Education 1990, n.º 71 (1990): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/he.36919907112.

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Begg, David. "Concluding Observations". Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review 108, n.º 432 (dezembro de 2019): 469–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/stu.2019.0028.

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Caussinus, Henri. "Some concluding observations". Annales de la faculté des sciences de Toulouse Mathématiques 11, n.º 4 (2002): 587–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5802/afst.1041.

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Marsden, Brian G. "Observations – Concluding Remarks". International Astronomical Union Colloquium 98 (1988): 225–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100093234.

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DAIL, PAULA W. "Introduction and Concluding Observations". American Behavioral Scientist 45, n.º 1 (setembro de 2001): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00027640121956980.

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Campino, Antonio Carlos. "Summary and Concluding Observations". Food and Nutrition Bulletin 13, n.º 3 (setembro de 1991): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482659101300304.

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Reeves, Hubert. "Concluding Remarks II". Symposium - International Astronomical Union 198 (2000): 578–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900167361.

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The symposium has shown that our subject is well and very alive. It is progressing rapidly, thanks to a large amount of new observational data, obtained in particular by a young generation of competent astronomers. It is encouraging, incidentally, to note the large fraction of women in this generation. When I started in this field, some forty years ago, the feminine contribution was much smaller. I plan to review the state of the situation for each of the three nucleosynthesis processes responsible for the light elements: Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN), galactic cosmic ray spallation of interstellar nuclei (GCR) and stellar nucleosynthesis. I will point out their successes, their riddles and possible avenues by which these riddles could be solved. I plan first to review the observations.

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Magocsi, Paul Robert. "Concluding observations on the symposium". Nationalities Papers 39, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2011): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2010.532777.

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Generosity is the thought that comes to mind after hearing and later reading the five studies first presented at a symposium in Toronto (2 October 2008) and published here in this issue ofNationalities Papers.My colleagues, who span the disciplines of history, literary criticism, and political science, have been generous with the time they spent in composing their essays and then traveling to Toronto to deliver them in person, and they have been particularly generous in conveying a spirit of constructive criticism and self-reflection that represent the best aspects of our common intellectual enterprise. To each of you – George G. Grabowicz, Taras Kuzio (who initiated this symposium), Serhii Plokhy, Alexender J. Motyl, and Dominique Arel – I express my deep appreciation for your generosity of mind and spirit.

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Spangler, Mary S. "Concluding observations on successful partnerships". New Directions for Community Colleges 2002, n.º 119 (2002): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cc.80.

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Hayes, Christine. "What is (the) Mishnah? Concluding Observations". AJS Review 32, n.º 2 (novembro de 2008): 291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0364009408000135.

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If the scholarly works discussed here are any indication, as I believe they are, the study of the Mishnah is alive and well. Yet a question immediately suggests itself: Do the works under consideration here together constitute a new approach to the Mishnah and thus inaugurate a new era in mishnaic studies?

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Corn, Gary P., e Robert Taylor. "Concluding Observations on Sovereignty in Cyberspace". AJIL Unbound 111 (2017): 282–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aju.2017.77.

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In Sovereignty in Cyberspace: Lex Lata Vel Non?, Michael Schmitt and Liis Vihul argue that territorial sovereignty is a primary rule of international law that limits cyber activities. They recognize, however, that not all cyber effects constitute violations of territorial sovereignty, and like Rule 4 in the Tallinn Manual 2.0 and its commentary, they acknowledge a distinct lack of consensus among the Tallinn participants on the critical question of applicable thresholds. Problematically, they do not identify the necessary state practice and opinio juris that would be required to establish either the primary rule that they proffer or the existence and contours of the exception they would recognize.

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Baldwin, Nicholas D. J. "Concluding observations: legislative weakness, scrutinising strength?" Journal of Legislative Studies 10, n.º 2-3 (21 de junho de 2004): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1357233042000322373.

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Barr, Michael S. "Concluding Observations on Community Reinvestment Act Reform". Housing Policy Debate 30, n.º 1 (15 de novembro de 2019): 116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2019.1665835.

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Zahn, Jean-Paul. "Concluding remarks". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2, S239 (agosto de 2006): 517–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921307001056.

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Thermal convection occurs in most objects that populate our Universe, whenever radiation is insufficient to transport the heat because the medium is too opaque. In astrophysical objects convection involves a wide range of spatial and temporal scales - experts call this turbulence - which makes it rather difficult to model. For this reason convection remains one of the major uncertainties when modeling stars and planets, and this is partly true also for accretion disks. However, substantial progress has been achieved during the past years, both in the numerical simulation of convective regions and in the observation of convective flows by various new techniques.

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Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jørgen, e Steven D. Kawaler. "Concluding remarks". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 9, S301 (agosto de 2013): 359–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921313014592.

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AbstractWe cannot presume to summarize all of the science we've discussed in the talks, posters, and informal discussions. Here, we discuss a few of the themes that emerged, concentrating on the theoretical basis that Wojtek Dziembowiski and his colleagues have developed and explored over the past 40+ years. We connect those with observational results – especially those from recent ground-based surveys and space-based missions that have revolutionized the study of stellar variability.

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MUTA, Kazue. "Against Sexual Violence: From Concluding Observations of CEDAW". TRENDS IN THE SCIENCES 15, n.º 9 (2010): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5363/tits.15.9_36.

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Crowson, Robert. "The Home Schooling Movement: A Few Concluding Observations". Peabody Journal of Education 75, n.º 1 (1 de abril de 2000): 294–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327930pje751&2_16.

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Stuurman, Siep. "Concluding observations: citizenship in cities, states and empires". Citizenship Studies 23, n.º 3 (3 de abril de 2019): 277–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13621025.2019.1603273.

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Crowson, Robert L. "The Home Schooling Movement: A Few Concluding Observations". Peabody Journal of Education 75, n.º 1-2 (abril de 2000): 294–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0161956x.2000.9681946.

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Pachelski, Wojciech, e Paweł Postek. "Optimization of observation plan based on the stochastic characteristics of the geodetic network". Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics 101, n.º 1 (1 de junho de 2016): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rgg-2016-0018.

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Abstract Optimal design of geodetic network is a basic subject of many engineering projects. An observation plan is a concluding part of the process. Any particular observation within the network has through adjustment a different contribution and impact on values and accuracy characteristics of unknowns. The problem of optimal design can be solved by means of computer simulation. This paper presents a new method of simulation based on sequential estimation of individual observations in a step-by-step manner, by means of the so-called filtering equations. The algorithm aims at satisfying different criteria of accuracy according to various interpretations of the covariance matrix. Apart of them, the optimization criterion is also amount of effort, defined as the minimum number of observations required. A numerical example of a 2-D network is illustrated to view the effectiveness of presented method. The results show decrease of the number of observations by 66% with respect to the not optimized observation plan, which still satisfy the assumed accuracy.

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Katz, Uli. "Concluding remarks – A personal view –". EPJ Web of Conferences 207 (2019): 10001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201920710001.

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The eighth edition of the VLVnT conference series has been organised in October 2018 in Dubna, Russia. We witnessed a very well organised workshop, with a multitude of presentations, sparkling with new results and ideas. This short document is meant to summarise a few observations and considerations relating to neutrino telescopes, rather than to highlight individual results or presentations.

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Bennett, Colin J., Charles D. Raab e Wim B. H. J. van de Donk. "The politics and policy of data protection: concluding observations". International Review of Administrative Sciences 62, n.º 4 (dezembro de 1996): 569–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002085239606200408.

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Norcross, John C., Brad A. Alford e Jacqueline T. DeMichele. "The future of psychotherapy: Delphi data and concluding observations." Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training 29, n.º 1 (1992): 150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-3204.29.1.150.

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Adams, Richard N. "Concluding Observations: the Evolution of Evolutionary Theory and Mechanisms". Cultural Dynamics 4, n.º 2 (julho de 1991): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/092137409100400209.

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Eisenstadt, S. N. "Utopias and Dynamics of Civilizations: Some concluding Comparative Observations". International Journal of Comparative Sociology 29, n.º 1-2 (1 de março de 1988): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002071528802900110.

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Appenzeller, Immo. "Summary and concluding remarks". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 3, S243 (maio de 2007): 365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921307009726.

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AbstractThis symposium was characterized by an intense exchange of new information and by lively discussions on many aspects of the formation and early evolution of low-mass stars. The observational data presented at this meeting, obtained in spectral regions ranging from X-rays to submm waves, were found to be remarkably consistent with the current magnetospheric disc-accretion paradigm for young stellar objects. But there remain open questions, and a full understanding of the star-formation process will require much additional work.

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O'Flaherty, M. "The Concluding Observations of United Nations Human Rights Treaty Bodies". Human Rights Law Review 6, n.º 1 (16 de fevereiro de 2006): 27–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngi037.

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Dresler, Carolyn, Kirsten Henry, John Loftus e Harry Lando. "Assessment of short reports using a human rights-based approach to tobacco control to the Commitee on Economics, Cultural and Social Rights". Tobacco Control 27, n.º 4 (28 de julho de 2017): 385–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053517.

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BackgroundThe health impact of tobacco use remains a major global public health concern and a human rights issue. The Human Rights and Tobacco Control Network (HRTCN) was established to increase the visibility of tobacco as a human rights issue. HRTCN submitted short reports to the UN Committee on Economic Social and Cultural Rights evaluating individual nations' tobacco control policies and offering recommendations.MethodsHRTCN reviewed Concluding Observations documents for nations for which the HRTCN submitted reports. If tobacco was mentioned in the Concluding Observations through acknowledging the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control ratification, policy changes or discussing tobacco in the recommendations, this was scored as a positive finding. HRTCN also reviewed Concluding Observations for nations for which HRTCN did not submit reports as a comparison.ResultsThirty-eight HRTCN reports were submitted and tobacco was mentioned in Concluding Observations for 11 nations for a rate of 28.9%. In a comparison set of Concluding Observations (n=59), 7% had comments or recommendations relative to tobacco.ConclusionsThis was not a controlled study and the 28.9% ’success rate' for impacting the Concluding Observations, although encouraging, is less than optimal—and leaves room for improvement. The higher rate of tobacco mentions for the cases where the HRTCN short reports were submitted provides preliminary indications that the short reports may have potential to increase the state focus on tobacco control. Future work will seek to improve the design and scope of the reports, and the specificity of the background information and recommendations offered.

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Ilić, Vladimir. "Planning implementation of method of observation in social sciences". Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology 10, n.º 2 (28 de fevereiro de 2016): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.21301/eap.v10i2.1.

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The paper deals with the problems while planning the application of method of observation as the primary method for data collection. These include determining the objectives, theoretical and operational elaboration of the research plan and collection of initial evidence from other sources of data that can be used to successfully plan research mainly based on observation. In the first section of the paper it is pointed to the unjustified overemphasis of differences between participatory and non-participatory forms of observation in its planning. The second section shows the possibility of its application to other sources and methods of data collection when planning observations. Special attention is paid to the role of interview and sequential analysis. In the third section, the issues of preparing data analysis in the planning of observation are specifically discussed. The fourth section shows the specificity of the planning of observation, depending on the nature of the data. We also considered the concretization of the plan of observation, including the selection of size, location and time for performing monitoring and positioning one or more observers. The fifth section briefly points to some suggestions about training observers. The concluding section of the paper deals with planning during the observations, with emphasis on grounded theory.

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van Boven, Theo. "The Right to Compensation and Related Remedies for Racial Discrimination Concluding observations". Human Rights in Development Online 7, n.º 1 (2001): 425–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221160801x00180.

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Sychenko, Elena. "The review of Concluding observations of HRC and CESCR adopted in 2022". Revue de droit comparé du travail et de la sécurité sociale, n.º 4 (31 de dezembro de 2023): 284–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/rdctss.6982.

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Lebed, Anna V., Anna A. Guseva, Alexander A. Karabutov, Marina V. Markhgeym e Ivan A. Rusin. "Implementation of Inclusive Education Under the Convention on the Rights of Disabled People: A Comparative Legal Aspect". Cuestiones Políticas 37, n.º 65 (6 de agosto de 2020): 198–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.3865.15.

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The article presents a comparative analysis of inclusive education training in the Russian Federation, Germany and Italy based on the analysis of the provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, also related to the development of inclusive education in member countries. At a methodological level, the study was built on the basis of a dialectical approach to the study of legal phenomena and processes, using a general intellectual process for the processing of sources of type: (systemic, logical, analysis and synthesis), all within the framework of documentary observation close to legal hermeneutics. The study of the concluding observations on the initial report of the states participating in the Convention mentioned above allows concluding that the approaches to inclusion are heterogeneous in different countries of Western Europe before signing and ratifying the United Nations Convention on the rights of People with disabilities. Furthermore, the document sought to determine the level of development of inclusive education, its problems and prospects in Russia compared to the states of Western Europe.

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Dalton, Jon C. "Concluding observations and implications of e-portfolios for student affairs leadership and programming". New Directions for Student Services 2007, n.º 119 (2007): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ss.252.

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Peirson, Abel L., Michela Negro, Ioannis Liodakis, Riccardo Middei, Dawoon E. Kim, Alan P. Marscher, Herman L. Marshall et al. "X-Ray Polarization of BL Lacertae in Outburst". Astrophysical Journal Letters 948, n.º 2 (1 de maio de 2023): L25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acd242.

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Abstract We report the first >99% confidence detection of X-ray polarization in BL Lacertae. During a recent X-ray/γ-ray outburst, a 287 ks observation (2022 November 27–30) was taken using the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE), together with contemporaneous multiwavelength observations from the Neil Gehrels Swift observatory and XMM-Newton in soft X-rays (0.3–10 keV), NuSTAR in hard X-rays (3–70 keV), and optical polarization from the Calar Alto and Perkins Telescope observatories. Our contemporaneous X-ray data suggest that the IXPE energy band is at the crossover between the low- and high-frequency blazar emission humps. The source displays significant variability during the observation, and we measure polarization in three separate time bins. Contemporaneous X-ray spectra allow us to determine the relative contribution from each emission hump. We find >99% confidence X-ray polarization Π 2 – 4 keV = 21.7 − 7.9 + 5.6 % and electric vector polarization angle ψ 2–4keV = −28.°7 ± 8.°7 in the time bin with highest estimated synchrotron flux contribution. We discuss possible implications of our observations, including previous IXPE BL Lacertae pointings, tentatively concluding that synchrotron self-Compton emission dominates over hadronic emission processes during the observed epochs.

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Wiese-Bjornstal, Diane M., Ayanna N. Franklin, Tara N. Dooley, Monique A. Foster e James B. Winges. "Observations About Sports Injury Surveillance and Sports Medicine Psychology among Female Athletes". Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 23, n.º 2 (outubro de 2015): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.2014-0042.

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Injuries contrast with the overwhelmingly positive benefits of sports participation for female athletes, with estimates of a third or more of all female athletes sustaining injury in any given season. Media headlines convey the impression that female athletes are more vulnerable to sports injuries than male athletes are. This observation led to our first purpose, which was to use evidence from the sports injury surveillance literature to examine the facts about female athlete risks of injury and compare these risks to those of male athletes. In light of Gill and Kamphoff’s (2010) observation that we largely ignore or underrepresent female experiences in the sport and exercise psychology literature, our second purpose was to highlight examples of the psychological, behavioral, and social aspects of female athletes’ injury experiences, and provide comparisons to male experiences within this realm of sports medicine psychology. These evidence-based observations guide our concluding recommendations for injury reporting, prevention, and rehabilitation roles of those in the media and sports professions.

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Zelayandia-Gonzalez, Ernesto. "The Growing Visibility of Intersex Demands at the United Nations: A Review of the Treaty Bodies’ Concluding Observations". Social Sciences 12, n.º 2 (30 de janeiro de 2023): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci12020073.

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In recent years, there has been an increasing visibility of intersex people’s issues and experiences of human rights violations amongst international human rights institutions and monitoring bodies. At the United Nations, to date, there are more than 500 treaty bodies’ concluding observations taking notice of human rights abuses against intersex persons and calling member states to fulfil their human rights obligations. This paper follows the inclusion and visibility of intersex issues in the text of the United Nations treaty bodies’ concluding observations. I looked for explicit mentions of the word “intersex” in treaty bodies’ report documents and reviewed how the concluding observations and recommendations of these bodies resonate with demands coming from intersex activist groups. I found that the main issues included in the treaty bodies’ reports concern intersex genital surgeries (IGS), autonomy claims, and demands for redress and support mechanisms, and while these issues have gained visibility, there are also a number of demands by intersex activists that remain less visible, if not invisible altogether. This paper aims at providing evidence of the increasing visibility and awareness of human rights monitoring bodies have over intersex people’s rights.

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Uspayanti, Rezky, Wahyuniar e Ray Suryadi. "The Implementation of Telling a Story and Storytelling Video on Students’ Motivation in Learning English". JADEs Journal of Academia in English Education 3, n.º 1 (30 de junho de 2022): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32505/jades.v3i1.4303.

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This research aimed to find out the students’ motivation in learning English with the use of storytelling. The research was categorized as descriptive qualitative research. The research was done in Junior High School YAPIS Merauke which focused on eighth grade in 2021. The sample was chosen by using cluster random sampling. The sample focused on VIII. A which consisted of 21 students. The data was taken through observation using an observation checklist and interview. The observation checklist included 20 statements and the interview included 8 questions related to motivation and storytelling. The result of observations and interviews showed that the students' motivation increased in learning English. For treatment step, students were motivated to ask and respond to the questions given. Thus, most students enjoy learning English through videos, students are interested in the teaching materials provided, and some students understand the material better by presenting using videos, concluding the material, and understanding by presenting the material through the zoom application. In addition, by telling stories, most students are more flexible in retelling the contents of the story and they are also motivated by using such a way.

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Kwasman, Theodore. "'Look it up in…'? Aramaic Lexicography Some General Observations". Aramaic Studies 1, n.º 2 (2003): 191–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/000000003780492629.

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Abstract It is astounding how few dictionaries have been published for Aramaic in the last century. The standard dictionaries such as Payne Smith, Jastrow and Levy are all about a century or more old. This article discusses the current state of Aramaic lexicography against the background of Semitic lexicography in general, and it provides an overview of Aramaic dictionaries for each of the dialects, concluding with a profile for future Aramaic lexicography.

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Retnosari, Ira Eko, Kisyani Kisyani e Bambang Yulianto. "The Violation of Maxims in Indonesian Speech of Mental Retardation Child". IJELTAL (Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics) 5, n.º 1 (30 de novembro de 2020): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.21093/ijeltal.v5i1.627.

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This article aims to describe the violations of the maxims in the Indonesian speech of mentally retarded children. This study used a descriptive qualitative method. The data source of this study is one mild mental retardation child. The data of this research are words, phrases, and sentences that contain violations of the maxims in the principle of cooperation. Data collection techniques in this study were observation, stimulating, recording, and field recording. Data collection procedures in this study include entering the field, making observations, recording speeches, transcribing field records, entering data in tables, validating data that has been collected. In analyzing the data, a pragmatic equivalent analysis method is used. Data analysis procedures in this study are reducing data, presenting data, interpreting data, and concluding. In analyzing the data, a pragmatic equivalent analysis method is used. Data analysis procedures in this study are reducing data, presenting data, interpreting data, and concluding. The results of the data analysis of this study are the maxima violation that most children with mental retardation are the maxim of relations. That is because the research subject often changes the topic of speech. The research subject often changes the topic because he is not interested in talking about topics.

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Crowson, Robert L., e William Lowe Boyd. "14. The politics of education, the new institutionalism, and reinvented schooling: some concluding observations". Journal of Education Policy 10, n.º 5 (setembro de 1995): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0268093950100516.

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Mälksoo, Lauri. "Concluding Observations. Russia and European Human-Rights Law: Margins of the Margin of Appreciation". Review of Central and East European Law 37, n.º 2-3 (2012): 359–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/092598812x13274154886944.

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Walker, Richard. "Peer Observation For Online Distance Learning Tutors: Creating The Conditions For Effective Peer Exchange". European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning 18, n.º 1 (1 de julho de 2015): 34–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eurodl-2015-0003.

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Abstract This article explores how online distance learning tutors working within a higher education context may be supported in their professional development through participation on an institutional peer observation programme. Drawing on the reflections of participants from two cohorts (2011 and 2012) at the University of York, the article reviews the learning outcomes arising from the peer observation process and investigates the necessary conditions for fostering critical reflection on practice between tutors. Feedback from participants highlighted the importance of investing time in relationship-building at the outset of the process - a necessary first step before free-ranging and critical exchanges can flourish between partners. Pairings which invested time at this stage appeared to develop greater levels of trust, enabling them to probe their tutoring practices in a more critical way and explore areas of perceived weakness as well as tackling emergent themes in their dialogue. These observations have informed the development of a guidance framework for peer exchange at the University of York, which is summarised in the concluding part of this paper.

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Aldai, Gontzal, e Søren Wichmann. "Statistical observations on hierarchies of transitivity". Folia Linguistica 52, n.º 2 (25 de outubro de 2018): 249–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/flin-2018-0006.

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Abstract In this paper we first test whether there is statistical support for a transitivity hierarchy viewed as an implicational hierarchy. To that end we construct data-driven transitivity hierarchies of two-place verb meanings based on the Valency Patterns Leipzig (ValPaL) database using Guttman scaling. We look at how well the hierarchies conform to strict scalarity (one-dimensionality) and, through matrix randomization, test whether their strengths are significant. We then go on to construct slightly different hierarchies based on simple counts of instances of two-participant coding frames for a given verb meaning across languages, rather than through the Guttman scaling procedure, which yields less resolution and is not designed for missing data. Finally, we assess whether the members of the hierarchies fall into semantic verb classes. The concluding section summarizes the results.

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