Bibliografias temáticas / Compression of morbidity

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Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Compression of morbidity"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 19 de fevereiro de 2022

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Compression of morbidity"

Seaman, Rosie, Andreas Höhn, Rune Lindahl-Jacobsen, Pekka Martikainen, Alyson van Raalte e Kaare Christensen. "Rethinking morbidity compression". European Journal of Epidemiology 35, n.º 5 (maio de 2020): 381–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10654-020-00642-3.

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FRIES, JAMES F. "The Compression of Morbidity". Milbank Quarterly 83, n.º 4 (9 de novembro de 2005): 801–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0009.2005.00401.x.

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Crimmins, E. M., e H. Beltran-Sanchez. "Mortality and Morbidity Trends: Is There Compression of Morbidity?" Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 66B, n.º 1 (6 de dezembro de 2010): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbq088.

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Fries, James F. "Compression of morbidity in the elderly". Vaccine 18, n.º 16 (fevereiro de 2000): 1584–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0264-410x(99)00490-9.

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Nusselder, W. J. "Smoking and the compression of morbidity". Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 54, n.º 8 (1 de agosto de 2000): 566–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.54.8.566.

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Guralnik, Jack M. "Prospects for the Compression of Morbidity". Journal of Aging and Health 3, n.º 2 (maio de 1991): 138–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089826439100300202.

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Hubert, H. B., D. A. Bloch, J. W. Oehlert e J. F. Fries. "Lifestyle Habits and Compression of Morbidity". Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 57, n.º 6 (1 de junho de 2002): M347—M351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/57.6.m347.

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Cheng, Sheung-Tak. "Double Compression: A Vision for Compressing Morbidity and Caregiving in Dementia". Gerontologist 54, n.º 6 (11 de março de 2014): 901–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnu015.

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Leigh, J. Paul, e James F. Fries. "Education, Gender, and the Compression of Morbidity". International Journal of Aging and Human Development 39, n.º 3 (outubro de 1994): 233–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/xqxr-utgp-wa8x-9fqj.

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According to the Compression of Morbidity (CM) hypothesis, people who exercise, eat nutritiously, do not smoke, and maintain good weight, i.e., people who practice healthy habits, will be more likely to live free of disabling diseases and injuries up until the last few months or years of life. The Increasing Misery (IM) hypothesis, on the other hand, holds that preventive health measures will extend life expectancy but will also increase the number of infirm years. The CM theory implies that curves of morbidity or disability with age should become increasingly “rectangular” for groups who practice healthy habits in the broadest sense. The IM theory does not. This Rectangularization hypothesis is examined with cross-sectional data measuring disability from the Epidemiological Follow-up to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, I (NHEFS), using years of schooling as the independent variable proxy representing favored health status, and examining interactions with age. A modified version of the Disability Index (DI) from the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) is used to measure disability. In some analyses, deceased subjects were assigned the worst disability score. Four subsamples of women and men, fifty years old and over, alive and deceased in 1982–84, were analyzed. Female, and especially male, subsamples which included the deceased provided evidence for the CM hypothesis. Results for the subsamples of those remaining alive in 1982–84 were ambiguous. However, lifetime (over age 50) cumulative disability was 21 to 60 percent less for the more educated than the less educated, depending upon whether deceased were included or excluded. If higher education level is an appropriate surrogate for the effect of good health practices, then extending such practices will result in less, rather than more, lifetime disability.

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Fries, James F. "The Compression of Morbidity: Near or Far?" Milbank Quarterly 67, n.º 2 (1989): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3350138.

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Mais fontes

Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Compression of morbidity"

Sin, Yuen-kwong, e 冼遠光. "A study of an effective compression of morbidity strategy for Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206986.

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The ageing population has been increasing the healthcare expenditure of Hong Kong and will continue to increase the financial burden. James Fries proposed a phenomenon of compression of morbidity in the early 1980s that the onset of morbidity of elderly can be delayed to a later year and the duration of disability can be compressed. If it works, it could be a solution to ease the burden caused by the ageing population. Scholars around the world have carried out research for the evaluation of the existence of the compression of morbidity and its effects. Inconsistent inter-countries and intra-country results on the effect of compression of morbidity from the studies were reviewed. It was found that compression of morbidity is not necessarily associated with longer life expectancy. Effective policies have to be implemented to work against the causes of morbidity in order to realise the benefits of compression of morbidity. It has to be an integrated policy from healthcare promotion, providing accessible physical exercise facilities, improving air quality through legislation and appropriate public health policy for people of Hong Kong.
published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health

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Coombs, Ngaire Anne. "Health inequalities in New Zealand : an examination of mortality and hospital utilisation trends, with reference to the compression of morbidity hypothesis". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/192871/.

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This thesis examines health inequalities by area-level socioeconomic deprivation, and health in later life in New Zealand. It identifies whether expansion or compression of morbidity is occurring at the end of life. It asks if overall morbidity at a population level is likely to increase or decrease in future as life expectancy increases, and if the same trend is seen for more and less deprived areas. The focus of this research is the identification and dissemination of mortality and morbidity patterns present in two large datasets, using powerful but relatively simple techniques. Large administrative datasets on morbidity and public hospital discharges in New Zealand between 1974 and 2006 are used in the analyses. The thesis consists of three papers. Each paper uses the same datasets, but addresses separate research questions using different methods. The first paper is an exploratory analysis of age-specific and age-standardised mortality and hospital bed day rates, which are used as a proxy for morbidity. The second paper explores lifetime morbidity by using period-prevalence life table functions including Hospital Utilisation Expectancies: a variation of health expectancies. The third paper uses individual record linkage between the mortality and hospital datasets to examine hospital use in the last few months of life. Hospital bed day and mortality rates declined over the time period, and convergence was seen between more and less deprived areas. Individuals at the oldest ages (80 years and over) saw little variation in hospital or mortality rates by area deprivation. Strong evidence for compression of morbidity was observed, particularly at older ages. This was in the absence of evidence for rectangularisation of the survival curve, considered by some to be a prerequisite for compression of morbidity. Rectangularisation of the survival curve would be denoted by life expectancy increases slowing, indicating the nearing of a limit to life expectancy. Instead, compression of morbidity was achieved through a decline in the severity of morbidity in the months prior to death. No evidence of a change in the point at onset of morbidity prior to death was observed. There was however some evidence that the decline in hospital utilisation prior to death (particularly for deaths at older ages) may be partly artefactual. Further research using a different measure of morbidity is required to either support or disprove this theory.

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Annear, M. J. ""They're not including us!" : neighbourhood deprivation and older adults' leisure time physical activity participation". Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/468.

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Population ageing and the tendency for older adults to have poorer health status than younger adults have raised concerns about potential increases in the number of elderly suffering disease and disability. Significantly, many health problems experienced in later life are associated with the onset of a more sedentary lifestyle. Increasing older adults' participation in leisure time physical activity (henceforth LTPA) offers an opportunity to reduce the prevalence of preventable morbidity in later life and offset a potential burden of ageing on the public health sector. As a forerunner to the development of strategies to increase older adults' LTPA participation, researchers have investigated the intrapersonal, interpersonal and, to a lesser extent, environmental influences on this health behaviour. Recent findings from studies of the adult population have suggested that neighbourhood deprivation, a measure of the socioeconomic conditions of small areas, may significantly influence LTPA participation. Extending previous findings, this research investigated how neighbourhood deprivation influenced older adults' LTPA participation. A total of 63 older adults were recruited from high- and low-deprivation neighbourhoods in Christchurch, New Zealand. Neighbourhoods were selected because of their relative positions on the New Zealand Deprivation Index and were characterised by the researcher as "East-town", a neighbourhood of high deprivation, and "West-town", a neighbourhood of low deprivation. The research incorporated a cross-sectional, comparative and mixed-methods approach. The methods of enquiry employed in this research included a recall survey, Q method, and semi-structured interviewing. Each method addressed a different aspect of the primary research question and provided data that was used in the creation of an integrated model depicting the influence of neighbourhood deprivation on older adults' LTPA participation. The results derived from the three research methods showed that older adults from the low-deprivation neighbourhood of West-town participated in LTPA more frequently than older adults from the high-deprivation neighbourhood of East-town. East-town was identified as having many physical and social environmental constraints to LTPA and comparatively few facilitators. Alternatively, West-town was found to have many physical and social environmental facilitators to LTPA and relatively few constraints. Neighbourhood attributes which appeared to influence older adults' LTPA participation included appropriateness of leisure provision, neighbourhood attractiveness, walkability, traffic, and perceptions of crime and antisocial behaviour. One implication of this research is that environmental interventions should be considered in attempts to engage older adults in LTPA for health purposes, particularly in high-deprivation neighbourhoods.

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Campolina, Alessandro Gonçalves. "O efeito da eliminação de doenças crônicas na população idosa: a compressão e a expansão da morbidade". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6132/tde-18042012-084358/.

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Introdução: No contexto do envelhecimento populacional, uma questão fundamental é avaliar se as estratégias de prevenção de doenças crônicas poderiam contribuir para o aumento dos anos vividos em boas condições de saúde, pela população idosa. Objetivo: Avaliar se a eliminação de determinadas doenças crônicas é capaz de levar à compressão da morbidade em indivíduos idosos. Métodos: Estudo transversal analítico, de base populacional, utilizando dados oficiais secundários para o Município de São Paulo, em 2000, e dados obtidos a partir do estudo SABE. O método de Sullivan foi utilizado para o cálculo de expectativas de vida livre de incapacidade (E.V.L.I.). O impacto da eliminação de uma doença na prevalência de incapacidade foi estimado com um modelo de regressão logística múltipla. Tábuas de vida de eliminação de causas foram utilizadas para calcular as probabilidades de morte com a eliminação de doenças. O efeito da eliminação das doenças crônicas foi avaliado, considerando a teoria de riscos competitivos e a abordagem proposta por Nusselder e colaboradores. Resultados: Os maiores ganhos em E.V.L.I., com a eliminação de doenças crônicas, ocorreram no sexo feminino, levando a um processo de compressão absoluta da morbidade. Nos indivíduos de idade mais avançada, os ganhos em E.V.L.I., ocorreram em função de um processo de compressão relativa da morbidade. Nos homens com idade de 75 anos, todas as doenças estudadas, com exceção da doença cardíaca e da hipertensão arterial sistêmica, levaram a um processo de expansão absoluta da morbidade, mas simultaneamente a um processo de compressão relativa da morbidade, ao serem eliminadas. A doença cardíaca apresentou-se como aquela que mais promoveria a compressão da morbidade, caso fosse eliminada, em ambos os sexos. Conclusão: A eliminação de doenças crônicas na população idosa poderia levar a uma compressão da morbidade em homens e mulheres, tanto na idade de 60 anos, quanto na de 75 anos
Introduction: In the context of the aging process, a key issue is to assess whether strategies to prevent chronic diseases may contribute to the increase in years lived in good health among elderly individuals. Objective: To evaluate whether elimination of certain chronic diseases can lead to the compression of morbidity, in the elderly. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional survey, based on official data for the city of São Paulo, in 2000, and data obtained from the SABE study. Sullivans method was used for the calculation of disability-free life expectancy (DFLE). Cause-deleted disability prevalence was estimated using multiple logistic regression model. Cause-deleted probabilities of dying were derived with the cause-elimination life-table technique, considering the independence of the causes of based on the approach proposed by Nusselder and co-workers. Results: The greatest gains in DFLE, with the elimination of chronic diseases, occurred in women, leading to a process of absolute compression of morbidity. Among individuals of a more advanced age, gains in DFLE occurred due to a relative compression of morbidity process. Among men aged 75 years, all diseases eliminated, except heart disease and hypertension, led to a process of absolute expansion of morbidity, but simultaneously, to a relative compression of morbidity. If eliminated, heart disease was the condition that would most lead to the compression of morbidity in both genders. Conclusion: The elimination of chronic diseases in the elderly population could lead to the compression of morbidity in men and women at both 60 years of age and in 75 years of age or older

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Sun, Pei-Chen, e 孫珮禎. "Compression of morbidity in the elderly Taiwanese population". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/vx45j5.

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碩士
長榮大學
醫務管理學系碩士班
97
Background: Life expectancy in Taiwan has increased significantly indicating that people can live longer and older. Nevertheless, during the aging process, people may become feebler and more pathological. Consequently, chronic diseases have gradually become the major cause of illness among Taiwanese. To deal with the long-duration or even life-long diseases, people need to put forth a higher level of demand for health care services and thus incur a larger amount of health expenditures. If the occurrence of chronic diseases could be postponed and the period of life duration suffering from chronic diseases shortened, people may have a more "optimistic" attitude toward the inevitable aging stage. Objective: The onset of chronic infirmity and the period from the onset of chronic infirmity until death, morbid period, are the major two indicators. To examine whether are the onset of chronic infirmity can be postponed and the morbid period can be compressed. It follows that we had a discussion about whether is compression of morbidity exist. Designs: Longitudinal study. We counted the personal onset of chronic infirmity and the annual average onset of chronic infirmity. The life expectancy is the end of chronic infirmity that we counted the personal morbid period and the annual average morbid period. We also used the Independent-Sample t test to analyze the annual average onset of chronic infirmity and annual average morbid period in 2000 and 2006. Subjects: The new cases of diabetes, cirrhosis, stroke and hypertensive disease from 2000 to 2006 in Taiwan. Data: This is a secondary data analysis. The data derived from National Health Insurance Research Database. The basic background of patient was from the ambulatory care expenditures by visits. The life expectancy of life table was counted from the department of statistics of the Ministry of the Interior. Main outcome measures: The annual average onset of chronic infirmity and the annual average morbid period of diabetes, cirrhosis, stroke and hypertensive disease. Results: 1.The annual average onset of chronic infirmity: The diabetes and cirrhosis annual average onset of chronic infirmity were postponed. From2001 to 2006, the diabetes annual average onset of chronic infirmity was increased from 52.57 to 54.11; and the cirrhosis annual average onset of chronic infirmity was increased from 44.48 to 47.51.The stroke and hypertensive disease annual average onset of chronic infirmity were advanced. From2001 to 2006, the stroke annual average onset of chronic infirmity was from 65.08 to 62.45; and the hypertensive disease annual average onset of chronic infirmity was increased from 55.74 to 53.17. To 2001 and 2006, there was no significant between the diabetes and stoke annual average onset of chronic infirmity. Besides, the cirrhosis and hypertensive disease annual average onset of chronic infirmity in 2001 and 2006 was significantly. 2.The annual average morbid period: There was compressed into diabetes and cirrhosis annual average morbid period. From2001 to 2006, there was compressed into the diabetes annual average morbid period from 28.71 to 28.47; there was also compressed into the cirrhosis annual average onset of chronic infirmity from 35.59 to 33.86. The stroke and hypertensive disease annual average morbid period were expanded. From2001 to 2006, the stroke annual average morbid period was expanded from 20.57 to 21.29; hypertensive disease annual average morbid period expanded from 26.25 to 28.81. There was no significant between the diabetes and stoke annual average morbid period in 2001 and 2006. Besides, the cirrhosis and hypertensive disease annual average morbid period in 2001 and 2006 was significantly. Conclusion: The diabetes and cirrhosis annual average onset of chronic infirmity can be postponed; on the contrary, the stroke and hypertensive disease onset of chronic infirmity can be advanced. The diabetes and cirrhosis annual average morbid period can be compressed, yet the cirrhosis and hypertensive disease annual average morbid period were expanded.

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Deng, Bo-Wen, e 鄧柏文. "A Study about Compression or Expansion of Morbidity of Primary Female Breast Cancer". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18086524418704623220.

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碩士
逢甲大學
統計學系統計與精算碩士班
101
Although James Fries propose the theory of compression of morbidity, this theory has not yet been confirmed. He do not know which diseases will be the main factor on his theory for the research. However, there are some data shows the compression morbidity does exist. For the common instance of heart disease in the U.S., the population aged forty was oriented to be compared within a period of twenty years. Accordingly, the life expectancy is expanded two years, and the initial incidence of heart disease delays four years. The period from incidence to death is contracted, which means compression of morbidity does appear. This study was then conducted in female breast cancer in order to confirm the presence of the compression or expansion of morbidity. Registry for catastrophic illness patients (HV) in the National Health Insurance Research Database from year 1996 to 2002 is adopted, and then the study further observes the eight - year period after the initial incidence of primary female breast cancer annually. Adopted Fries (2003) proposed the calculation methods to determine whether there is compression of morbidity in disease duration between the time of disease and the time of death as the basis, found in the 1996-2002 expansion of morbidity. Incident and prevalence trends for primary female breast cancer will be discussed, found in the 1996 to 2002 has progressively rising trend. The life expectancy is computed by Kaplan-Meier method, which is able to estimate the survival function of annually initial incidence within eight years, thus the compression or expansion of morbidity can be discussed on primary female breast cancer.

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Livros sobre o assunto "Compression of morbidity"

Schiff, David, Jonathan Sherman e Paul D. Brown. Metastatic tumours: spinal cord, plexus, and peripheral nerve. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199651870.003.0020.

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Systemic cancers produce substantial neurological morbidity when they spread to the spinal epidural space, producing epidural spinal cord compression—a neurological emergency. Less often, metastases spread directly to spinal cord parenchyma to manifest as intramedullary spinal cord metastasis or result in peripheral nerve dysfunction via compression of the brachial, lumbosacral, or, rarely, the cervical plexus. This chapter reviews the clinical manifestations and risk factors for development of these entities, the diagnostic approach, management options including the role of surgery, radiation (including stereotactic body radiation therapy), and chemotherapy, as well as the neurological prognosis.

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Rafkin, Harry S. Oncologic Emergencies (DRAFT). Editado por Raghavan Murugan e Joseph M. Darby. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190612474.003.0017.

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Oncologic emergencies are potentially life-threatening syndromes that occur in patients with cancer, and are either directly or indirectly related to the patient’s tumor. The clinical progression of these syndromes is rapid and the initial assessment of the patient must be done quickly, as without immediate therapy, high morbidity and mortality results. The oncologic emergency may be due to the tumor, the treatment given to control the tumor, or it may be due to a previously existing condition. This chapter reviews the clinical presentation, treatment, and management of tumor lysis syndrome, hypercalcemia, hyponatremia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, hyperviscosity syndrome, spinal cord compression, and superior vena cava syndrome.

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West, Tyler R., e Kelly J. Baldwin. Spinal and Intracranial Epidural Abscess, and Subdural Empyema. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0151.

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A spinal epidural abscess is an infection that resides in the epidural space of the spinal canal, and most commonly occurs from hematogenous seeding or direct extension from adjacent structures. Normal skin flora such as Staphylococcus and Streptococcus spp are the most common organisms to cause an epidural abscess, typically when host immunity is compromised or due to barrier disruption. The clinical presentation is heterogeneous, but often will progress over time to spinal cord compression. Intracranial epidural abscess and subdural empyema occur within the skull and are frequently spread via direct extension of infections from contiguous structures or as complications from neurosurgical procedures. Prompt diagnosis and treatment is essential for improving morbidity and mortality.

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van Aerts, René M. M., Tom J. G. Gevers e Joost P. H. Drenth. Management of cystic liver disease. Editado por Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0311_update_001.

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In a subset of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease patients, hepatic cysts dominate the clinical picture. These patients may develop polycystic liver disease, and enlargement of the liver leads to compression of adjacent abdominal and thoracic organs. The main risk factors for growth of liver cysts are female sex, exogenous oestrogen use, multiple pregnancies, and severity of renal disease. Treatment is only indicated in those with symptoms, and choice of treatment depends on total liver volume, size, and location of the liver cysts. Current radiological and surgical therapies include aspiration-sclerotherapy, fenestration, segmental hepatic resection, and liver transplantation. They all are palliative in nature and are partially effective and have non-negligible morbidity and mortality. Somatostatin analogues are still in development for polycystic liver disease.

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Marvasti, Farshad Fani. The Role of Family and Community in Integrative Preventive Medicine. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190241254.003.0006.

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The role of family and community in integrative preventive medicine (IPM) is to leverage primary care as the chief means for disseminating and implementing a new integrative model of prevention. Thus IPM provides a shift from acute to chronic disease treatment and prevention with the goal of morbidity compression to extend the period of disease-free high-quality life. This shift results in a new focus for family and community medicine. Integrative preventive medicine realigns primary care with primary prevention, from reactive “sick” acute care to proactive preventive “health” care. It recreates “routine” physical exams as opportunities for primary prevention and patient health education. It empowers physicians to go beyond simply screening for secondary prevention and waiting for a disease to be diagnosed in favor of proactively engaging patients with an evidence-based lifestyle regimen to prevent the onset of disease and maintain optimal health for as long as possible.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Compression of morbidity"

McCallum, J., e C. Mathers. "Compression of Morbidity". In International Encyclopedia of Public Health, 134–41. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-803678-5.00088-6.

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McCallum, J., e C. Mathers. "Compression of Morbidity". In International Encyclopedia of Public Health, 823–32. Elsevier, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012373960-5.00573-6.

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Geyer, Siegfried. "Compression of Morbidity". In International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 463–68. Elsevier, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-097086-8.14057-7.

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Fries, J. F. "Compression of Morbidity". In International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 2449–53. Elsevier, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-08-043076-7/03923-1.

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Fries, James F. "On the Compression of Morbidity". In Handbook of the Biology of Aging, 507–24. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-411596-5.00019-8.

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Crimmins, Eileen M., Yuan S. Zhang, Jung Ki Kim e Morgan E. Levine. "Trends in morbidity, healthy life expectancy, and the compression of morbidity". In Handbook of the Biology of Aging, 405–14. Elsevier, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-815962-0.00019-6.

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Fries, J. F., L. W. Green e S. Levine. "Health promotion and the compression of morbidity 308". In Psychosocial Processes and Health, 308–15. Cambridge University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511759048.023.

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Crimmins, Eileen M., e Morgan E. Levine. "Current Status of Research on Trends in Morbidity, Healthy Life Expectancy, and the Compression of Morbidity". In Handbook of the Biology of Aging, 495–505. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-411596-5.00018-6.

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"Compression of morbidity and the labour supply of older people". In The Applied Economics of Labour, 123–34. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315872377-12.

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Greer, Ian A. "Thrombosis and embolism in pregnancy". In Oxford Textbook of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, editado por Sabaratnam Arulkumaran, William Ledger, Lynette Denny e Stergios Doumouchtsis, 206–12. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198766360.003.0016.

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Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity. Prophylaxis and management of VTE in pregnancy can impact mortality and morbidity. The overall reported incidence of gestational VTE ranges from 0.5 to 2.2 per 1000 maternities with a relative 5–10-fold increase in risk during pregnancy, increasing to a daily risk of 15–35-fold in the puerperium, compared with non-pregnant women of similar age. Risk factors inform the use of thromboprophylaxis usually with low-molecular-weight heparin, which has a better safety profile than unfractionated heparin. VTE can occur at any time in pregnancy, but over 50% of events occur prior to 20 weeks’ gestation. As clinical diagnosis is unreliable, objective assessment is required when there is clinical suspicion of an event. Less than 10% of clinically suspected cases of VTE are confirmed on objective testing. Compression duplex ultrasonography is the first-line investigation for suspected gestational deep venous thrombosis and thoracic imaging with ventilation–perfusion scanning is required for suspected pulmonary embolism. Low-molecular-weight heparin is usually the first choice treatment for gestational VTE based on safety and efficacy.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Compression of morbidity"

Etheridge, Brandon S., David P. Beason, Robert R. Lopez, Jorge E. Alonso e Alan W. Eberhardt. "The Influence of Bone Mineral Density on Pelvic Fracture Load and Compression in Lateral Impact". In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-55596.

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Pelvic injuries due to lateral motor vehicle crashes continue to be a source of morbidity and mortality for accident victims as well as a serious problem for trauma surgeons and automotive safety engineers. In the present study, we sought to further explore the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) measurements in the hip and pelvic fracture load and compression. We conducted experimental side impacts on intact lower torsos of female cadavers, building upon our previous work conducted on isolated bone-ligament structures. Significant linear relationships between pelvic fracture load/compression and total hip BMD emerged as further evidence that total hip bone mineral density may be a useful predictor of pelvic fracture risk. The presence of soft tissues increased resulting pelvic fracture loads as compared to those found in our previous isolated pelvic impacts.

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Kiapour, Ali, Vijay K. Goel, Manoj Krishna, Sarath Koruprolu, Rachit Parikh e Devdatt Mahtre. "A Computational and Experimental Investigation Into Biomechanics of Lumbar Spine Stabilized With a Novel Posterior Dynamic Stabilization System". In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-205814.

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Lumbar spinal stenosis is a progressive degenerative condition due to arthritic facet joints. Arthritic facets become inflamed and often develop osteophytes, leading to nerve compression and persistent severe back pain. When conservative treatment fails to reduce pain, surgical management may be pursued to improve the patient’s quality of life. Spinal decompression and fusion is one of the most common surgical procedures for treatment of spinal stenosis. However, fusion may result in accelerated degeneration of the adjacent motion segments and morbidity [1]. Motion preservation instrumentation is being developed to preserve motion at the involved and adjacent segments, as opposed to fusion procedure [2]. In this study, we used experimental and finite element (FE) techniques to assess and compare the biomechanics of intact spines and spines implanted with a novel posterior dynamic stabilizer device (TrueDyn™, Disc Motion Technologies, Boca Raton, FL). The effects on the adjacent segment, including motion and intra-discal pressure were analyzed.

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Roberts, H. R. "PREVENTION OF DEEP VENOUS THROMBOSIS: CONCLUSIONS OF A CONSENSUS DEVELOPMENT CONFERENCE". In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642966.

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Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) are major health problems that lead to significant morbidity and mortality. In the United States, it is estimated that these two problems result in over 300,000 hospitalizations annually and available data indicate that 50,000 to 100,000 patients per year die of pulmonary embolism.The advent of several diagnostic tests has permitted the identification of groups of patients at high risk for development of deep venous thrombosis and subsequent pulmonary embolism. Identification of these patient groups has led to therapeutic measures designed to prevent both deep venous thrombosis and subsequent embolic episodes. However, the efficacy of these preventive measures have not been widely adopted and reservations have been expressed regarding use of low dose anticoagulant drugs for prevention of DVT and PE, especially in surgical patients. Because of the apparent reluctance to adopt putative preventive measures for DVT and PE, the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute convened a Consensus Development Conference on the issue of prevention in 1986. Experts from North America, Europe, and South Africa presented data, both pro and con, on prevention of DVT and PE, using one or more therapeutic regimens. An impartial Panel was then asked to arrive at a consensus statement on the following questions: 1) the level of risk of DVT and PE in different patient groups; 2) the efficacy and safety of prophylactic measures in these groups; 3) the recommended prophylactic regimens for different patient groups, and 4) remaining questions related to prevention of DVT and PE. Recommendations for prevention were based on the assumption that reduction in DVT would also result in reduction of pulmonary embolism. Furthermore, the consensus was based, at least in part, upon data combined from multiple clinical trials. Thus, combined data on 12,000 individuals in randomized clinical trials indicated that in appropriate patient groups, treated with low dose heparin, there was a 68 percent reduction in DVT, as measured by the 125I-fibrinogen uptake test and venography, and that there was a reduction of 49% in pulmonary embolism and a significant decrease in overall mortality resulting from pulmonary embolism.Prophylactic measures for the following different patient groups were assessed: 1) general surgery; 2) orthopedic surgery; 3) urology; 4) gynecology-obstetrics; 4) neurosurgery and neurology; 5) trauma; and 6) medical conditions.Basically, the following prophylactic regimens were considered: 1) low dose heparin; 2) low dose dihydroergotamine heparin; 3) dextran; 4) low dose warfarin; and 5) external pneumatic compression. In general terms, low dose heparin appears to be one of the more effective prophylactic regimens in certain groups of high risk patients. This regimen is not useful in orthopedic or certain neurosurgical procedures where heparin has been shown to be of little value or hazardous. In these cases, dextran, warfarin, or external pnuematic compression may be more beneficial. In some groups of high risk patients, combination of mechanical measures with anticoagulant agents appear to be of value in prevention of DVT and PE.The recommendations of the Consensus Panel for Prevention of DVT and PE for each patient group will be assessed.

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Adhikari, Udhab, Nava P. Rijal, Devdas Pai, Jagannathan Sankar e Narayan Bhattarai. "Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan-Mg-Based Composite Scaffolds for Bone Repair Applications". In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-53082.

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Bone has a remarkable ability to regenerate and heal itself when damaged. Most minor injuries heal naturally over time, but when the defects are larger, they require a substrate to support the cell growth and guide the repair process. Bone grafting is currently done by using either an autograft, where the substrate is harvested from a suitable donor site within the patient’s body; or an allograft, where the substrate is harvested from a cadaver. However, both techniques have significant drawbacks. In autografting, significant complications tend to arise from donor site morbidity. In allografting, the issues are the risk of disease transmission, and the logistical difficulties in the local or even global matching process for donor tissue. A third approach, employing tissue-engineered scaffold materials, provides superior performance by helping to restore bone tissue functions during regeneration and by subsequent resorption of the graft material as new bone tissue forms. These bioactive scaffolds are porous and made of natural materials that are capable of harboring growth factors, drugs, genes, or stem cells. The objectives of this research are to synthesize biofunctional composite scaffold materials, based on chitosan (CS) and magnesium (Mg), for use in bone regeneration and to measure their physiochemical properties. Scaffolds were fabricated from the aqueous dispersions of starting materials by subsequent freezing and phase separation by the lyophilization process. A CS solution was prepared by dissolving CS in 2 % (v/v) acetic acid solution, whereas carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) was dissolved in deionized water. The concentrations of CS and CMC (in a constant 1:1 weight ratio) ranged between 2% and 5 %. Various dry weight percentages of Mg gluconate (MgG) were added to the scaffolds by dissolving the MgG solution in the CS/CMC. SEM imaging showed the scaffolds to possess uniform porosity with a pore size distribution range of 100–150 μm. Micro CT analysis showed that the pores were distributed throughout the scaffold’s entire volume and they were highly interconnected. Compressive strengths of up to 340 kPa and compressive moduli of up to 5 MPa were obtained for these fabricated scaffolds. When introduced into a cell culture medium, these scaffolds were found to remain intact, retaining their original three-dimensional frameworks and ordered porous structures maintaining sufficient mechanical strength. These observations provide a new effective approach for preparing scaffold materials suitable for bone tissue engineering.

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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Compression of morbidity"

Cutler, David, Kaushik Ghosh e Mary Beth Landrum. Evidence for Significant Compression of Morbidity In the Elderly U.S. Population. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, agosto de 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19268.

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