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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Comparative constitutional justice"
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Martini, Stefan. "Comparative Constitutional Justice". Volume 61 · 2018 61, n.º 1 (20 de junho de 2019): 545–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/gyil.61.1.545.
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Favoreu, Louise. "La justice constitutionnelle en France". Les Cahiers de droit 26, n.º 2 (12 de abril de 2005): 299–337. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/042667ar.
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The 1958 Constitution provided France with a constitutionally based system of justice and although this had been contrary to French traditions — and consequently apprehended at that time — the system has progressively developed and become one of the main elements of the French constitutional regime and at the same time, one of its most dynamic and appreciated components. This article presents the French Constitutional Council: its status, composition and operations. It maps out areas in which this body has had to intervene and, above all, it analyses the jurisprudence of the Council and notes that its most impressive contribution lies in the field of the constitutional review of laws and its main objective, basic personal freedoms. The conclusion of this study is that French constitutional law has undergone radical modifications under this system and that in the future, it has become a fertile ground for comparative studies for the Canadian jurist due to the constitutional review of laws in the name of personal freedoms.
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Abat Ninet, Antoni. "Kelsen versus Schmitt and the Role of the Sub-National Entities and Minorities in the Appointment of Constitutional Judges in Continental Systems". ICL Journal 14, n.º 4 (20 de dezembro de 2020): 523–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/icl-2020-0015.
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Abstract In composed and decentralised states, sub-national entities and (ethnic, linguistic, racial) minorities ought to play a determinant role in the process of appointment of constitutional courts justices to obtain a balanced representation in the guardian of the constitution. The necessary appearance of constitutional justice independence can be at stake without a proportionated participation of minorities and sub-national entities in the court. It is not enough to introduce a symbolic presence. The first section of this essay analyses the transcendence and political-legal significance that the system of appointment of constitutional court judges has and its relation to the separation of powers (horizontal and vertical). The second section is a return to the roots, ie the system of appointment the Austrian Constitution of 1920, even that first constitutional court was created in 1919, and Kelsen’s theory on federalism. The third section carries out an analysis from a comparative constitutional law perspective by using as an analytical basis the reports on the composition of the Constitutional Courts of the European Commission for Democracy through Law. The paper ends with a reflection on Schmitt considerations on the Guardians of Constitutions.
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Bouziane, Aliane. "Cases of Constitutional Deviation and Constitutional Control between the Algerian constitution and comparative constitutional justice". International Review of Law 2019, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2020): 1–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/irl.2019.0055.
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Bondar, Nikolay S. "From the “Living Constitution” to Judicial Constitutionalism: A Comparative Legal Concept of Russia and the USA". Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law 20, n.º 4 (2024): 46. https://doi.org/10.61205/s199132220030646-6.
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Based on the analysis of the p eculiarities of the domestic system of constitutional normative control and the practice of the transformative and evolutionary influence of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation on the Russian Constitution, as well as taking into account the theory and practice of constitutional interpretation that has been substantiated in the United States, the article proposes a comparative concept of the “living constitution”, considered in the aspect of the domestic doctrine of judicial constitutionalism. In accordance with this approach, constitutionalism as a special political and legal regime is actualized and developed through constitutional justice, taking into account the specific historical, socio-cultural conditions of functioning, turns on the basis of the developed legal positions of the Constitutional Court into a “living” (judicial) constitutionalism, taking into account its multilevel systemic characteristics in both doctrinal and normative and law enforcement manifestations, worldview perception. The implementation of the transformative function of constitutional justice is particularly important for Russia due to the increased practical relevance of constitutional reform issues. Doctrinally, many of the relevant problems are relatively new and controversial for Russian constitutional law science, which significantly increases the importance of comparative approaches to their research.
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Lachmayer, Konrad. "Constitutional Reasoning as Legitimacy of Constitutional Comparison". German Law Journal 14, n.º 8 (1 de agosto de 2013): 1463–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200002352.
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For ten years, the legitimacy of constitutional comparison in courts has been intensely debated. The case law of the U.S. Supreme Court led to an intense discussion on constitutional comparison and reached its peak with the Great Debate between Justice Scalia and Justice Breyer. Justice Breyer argued in favor of constitutional comparison while Justice Scalia refused the comparative approach. Justice Scalia stated:[Y]ou are talking about using foreign law to determine the content of American constitutional law—to be sure that we're on the right track, that we have the same moral and legal framework as the rest of the world. But we don't have the same moral and legal framework as the rest of the world, and never have. If you told the framers of the Constitution that we're to be just like Europe, they would have been appalled. If you read the Federalist Papers, they are full of statements that make very clear the framers didn't have a whole lot of respect for many of the rules in European countries. Madison, for example, speaks contemptuously of the countries of continental Europe, “who are afraid to let their people bear arms.’
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Grishnova, Elena Yevgenievna, Tatiana Viktorovn Larina, Andrey A. Soloviev, Yuri Viktorovich Stepanenko e Yuriy Nikolaevich Tuganov. "Constitutional justice in the Russian Federation". LAPLAGE EM REVISTA 7, n.º 1 (4 de janeiro de 2021): 396–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-6220202171750p.396-400.
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The article aims at studying the legal nature and essence of constitutional proceedings with due regard to historical experience and modern legislative approaches to the structure and system of constitutional justice in Russia. The main research method was the deductive method which allowed the authors to study the legal nature of the Constitutional Court and its role in the separation of powers in Russia. The article also used the inductive method, the method of systemic analysis, and comparative-legal and historical methods. To solve the research problem, it is necessary to consider the legal foundations and features of constitutional justice based on the amendments made to the Constitution of the Russian Federation on July 1, 2020. The article proves that the legal nature and the main goal of constitutional control remain unresolved issues. According to the authors, the most important condition for the creation of a strong judicial power is its high independence. Judicial errors can also cause distrust in the judiciary.
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PETRIV, Ivan. "Functioning of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine as Part of Improving the Mechanisms of Public Administration and Sustainable Development of the State". Journal of Business 8, n.º 2 (30 de dezembro de 2019): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31578/.v8i2.165.
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The material of the article reveals the purpose of research in the field of sustainable functioning of the mechanism of state powerthrough the lens of the activity of the body of constitutional justice. Main results of research are the disclosure of the content ofactivities of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine as a necessary condition for ensuring a constitutionally defined system of publicauthorities and improving the mechanisms of public administration. The article describes main functional characteristics of the bodyof constitutional justice in Ukraine and their influence on the sustainability of the work of state bodies in terms of division into branchesof power.The importance of constitutional justice for the construction of a legal and democratic state with authoritative institutionswas highlighted in the process of research, the content of the activity of the body of constitutional justice and feasibility of widespreaduse of possibilities of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine as a state body with special status were revealed.It is proposed to improvethe functions and powers of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine in view of comparative characteristics of the bodies of constitutionaljustice of individual European states. Scientific work substantiates the necessity of reviewing the legislatively defined powers of theConstitutional Court of Ukraine in terms of their extension and adaptation to modern challenges, investigates the significance of thedecisions and conclusions of this body for improving the mechanisms of public administration, determines the role of the Court in thesystem of higher bodies of state power by the status of a state body. Based on the definition of strategic goals set by the Constitutionof Ukraine at the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, directions for improving effectiveness of the application of decisions and conclusionsof the Court and interaction with higher bodies of state power are justified. Besides, directions of improvement of the mechanismsof public administration through the prism of the results of the Court’s activity and those of improvement of the legislation with thepurpose of increasing efficiency of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine in the mechanism of realization of the state power are offered.Keywords: Constitutional Court of Ukraine, constitutional control, constitutional guarantees, constitutional justice mechanisms ofpublic administration, functions of constitutional justice, system of state powerJEL: D73
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Рудман, Марк Наумович, e Артур Разимович Туриянов. "FORMATION OF A PARLIAMENTARY MODEL OF CONSTITUTIONAL CONTROL IN THE BASIC LAWS OF THE USSR OF 1924 AND 1936". Rule-of-law state: theory and practice 18, n.º 4(70) (19 de janeiro de 2023): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33184/pravgos-2022.4.2.
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The article studies the features of fixing the legal mechanism of constitutional control in the first two constitutions of the USSR. The analysis is based on the study ofthe approaches taken by wellknown legal scholars during the drafting of these constitutional acts, as well as the views of modern Russian constitutionalists on the essence and national specificity of the implementation ofthe ideas of constitutional control as an integral part of thesystem of constitutional governance. On the basis of a comparative legal analysis, the article reveals the evolution of the mechanism of constitutional control from judicial control in the Constitution of the USSR of 1924 to formal parliamentary control in the Constitution of the USSR of 1936. While recognizing the importance of the institution of constitutional controlas a necessary element of constitutional governance, the authors conclude that the single-party political regime in the USSR had a destructive effecton the very idea of constitutional governance. Despite attempts to create Soviet constitutionalism as a universal way of involving society in social construction, the influence of party power negated the meaning ofthe Soviet Constitution. The formalization of the content of constitutionalism and federalism under the Soviet state regime contributed to a complete loss ofthe importance of constitutional justice in the USSR of the pre-war period.
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Menski, Werner. "Public Participation in African Constitutionalism". Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 22 (21 de maio de 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2019/v22i0a6310.
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This review explores why public participation in constitution-making matters for cultivating responsible governance and for fine-tuning justice, focused on immensely rich African evidence within a broader comparative constitutional law context.
Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Comparative constitutional justice"
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Almeida, Kato Mariana. "La transparence de la justice constitutionnelle : une étude de droit comparé (France, Brésil, États-Unis)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2021. https://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://bibliotheque.lefebvre-dalloz.fr/secure/isbn/9782247226580.
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La justice constitutionnelle et la transparence sont deux thèmes cruciaux. Le développement de la justice constitutionnelle est une caractéristique essentielle des systèmes juridiques contemporains. Les organes chargés de contrôler la conformité des lois et éventuellement d'autres normes juridiques à la Constitution exercent un pouvoir de plus en plus important dans les démocraties modernes, depuis peu en France et depuis plus longtemps dans d'autres États. Parallèlement, dans ces mêmes démocraties, l'exigence de transparence de l'action publique ne cesse de gagner en importance. De multiples dispositions, législatives ou constitutionnelles, mettent en œuvre une certaine transparence dans divers objectifs de lutte contre la corruption, de contrôle, de confiance ou de participation des citoyens. Mais la transparence pose également certaines difficultés, par exemple à l'égard de la délibération, ou encore du fait de l'encombrement d'une juridiction. Dans ce contexte, le projet réunit pour la première fois deux thèmes de premier plan, la transparence et la justice constitutionnelle, qui n'ont jamais été rapprochés dans une étude approfondie. La thèse examine les normes juridiques qui sont en rapport avec la transparence de la justice constitutionnelle, telles que la procédure de nomination des juges, les possibilités de récusation ou de déport, le choix des requêtes, la motivation des décisions et la possibilité de publier des opinions séparées, le rôle joué par les collaborateurs des juges, l'accès aux délibérations et aux archives, la publication des amici curiae ou encore la tenue d'audiences publiques et leur diffusion. Par ailleurs, alors que le Conseil constitutionnel est désormais souvent présenté comme une cour constitutionnelle semblable à celles qui existent dans d'autres États européens, la confrontation aux expériences brésilienne et nord-américaine permet de mesurer le degré de transparence de cette institution et d'approfondir l'étudeThe subject of the thesis is the analysis of transparency in constitutional jurisdiction from a comparative perspective. The development of constitutional justice is one of the essential qualities of contemporary legal systems. The institutions entrusted with the responsibility of safeguarding the Constitution have increasing importance in modern democracies, for not a very long time in France and more in other countries. In parallel, in these same democracies, the exigency of transparency of public action continues to gain importance. Many legal or constitutional devices encourage transparency in different perspectives: the fight against corruption, control, confidence, or citizen participation. But transparency also presents some challenges, for example, regarding the deliberation process or the surcharge of a jurisdiction. In this context, the project reunites, for the first time, two different subjects - transparency and constitutional jurisdiction - which have never been studied together in a profound analysis, despite its importance. The thesis will precisely examine the rules concerning the regulation or limitation of the transparency in the constitutional courts, such as the nomination process for constitutional courts judges, judicial disqualification, choice of cases to be examined in detail, motivation and decision making, publicity of dissident opinions, role of judge's collaborators, the access to the deliberation and documents, publication of the amici curiae and also public hearings and its diffusion. Moreover, while the Conseil constitutionnel is often presented as a constitutional court similar to those existing in other European states, the confrontation with the experiences of Brazil and the United States will allow to measure the degree of transparency of this institution and to extend the research
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Aurino, Marta. "Les modèles de justice constitutionnelle : entre inadéquation et innovation : pour une analyse multidimensionnelle de la justice constitutionnelle comparée". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0433.
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Cette thèse propose une réévaluation des modèles traditionnels de justice constitutionnelle par le biais d'une approche comparative et empirique. La distinction classique entre les modèles américain et européen, confrontée à la diversité croissante des systèmes de justice constitutionnelle dans le monde, révèle d'importantes limites conceptuelles. Pour dépasser ces frontières, deux orientations analytiques émergent : l'une visant à élaborer de nouveaux modèles théoriques basés sur des critères renouvelés, et l'autre visant à développer des outils d'analyse novateurs, mieux adaptés à la complexité actuelle. C'est cette seconde approche, moins explorée, qui constitue le coeur de ce travail. À partir d'une analyse empirique des systèmes de justice constitutionnelle à l'échelle mondiale, en utilisant la méthode des analyses de correspondances, un outil d'analyse multidimensionnelle a été conçu. Cet outil permet de représenter la diversité des systèmes juridiques dans une perspective fluide et évolutive, en prenant en compte les variations contextuelles ainsi que les interactions multiples influençant le contentieux constitutionnel. Plutôt que de classer les systèmes selon des critères rigides, il les positionne dans une dynamique ouverte, reflétant la complexité de leurs interactions. L'objectif central est de mieux comprendre le rôle du juge constitutionnel, en analysant son intervention au regard des normes de référence du contrôle de constitutionnalité, des modalités d'accès à la justice et des compétences des Cours constitutionnelles. En adoptant une méthodologie empirique et multidimensionnelle, ce travail transcende les cadres traditionnels pour embrasser la complexité et la multiplicité des réalités juridiques contemporaines tout en créant un outil didactiqueThis thesis proposes a reassessment of traditional models of constitutional justice through a comparative and empirical approach. The classical distinction between the American and European models, when confronted with the growing diversity of constitutional justice systems worldwide, reveals significant conceptual limitations. To address these challenges, two analytical pathways emerge: one aimed at developing new theoretical models based on revised criteria, and the other focused on creating innovative analytical tools better suited to contemporary complexities. It is this latter, less explored approach that forms the core of this work. Drawing on an empirical analysis of constitutional justice systems globally, and employing correspondence analysis methods, a multidimensional analytical tool has been developed. This tool allows for the representation of the diversity of legal systems in a fluid and evolving framework, accounting for contextual variations and the multiple interactions influencing constitutional litigation. Rather than classifying systems according to fixed criteria, it positions them within an open dynamic, reflecting the complexity of their interactions. The central objective is to better understand the role of the constitutional judge by examining their participation in the decision-making process, with a focus on constitutional review standards, access to justice, and the competencies of Constitutional Courts. By adopting an empirical and multidimensional methodology, this work seeks to transcend traditional frameworks in order to embrace the complexity and multiplicity of contemporary legal realities while creating a didactic tool
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Lebedel, Sophie. "Le précédent dans les décisions des cours constitutionnelles : Étude comparée des expériences française, espagnole et italienne de justice constitutionnelle". Thesis, Toulon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUL0067.
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La règle du précédent, clé de voûte de la Common law, impose au juge de respecter les décisions analogues précédentes, en l’absence de justification pour se départir de celles-ci. Cette règle est donc logiquement absente de la théorie du droit romano-germanique, selon laquelle, schématiquement, le juge n’est soumis qu’à la loi. Pourtant, l’étude des décisions des juridictions de tradition romaniste et, plus précisément, des cours constitutionnelles montrent que ces dernières n’hésitent pas à appliquer la règle du précédent. Il ne s’agit pas d’une volonté de se soumettre à un précédent contraignant et obligatoire, mais de juger en conformité et dans la logique des solutions antérieurement adoptées. L’autorité du précédent constitutionnel est donc, le plus souvent, psychologique et le juge constitutionnel peut renoncer à l’appliquer lorsqu’il l’estime nécessaire. Le précédent devient ainsi un instrument judiciaire universel, permettant d’assurer, indifféremment du système juridique, l’uniformité et la cohérence de la jurisprudencePrecedent, the key-stone of Common law, obliges the Court to comply with analogous preceding decisions, in the absence of justification for abandoning them. This rule is therefore logically absent from the theory of Civil law, according to which, schematically, the Court is only bound by written law. Nevertheless, the study of court decisions in Civil law systems and, more exactly, those of constitutional courts show that they do not hesitate to apply the rules of precedent. It is not a question of a will to be held by a binding and obligatory precedent, but to judge in conformity and within the logic of previously adopted solutions. The authority of constitutional precedent is therefore, more often than not, psychological and the constitutional court can desist from applying it when it deems necessary. Precedent thus becomes a universal judicial instrument, enabling to ensure, regardless of the legal system, the uniformity and the coherence of case-law
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Lebedel, Sophie. "Le précédent dans les décisions des cours constitutionnelles : Étude comparée des expériences française, espagnole et italienne de justice constitutionnelle". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUL0067.
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La règle du précédent, clé de voûte de la Common law, impose au juge de respecter les décisions analogues précédentes, en l’absence de justification pour se départir de celles-ci. Cette règle est donc logiquement absente de la théorie du droit romano-germanique, selon laquelle, schématiquement, le juge n’est soumis qu’à la loi. Pourtant, l’étude des décisions des juridictions de tradition romaniste et, plus précisément, des cours constitutionnelles montrent que ces dernières n’hésitent pas à appliquer la règle du précédent. Il ne s’agit pas d’une volonté de se soumettre à un précédent contraignant et obligatoire, mais de juger en conformité et dans la logique des solutions antérieurement adoptées. L’autorité du précédent constitutionnel est donc, le plus souvent, psychologique et le juge constitutionnel peut renoncer à l’appliquer lorsqu’il l’estime nécessaire. Le précédent devient ainsi un instrument judiciaire universel, permettant d’assurer, indifféremment du système juridique, l’uniformité et la cohérence de la jurisprudencePrecedent, the key-stone of Common law, obliges the Court to comply with analogous preceding decisions, in the absence of justification for abandoning them. This rule is therefore logically absent from the theory of Civil law, according to which, schematically, the Court is only bound by written law. Nevertheless, the study of court decisions in Civil law systems and, more exactly, those of constitutional courts show that they do not hesitate to apply the rules of precedent. It is not a question of a will to be held by a binding and obligatory precedent, but to judge in conformity and within the logic of previously adopted solutions. The authority of constitutional precedent is therefore, more often than not, psychological and the constitutional court can desist from applying it when it deems necessary. Precedent thus becomes a universal judicial instrument, enabling to ensure, regardless of the legal system, the uniformity and the coherence of case-law
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Wade, Mame Ndiaga. "Accès au juge constitutionnel et constitutionnalisation du droit : approche comparée avec l'Allemagne, l'Italie et l'Espagne". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1071/document.
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L'accès direct des individus à la justice constitutionnelle a tendance en Allemagne et Espagne, contrairement à la France et à Italie où il n’est pas prévu, à modifier la nature classiquement objective de la mission de constitutionnalisation du juge constitutionnel par les buts subjectifs poursuivis par les recours individuels directs. Il déclenche, le cas échéant, chez le juge constitutionnel une fonction autre que la simple constitutionnalisation du droit, qui demeure objective dans le cadre de l’accès indirect et l'entraîne sur le terrain de la fondamentalisation du droit, qui revêt des caractéristiques très subjectives. C'est ce qui explique la concurrence entre le juge constitutionnel et les juges ordinaires et européens, et conduit le premier à se comporter en cour suprême en Allemagne et en Espagne où existent ces voies de recours. La fondamentalisation, qui est un processus plus vaste que la constitutionnalisation, oblige également le juge constitutionnel à s’adapter et à prendre part à la "circulation des solutions juridiques"The direct access of individuals to constitutional justice has the tendency in Germany and Spain, contrary to France and Italy where it does not exist, to modify the current and objective nature of the mission of constitutionalisation of the constitutional judge through the subjective goals individual and direct recourses. It triggers, on the other hand, on the side of the constitutional judge another function than the simple constitutionalisation of law that remains objective in the case of the indirect access, which is leading to the fundamentalisation of law, which has very subjective features. This is explaining the competition between the constitutional judge and the ordinary and European courts that leads the first to behave in Supreme Court in Germany and Spain where those review procedures exist. The fundamentalisation, which is a wider process than the constitutionalisation one, also oblige the constitutional judge to adapt and to get involved in the “circulation of legal solutions”
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Hilly, Laura Ellen. "Experienced justice : gender, judging and appellate courts". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d3f64853-898a-4c01-a17e-819d6a095f52.
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The under-representation of women in the senior appellate judiciary in common law jurisdictions remains an enduring problem. Much has been written about the lack of women’s participation in the judiciary and what strategies, if any, should be undertaken in order to resolve this persistent problem. However, this thesis takes a step back to ask a broader question: what impact does gender diversity have upon judicial decision making in appellate courts? It seeks to answer this question by engaging feminist standpoint theory to assess the experiences of men and women judges from three common law jurisdictions: England, South Africa and Australia. Through a series of interviews conducted with members of the senior judiciary in these jurisdictions in 2012 and 2013, this thesis explores the extent that interviewees consider that gendered experiences impact upon their own judging, and judging within the dynamics of collegiate appellate courts. This thesis concludes that while it is not possible to pinpoint one particular ‘contribution’ or ‘impact’ that gendered experiences have upon judging, it is nonetheless generally considered by those interviewed to be an important part of the judicial decision making process in several subtle, yet important, ways. Because of the considerable role that diverse gendered experiences play in judicial decision making, appointments processes should be sensitised to the need for diversity of experience and alive to the danger of ostensibly neutral appointment criteria devaluing diverse experiences, particularly the experiences of women in the law.
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Panagopoulos, Antonis. "Modèle américain ou modèle européen de justice constitutionnelle ? : étude comparative a travers le cas hellenique". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32000/document.
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Le projet du gouvernement grec en 2006 d’introduire une Cour constitutionnelle pour remplacer le contrôle diffus pose le problème du choix entre le modèle américain et le modèle européen. Il n’y a pas de supériorité inhérente d’un modèle sur le plan axiologique, logique, technique et empirique. Les défauts du système américain sont amplifiés en Grèce par le contexte européen de sorte que le système grec assure la dépolitisation du contrôle mais n’assure pas la sécurité juridique. De même, il est activiste en matière socioéconomique mais il ne l’est pas concernant les droits individuels de premier rang. Par ailleurs, les mécanismes correctifs (Cour suprême spéciale, Cour plénière, Tribunal des Salaires) aggravent le problème d’irrationalité en raison du grand nombre des juges. Ils engendrent aussi des décisions provocatrices dans les domaines électoraux et judiciaires. D’autre part, la Cour constitutionnelle se heurte à l’existence d’un système américain actif, d’un contexte culturel non continental, à l’interprétation historique des principes irrévisables et à un contexte social clientéliste. Plus particulièrement, la Cour constitutionnelle proposée favorise la loi en raison de la désignation des juges uniquement par le parti majoritaire et aussi de la saisine de la Cour dans le cas de deux invalidations successives de la loi. En conclusion, il est opportun d’établir un système mixte selon la nature des lois contrôlées comprenant une Assemblée Plénière restreinte et une Cour constitutionnelle constituée parmi une liste tripleThe project of the Greek government in 2006 to introduce a Constitutional Court in order to replace the diffused control poses the problem of the choice between the American model and the European model. There is non inherent superiority of one model from axiological, logic, technical and empirical point of view. The defaults of the American system are amplified in Greece by the European context, so that the Greek system assures the depoliticization of the control but it does not assure the legal security. In addition, it is activist in the socioeconomic domain but it is self-restrained concerning the fundamental liberties. The remedial mechanisms (Supreme Special Court, Plenary Court, “Tribunal of Wages”) aggravate the problem of irrationality, because of the existence of lot of judges and they engender also provocative decisions in the electoral and judicial domain. On the other hand, the introduction of a Constitutional Court comes up against the existence of an active American system, a non continental cultural context, the historical interpretation or irrevisable principles and a clientelist social context. More particularly, the proposed Constitutional Court favors the law owning to the fact that the judges are appointed only by the majority party and that the Court intervenes after two invalidations of the law. In conclusion, it is convenient to establish a mixed system according to the nature of controlled laws including a restricted Plenary Court and a Constitutional Court constituted among a triple list
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Collazos, Velasco Maria Dolores. "Le rôle des Cours Constitutionnelles vis-à-vis du pouvoir Exécutif en Amérique Latine. Etude comparative : Chili, Mexique, et Colombie". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0069.
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Au cours des deux dernières décennies du XXe siècle, les Tribunaux Constitutionnels sont devenus des acteurs politiques majeurs en Amérique latine. Cette transformation découle de l’adoption de réformes constitutionnelles intervenues à la fin des années 80 et dans les années 90 avec pour objectif de faire des Cours Constitutionnelles des institutions plus indépendantes et dotées de pouvoirs plus importants.Cette thèse cherche à proposer des éléments de réponse permettant de comprendre comment et dans quelle mesure la conception institutionnelle introduite par les réformes façonne le comportement des Tribunaux Constitutionnels latino-américains vis-à-vis du pouvoir Exécutif. Plus précisément, cette recherche s’intéresse au rôle des Cours Constitutionnelles dans leur fonction d’arbitrage des lois du pouvoir exécutif au Chili, au Mexique ainsi qu’en Colombie après l’introduction de réformes constitutionnelles visant à renforcer la justice constitutionnelle, intervenues respectivement en 2005, 1994 et 1991. Bien que l’approche classique consiste à considérer que la conception des institutions est un élément fondamental pour la modélisation ducomportement judiciaire, et que ceux qui ont conçu les réformes avaient cette idée à l’esprit, mes résultats empiriques basés sur la recherche archivistique et l’étude des décisions de ces tribunaux suggèrent que la manière dont les juges constitutionnels construisent leur identité professionnelle, comprennent leurs objectifs en matière d’administration de la justice et assument leur rôle dans la démocratie, influent également sur la manière dont ils exercent leur contrôle juridictionnel. En d’autres termes, cette thèse soutient que la conception institutionnelle, bien que cruciale, n’est pas suffisante pour expliquer le comportement de la Cour Constitutionnelle à l’égard de l’Exécutif dans les pays ayant renforcé le contrôle juridictionnel après des périodes autoritaires, telles que celles étudiées dans mes recherches. Des recherches complémentaires sont nécessaires afin de mieux comprendre comment se forment l’idéologie et les conceptions professionnelles du juge et comment elles façonnent le comportement de la justiceThe last two decades of the 20th century constitutional Tribunals emerged as powerful political actors in Latin America. This transformation is the consequence of the adoption of constitutional reforms during the late 80s and the 90s oriented to turn the constitutional Courts into more independent and powerful institutions.This dissertation seeks to provide elements to understand how and to which extent the institutional design introduced by the reforms shapes the Latin American Constitutional Tribunals’ behavior vis-à-vis the Executive power. More precisely, this research focuses on the role of Constitutional Courts as arbiters of the Executive branch acts in Chile, Mexico, and Colombia afterthe introduction of constitutional reforms aimed to reinforce the constitutional justice in 2005, 1994 and 1991 respectively. Although the standard approach proposes that the institutional design is a fundamental piece to model the judicial behavior, and this idea was in mind of those who conceived the reforms, my empirical results based on archival research and the study of decisions from these courts suggest that the way the constitutional judges build their professional identity, understand their goals in administering justice and assume their role in democracy, also matters in how they exercise the judicial review. In other words, this dissertation argues that the institutional design, although essential, is not enough to explain the Constitutional Court's behavior before the Executive in countries having reinforced the judicial review after authoritarian periods, such as those of my research. Further research is needed to better understand how the judge’s professional ideology and conceptions are formed, and how they shape judicial behavior
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Pignarre, Pierre-Emmanuel. "La Cour de justice de l'Union européenne, juridiction constitutionnelle". Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020018.
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La Cour de justice de l’Union européenne est aujourd’hui l’institution judiciaire qui fait l’objet de toutes les attentions de la part du monde scientifique. Elle serait même, derrière la Cour suprême des États-Unis, l’organe judiciaire le plus étudié au monde. Notre recherche propose de démontrer que la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne est une juridiction constitutionnelle. Tout d’abord, la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne dispose d’une légitimité qui peut être qualifiée de constitutionnelle tant au regard de ses composantes humaines que de sa procédure. La procédure de nomination ainsi que l’office des membres de la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne caractérisent sa légitimité constitutionnelle subjective. L’étude des règles de procédure amène au constat que le procès à la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne à les attraits d’un procès constitutionnel. Elles caractérisent la légitimité constitutionnelle objective de la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne.La Cour de justice dispose ensuite d’une compétence qui peut être qualifiée de constitutionnelle car elle exerce des attributions qui sont traditionnellement dévolues au juge constitutionnel. Ceci se vérifie tout d’abord dans le contrôle de la régularité des normes étatiques et européennes au droit de l’Union européenne lato sensu qui évoque le contrôle de constitutionnalité des lois devant les juridictions constitutionnelles nationales. Cela se vérifie, ensuite, dans le contrôle de la répartition horizontale et verticale des compétences qu’exerce le juge de l’Union européenne et qui constitue l’une des attributions des juges constitutionnels dans les États fédéraux ou régionaux. Cela se vérifie, enfin, à l’aune de la garantie des droits fondamentaux, que le juge de l’Union européenne veille à préserver au sein de l’ordre juridique dont il est l’interprète authentiqueThe Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) is the judicial institution that nowadays garners the most attention from scholars. One could even claim that, after the Supreme Court of the United States, it is the most studied judicial organ in the world. This research aims to demonstrate that the CJEU is a constitutional court. First of all, the CJEU enjoys constitutional legitimacy that extends to its Members as well as its procedure. The appointment procedure and the function of the Members of the CJEU shape its subjective constitutional legitimacy. A thorough exploration of the rules of procedure leads to the finding that the process before the Court of Justice of the European Union has the trappings of a constitutional process. The latter give form to the objective constitutional legitimacy of the CJEU.The jurisdiction of the Court of Justice can be qualified as constitutional because it has powers which are traditionally vested in the constitutional judge. The CJEU reviews the conformity of both national and European acts with European Union law lato sensu, which is analogous to the constitutional review exercised by national constitutional courts. Secondly, it scrutinizes the horizontal and vertical distribution of powers, which is a typical attribute of constitutional judges in federal states. Finally, the constitutional similarities can be found in the realm of fundamental rights protection: the judge of the European Union ensures that these rights, of which he/she is the authentic interpreter, are upheld within the legal order
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Iftimiei, Andra. "La constitutionnalisation du droit pénal roumain et français : étude de droit comparé". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0103/document.
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La constitutionnalisation représente “une action qui consiste en l’octroide la nature constitutionnelle à un règle ou en la confirmation d’une institution par larègle constitutionnelle ”1. La définition trouvée dans le Vocabulaire juridique este trèsrestreinte et incomplète. Le phénomène de constitutionnalisation est complexe et semanifeste dans toutes les branches du droit, tant par l’entremise de la doctrine quepar des moyens jurisprudentielles, qui seront mises en évidence à travers cetouvrage.De nos jours, le procès de constitutionnalisation du droit en général et du droit pénalen particulaire, comporte d’intérêt par les méthodes utilisées, par les effets qu’ilproduit, mais également par la nécessité de la différentiation d’autres conceptssimilaires, comme constitutionalité ou constitutionalisme.L’importance du thème se focalise sur la nécessité de l’élimination des confusionscrées autour du terme de constitutionnalisation. En égale mesure, on se propose àmettre en valeur les prémisses du phénomène de constitutionnalisation, mais aussiles moyens par lesquels le procès en soi-même produit ses effets.Le thème choisi comporte l’intérêt d’une approche interdisciplinaire, tels quel’approche de la perspective du droit comparé, ce qui confère d’originalité, maiségalement une vision innovatrice sur l’intersection des deux branches du droit.Le plan binaire suppose une analyse concernant les premisses de laconstitutionnalisation du droit pénal et les moyens et les effets de laconstitutionnalisation du droit pénal roumain et françaisThe chosen topic sets forward the interest of an interdisciplinaryapproach as well as the approach from the perspective of comparative law, thusconferring originality, but also an innovating vision on the intersection of two lawbranches. We propose the analysis of criminal law constitutionalization due to thegeneral trend in which criminal law is equally subscribed, namely that ofinternationalization, Europeanization and constitutionalization of law. Moreover, thestudy of the two law branches is relevant given the highly intimate connectionsbetween them, through rendering more effective the protection of fundamental rightsand liberties.As research method we subscribed the entire thesis to a well-known method ofRomanian and French university school which embraces a new binary structure:problematization – solutions or hypothesis – demonstrations. The problem orhypothesis raised by the thesis is ”What is the starting point and how does the process of constitutionalization of the criminal law acts/functions?”, implicitlyadmitting the existence of such a phenomenon. The solutions or demonstrations arereflected as answers to the central questions, forged on the research plan of thethesis: highlighting the relations between criminal law and the Constitution,respectively of the means of constitutionalization and the effects of this phenomenon.Following the principles exposed by Legal Sociology regarding the integration of aprocess in the limits of a phenomenon, we reached the conclusion that in the case ofconstitutionalization, it fulfills all necessary requirements in order to be catalogued assuch. An argument in this respect is represented by the spread of this phenomenonboth from the spatial perspective (being encountered both in the European space aswell as in the international space) and from the perspective of the branches of law,which are subject to the process of constitutionalization (accordingly, we identified aseries of illustrations from Administrative Law, Labor Law, Economic Law, EuropeanLaw of Contracts or the Right to a Healthy Environment).The crystallization of the constitutionalization notion is carried out by reporting toother terms, so as to configure the delimitation of the concept. In order to delimit theconcept of constitutionalization we conducted a reporting to codification,constitutionalism, conventionality and constitutionality, underlining the existingdiscrepancies between these terms. It is estimated that there are seven stages ofconstitutionalization: 1) rigid constitution, 2) jurisdictional guaranteeing of theConstitution, 3) the compulsory force of the Constitution, 4) ”over-interpretation” ofthe Constitution, 5) interpretation of laws in accordance with the Constitution, 6)direct application of constitutional norms, 7) influence of the Constitution on politicalreports.The binary structure of the doctorate thesis proposes the analysis of theconstitutionalization phenomenon from a dual perspective: the premises ofconstitutionalization (materialized in the supremacy of the Constitution, theconstitutional grounds of criminal law, as well as constitutional guarantees in criminalmatters), and the proper constitutionalization of criminal law (which we equallystructured on the means of achievement of constitutionalization and the effects of thisphenomenon)
Livros sobre o assunto "Comparative constitutional justice"
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Padovani, Julien. Essai de modélisation de la justice constitutionnelle: Pour une approche téléologique du contentieux constitutionnel. Paris La Défense: LGDJ, un savoir-faire de Lextenso, 2022.
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1950-, Sadurski Wojciech, ed. Constitutional justice, east and west: Democratic legitimacy and constitutional courts in post-communist Europe in a comparative perspective. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 2003.
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Basu, Durga Das. Commentary on the Constitution of India: Being a comparative treatise on the universal principles of justice and constitutional government with special reference to the organic instrument of India. Calcutta: Available from Kamal Law House, 1989.
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F, Schauer Frederick, Peczenik Aleksander, Laporta Francisco J. 1945- e SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Race, Rights, and Justice. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009.
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V, Chandrachud Y., Subbramani S. S. 1938-, Manohar V. R e Banerjee Bhagabati Prosad, eds. Commentary on the Constitution of India: Being a comparative treatise on the universal principles of justice and constitutional government with special reference to the organic instrument of India. 8a ed. Agra: Wadhwa & Co., 2007.
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Carías, Allan-Randolph Brewer. Derecho procesal constitucional: Instrumentos para la justicia constitucional. San José, Costa Rica: IJSA, Investigaciones Juridicas S.A., 2012.
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Carías, Allan-Randolph Brewer. Derecho procesal constitucional: Instrumentos para la justicia constitucional. Bogotá, D.C., Colombia: Ediciones Doctrina y Ley Ltda., 2013.
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Torelly, Marcelo. Justiça de transição e estado constitucional de direito: Perspectiva teórico-comparativa e análise do caso brasileiro. Belo Horizonte: Editora Fórum, 2012.
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Hourquebie, Fabrice, e Virginie Peltier. Droit constitutionnel et grands principes du droit pénal: Actes du colloque organisé les 8 et 9 novembre 2012 par le Centre d'études et de recherches comparatives sur les constitutions, les libertés et l'État (C.E.R.C.C.L.E.) et l'Institut de sciences criminelles et de la justice (I.S.C.J.). Paris: Éditions Cujas, 2013.
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Nicolini, Matteo, e Silvia Bagni. Comparative Constitutional Justice. Boom Uitgevers Den Haag, 2021.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteCapítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Comparative constitutional justice"
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Verdussen, Marc. "Constitutional Justice in the Federal States of Europe". In Comparative Federalism, 149–64. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-51093-9_8.
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Kenney, Sally J. "The Judges of the Court of Justice of the European Communities". In Constitutional Dialogues in Comparative Perspective, 143–71. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780333982518_7.
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Kettunen, Merita. "Theoretical Ideals for European Constitutional Structures and Criminal Legislation". In Comparative, European and International Criminal Justice, 151–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16174-3_4.
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Andrade Neto, João. "A Constitutional Court Looking for Justification". In Ius Gentium: Comparative Perspectives on Law and Justice, 233–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02263-1_6.
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Simonelli, Marco Antonio. "The Constitutional Courts of New Democracies". In Ius Gentium: Comparative Perspectives on Law and Justice, 109–88. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-71268-5_4.
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Sunnqvist, Martin. "The Changing Role of Nordic Courts". In Ius Gentium: Comparative Perspectives on Law and Justice, 167–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74851-7_10.
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AbstractThe Supreme Courts in all the Nordic countries reserve, and exercise, the power to set aside unconstitutional laws. In this way, they protect the rule of law and the human rights that are enshrined in their national constitutions. However, they go about this in different ways and treat different constitutional rights in ways distinct from one another. In this chapter, I discuss the development of the diversified judicial review of legislation in the Nordic countries. I also discuss the independence of their judiciaries in the light of the latest developments in Europe. Finally, I discuss the importance of developing standards for the interpretation of case law on these constitutional issues. Recent development brings with it two consequences for Nordic courts: the task of assessing the independence of judiciaries in other EU states, and questions about how the rule of law and the independence of the judiciary can be strengthened at home.
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Sahadžić, Maja. "Constitutional Asymmetry as a Surrogate in Conflict Accommodation or How (Not) to Stabilize a Constitutional System". In Ius Gentium: Comparative Perspectives on Law and Justice, 113–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97917-1_5.
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Sahadžić, Maja. "Constitutional Asymmetry as a Surrogate in Conflict Accommodation or How (Not) to Stabilize a Constitutional System". In Ius Gentium: Comparative Perspectives on Law and Justice, 113–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97917-1_5.
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Simonelli, Marco Antonio. "The ECtHR and National Constitutional Courts. A General Overview". In Ius Gentium: Comparative Perspectives on Law and Justice, 189–214. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-71268-5_5.
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Simonelli, Marco Antonio. "The ECtHR and the Constitutional Courts of Consolidated Western Democracies". In Ius Gentium: Comparative Perspectives on Law and Justice, 45–108. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-71268-5_3.
Texto completo da fonteTrabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Comparative constitutional justice"
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Kamber, Krešimir, e Lana Kovačić Markić. "ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND THE RIGHT TO A FAIR TRIAL". In EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18363.
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On 11 March 2020 the World Health Organization announced the Covid-19 (coronavirus) to be a pandemic. To combat the pandemic, many countries had to adopt emergency measures and some of these measures have affected the judicial system, especially the functioning of courts. The pandemic has been characterised as far as the judiciary is concerned by complete or partial closure of court buildings for the parties and for the public. It is clear that the functioning of national judicial systems has been severely disrupted. This limited functioning of courts impacted the individuals’ right to a fair trial guaranteed, in particular, under Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights. The aim of this article is to examine the manner of the administration of justice during the Covid pandemic and its impact on the due process guarantees. Focus is put on the extent to which different Covid measures, in particular remote access to justice and online hearings have impacted the guarantees of the right to a fair trial and the due process guarantees in general, notably in detention cases. In this connection, the article provides a comparative overview of the functioning of the European legal systems during the pandemic. It also looks into the way in which the two European courts – the European Court of Human Rights and the Court of Justice of the European Union functioned, as well as the way in which the Croatian courts, including the Constitutional Court, organised their work during the pandemic. The article then provides an insight into the issue of online/remote hearings in the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights and in the Croatian Constitutional Court’s case-law. On the basis of this assessment, the article identifies the differences in the use of remote/online hearings between and within jurisdictions. In conclusion, the article points to some critical considerations that should be taken into account when devising the manner in which any Covid pandemic experience with the administration of justice (notably with regard to remote/online hearings) can be taken forward.
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Beutel, Jochen, Edmunds Broks, Arnis Buka e Christoph Schewe. "Setting Aside National Rules that Conflict EU law: How Simmenthal Works in Germany and in Latvia?" In The 8th International Scientific Conference of the Faculty of Law of the University of Latvia. University of Latvia Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/iscflul.8.2.10.
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At the centre of this article is the Simmenthal line of cases of the Court of Justice of the European Union, which establish the duty of every national court or administrative authority not to apply any national law that conflicts with the EU law. The article provides a brief overview of the evolution of the Simmenthal case law at the EU level. It then proceeds to assess how Simmenthal is applied at national level through comparative analysis of experience from Germany and Latvia. A particular emphasis in that regard is placed on the role of constitutional courts, as well as on the role of administrative authorities. Research from both countries points to a general adherence to the obligation established by Simmenthal. However, it also indicates certain discrepancies in national legislation, which obscure strict application of Simmenthal, especially for national administrations. Particularly in Latvia administration is not entitled to disapply national law on its own motion, whereas – explicitly following the Simmenthal doctrine – it would (theoretically) be entitled to do so in Germany.
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Gonçalves, Marcus Fabiano, e Terezinha Azevedo de Oliveira. "The use of robotics applications in classrooms with students with cerebral palsy". In V Seven International Multidisciplinary Congress. Seven Congress, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/sevenvmulti2024-125.
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In this article, we sought to identify the needs of students with cerebral palsy and their restrictions in relation to the school assistance guaranteed to them in accordance with the Federal Constitution for a dignified life. It is discussed how these students are supported in the school environment, whether there is adequate structure and equipment necessary for their development in an equal and dignified manner. To this end, the present study will be supported by a bibliographical reference on the subject with a view to analyzing the distance opened up by unequal circumstances produced in the school context by factors such as: the lack of auxiliary equipment for learning, such as, for example, the use of robotics . Although the Public Ministry of the State of Rondônia (MPE/RO), when called upon, has met this demand at times, there is still much to be done. In this study, a parallel will also be made to the inequalities observed in Brazil in a comparative analysis with another country, such as India, with a view to verifying whether there are other underlying issues and what they are. In this section, we will seek to note whether Brazilian representative democracy only guarantees equality and formal freedom in the areas of politics and justice - where inequalities coexist, therefore hiding a disguised colonialism, in order to infer other possible paths to achieve possible concrete solutions and correction of these inequalities in the educational context.