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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Colonists – North America – Genealogy"
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Duclos-Orsello, Elizabeth. "The Fullness of Enslaved Black Lives as Seen through Early Massachusetts Vital Records". Genealogy 6, n.º 1 (26 de janeiro de 2022): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy6010011.
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In genealogy, tracing names and dates is often the initial goal, but, for many, desire soon turns to learning about the embodied lives of those who came before them. This type of texture is hard for any genealogist to locate, but excruciatingly hard for those seeking to trace family histories that include ancestors who were enslaved in the northern parts of the colonies that would become the United States. Often, records thin to nearly nothing and frame all lived experiences through the lens of an enslaver. This is true especially of public records, created, maintained, and curated by the state apparatus. By adhering to the proposition that even materials that do not immediately reveal much about Black life may be useful if we consider what is missing and left out, this article suggests that these types of documents might help breathe some fullness into the individual and collective lives of those Black ancestors whose humanity the state denied. Emerging from a larger project to locate stories and histories of Black residents of one of the first colonized spaces in British North America, this article focuses on the ways in which the publicly available Massachusetts pre-1850 Vital Records—which have specific “Negroes” sections—serve as an unexpected source of useful, if fragmentary, evidence of not only individual lives, but collective histories of the communities in which Black ancestors lived. Highlighting creative approaches to analyzing these particular vital records, and centering women’s lives throughout, this article demonstrates what is possible to learn about patterns of childbearing, relationships between and among enslaved persons owned by different families, the nature of religious lives or practices, relationships between enslavers and enslaved, and the movements, over time, of individuals and families. Alongside these possibilities, the violence, limitations, and challenges of the vital records are identified, including issues related to Afro-indigenous persons, the conflation of birth and baptismal records, and differential access to details of the lives of enslaved men vs. women.
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Goodall, Mimi. "The rise of the sugar trade and sugar consumption in early British America, 1650–1720*". Historical Research 93, n.º 262 (14 de outubro de 2020): 678–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hisres/htaa022.
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Abstract This article draws on new archival sources to explore how sugar pervaded British North America much earlier that previous scholarly literature has suggested. Sugar arrived in North America with the very first colonists, and was widely available to a variety of consumers across the socio-economic spectrum. The product was foundational to the development of the North American economic world – in the creation of rum distilleries, grocers’ shops and through the use of commodity money. While sugar brought North American colonists closer to Britain through similar consumption patterns and a shared sense of taste, it also began to pull the two countries apart. By 1733, sugar had become a central source of tension between the colony and the metropole; it allowed colonists’ economic relationships to spread much further than Britain, and consequently, as America’s sweet tooth developed, its relationship with Britain began to decay.
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Schrader, J., D. G. A. B. Oonincx e M. P. Ferreira. "North American entomophagy". Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 2, n.º 2 (10 de junho de 2016): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2016.0003.
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Eating insects is not a common Northern American practice today. However, in the past a variety of insect species was consumed in Northern America (north of Mexico including Greenland). The aim of this literature review is to provide an historical overview of North American entomophagy based upon both peer and non-peer reviewed sources on this topic. Regional differences in insect consumption and reasons for being underreported are discussed. We show that North American natives, and in certain cases colonists, collected and consumed a large variety of edible insects. These are categorised per order and where available, information on how these species were collected and processed is provided. Lastly, we mention reasons for the renewed interest in edible insects in North America, and make suggestions for future studies.
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Leitner, Jonathan. "Classical World-Systems Analysis, the Historical Geography of British North America, and the Regional Politics of Colonial/Revolutionary New York". Journal of World-Systems Research 24, n.º 2 (14 de agosto de 2018): 404–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jwsr.2018.693.
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A less-appreciated aspect of earlier or “classical” works of world-systems analysis (WSA), in particular that of Braudel, Frank, and Wallerstein in the 1970s-80s is the examination of why the thirteen North American colonies that became the United States split from Great Britain. Specifically, why did some of Britain’s North American colonies revolt in the mid-1770s, but not others? Why were some colonists pro-independence while others preferred remaining within the empire? Classical WSA suggested regional differentiation among colonists, and later works in the WSA tradition have examined these divisions in British North America, particularly within individual colonies, based on both larger divisions in the world-economy and localized core-periphery structures. Yet classical WSA’s analytical questions about British North America’s independence movement have been more directly addressed by historical geographers. This paper synthesizes classical WSA with works on the historical geography of British North America, and then examines the synthesis in light of colonial New York and its political-economic geography of several distinct regions, each with varying economic and political interests vis à vis the British Empire and the question of independence.
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Beghdadi, Farouk. "Economy and the Shaping of the Immigration Policy of the British American Colonies (1624-1775)". Traduction et Langues 17, n.º 1 (31 de agosto de 2018): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.52919/translang.v17i1.562.
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Peopling the English colonies in North America was of great importance. The English adopted many strategies to attract immigrants because they needed big numbers of workers to maintain their plantations and their presence in the new continent. This paper deals with the influence of the economic conditions of the British North American colonies in the shaping of their immigration policy. Usually, the focus is on the impact of immigration on the economy of a given society; however, the present work tries to investigate the role that the economy of the colonies played in molding the colonists’ policies towards the attraction of immigrants. The major issue of the paper is centered on the factors that influenced the colonial strategy towards immigration. The work suggests that the colonists’ economics played a key role in drawing the basis of the colonies’ immigration policy).
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Myers, Travis L. "Misperceptions and Identities Mis-taken: Interpreting Various Hostilities Encountered by Moravians in Colonial New York and Pennsylvania". Studies in World Christianity 26, n.º 2 (julho de 2020): 155–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/swc.2020.0294.
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This essay integrates Moravian studies, missiology and historical theology. It begins with a brief survey of the historiography of Moravian missions in colonial North America. It then surveys various reasons for periodic hostility against Moravians in New York and Pennsylvania between roughly 1740 and 1790. It recovers the ethnic and cultural diversity, prejudices and defensive actions of colonists that were a significant component of life in these contested spaces and turbulent times, thus demonstrating that so-called ‘religious’ persecution remains a complicated phenomenon. It suggests Moravians might have avoided certain instances of misperception and consequent ‘persecution’ had they adapted themselves culturally in ways they did not. Moravians were often perceived by other colonial Europeans as a threat to the security and stability of developing locales, and remained largely on the social periphery in colonial North America as a consequence of being both wrongly and rightly understood. As an international and transnational religious community pursuing its own global dispersal for the sake of mission, Moravian political neutrality and perceived ‘foreignness’ was misunderstood in times of war by English and Dutch colonists, especially, as sympathy for the enemy or even evidence of espionage, though the religious and secular fear of their being Catholic seems to have been eventually resolved. Because Moravians in the British colonies fraternised with Native Americans for the sake of mission and were part of an international fellowship also befriending Caribbean slaves, they were sometimes slandered by colonists who feared them as instigators of rebellion by these marginalised populations. Finally, the Moravian sense of being set apart by God from the broader society and called to suffer for the sake of their righteous difference and gospel influence, when acted upon, provoked hostility from colonists who perceived them as a threat to local balances of power, denominational order or family cohesion.
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Humphrey, Thomas. "The Anatomy of a Crowd". Journal of Early American History 5, n.º 1 (6 de abril de 2015): 68–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18770703-00501003.
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Over the past thirty years, historians of colonial British North America have turned their attention to crowd violence. Most crowds inflicted horrifying, ritualized violence on people and property. Crowds assaulted men and women who committed adultery or bigamy, or who beat their spouses too severely. And crowds attacked anyone who jeopardized people’s health with disease or who used their political and economic power to get rich at the expense of their neighbors. What becomes clear is that colonists adapted the rituals of rough music to various social, political, and economic grievances. Readers usually meet these people as they chased their targets, giving the impression that people formed crowds spontaneously. But some crowds acted more deliberately. In some cases, colonists resorted to violence only after determining what behavior upset them and then how best to address it. The question becomes, then, simply put, how did colonists learn the mobbing time had come?
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Rodning, Christopher B. "Cherokee Towns and Calumet Ceremonialism in Eastern North America". American Antiquity 79, n.º 3 (julho de 2014): 425–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/0002-7316.79.3.425.
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Calumet ceremonialism was widely practiced by Native American and European colonial groups in the Great Plains and Southeast during the late seventeenth century and the early eighteenth century. Cultural practices associated with smoking calumet pipes have roots in the prehistoric past, but the spread of calumet ceremonialism across the Southeast was associated with the spread of European colonists and colonialism. Calumet ceremonialism served the needs for groups to have a means of creating balance, and of setting the stage for peaceful interaction and exchange, during a period marked by considerable instability and dramatic cultural change. The presence of a redstone elbow pipe bowl fragment from the Coweeta Creek site in southwestern North Carolina demonstrates the participation of Cherokee towns in calumet ceremonialism, despite the remote location of this site in the southern Appalachians, far from major European colonial settlements, and far from areas such as the Mississippi River Valley and the upper Midwest where such pipes are much more common.
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Welker, Martin H., e Nicole M. Mathwich. "An Army Marches on Its Stomach: Comparing Military Provisioning across North American Sixteenth- to Nineteenth-Century Forts". American Antiquity 88, n.º 2 (abril de 2023): 207–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aaq.2023.15.
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AbstractMilitary garrisons in North America were provisioned with a diet based primarily on domesticates. A relationship between colonial diets and nationality has been an assumed truism, encouraging the belief that colonial diets were static and predetermined by European norms and leading to devaluation of colonists’ adaptability and agency. We challenge that perspective using zooarchaeological data on soldiers’ diets at 49 American fortifications in North America. Statistical comparisons reveal that some sites relied heavily on provisioned livestock, while others did not. Dietary patterns were significantly impacted by accessibility, length of occupation, garrison size, and local infrastructure. This evidence suggests that reliance on wild game was an adaptive response to local environmental and cultural factors influencing the accessibility of preferred domesticates, regardless of nationality.
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Graves, Gary R. "Avian commensals in Colonial America: when did Chaetura pelagica become the chimney swift?" Archives of Natural History 31, n.º 2 (outubro de 2004): 300–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2004.31.2.300.
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The clearing of primeval forest in eastern North America by European colonists led to a profound shift in the breeding ecology of the chimney swift (Chaetura pelagica). Historical accounts show that the swift, which nested in hollow trees during the pre-Colonial era, began nesting in chimneys as early as 1672 in New England, indicating that it was among the first native North American birds to nest commensally in European dwellings. Based on historical descriptions of nest sites and on changes in its vernacular name, the swift nested almost exclusively in chimneys on the Atlantic coastal plain by the late eighteenth century. Tree-nesting is now a rare phenomenon and fewer than two dozen instances of such behavior have been reported since 1900.
Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Colonists – North America – Genealogy"
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Robertson, Jenna B. "A centre and an edge : an educator's genealogy of community living in North America". Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99747.
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This thesis maps a genealogy for the process of erosion that has affected functional communities in North America over the last half-century. It seeks to make links between this erosion of functional communities and the increasing stress that families and, by extension, schools are currently experiencing. This thesis argues that in order to understand the dysfunction and stress we are seeing in our schools today, our examination must extend beyond children and families to include the wider social ecology, philosophical, economic, and political contexts, as well as the physical landscapes that shape family, school, and community life.
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Nukaga, Yoshio. "A genealogy of genealogical practices : the development and use of medical pedigrees in the case of Huntington's disease". Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=37800.
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The purpose of this dissertation is to examine the use, role and function of medical pedigrees as part of extended networks of genetic practices. Integral to my argument is a description of geneticisation (i.e., the redefinition of family problems as genetic in origin), grounded in a set of detailed case studies of the development and use of visual tools in genetic practices.In recent years, medical sociologists have tended to link geneticisation to medicalisation (i.e., the social control by doctors over patients accompanied by the translation of social problems into medical issues). I argue that the twin notions of geneticisation and medicalisation are problematic, insofar as they embody a simplistic and negative understanding of medical activities and they prevent a sociological inquiry into the technical content of genetic practices.
Medical pedigrees are visual tools used to translate family problems into visual inscriptions, in order to show the genetic nature of a given disease. The use of medical pedigrees in genetic counselling and research rests on a chain of genetic practices including the inscription of family trees, the standardisation of medical pedigrees, the combination of specialised forms of medical pedigrees with other diagnostic inscriptions, and the circulation of published pedigrees. The analysis is based on a genealogical approach, as built on a combination of historical and ethnographic methods. The genealogical approach was applied to the analysis of a long network of genetic practices centred on Huntington's disease. The analysis spans over 120 years and compares two different international settings (North America and Japan).
The thesis examines how lay support group members and family members collect family narratives, family inscriptions and family trees, which were first translated by genetic counsellors into various forms of medical pedigrees, and then circulated as educational material among lay and medical practitioners. On the basis of these case studies, the conclusion is reached that the notion of geneticisation should be understood as a specific process resulting from an emerging cooperative practice between medical practitioners and lay support group members, rather than as a process of medicalisation.
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Brown, Harry J. "Injun Joe's ghost : a genealogy of the Native American mixed blood in American popular fiction /". Diss., 2002. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3073951.
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Takahata, Kimberly. "Skeletal Testimony: Bony Biopolitics in the Early Atlantic". Thesis, 2020. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-k628-zq42.
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“Skeletal Testimony: Bony Biopolitics in the Early Atlantic” argues that colonial descriptions of Indigenous remains throughout the Atlantic World compose two archives: textual representations and physical remains. Because these remains explicitly demonstrate a relationship between embodied life and writing, they enable analysis of how settler writers depicted them and how Indigenous communities care for them. Emphasizing these moments through what I term “skeletal testimony,” I ask the question: what care resulted in the appearance of these remains, and how does this recognition change how we read these texts? Examining reports, histories, natural histories, speeches, poems, and engravings from New England through Suriname, I establish how colonial authors used formalized conventions of natural history empiricism and firsthand narration to represent Indigenous remains as collectible bones, often citing and reproducing one another’s work throughout the eighteenth-century Anglophone colonies. These descriptions figure remains as arising naturally and spontaneously from the landscape, enabling colonists to claim land and histories as they erase living Indigenous persons from these spaces.
However, without pointed and prolonged physical care, many of these remains would have disappeared. By identifying the tension between this physical preservation and textual descriptions, I contend that these remains always attest to communities and carework, constituting a structural grounding to colonial texts, even as they attempt to obscure such relations. This emphasis in turn facilitates “narrative repatriation,” in which these narratives can be formally and thematically returned from colonial texts to ongoing histories of Indigenous life, a process most clearly demonstrated by formal reworkings and textual citations by Indigenous writers like William Apess. Because this reclaiming does not require political or historical recognition by colonial persons (a contrast to physical repatriation), narrative repatriation thus serves as a creative process of returning and belonging. Ultimately, “Skeletal Testimony” reckons with erasures—real and supposed—of colonial archives, providing a model for navigating settler colonial texts across the Atlantic World. I recalibrate how we do “early American literary studies” by insisting that we must always think about texts and bodies together, mobilizing this relationship to contribute to interdisciplinary conversations about how to respect Indigenous relations between the living and the dead.
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Schwier, Ryan T. "“ACCORDING TO THE CUSTOM OF THE COUNTRY”: INDIAN MARRIAGE, PROPERTY RIGHTS, AND LEGAL TESTIMONY IN THE JURISDICTIONAL FORMATION OF INDIANA SETTLER SOCIETY, 1717-1897". Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/2723.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)This study examines the history of Indian-settler legal relations in Indiana, from the state’s pre-territorial period to the late-nineteenth century. Through a variety of interdisciplinary sources and methods, the author constructs a broad narrative on the evolution and co-existence of Native and non-Native customary legal systems in the region, focusing on matters related to marriage, property rights, and testimony. The primary thesis—which emphasizes reciprocally formative relations, rather than persistent conflict—suggests that Indiana’s pre-modern legal past involved an ad hoc yet highly effective process of cultural brokerage, reciprocity and inter-personal accommodation. That the American Indians lost much of their self-governing status following the period of contact is clear; however, a closer look at the ways in which nations historically defined, exercised, asserted, and shared jurisdiction, reveals a more intricate story of influence, authority, and concession. During the French and British colonial and American territorial periods, settler society adjusted to and often accommodated Native concepts of law and justice. Through a complex order of social obligations and community-based enforcement mechanisms, a shared set of rules and jurisdictional practices merged, forming a hybrid system of Indian-settler norms that bound these individuals across the cultural divide. When Indiana entered the Union in 1816, legal pluralism defined jurisdictional practice. However, with the nineteenth-century rise of legal positivism—the idea of law as the sole command of the nation-state, a sovereign entity vested with exclusive authority—territorial jurisdiction and legal uniformity became guiding principles. Many jurists viewed the informal, pre-existing custom-based regulatory structures with contempt. With the shift to a state-centered legal order, lawmakers established strict standards for recognizing the law of the “other,” ultimately rejecting the status of the tribes as equal sovereigns and forcing them to concede jurisdiction to the settler polity.
Livros sobre o assunto "Colonists – North America – Genealogy"
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Bangs, Jeremy Dupertuis. Indian deeds: Land transactions in Plymouth Colony, 1620-1691. Boston: New England Historic Genealogical Society, 2002.
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1919-, Blake Marcelline Abrego, Blake John Henry 1941- e Northrop Marie E, eds. Anza colonizing families of Alta California, 1776: In honor of our native North American grandmothers and grandfathers and their children who were the Spanish Mestizo military families that braved the Anza Trail to Alta California. [Calif.?]: M.A. Blake, 2000.
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Adelrich, Steinach, e Schelbert Urspeter 1952-, eds. Swiss colonists in 19th century America. Camden, Me: Picton Press, 1995.
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Chapman, R. Austin. A history of the Cassada-McKiver ancestral lineages: Their migrations from Scotland, England, and Ireland to the New England and British North America colonies (ca. 1560-2009). Anthem, Ariz: R. Austin Chapman, 2012.
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Campbell, Gwen. McGuffins in North America. Keno, OR (P.O. Box 507, Keno 97627): Solo Press, 1993.
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Caverly, Paul Ralph. Caverlys of North America. Brampton, Ont: Paul R. Caverly, 2008.
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Lumsden, John F. Lumsdens of North America. Columbus, MS: Parlance Pub., 2009.
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Houser, Nannie Ellis. Poetker families in North America. [Tamarac, Fla.]: N.E. Houser, 1993.
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Dobson, David. The original Scots colonists of early America, 1612-1783. Baltimore, Md: Genealogical Pub. Co., 1989.
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Hakluyt, Richard. The first colonists: Hakluyt's voyages to North America : a modern version. London: Folio Society, 1986.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteCapítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Colonists – North America – Genealogy"
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Bushman, Richard Lyman. "Family Mobility". In The American Farmer in the Eighteenth Century. Yale University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300226737.003.0010.
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In many parts of North America in the eighteenth century, as many as 40% of the people in a given area would move over the course of a decade, heading for frontier areas or cities where their prospects were better. Highly mobile farm families though common but are hard to trace because few names were unique. It is hard to know if a name in a new town’s records is the same person as the name in a former town. Lincoln family genealogy is useful in illustrating how moving families fared. Lincoln’s first American ancestors arrived in Hingham, Massachusetts, in 1637 and by the end of the century began to migrate, first to the Middle Colonies and later to Virginia, Kentucky, Indiana, and Illinois. They were motivated by the need for additional land for their offspring. For the most part they succeeded, although President Lincoln’s grandfather Abraham did not. He was killed by Indians, and his son Thomas, Lincoln’s father, never flourished despite multiple moves. President Lincoln gave up on farming and chose to make his living as a postmaster, lawyer, and politician.
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"HSBC North America". In Genealogy of American Finance, 148–53. Columbia University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/wrig17026-027.
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Van Horn, Jennifer. "Masquerading as Colonists". In Power of Objects in Eighteenth-Century British America. University of North Carolina Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469629568.003.0005.
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This chapter studies a series of portraits of young women dressed for the masquerade, completed by English artist John Wollaston in Charleston, South Carolina. Although Wollaston painted the sitters in historic costume appropriate for a public masked ball, no masquerades were held in the British North American colonies. Instead, these fictional portrayals allowed colonial women to vicariously participate in the sexually riotous assemblies. For male colonists, the paintings underlined the need to contain women’s sexuality. In a colonial environment, many feared women’s proximity to native Americans would spur savage behaviors and compromise civil society. Most of the portraits feature young women about to be married, connecting their masked visages with the metaphor of a woman in courtship who masked her affections to attain the best husband. Wollaston’s adoption of mask iconography also resonates with the tumultuous 1760s, marked by the growing political crisis between Great Britain and her American colonies, when colonists questioned the nature of their identity as imperial subjects and feared British duplicity.
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"BENEFICIARIES OF CATASTROPHE: THE ENGLISH COLONISTS IN AMERICA". In Diversity and Unity in Early North America, 195–211. Routledge, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203991640-17.
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Hadden, Sally E. "Gun Laws in Early America". In New Histories of Gun Rights and Regulation, 77–96. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197748473.003.0005.
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Abstract Scholars readily assume that early America guns laws focused purely on military readiness and community defense. However, analysis of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century enactments reveals that European colonists in North America created conflicting, contradictory laws for multiple reasons affecting gun ownership, control, and use. Economic advantages competed with personal protection, for human foes (pirates, Native Americans enemies, Spanish or French imperial rivals) were not their sole targets; Southern colonists also hunted deer for profit and wolves for bounties. Native allies (voluntarily) and African slaves (involuntarily) might also do so on their behalf, frequently without White participation or supervision. Armed slaves were even briefly inducted into South Carolina’s militia as imperial defenders, and armed Native Americans proved skillful in producing skins for export, a major source of trade income. But equipping Natives and enslaved people with guns brought Southern colonists into conflict with each other. Armed and hostile Natives and slaves constituted security threats to colonists. Thus, colonial laws veered between priorities of arming, controlling, or disarming gun owners, particularly Native American and enslaved gun users as well as vagrants. White legislatures applied gun control laws to specific groups, influenced by racism and assumptions about what constituted civilization (hunting versus farming). Driven by profit, reckless colonists evaded disarming laws and continued to provide weapons to slaves or Natives, dangerously increasing White community vulnerability.
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"“THE CUSTOMES OF OUR COUNTREY”: INDIANS AND COLONISTS IN EARLY AMERICA". In Diversity and Unity in Early North America, 65–91. Routledge, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203991640-9.
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Helzer, John e., kathleen bucholz, e leen Robins. "Five Communities in the United States: Results of the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Survey". In Alcoholism in North America, Europe, and Asia, 71–96. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195050905.003.0006.
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Abstract We begin this chapter with a brief review of the history of alcohol use in the United States. This will help place the findings from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area survey, presented below, into context. Historical Overview Some families excel in the method of brewing beer with strange variety of ingredients. Here we commonly make it with pine chips, pine buds, hemlock for leaves, roasted corn, dried apple skins, sassafras roots and bran. With these, to which we add some hops and a little malt, we compose a sort of beverage which is very pleasant (Hector St. John de Crevecoeur, p. 298). The resourcefulness of early colonists in producing alcohol attested to the integral role it played in their lives. In addition to using alcohol for nourishment and medicinal purposes, the colonists served alcohol at social gatherings: weddings, funerals, and even the ordination of ministers (Levine, 1978; Ames, 1985; Caddy, 1983). Alcohol in the form of rum had an important economic role as well. Distilled from inexpensive imported molasses, rum became a major trading item for New England merchants. Historians estimate that the region exported as much as 600,000 gallons of rum per year, making huge profits for distillers (Lender & Martin, 1982).
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Barr, Daniel. "The Idea of Peace in North America from Precontact to 1780". In The Oxford Handbook of Peace History, C10.P1—C10.N38. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197549087.013.10.
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Abstract This chapter offers an overview of efforts to cultivate and maintain peace in America from the late prehistoric era through the early republic. Prior to European contact, Native peoples in eastern North America developed their own ideas of peace and peacemaking. During the early seventeenth century, Native protocols governed peacemaking between Indian nations and the English colonists, but conflicts over land often rendered peace untenable. By the late seventeenth century, the colonists’ land greed and English demands for Indian subordination had altered Native ideas of peace and resulted in a world characterized by conflict rather than cooperation. This chapter will examine specific events to assess the motivations of peacemakers in North America, examine the various forces that sustained and/or subverted peace, and uncover the possibilities by which peace could have more successfully endured.
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Sleeper-Smith, Susan. "Native America after 1763". In The Oxford Handbook of the Seven Years' War, 519–36. Oxford University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197622605.013.21.
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Abstract The Seven Years’ War changed the dynamics of Indigenous-Euro-American interaction. In sparsely settled regions, like the Great Lakes, Native people continued to play Great Britain against the Spanish and later, against the US. While French North America appeared to offer British leaders limitless possibilities for economic expansion the massive debt Britain acquired as a result of the war forced drastic reductions in imperial expenditures. Pontiac’s Rebellion vividly demonstrated that Indigenous people were not a conquered nation and in response, Britain issued the Proclamation Line of 1763. But by recognizing the sovereign status of Indigenous nations the British openly alienated English colonists. Excluding settler colonists from the Trans-Appalachian frontier inflamed resentment of British authority and inspired rebellion. The drastic reduction in military expenditures left Britain unable to enforce this boundary between White and Indigenous societies. Ongoing settler intrusions hindered later British attempts to secure Indigenous allies during the Revolutionary War.
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Stasavage, David. "Democracy—and Slavery—in America". In The Decline and Rise of Democracy, 225–55. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691177465.003.0010.
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This chapter explores how Americans, as a result of an intellectual effervescence, created a modern democratic state that spread to the rest of the European world. It highlights the democracy in America that emerged from earlier British ideas transplanted into a new environment. It also shows how the same underlying conditions that produced democracy for white colonists also encouraged the invention and expansion of chattel slavery. The chapter charts the development of popular assemblies in colonial America and looks into alternative interpretations of why colonial American institutions resembled early democracy. It talks about Bernard Bailyn who observed that colonial assemblies were a British practice that refracted to reflect North American conditions.
Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Colonists – North America – Genealogy"
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Тимонин, М. А. "EPISODES OF THE PAMPHLET WAR: EXPERIENCE IN STUDYING CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL PREREQUISITES INDEPENDENCE OF THE USA". In ИНСТИТУТЫ ЗАЩИТЫ ПРАВ ЧЕЛОВЕКА И ГРАЖДАНИНА В ИСТОРИИ РОССИИ. Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56777/lawinn.2023.27.52.016.
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Актуальной задачей отечественной историко-правовой науки на современном этапе ее развития является выработка нового взгляда на предысторию США. Целью работы является анализ процесса формирования конституционно-правовых предпосылок независимости США, в том числе, борьбы колонистов за неукоснительное соблюдение одного из принципов британской конституции на территории Северной Америки, выраженного лозунгом - нет налогов без представительства. Исследование позволило выявить незавершенность британского конституционного права на всех его уровнях, включая право самой метрополии и её колоний. Чем и воспользовались лидеры американских патриотов, которые к своей выгоде использовали как неустойчивость, так и неопределенность правоотношений, сложившихся между имперским центром и колониями. An urgent task of the national historical and legal science at the present stage of its development is to develop a new look at the prehistory of the United States. The purpose of the work is to analyze the process of formation of the constitutional and legal prerequisites for the independence of the United States, including the struggle of the colonists for strict observance of one of the principles of the British Constitution in North America, expressed by the slogan - no taxes without representation. The study revealed the incompleteness of British constitutional law at all its levels, including the law of the metropolis itself and its colonies. This was what the leaders of the American patriots took advantage of, who used to their advantage both the instability and the uncertainty of the legal relations that had developed between the imperial center and the colonies.
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Fatima Hajizada, Fatima Hajizada. "SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE AMERICAN VERSION OF THE BRITISH LANGUAGE". In THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC – PRACTICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE IN MODERN & SOCIAL SCIENCES: NEW DIMENSIONS, APPROACHES AND CHALLENGES. IRETC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/mssndac-01-10.
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English is one of the most spoken languages in the world. A global language communication is inherent in him. This language is also distinguished by a significant diversity of dialects and speech. It appeared in the early Middle Ages as the spoken language of the Anglo-Saxons. The formation of the British Empire and its expansion led to the widespread English language in Asia, Africa, North America and Australia. As a result, the Metropolitan language became the main communication language in the English colonies, and after independence it became State (USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand) and official (India, Nigeria, Singapore). Being one of the 6 Official Languages of the UN, it is studied as a foreign language in educational institutions of many countries in the modern time [1, 2, s. 12-14]. Despite the dozens of varieties of English, the American (American English) version, which appeared on the territory of the United States, is one of the most widespread. More than 80 per cent of the population in this country knows the American version of the British language as its native language. Although the American version of the British language is not defined as the official language in the US Federal Constitution, it acts with features and standards reinforced in the lexical sphere, the media and the education system. The growing political and economic power of the United States after World War II also had a significant impact on the expansion of the American version of the British language [3]. Currently, this language version has become one of the main topics of scientific research in the field of linguistics, philology and other similar spheres. It should also be emphasized that the American version of the British language paved the way for the creation of thousands of words and expressions, took its place in the general language of English and the world lexicon. “Okay”, “teenager”, “hitchhike”, “landslide” and other words can be shown in this row. The impact of differences in the life and life of colonists in the United States and Great Britain on this language was not significant either. The role of Nature, Climate, Environment and lifestyle should also be appreciated here. There is no officially confirmed language accent in the United States. However, most speakers of national media and, first of all, the CNN channel use the dialect “general American accent”. Here, the main accent of “mid Pppemestern” has been guided. It should also be noted that this accent is inherent in a very small part of the U.S. population, especially in Nebraska, Iowa, and Illinois. But now all Americans easily understand and speak about it. As for the current state of the American version of the British language, we can say that there are some hypotheses in this area. A number of researchers perceive it as an independent language, others-as an English variant. The founder of American spelling, American and British lexicographer, linguist Noah Pondebster treats him as an independent language. He also tried to justify this in his work “the American Dictionary of English” written in 1828 [4]. This position was expressed by a Scottish-born English philologist, one of the authors of the “American English Dictionary”Sir Alexander Craigie, American linguist Raven ioor McDavid Jr. and others also confirm [5]. The second is the American linguist Leonard Bloomfield, one of the creators of the descriptive direction of structural linguistics, and other American linguists Edward Sapir and Charles Francis Hockett. There is also another group of “third parties” that accept American English as a regional dialect [5, 6]. A number of researchers [2] have shown that the accent or dialect in the US on the person contains significantly less data in itself than in the UK. In Great Britain, a dialect speaker is viewed as a person with a low social environment or a low education. It is difficult to perceive this reality in the US environment. That is, a person's speech in the American version of the British language makes it difficult to express his social background. On the other hand, the American version of the British language is distinguished by its faster pace [7, 8]. One of the main characteristic features of the American language array is associated with the emphasis on a number of letters and, in particular, the pronunciation of the letter “R”. Thus, in British English words like “port”, “more”, “dinner” the letter “R” is not pronounced at all. Another trend is related to the clear pronunciation of individual syllables in American English. Unlike them, the Britons “absorb”such syllables in a number of similar words [8]. Despite all these differences, an analysis of facts and theoretical knowledge shows that the emergence and formation of the American version of the British language was not an accidental and chaotic process. The reality is that the life of the colonialists had a huge impact on American English. These processes were further deepened by the growing migration trends at the later historical stage. Thus, the language of the English-speaking migrants in America has been developed due to historical conditions, adapted to the existing living environment and new life realities. On the other hand, the formation of this independent language was also reflected in the purposeful policy of the newly formed US state. Thus, the original British words were modified and acquired a fundamentally new meaning. Another point here was that the British acharism, which had long been out of use, gained a new breath and actively entered the speech circulation in the United States. Thus, the analysis shows that the American version of the British language has specific features. It was formed and developed as a result of colonization and expansion. This development is still ongoing and is one of the languages of millions of US states and people, as well as audiences of millions of people. Keywords: American English, English, linguistics, accent.