Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Colonial fund"
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1
Leathers, David M. "Against the Grain: The IMF, Bread Riots, and Altered State Development in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1200.
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Since the end of World War II, and especially over the past three decades, there has been a dramatic increase of interactions between international financial institutions (IFIs) and states. This paper will explore these interactions by examining the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). This paper rests on the assumption that the complex implications of these interactions are not yet comprehensively understood and will move towards that goal by setting forth a collection of new approaches to further understand IFI-state interaction. It will discuss Jordan’s economic and political history, structural adjustment policies implemented by the IMF, and responses and consequences of such policy on economic, cultural, and political dimensions. Then, theories on sovereignty, identity, nationalism and colonialism will be applied to Jordan-IMF interaction in order to suggest new ways of understanding the implications of IFI-state interaction.
2
Marroni, Maria Luísa de Castro. "Os outros e a construção da escola colonial portuguesa no Boletim Geral das Colónias : (1925-1951)". Dissertação, Porto : [Edição de Autor], 2008. http://aleph.letras.up.pt/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&request=000189966.
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Fewings, Catherine Shu-fen (Yu). "Japanese colonial language education in Taiwan and assimilation, 1895-1945". Curtin University of Technology, Department of Language and Intercultural Education, 2004. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=15269.
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This thesis explores the subject of Japanese colonial language education in Taiwan and assimilation between 1895 and 1945. It examines the overall nature of Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan through its colonial policies, followed by a review of the history of Japanese colonial language education in Taiwan, the investigation of the Japanese colonial position on language education and assimilation, the establishment of the implementation of Japanese language education in Taiwan in areas of teaching methodologies and textbook compilation, and the determination of the effects of Japanese language education on assimilation in Taiwan. The thesis further seeks to determine the link between a Taiwanese identity and the Taiwanese who were ruled and educated under Japanese colonial rule. The views of both the elite and common Taiwanese who lived through the colonial era are examined.The aim of this thesis is to test the hypothesis whether Japanese colonial education in Taiwan achieved assimilation among the Taiwanese as claimed by Japanese colonial authorities. Through the official facts and figures provided by Japanese colonial authorities, they seemed to prove a successful case of assimilation among the Taiwanese. However, through close scrutiny of these official facts and figures and reality backed up by the oral accounts of the Taiwanese and conscientious observations by the Japanese, it is found that the claims made by Japanese colonial authorities in the case of assimilation through Japanese language education are highly contestable. By interviewing those who experienced Japanese language education during the colonial period, further insights into the formation of post-colonial Taiwanese identities are gained. This study contributes to studies on Taiwans subsequent socio-linguistic developments in the post-colonial period.
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Thompson, Guy. "'Native' policy in colonial Zimbabwe, 1923-1938". Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56911.
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In the period between the granting of self-government in 1923 and 1938, the 'native' policy formulated by Europeans in colonial Zimbabwe had three dimensions. The first was a land and agricultural policy designed to restrict competition from Africans in the produce market. The second was a labour policy addressed at the chronic labour shortages in the European mining and agricultural sectors. The third was a series of control measures seeking to impede black political organization. The goals of these policies were largely achieved by 1938 due to a combination of government initiatives and the impact of the depression. Part of this success was directly due to the effects of the depression; as economic conditions improved, Africans regained some of their economic autonomy and reasserted themselves politically.
5
Da, Silva Bernadette A. (Bernadette Ann). "The post-colonial state : Uganda 1962-1971". Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66068.
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Ferraz, Susana. "Espaço público de Luanda : património arquitectónico colonial angolano e português". Dissertação, Porto : FAUP, 2005. http://catalogo.up.pt/F?func=find-b&local_base=UPB01&find_code=SYS&request=000105891.
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Pacheco, Carmen. "O pensamento económico colonial de António Lobo Almada Negreiros : (1868-1939)". Dissertação, Porto : [Edição do Autor], 2004. http://aleph.letras.up.pt/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&request=000162875.
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Desbarats, Catherine M. (Catherine Macleod). "Colonial government finances in New France, 1700-1750". Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41576.
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This thesis considers government finances in New France during the first half of the eighteenth century. By looking directly at government accounts from Canada and l'Ile Royale, and at the administrative structures which gave rise to them, it seeks to reconcile ostensibly rival quantitative and 'administrative' approaches to the literature on France's Ancien regime finances. Evidence is found to suggest that colonial finances emerged as an integral part of French naval finances, not as a result of deliberate policy, but as a by-product of the continued presence of naval troops in the colonies and of the early failure of the Domaine d'Occident to generate net revenue flows to France. Especially in the case of Canada, the accounts of the colonial branch of the naval treasury do not yield a continuous series of figures. Nonetheless, they provide ranges for the size, distribution and changes through time of government expenditure in the colonies, as well as indications of its importance relative to the general level of economic activity, and of the net cost to France of running its North American colonies.
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Silva, Fortunato Carvalhido da. "Representações do outro nas exposições coloniais : discursividade e reflexão museológica". Tese, Porto : [Edição do Autor], 2012. http://aleph.letras.up.pt/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&request=000225575.
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Este estudo diz respeito a investigação desenvolvida sobre as exposições de tipo colonial em Portugal, no período compreendido entre as duas Guerras Mundiais, procura demonstrar uma forma diferente de abordar "a representação do outro", segundo urn modelo crítico e que se enquadra num posicionamento póscolonial. O fenómeno das exposições que se difundiu pelo mundo ocidental, e sobre os quais existem diversos estudos, não passou despercebido em Portugal levando-o a realizar a Exposição Colonial do Porto (1934) e a Exposição Mundo Português (1940). Foram acontecimentos marcantes, locais "efémeros" (Greenhalgh, 1988), espaços característicos da "era imperial" (Hoffenberg, 2001 ), locais privilegiados que abordaram temas como Cultura, Nação e Raça, consagrando urn novo discurso colonial, moldando o indivíduo as necessidades e objetivos do novo estado. É enquadrado neste contexto que se desenrolou este estudo que aprofunda a análise ao discurso colonial e ideológico, gerador de uma representação distinta. Uma das vertentes relevantes do póscolonialismo e do discurso colonial são as relações da ideo1ogia e poder, vertentes que estarão no centro de todo o debate, atraves da memória cultural registada em textos e imagens da época. Para a análise da relação do discurso e ideologia com a vertente expositiva, e adequada a utilização de uma metodologia que faça a contextualização das relações sociais e culturais, e nao apenas uma análise visual ou uma análise literária dos conteúdos, com estas preocupações desenvolveu-se a adaptação de urn modelo, o de Thompson (1990). Este estudo espera trazer novas retlexões sobre a construção do discurso colonial e a memória cultural, utilizando uma metodologia com potencial para analisar o passado mas tambem o presente e o futuro (Thompson, 1995); algo essencial a museologia e no caso em concreto, a análise de imagem e texto. [...]
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Chowdhury, Rashed. "Negotiating identity : the Shī'ite ulama and the colonial state in Iraq, 1914-1924". Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99581.
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This thesis deals with the political role of the Shi`te ulama in Iraq between the British invasion of 1914 and the expulsion of leading Shi`ite mujtahids from Iraq by King Fayṣal I in 1924. The thesis argues that the conception of identity propagated by the Shi`te mujtahids underwent a transformation during this period. Whereas the mujtahids stressed the need for Islamic unity and encouraged an Iraqi national identity in the early years of this period, in later years some of them formulated a sect-based Iraqi Shi`ite identity in response to discrimination in favour of Sunnis by the monarchy.
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Madhani, Taslim. "Constructions of Muslim identity : women and the education reform movement in colonial India". Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98555.
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This thesis examines educational reforms initiated by British colonial officials in late nineteenth/early twentieth century India and the responses they ensued from Indian Muslim reformers. Focusing on the "woman question," British colonizers came to the conviction that the best method to "civilize" Indian society was to educate women according to modern Western standards. Muslim reformers sought to resolve the "woman question" for themselves by combining their own ideologies of appropriate female education with Western ones. Muslim reformers were also deeply concerned with the disappearance of Islamic identity owing to colonial educational policies. Reformers placed the responsibility of maintaining Islamic culture on the shoulders of women so as to both resolve the debate over the proper place of women in society and retain a distinct Islamic identity in the changing Indian context. This resolution limited Indian Muslim women's access to education as well as their participation in Indian society at large.
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Daale, Peter. "Colonial, economic rationalist, or collegial? : Indonesian business leaders' perceptions (2001) of G7 behaviour /". Curtin University of Technology, Graduate School of Business, 2003. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=14774.
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This research project aims to determine Indonesian business leaders perceptions of G7 behaviour towards Indonesia after Independence (1945/1949), at a time when the country is experiencing a severe financial and economic crisis (1997-2001). Is G7 behaviour considered colonial, economic rationalist, or collegial? Additionally, Indonesian business leaders' perceptions of economic and social development in Indonesia are measured, exploring a possible connection with perception of G7 behaviour. Within the context of this project, the researcher assumes that attitudes in Indonesia are significantly shaped by the impact of' an increasingly competitive and sophisticated global free-trade environment today versus one of exploitation and domination under past European colonial rule. The research questions on which the project is based emerged after detailed consideration of a large and varied number of publications concerning related historical and contemporary socio-economic, political issues and examination of recent inter-country comparative performance indicators (1996 to 2000). The background for the research project is framed within the context of Modern World-Systems theory which rose to prominence in the early 1970s, earlier theories about Intentional Underdevelopment, Dependency and Geography, and the more recent hypothesis on Enlightenment and Institutions theory, all attempting to explain why some countries are so poor and others are not. An exploratory study (Study 1) precedes the positivist research paradigm of the principal study (Study 2 - Stages 1 & 2), which is comprised of a pilot and a final stage.The theoretical model put forward and corresponding final stage VIII cross-sectional survey data of the second study are subjected to structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis, to test hypotheses and theory about the associations between theoretical constructs of the model. SEM is a relatively new multivariate technique, which combines aspects of multiple regression and factor analysis. The results of the research show that the impact of colonial rule; the associated exploitation and consequent poverty are still remembered by Indonesian business leaders and as such may have the potential to negatively impact on bi-lateral and multi-lateral negotiations for much needed structural reform in Indonesia, particularly if key influential participants (such as the G7 and the international institutions they control) ignore historical legacies and associated cross-cultural sensitivities. Final stage results provided strong support for two out of the five key hypotheses offered. The findings clearly suggesting that intensifying G7 behaviour as defined in this thesis would invariably further heighten existing perceptions of colonial behaviour. Less encouraging test results were obtained for the remaining hypotheses and overall only qualified support could be given to the proposed theory.
The extent of which can be summarized as: "G7 behaviour is perceived as colonial, by Indonesian business leaders, and is significantly influenced by their perception of social development in Indonesia ". The research project was conceived in the absence of scholarly investigations into the historical impact of colonialism in Indonesia on present day attitudes and cultural values with respect to ready acceptance of predominantly Western concepts of globalisation, free trade, open markets and the need for crucial reform. Reforms, which often are imposed on developing nations during times of crisis by way of IMF - Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAP), harshly impacting on local populations.
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Filipovich, Jean 1947. "The Office du Niger under colonial rule : its origin, evolution, and character, 1920-1960". Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=67462.
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The Office du Niger irrigation scheme, located on the Niger River in the Republic of Mali, originated in a grandiose but seriously flawed proposal devised in 1920 by a French colonial Public Works engineer named Emile Bélime. Originaly conceived as a means of transforming the Niger Valley into a cotton belt, and later promoted as the heart of a French West African granary, the scheme never attained more than a tiny fraction of its presumed agricultural potential. Its construction and exploitation required the forced uprooting of tens of thousands of Africans. It absorbed a large portion of scarce colonial revenues until after the Second World War and generated no profits. During the inter-war period, the Office du Niger gradually acquired the de facto status of a state within the State, with Emile Bélime at its head. When the scheme was finally recognized as an economic and humanitarian failure in 1945, colonial authorities endeavoured to eliminate its worst shortcomings and give it a new identity as a prototype of economic and technical assistance to an underdeveloped area. After 1961, Malian leaders felt that the scheme could be used as a pilot project for agricultural development in the new republlc, and the scheme's existence has dictated the course of Malian agricultural policy ever since.Le projet d'irrigation de l'Office du Niger, situé dans le delta intérieur du Niger au Mali, est né d'une proposition très insuffisante mais grandiose conçue en 1920 par un ingénieur des Travaux Publics Coloniaux, Émile Bélime. Conçu à l'origine comme un moyen de transformer la Vallée du Niger en une vaste plantation de coton, et envisagé par la suite comme le grenier central de l'Afrique Occidentale, ce projet n'a jamais atteint qu'une petite partie de son potentiel agricole espéré. Sa réalisation et sa mise en exploitation on nécessité le déracinement par contrainte de dizaines de milliers d'Africains. Même après la deuxième guerre mondiale, le projet a absorbé encore une grande partie des revenus coloniaux, déjà limités, mais il n'a généré aucun revenu. Pendant l'entre-deux-guerres, l'Office du Niger a acqui petit à petit le statut de facto d'un état dans l'État, dirigé par Émile Bélime. En 1945, quand le projet a été finalement reconnu comme une échec sur le plan économique et humanitaire, les autorités coloniales ont essayé de corriger les erreurs les plus graves et lui ont accordé le nouveau statu de prototype pour d'autres projets d'assistance économique et technique aux régions sous-développées. En 1961, le Gouvernement du Mali, qui avait récemment accédé à l'indépendance, pensait en faire un projet pilote pour le développement agricole du pays. Sa réalisation détermine encore aujourd'hui la politique agricole du Mali. fr
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Snively, Judith. "Female bodies, male politics : women and the female circumcision controversy in Kenyan colonial discourse". Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26124.
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At the end of the 1920s in Kenya, Protestant Missionaries, government authorities and Christian Kikuyu clashed when missionaries sought to prohibit female circumcision among their adherents. The mission discourse emphasised the negative moral and physical effects of female circumcision on individual women, while that of the government stressed the function of female circumcision in maintaining the body-politic. The colonial discourse, as whole, is marked by a striking division between issues concerning women and those deemed political. Thus, women seldom appear as actors in historical narratives of the female circumcision controversy, which is generally represented as a nationalist movement initiated by, and of concern to, men.This thesis presents alternate readings of the relevant colonial records. By examining the processes that functioned to exclude women from the political discourse it provides a different interpretation of the controversy as one in which women did indeed play a central political role, indirectly controlling the issue through men, who were regarded by the colonialists as the legitimate representatives of tribal interests. The thesis explores indirect methods of eliciting the perspectives of women which are muted or absent from the historical record.
15
Pickles, Catherine Gillian. "Representing twentieth century Canadian colonial identity : the Imperial Order Daughters of the Empire (IODE)". Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40227.
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Colonialism in twentieth century Canada has operated as a totalizing discourse, administered not by the force of a colonizing power, but by the mimicry of descendants from the constructed British imperial centre. These anglo-celtic descendants built a colonial identity that in its ideal manifestation asserted universal dominance and control, demanding that all difference assimilate or cease to exist. The Imperial Order Daughters of the Empire (IODE), a Canadian women's patriotic organization formed in 1900 and still in existence, is used to represent this colonial identity; a hegemonic process that was constantly changing, and produced in a recursive relationship to the threats and resistance that, at specific moments, challenged its composition. Tracing the historical/cultural geography of the IODE reveals the shifting focus of Canadian identity from imperial space to national space. This shift was produced in a multiplicity of geographic locations that offer a complicated challenge to theories of 'public' and 'private', of masculine and feminine and the 'everyday' and the 'theoretical'. Archival sources from across Canada, interviews with members of the IODE provide the primary sources.
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Ruswan, 1968. "Colonial experience and muslim educational reforms : a comparison of the Aligarh and the Muhammadiyah movements". Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27968.
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This thesis is a comparative study of the educational reforms initiated by the Aligarh and Muhammadiyah movements in India and Indonesia respectively. It covers three main points: Ahmad Khan's and Ahmad Dahlan's educational philosophy; the educational system of the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College (MAOC) and Muhammadiyah schools; and the impact of the educational reforms of the two movements to Muslim education in general in the two countries. As will be explained in this thesis, Ahmad Khan and Ahmad Dahlan were deeply concerned with economic and social problems faced by the Muslims due to colonial policies. Both scholars came to the conviction that education was one of the most important ways to solve those problems. The two scholars, therefore, each contrived to design a new system of education for Muslims, which would produce graduates capable of meeting the new demands of the changing socio-political context while retaining their faith. Their ideas were eventually realized in the establishment of the MAOC and the Muhammadiyah schools, respectively. Even though these two institutions were unable to satisfy all Muslim aspirations, they succeeded in making Muslims in India and Indonesia aware of the need for pragmatic education, which was to contribute to the empowerment of Muslims in the colonial era.
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Schulman, Gwendolyn. "Colonial education for African girls in Afrique occidentale française : a project for gender reconstruction, 1819-1960". Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56913.
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This thesis is a survey of the development of religious and secular colonial education for African girls and women in Afrique Occidentale Francaise, from 1819 to 1960. The historiography of colonial education in AOF has dismissed the education of African girls and women as they were numerically too insignificant to merit any special attention.This study argues that an examination of educational objectives, institutions and curricula provides a rare and valuable window on French colonial discourse on African women. It was a discourse fed by sexism and ethnocentrism, that ultimately intended to refashion women's gender identities and roles to approximate those prescribed by the French ideology of domesticity.
The system took the form of a number of domestic sciences training centres that aimed to change the very social definition of what constituted an African woman--to remake her according to the Euro-Christian, patriarchal ideal of mother, wife and housekeeper. Colonial educators argued that such a woman, especially in her role as mother, was the best conduit for the propagation of French mores, practices, and most importantly, submission to French hegemony.
The final decades of formal colonial rule in AOF saw the emergence of a small African male bourgeoisie. Members of this class, called "assimiles", accepted to varying degrees French language, lifestyle and values. This study further examines how many of them embraced the ideology of domesticity and became active in the debate on African women's education and the need to control and transform their gender identities.
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Teixeira, Lucineide da Silva. "Din?micas territoriais em Rond?nia : conflitos fundi?rios entorno do Projeto Integrado de Coloniza??o Sidney Gir?o (1970-2004)". Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2015. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/6264.
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Cette travail vise ? analyser le projet int?gr? colonisation (PIC) Sidney Girao, le r?sultat de l'action g?opolitique visant ? stimuler une utilisation plus productive des terres et la redirection des paysans ? une zone vide r?put?. La cons?quence imm?diate de cette action ?tait de la forte migration, qui a caus? la d?forestation et affect?es les populations qui occupaient traditionnellement la zone. Pour discipliner l'occupation et de pr?server le biome amazonien ?tait n?cessaire de proc?der ? la planification de l'utilisation des terres, o? le PIC Sidney Gir?o a ?t? entour? par des Terres Indiens et las Unit?s de Conservation. La cr?ation d'aires prot?g?es n'a pas suffi ? freiner les conflits agraires. Dans ce contexte, ont et? analys?es les conflits de l'occupation ill?gale des aires prot?g?es cr??es autour de la PIC Sidney Gir?o. L'absence de documents qui pourraient montrer comment les conflits fonciers se sont produits nous a conduit ? choisir la m?thodologie de l'histoire orale qui permet le contact avec des personnes impliqu?es dans le processus historique d'une enqu?te. D'apr?s les entrevues, il ?tait possible de montrer la mobilit? spatiale qui a favoris? l'?limination des aires prot?g?es et la cr?ation de nouvelles colonies. Gr?ce ? cette recherche, il a ?t? possible de montrer que l'absence d'une politique agraire qui a regard? les colons contribu? ? l'utilisation de sp?culation agraire. ?tant donn? que les aires prot?g?es ont ?t? cr??es pour r?pondre ? la pression sociale et que la demande de la banque pour le financement de projets d'infrastructure dans Rond?nia. Ainsi, il est conclu qu'il y avait peu d'int?r?t dans la protection des Terres Indiens et Unit?s de Conservation pour emp?cher l'occupation irr?guli?re.
A presente disserta??o tem por objetivo analisar o Projeto Integrado de Coloniza??o (PIC) Sidney Gir?o, fruto da a??o geopol?tica que visava estimular o uso mais produtivo da terra e o redirecionamento de camponeses a uma ?rea considerada vazia. A consequ?ncia imediata desta a??o foi a forte migra??o, que causou intenso desmatamento e afetou as popula??es que tradicionalmente ocupavam a regi?o. Para disciplinar a ocupa??o e preservar o bioma amaz?nico foi necess?rio realizar o ordenamento territorial, onde o PIC Sidney Gir?o ficou cercado por Terras Ind?genas e Unidades de Conserva??o. A cria??o das ?reas protegidas n?o foi suficiente para coibir a invas?o causando conflitos fundi?rios. Neste contexto, foram analisados os conflitos fundi?rios decorrentes da ocupa??o irregular sobre as ?reas protegidas criadas no entorno do PIC Sidney Gir?o. A escassez de documentos que pudessem mostrar como ocorreram os conflitos fundi?rios levou-nos a escolha da metodologia da Hist?ria Oral que possibilita entrar em contato com pessoas envolvidas no processo hist?rico investigado. A partir das entrevistas foi poss?vel mostrar a mobilidade espacial que favoreceu a supress?o das ?reas protegidas e a cria??o de novos assentamentos. Atrav?s desta pesquisa foi poss?vel mostrar que a aus?ncia de uma pol?tica agr?ria que assistisse os colonos contribuiu para o uso especulativo da terra. Tendo em vista que as ?reas protegidas foram criadas para responder a uma press?o social e como exig?ncia banc?ria para os financiamentos de projetos de infraestrutura em Rond?nia. Desta forma, conclui-se que havia pouco interesse em proteger as Terras Ind?genas e as Unidades Conserva??o para evitar a ocupa??o irregular.
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Pierce, Alexandria 1949. "Imperialist intent - colonial response : the art collection and cultural milieu of Lord Strathcona in nineteenth-century Montreal". Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84197.
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This thesis addresses the nineteenth-century art collection of Donald Alexander Smith, Lord Strathcona (1820--1914), in relation to intersecting questions of imperialism, colonial relations, and cultural status. Both the formation of the collection and its dispersal are linked to a dialectic of cultural hegemony and national identity in nineteenth-century Canada. Smith came penniless to Montreal from Scotland in 1838, became the wealthiest man in Canada by the end of the century, and is known as Lord Strathcona after being raised to the peerage by Queen Victoria in 1897. My discussion of the rise and fall of Strathcona's collection is informed by postcolonial theory and its critical re-reading of imperialism. While British imperialism was the ideology that governed Strathcona's activities, Anthony Giddens's structuration theory is introduced to account for how personal agency remains operative within this dominant ideology.Strathcona formed a significant collection of European paintings and Asian art, which was, however, largely dispersed by the institution charged with its care, thus reducing its significance. Krzysztof Pomian's concept of collectors as select individuals who mediate symbolic cultural power through semiotic constructs provides an important methodological anchor for an analysis of the collector and his collection, as does Carol Duncan's work on the motivation to collect art and to structure cultural identity through control of museums. As well, the princely model of collecting reveals the humanist values operative throughout the centuries by comparison of Strathcona to the Medici in terms of the deployment of spectacle.
This thesis makes use of primary source materials to compare Strathcona's collection to several of his peers in order to place him in his cultural milieu during a time in Canadian history when Montreal was a British enclave in a French province. Analysis of fragmented primary source inventories, catalogues, personal letters, and records held by the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts and the National Archives of Canada, identification of paintings documented in the Notman photographs of 1914--1915, and my tracing of the public portraits of Strathcona by Robert Harris still on view in Montreal institutions allowed me to create useful inventories that previously did not exist.
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Riamit, Stanley. "Dissolving the pastoral commons, enhancing enclosures: commercialization, corruption and colonial continuities amongst Maasai pastoralists of Southern Kenya". Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=123174.
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AbstractMaasai pastoral landholdings presently collectively held and managed under group ranch tenure arrangement are increasingly under pressure to subdivide and privatize. Subsequent processes of defining, administering, allocating and securing land rights and associated resources within pastoral landholdings has remained largely contentious. The complex interplay between market forces, state bureaucracy (policy, legal and administrative framework), customary value systems and institutions in the process of allocating land rights against a backdrop of competing land-use options and mounting population pressure provides the setting for unpacking the dynamics of land related graft.This thesis presents new data to analyze emerging and increasing incidences of practices and activities that could generally be described as 'corrupt' in the process of subdivision and privatization of pastoral commons. Understanding the roles, interests and strategies of different social actors and institutions – local group ranch members, group ranch officials, ministry of lands officials, private sector investors (conservationists, tourism sector players, land surveyors, lawyers) - during the land subdivision processes, seen in the light of historical and current social, economic, and political trajectories, can help deepen our understanding of land related corruption and its likely impact on future land use trends and local livelihoods. In particular, community conservation initiatives driven by private sector investors, local community members' unfamiliarity with functioning of the state bureaucracy and personal agency in rent seeking tendencies inevitably have the strongest influence on social equity with respect to land and associated resources within the GR context.. However, the increase in land related graft is not a simple function of the shortfalls arising from market inequity and state inefficiency related outcomes. They are as much influenced by carry-over of practices of indigenous value systems on resource distribution based on reciprocity. These findings are relevant not only for Maji moto group ranch and group ranches adjacent to Maasai Mara game reserve, but also for pastoral livelihood and land-use options elsewhere in Kenya and sub-Saharan AfricaRésuméLes propriétés foncières pastorales Maasai actuellement détenues et gérées collectivement sous arrangement « mandat ranch de groupe sont de plus en plus sous pression de parcelisation et privatisation. Les processus ultérieurs de définition, d'administration, affectation et sécurisation des droits fonciers et des ressources connexes au sein de propriétés foncières pastorales sont restés largement controversés. L'interaction complexe entre les forces du marché, la bureaucratie d'État (politique, cadre juridique et administratif), les systèmes de valeurs et institutions coutumiers dans le processus d'allocation des droits fonciers dans un contexte d'options concurrentes d'utilisation des terres et la pression démographique offrent un cadre pour le déballage de la dynamique de corruption liée à la terre. Cette thèse présente de nouvelles données qui analysent l'émergence et l'augmentation de l'incidence des pratiques et des activités qui pourraient généralement être décrites comme «corrompues» dans le processus de lotissement et de privatisation des biens communs pastoraux Comprendre les rôles, intérêts et stratégies des différents acteurs sociaux et institutions - membres locaux du groupe de ranchs, responsables de ranchs, fonctionnaires du ministère des terres, investisseurs du secteur privé ( écologistes, acteurs du secteur du tourisme, arpenteurs-géomètres, avocats) - pendant le déroulement du processus de lotissement, considérés à la lumière des trajectoires sociales actuelles et historiques, économiques et politiques, peuvent aider à approfondir notre compréhension de la corruption liée à la terre et son impact probable sur les tendances futures d'utilisation des terres et des moyens de subsistance locaux. En particulier, les initiatives de conservation communautaires stimulées par les investisseurs du secteur privé, la méconnaissance du fonctionnement de la bureaucratie étatique par les membres des collectivités locales et les actions personnelles dans les efforts de recherche de rentes ont inévitablement une plus forte influence sur l'équité sociale par rapport à la terre et aux ressources associées dans le contexte GR. Cependant, l'augmentation des griefs liés à la terre ne provient pas simplement des déficits résultant de l'inégalité du marché et de l'incapacité de l'Etat à atteindre les résultats attendus. Mais, ils sont aussi très influencés par les pratiques de systèmes de valeurs autochtones relatives à la répartition des ressources fondées sur la réciprocité. Ces conclusions sont pertinentes non seulement pour le groupe de ranchs Maji Moto et des ranchs collectifs adjacents à la réserve de chasse Masaï Mara, mais aussi pour les moyens de subsistance pastoraux et des options d'utilisation des terres ailleurs au Kenya et en Afrique subsaharienne.
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Pitt, George Henry. "The Indigenous history and colonial politics of Torres Strait: contesting culture and resources from 1867 to 1990". Curtin University of Technology, Dept. of Social Sciences, Division of Humanities, 2005. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18528.
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The aim of my study is to comprehend why there is a significant gap in the economic development of Torres Strait. It questions why it is that Torres Strait Islanders as a whole remain largely economically unproductive in their present situation in contrast to the political beliefs of Islanders and their struggles for self-determination. It questions why Island leaders continue to accept policies of external control even though the guidelines for self development maintain the situation, rather than transforming it. Thus this thesis examines contemporary and traditional history of the Torres Strait in order to analyse and evaluate the development of the political structures of the Islands and how colonialism has influenced the politics of Torres Strait Islanders. I shift through the recorded layers of myths and legends for my interpretation and analyse the ethnographic accounts about Torres Strait from past archival reports, academic literature and the oral accounts from interviews. From the local media, I have examined the recent views of both the contented and discontented Islanders and other people reported in the local Torres News. From these records, I bring into perspective the historical processes of a capitalist economic system which has so deeply penetrated Islander culture.Commencing in the 1860s, at the onset of the Torres Strait beche-de-mer and pearl shell industry, the system has so failed Torres Strait Islanders' social development that it moved Islander leaders in the 1980s to push for cessation from Australia and, in the mid 1900s to seek "autonomy and self government" to remain within the Australian political system. In this thesis, I use this evidence to bring into perspective the concept of development with awareness to the colonial history of Torres Strait in comparison with oral history interpreted as the culture of my people. The theme my thesis implicates the contestation between Torres Strait Islanders and governments who impose administrative policies through the Islander system of political representation (regarding Islander culture and resources).
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Dawson, Andrew. "State authority structures and the rule of law in post-colonial societies: a comparison of Jamaica and Barbados". Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106362.
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This thesis examines the determinants of a strong rule of law in post-colonial societies by comparing Jamaica and Barbados, two countries with many similarities, but with divergent outcomes concerning the rule of law. The research takes a comparative historical approach, specifically investigating the origins of the divergence of the rule of law between Jamaica and Barbados during the transition to independence. The analysis suggests that the extent of communal divisions influenced the political culture of the masses during the transition to universal suffrage in the late colonial period. This proved to be the critical factor that determined whether political violence and patronage politics were institutionalized, which ultimately led to the deterioration in the capacity of the state to promote the rule of law. Differences along four key dimensions (the extent of a race-class correlation, the extent to which the Afro-Caribbean population viewed themselves as members of the national community, the orientation of the religion of the lower classes towards the established order, and the structural conditions that facilitated the cultural autonomy of the lower classes) developed between the two islands during the early colonial period that influenced the formation of communal divisions along class lines, which in turn influenced the political culture of the masses. In Jamaica, the ethnic division between the lower and middle classes led the former to adopt a political culture that challenged the authority of the colonial state, which, combined with the inaction of colonial authorities, ultimately resulted in the establishment of a democratic political system based on violence, lawlessness and patronage that emerged during a critical period of instability on the island (the transition to both universal suffrage and independence). In Barbados, the absence of communal divisions resulted in the adoption of the dominant political culture by the masses. As such, there was broad-based acceptance of the legitimacy of legal state authority, with all major political parties appealing to the electorate on a rational basis, thereby hindering the escalation and institutionalization of political violence and clientelism. Moreover, the compatibility between the political culture and the state authority structure in Barbados provided the foundation for a strong rule of law during the post-colonial period.Cette thèse examine les déterminants de la légitimité de la loi dans les sociétés post-coloniales à travers la comparaison entre la Barbade et la Jamaique, deux pays similaires à plusieurs niveaux, mais dont la légitimité de la loi s'exerce on ne peut plus différemment. Ce projet de recherche propose une comparaison historique, ayant pour angle une recherche des origines de cette divergence de la légitimité de la loi entre ces deux pays pendant leur transition vers l'indépendance. L'analyse propose que le degré des divisions ethniques à influencer la culture politique de la masse lors de la transition au suffrage universel vers la fin de la période coloniale. C'était le facteur critique qui a déterminé si la violence et le favoritisme politiques étaient institutionnalisés, ce qui a conduit à la détérioration de la capacité de l'état à promouvoir la légitimité de la loi. Des divergences entourant quatre éléments-clés (la présence d'une corrélation race-classe sociale, le niveau d'identification de la population Afro-Antillaise à la communauté nationale, l'orientation de la religion de la classe inférieure envers l'ordre établi, et les conditions qui ont facilité l'autonomie culturelle des classes inférieures) se sont développés entre les deux îles pendant le début de l'ère coloniale et ont influencé le développement des divisions ethniques entre les classes, entraînant une influence de la culture politique de la masse. En Jamaique, la division ethnique entre les classes moyennes et inférieures ont poussé ces dernières à adopter une culture politique qui défiait l'autorité de l'état colonial, qui, combiné avec l'inaction des autorités coloniales, a eu pour résultat l'établissement d'un système politique démocratique basé sur la violence, l'absence de lois et le patronage durant cette période critique d'instabilité sur l'île (la transition vers le suffrage universel et l'indépendance). À la Barbade, l'absence de divisions ethniques a entraîné l'adoption de la culture politique par la masse. Il y avait une large acceptation de la légitimité de l'autorité judiciaire de l'État, avec tous les principaux partis politiques faisant appel à l'électorat sur une base rationnelle, ce qui a empêché l'escalade et l'institutionnalisation de la violence politique et du favoritisme. Par ailleurs, la compatibilité entre la culture politique et la structure d'autorité de l'État à la Barbade a constitué le fondement d'une légitimité de la loi forte pendant la période post-coloniale.
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Belley, Adam. "Molecular interactions between Entamoeba histolytica and colonic mucins". Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36752.
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The enteric protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica is the etiologic agent of the disease amebiasis which is characterized by colitis or hepatic lesions. Amebae colonize the colon by binding to mucous glycoproteins (mucins). Secretory mucins provide the gel nature to mucus and are a vital component of epithelial barrier function. Mucins prevent contact-dependent cytolysis of colonic cells by E. histolytica. To possibly circumvent this barrier, the parasite secretes a potent yet unidentified mucin secretagogue, which could deplete the stored mucin pool and render the mucous layer less protective. The objective of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which E. histolytica modulates colonic mucin exocytosis. We showed that E. histolytica converts exogenous arachidonic acid to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a known mucin secretagogue and potential mechanism by which the parasite evokes mucin secretion. Conversion was via a novel cyclooxygenase-like activity and was inhibitable with the known cyclooxygenase inhibitor aspirin. To study E. histolytica-mucin interactions, we developed an in vitro model of LS174T human colonic epithelial cells that secrete mucin constitutively and in response to mucin agonists. Highly purified mucins isolated from LS174T cells markedly inhibited amebic adherence to target cells and the mucous barrier protected the LS174T monolayers from amebic cytolysis. We have identified that Gal and GalNAc residues (O-linked sugars) of mucins are the protective moiety as O- but not N-linked glycosylation inhibitors decreased their protective effect. To understand how mucins are regulated during intestinal amebiasis and in the inflamed gut, we determined that PGE2 binds the EP4 receptor on LS174T cells and in rat colon to stimulate cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent mucin exocytosis. Taken together, these studies delineate how E. histolytica modulates host responses during infection to allow the parasite to survive and persist in th
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Husni, Dardiri. "Jong Islamieten Bond : a study of a Muslim youth movement in Indonesia during the Dutch Colonial era, 1924-1942". Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21219.
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This thesis deals with an influential young Muslim intellectual movement, Jong Islamieten Bond (JIB), which had active towards the end of the Dutch Colonial era in Indonesia. It will first investigate the circumstances under which the JIB was founded. Second, it will go on to survey the development of the organization with respect to its leadership between 1924 to 1942. Finally, this thesis will analyze in some detail the ideology and the activities of the movement. It will attempt to shed a light on the JIB's role in defining Islam as both a religion and an ideology in the struggle to form an Indonesian identity for the future Indonesian nation.
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Earnest, Jaya. "Science education reform in a post-colonial developing country in the aftermath of a crisis : the case of Rwanda". Curtin University of Technology, Science and Mathematics Education Centre, 2003. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=13802.
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The research reported in this thesis is an in-depth study of science education reform in a transitional society. The society in transition is Rwanda - one of the world's poorest countries - a tiny central African nation adversely affected by major social, political, economic, and ethnic upheaval. Rwanda is faced with the challenge of ensuring rehabilitation after the genocide of 1994 and has adopted the following national goals: implementation of a durable educational policy, eradication of illiteracy, national capacity building in science and technology and reinforcing the teaching of mathematics and sciences.The objective of this research is to describe, discuss and analyse information on the status of science education in Rwanda, from the perspective of primary and secondary science teachers, students, education personnel and my personal in-field observations and analysis. This research analyses the constraints in the implementation of educational policies and a relevant science education in a climate of social, political, cultural, ethnic and economic uncertainty.The research used a case study methodology and utilised quantitative and qualitative methods to examine how teachers' and students' knowledge, perceptions and experiences impact on the school learning environment. The study made use of a questionnaire that was administered to teachers and students in Rwanda. English and French versions of a modified School Level Environment Questionnaire (SLEQ) and a modified Teacher Beliefs Instrument (STEBI) were administered to teachers. Two scales derived from the Test of Science Related Attitudes (TOSRA) were adapted for use in Rwandan classes.The qualitative component of the research made use of interviews, classroom observations, personal reflexivity, historical and curriculum document analysis and vignettes.To enable an interpretation of the quantitative data from questionnaires in a meaningful manner, the socio-cultural, gender and ethnic perspectives of policy makers, teachers and students were examined through interviews and classroom observations of science lessons. My personal experiences and reflections also were used to understand science education reform in Rwanda.The qualitative and quantitative findings of the research identified factors that influence the science education reform process and make meaningful interpretations of background, culture and the situation in Rwanda. Document analysis indicated that there is a need for greater access to secondary education. Interviews and science lesson observations indicated that it is necessary to develop a curriculum that is contextually relevant and to redefine science teacher training programmes. The findings of the research identified the constraints, dilemmas and tensions in the implementation of the educational reform process as young and inexperienced teachers, most of whom do not have university degrees and have difficulties in implementing the curriculum effectively. Further constraints included work pressures due to the examination system, an acute, as well as a lack of material resources and finances required to reconstruct and improve educational institutions.The research investigates the impact of the transition on science education in Rwanda. The research designed to examine the science education reform process in the transitional Rwandan society and economy studied the complex cultural, historical and educational factors that influence science education.
Using multiple research methods, this study is an analysis of my understanding of the changes that have taken place in science education, the impediments to these changes and the identification of aspects that may enhance the prospect for future science education reform, especially in the areas of the science curriculum reform, assessment procedures and teacher professional development.
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Peterson, St-Laurent Guillaume. "Colonist farmers and REDD+: Perceptions of land -use and conservation". Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=110542.
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Deforestation in the tropics is believed to account for 9-12% of total anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions worldwide. In this context, a decision on reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries (REDD), with the inclusion of the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks (REDD+), was adopted at the 16th Conference of the Parties (COP) to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in Cancun, Mexico. It has been proposed that REDD+, if effectively and equitably implemented, could provide considerable co-benefits (e.g., poverty reduction, capacity building, improved forest governance) for local communities. However, despite rhetoric at the international level on promoting the involvement of indigenous peoples and local communities, some fear that REDD+ could undermine livelihoods and territorial governance at the local level. In order for REDD+ to attain positive social and environmental outcomes, the interests of a broad range of stakeholders, including local communities and forest-dependent people, will have to be taken into account. Much of the attention of REDD+ to date has been focussed on its consequences for indigenous communities. This thesis draws attention to another key sector, the colonist farmers, who are associated with the agricultural frontier throughout much of Latin America. Chapter 1 documents land-use, perceptions, needs and aspirations of colonist farmers to comprehend their significance for REDD+ policies. To do so, I worked in an active frontier region, viz., eastern Panama, where I considered three colonist areas differing in their accessibility to market as a case study of agricultural frontier dynamics. I mainly evaluated the effect of remoteness and preferences on land-use and deforestation, and have reported colonists' interests, doubts and perceptions of land-use and REDD+. Forest scarcity and dependency, inequalities, and colonists' cultural and technical knowledge are key components that emerge as possible barriers to the equitable implementation of REDD+. Chapter 2 considers the multiple actors' perspectives, goals and issues as important in the development of a conservation strategy. It thus evaluates the perceptions that colonist and non-colonist actors, who are coming from different organizations working in the region, have of the colonist sector and REDD+ in eastern Panama. Further, a detailed study of a colonist-organized association suggests that REDD+ early initiatives in eastern Panama should target groups that possess strong social capital and proposes characteristics and practices that are believed to facilitate collective efforts.Il est estimé que les émissions liées à la déforestation dans les tropiques représentent entre 9 et 12% des émissions mondiales de gaz à effet de serre. Dans ce contexte, une décision sur la réduction des émissions résultant du déboisement et de la dégradation des forêts dans les pays en développement (REDD); et le rôle de la préservation et de la gestion durable des forêts et du renforcement des stocks de carbone forestiers dans les pays en développement (REDD+), a été adoptée lors de la 16e Conférence des Parties (COP 16) à la Convention-cadre des Nations Unies sur les changements climatiques (CCNUCC), qui s'est tenue à Cancun, au Mexique. Il a été proposé que la mise en œuvre efficace et équitable d'un mécanisme de la REDD+ pourrait générer des co-bénéfices considérables (par ex. réduction de la pauvreté, renforcement des capacités, meilleur gouvernance forestière) pour les communautés locales. Néanmoins, malgré une rhétorique, au niveau international, faisant la promotion de la participation des peuples autochtones et des communautés locales, plusieurs auteurs ont exprimées des craintes quant à la possibilité que la REDD+ mette en péril les moyens de subsistance de ces populations de même que certaines formes de gouvernance. Pour que la REDD+ génère des bénéfices sociaux et environnementaux, les intérêts de parties prenantes, entre autres des communautés locales et populations tributaires des ressources forestières, devront donc être pris en compte. Ce mémoire de maîtrise étudie un secteur clé dans le cadre de la mise en œuvre de REDD+, celui des agriculteurs colons si souvent associés avec la frontière agricole en Amérique Latine. Le chapitre 1 vise à documenter l'utilisation des terres, les perceptions, les besoins et les aspirations des colons. Pour y arriver, j'ai effectuée une étude de cas à la frontière agricole de l'est du Panama en considérant des colons de trois localités ayant une accessibilité variable au marché. Principalement, j'évalue l'effet des préférences pour les différentes activités économiques et de l'éloignement sur l'utilisation des terres et la déforestation et je rapporte les intérêts, doutes et perceptions des colons sur l'utilisation du territoire sur la REDD+. Mes résultats indiquent que la rareté de la forêt et la dépendance des colons par rapport à celle-ci, le contexte culturel favorisant l'élevage, les connaissances techniques en agroforesterie de même que les inégalités économiques et sociales, sont des éléments clés qui seraient des barrières à la mise en œuvre de la REDD+. Le chapitre 2 apporte une perspective complémentaire en considérant les objectifs et problématiques soulevés par plusieurs acteurs des milieux gouvernementaux ou de la société civile quant à l'éventuel développement d'une stratégie REDD+. J'évalue les perceptions d'acteurs colons et non-colons, provenant de différentes institutions et organisations travaillant dans la région ainsi que d'une organisation locale de colons. Mes résultats suggèrent que l'initiative de la REDD+ devrait s'appuyer sur des groupes qui possèdent un solide capital social car l'individualisme serait une importante barrière à la mise en œuvre. Je propose une série des caractéristiques et pratiques perçues comme facilitant l'effort collectif.
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Mittag, Edeltraud [Verfasser], Thomas [Gutachter] Fischer, Andrea [Gutachter] Faber e Renate [Gutachter] Thomas. "Die Grabung "Herbergsthermen der Colonia Ulpia Traiana". Befunde des 1. Jahrhunderts und Funde bis zum Ende der Besiedlung / Edeltraud Mittag ; Gutachter: Thomas Fischer, Andrea Faber, Renate Thomas". Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1172879451/34.
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Glickman, Laurence T. "Colonic crypt cell dynamics as predictors of neoplastic potential". Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=64493.
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Azevedo, Viviana Clara Carvalho Freitas de. "Representações da sociedade colonial de Moçambique em escritas de mulheres : a partir de A Árvore das Palavras de Teolinda Gersão". Dissertação, Porto : [Edição do Autor], 2010. http://aleph.letras.up.pt/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&request=000207366.
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Este trabalho é baseado na convicção de que a Literatura pode complementar a História, dado que, apesar de ser uma escrita ficcional, se for baseada em factos históricos, fornece uma aproximação emocional aos acontecimentos que é negada ao discurso histórico, e de que a literatura pós-colonial, principalmente quando escrita por mulheres, tem as suas próprias características, sendo uma delas a de prestar mais atenção ao ponto de vista do dominado, contrariamente ao que sucedia anteriormente em que a acção era contada sob o ponto de vista do dominador. Assim, a literatura portuguesa sobre a época colonial de Moçambique, escrita por mulheres, fornece uma versão diferente sobre o colonialismo português em África pois os protagonistas são os dominados e os submissos: os nativos negros e as mulheres; para além disso, presta uma atenção particular ao ambiente doméstico, ignorado pela maioria dos escritores masculinos, como sendo espaços simbólicos da sociedade colonial como um todo.
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Yahya, Agusni. "The impact of colonial experience on the religious and social thought of Sir Sayyid Aḥmad Khān and Ahmad Hassan : a comparison". Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26362.
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This thesis studies in a comparative framework the impact of colonial experience on the religious and social thought of two modernists, Ahmad Kh an of India and Ahmad Hassan of Indonesia. At the religious level, both modernists were much concerned with the purification of Islam. They called upon the Muslims to return to the Qur' an and hadith, abandon taqlid and to undertake ijtihad. Ahmad Kh an, influenced by the natural sciences and rationalism of the West, was also inclined to interpret Islam in a naturalistic and rational manner. Ahmad Hassan, on the other hand, was very much preoccupied with the purification of Islam and the return to the Qur' an and hadith, and was little influenced by the Western impact through colonialism. At the social level, both modernists considered education to be the essential means to social betterment. But whereas Ahmad Kh an also believed in cooperation with the British, Ahmad Hassan was opposed to the Dutch.This study concludes by showing that, given the Western colonial experience, Ahmad Kh an's socio-religious thought was rational, realistic, liberal and dynamic. While Ahmad Hassan too lived in a colonial society, his socio-religious thought was puritanical, defensive and ideological.
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LeBlanc, Denis 1977. "Working in a post-colonial system : whose voices are being silenced and heard in the narratives of native child welfare workers?" Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83165.
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The purpose of the present research was to explore the political underpinnings that shape the meaning that native child welfare workers give to their work. This was achieved with the use of a participatory research model that combines group interviews (sharing circle) with ethnography as a means of data analysis. The resulting narratives have suggested that the meaning native child welfare workers attribute to their work emerges from their community and the provincial structures that legislate and define child welfare policies, two sources, composed of various sub-systems, that often share polarized values and ideologies in matters of child welfare. This struggle is further complicated by the cultural relevance of child welfare services in the debate surrounding sovereignty and colonialism. It is suggested that more attention be given to understanding this meaning and how this process must originate from the community if indeed the deriving services are to be both culturally relevant and community based.
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Cooksley, Susan Louise. "How wood-ants (Formica lugubris) exploit spatially dispersed regenerating sources of food". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1998. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU100261.
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Three colonies of wood-ants Formica lugubris were taken from native Caledonian pinewoods and re-established in the laboratory. Experiments were conducted during which each of these colonies was provided with two discrete patches at which foragers could drink from filter papers saturated with aqueous solutions of sucrose; these patches were replenished continuously with the solutions. Three series of experiments were conducted in which the hypothesis tested was that the ants would distribute themselves between the patches according to the ideal free distribution. During the first series of experiments, the rate of supply of sucrose was manipulated by changing the concentrations of the solutions while maintaining equal rates of supply. Under each concentration ratio an equilibrium distribution was established. When the concentrations were equal, foragers distributed in a ratio of 1:1. When the concentrations were unequal the proportion of foragers at the richer patch was consistently less than the proportion of sucrose available there; ratios of sucrose of 1:2 and 1:4 were associated with equilibrium distributions of foragers in the ratios of approximately 1:1 and 1:2 respectively. In the second series of experiments, it was shown that these ratios were dependent on the overall rate of regeneration of the solutions; increases in the overall rate of regeneration were associated with increased proportional occupation of the richer patch. Throughout this experiment, the concentrations of the solutions were 7% w/v and 28% w/v and the rates of regeneration of the solutions at both patches were equal. Distributions were established at four different rates of regeneration. At the lowest rate of regeneration (0.2ml.h-1) the proportion of foragers at the richer patch was significantly lower than the ideal free prediction of 0.8. At the three higher rates of regeneration (0.4ml.h-1, 0.6ml.h-1 and 0.8ml.h-1) the proportion of foragers at the richer patch was significantly greater than the proportion of sucrose available there.
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Yu, Yi 1965. "Molecular regulation of interleukin-8 in human colonic epithelial cells". Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=37579.
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Interleukin-8 is a chemokine which is chemotactic for neutrophils and T-lymphocytes and plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Intestinal mucosal epithelial cells produce IL-8 in response to pathogens which mediates bidirectional communication between pathogen and host. The objective of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in IL-8 gene regulation in T84 human colonic epithelial cells. To determine if IL-8 plays a role in the pathogenesis of intestinal amebiasis, the effect of Entamoeba histolytica on IL-8 gene expression was investigated. E. histolytica secreted components enhanced IL-8 mRNA expression and protein production in the absence of amebae-enterocyte contact. The proinflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and TNF-alpha were not involved in IL-8 protein production. As PGE2 is central in mucosal inflammation, the effect of PGE2 on IL-8 gene expression was determined. Using purified PGE2 and PGE2 receptor agonists, it was shown that PGE2 coupled to the EP4 receptor and triggered cAMP-dependent PKA signaling which upregulated IL-8 mRNA expression at the posttranscriptional level. Elevation of [Ca 2+]i from intracellular Ca2+ stores by A23187 or thapsigargin stimulated IL-8 mRNA transcription and IL-8 protein production through the activation of calcineurin. Moreover, IL-8 3'-UTR had a strong suppressive effect on CAT reporter gene expression in COS7 cells by reducing its mRNA level. A unique fragment (nt 2387-2743) containing AU rich elements was shown to attenuate CAT mRNA expression by destabilizing the transcripts. Secondary structure but not AU rich elements played a major role in CAT mRNA turnover.
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Valad?o, Maria Clara da Silva. "Impacto de diferentes coloniza??es bacterianas sobre o estado nutricional, fun??o pulmonar e gravidade cl?nica em pacientes com fibrose c?stica". Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2017. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/7630.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
Introduction: Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized mainly by obstruction and inflammation of the airways leading to the chronic establishment of microorganisms. Acute infections (exacerbations) and/or chronic colonization lead to a progressive decline in lung function that leads to respiratory failure, the main cause of death among these individuals. Despite advances in survival, aspects related to infections still need to be reviewed. Thus, the main objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of different bacterial colonizations on nutritional status, lung function and clinical severity in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study that included patients with a confirmed diagnosis of CF, aged > 3 years and presenting complete data in a reference database of cystic fibrosis and / or available medical records. Anthropometric information (weight and height for the purpose of calculating BMI) and nutritional status, clinical severity data, colonization of airway secretions in addition to lung function (FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC). All the data collected were the annual evaluation of these subjects, between the period from 2009 to 2013. For statistical purposes, the Friedman test (Dunn's post-test) and the Mann Whitney U test were used. Results: We included 68 patients with CF out of a total of 80 who are regularly followed by the service, with 57.4% being male with a mean age of 10.35 years at baseline. During the five-year follow-up (mean of 3.55 years), nutritional status (p = 0.743) and clinical severity score (p = 0.235) remained stable. There was a statistically significant reduction of FEV1/FVC ratio over the follow-up (from year 2 to year 3 and year 2 to year 5; p <0.05). The most frequent colonizations were oxacillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) (29.8-46.3%), followed by non-mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) (8.5-19.4%), Burkholderia Cepacia Complex CBC) (4.9-21.3%), mucoid PA (2,4-6,5 %) and oxacilina/meticilin-resistent Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (2,4- 16,1%). Patients who were colonized throughout the study by MRSA (p = 0.040) had a reduction in FEV1 (p = 0.004) and FVC (p = 0.005) in year 5 compared to those not colonized by this bacteria. In addition, individuals with non-mucoid BP had a reduction (p = 0.007) in FVC. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that bacterial colonization by oxacilina/meticilin-resistent Staphylococcus aureus and non-mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa is related to worsening lung function (FEV1 and FVC). However, the impact of the different colonizations on BMI and on the clinical severity of Shwachman-Kulczycki score over the 5 years was not observed. Key words: Microbiology, nutritional status, respiratory function tests, prognosis, cystic fibrosis.
Introdu??o: A fibrose c?stica ? uma doen?a gen?tica autoss?mica recessiva, caracterizada principalmente por obstru??o e inflama??o das vias a?reas que leva a instala??o cr?nica de microrganismos. As infec??es agudas e/ou coloniza??es cr?nicas levam a um progressivo decl?nio da fun??o pulmonar que evolui para fal?ncia respirat?ria, principal causa de morte entre estes indiv?duos. Apesar dos avan?os alcan?ados na sobrevida, aspectos relacionados a infec??es ainda necessitam ser revisados. Assim, o objetivo principal do estudo foi avaliar o impacto de diferentes coloniza??es bacterianas sobre o estado nutricional, fun??o pulmonar e gravidade cl?nica em pacientes com fibrose c?stica (FC). M?todos: Trata-se de um estudo de coorte, retrospectivo onde foram inclu?dos pacientes com diagn?stico confirmado de FC, com idade > 3anos e que apresentassem os dados completos em um banco de dados de um servi?o de refer?ncia em fibrose c?stica e/ou dispon?veis nos prontu?rios m?dicos. Foram coletadas informa??es antropom?tricas (peso e estatura para fins de c?lculo de IMC) e verifica??o do estado nutricional, dados cl?nicos de gravidade, coloniza??es presentes nas secre??es das vias a?reas al?m da fun??o pulmonar (VEF1, CVF e VEF1/ CVF). Todos os dados coletados se tratavam da avalia??o anual desses sujeitos, entre o per?odo de 2009 a 2013. Para fins estat?sticos, utilizou-se o teste de Friedman (p?s-teste de Dunn?s) e o teste U de Mann Whitney. Resultados: Foram inclu?dos 68 pacientes com FC de um total de 80 que s?o acompanhados regularmente pelo servi?o, sendo 57,4 % do sexo masculino com idade m?dia de 10,35 anos no in?cio do estudo. Ao longo do seguimento de cinco anos (m?dia de 3,55 anos) o estado nutricional (p=0,743) e o escore de gravidade cl?nica (p=0,235) permaneceram est?veis. Houve uma redu??o estatisticamente significativa da rela??o VEF1/CVF ao longo do acompanhamento (do ano 2 para o ano 3 e do ano 2 para o ano 5; p<0,05). As coloniza??es mais frequentes foram a Staphylococcus aureus sens?vel a Oxacilina (MSSA) (29,8-46,3%), seguidas da Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) n?o muc?ide (8,5-19,4%), Complexo Burkholderia Cepacia (CBC) (4,9-21,3%), PA mucoide (2,4-6,5 %) e Staphylococcus aureus resistente a oxacilina (2,4- 16,1%). Os pacientes que foram colonizados ao longo do estudo por MRSA (p=0,040) apresentaram uma redu??o do VEF1 (p=0,004) e da CVF (p=0,005) no ano 5, em compara??o aos n?o colonizados por essa bact?ria. Al?m disso, os indiv?duos com PA n?o mucoide apresentaram redu??o (p=0,007) da CVF. Conclus?es: Nossos achados demonstram que a coloniza??o bacteriana por Staphylococcus aureus resistente a oxacilina e por Pseudomonas aeruginosa n?o muc?ide est? relacionada a piora na fun??o pulmonar (VEF1 e CVF). Todavia, n?o foi observado impacto das diferentes coloniza??es sobre o IMC e sobre o escore de gravidade cl?nica de Shwachman-Kulczycki ao longo dos 5 anos. Palavras-chave: Microbiologia, estado nutricional, testes de fun??o respirat?ria, progn?stico, fibrose c?stica.
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Schneider, Ulrike. "Der weibliche Petrarkismus im Cinquecento : Transformationen des lyrischen Diskurses bei Vittoria Colonna und Gaspara Stampa". Stuttgart Steiner, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&docl̲ibrary=BVB01&docn̲umber=016078634&linen̲umber=0001&funcc̲ode=DBR̲ECORDS&servicet̲ype=MEDIA.
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Sundaram, Chandar S. "[A] grudging concession : the origins of the Indianization of the Indian Army Officer Corps, 1817-1917". Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=96152.
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In 1917, a mere thirty years before India gained independence from Britain, Indians were alIowed into the officer corps of the colonial Indian Army, thus initiating its " Indianization ". Yet, as an issue of British military policy, Indianization had been debated for a hundred years before 1917. This thesis delineates the contours of that debate, the myriad schemes for Indianization that it engendered, the reasons for the faHure of each of these, as weIl as the reasons why the bar on Indians in the Indian Army's officer corps was finally broken. In analysing the debate, attention will be paid to factors that influenced and channelled the discussions. The most important of these were: Anglo-Indian strategies of Imperial politics, such as the need to seek out and collaborate with certain sections of Indian society as a means of holding India to the Empire; British ideological and intellectual formulations, such as the "Gentleman-Ideal" and the Martial Races theory; and Indian political developments, such as the emergence of Indian public opinion and nationalism .
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Gibbons, Vaneesha Stewart. "Phenotypic switching in Candida albicans : a candidate gene approach". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1999. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU123578.
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This thesis describes the cloning and characterisation of two Candida albicans genes which were candidates for having a role in the phenotypic switching phenomenon of C. albicans. Phenotypic switching in C. albicans is a spontaneously occurring event whereby the surface morphology and several physiological processes of the C. albicans colony can change. These spontaneous switching events occur at high frequency and there are a range of up to fifteen different morphological forms that have been described. Switching is reversible and interconvertible (between the different phenotypes). The candidate genes chosen to investigate phenotypic switching were RAD52, a DNA double strand break repair gene and H4, a histone. RAD52 was isolated following homologous probing of a C. albicans genomic library using a fragment of the gene sequence which was available on a public data base [http://alces.med.umn.edu/candida/html], as a probe. H4 was isolated following PCR probing of a cosmid library. The switching repertoire of the ura- CAI4 strain of C. albicans was characterised. Attempts were also made to characterise switching frequencies. This strain was then used as the host for both knockout and overexpression studies of the candidate genes. The effect of overexpression of these genes on phenotypic switching was observed by recording growth rates, phenotypes and phenotypic switching frequencies. It was found that overexpression of RAD52 affected the morphotype and growth of the yeast colonies compared the CAI4 parental strain. Overexpression of the H4 gene did not appear to affect growth, but a fourth morphological form named "root" appeared that had not arisen during characterisation of the CAI4 phenotypic switching repertoire. The degree to which the "root" phenotype was manifest appeared to correlate with the degree of overexpression of the H4 gene. The effect of knocking out a single copy of H4 was also observed. Growth was not affected. Observations of colony morphologies showed a preponderance of one particular morphology ("irregular wrinkle"). This data suggests that altering the wild type levels of expression of these genes can affect phenotypic switching in C. albicans.
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Young, Andrew D. "Costs and benefits to Red-breasted Mergansers nesting in tern and gull colonies". Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63291.
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Cheserem, Salina Jepkoech. "African responses to colonial military recruitment : the role of Askari and carriers in the first World War in the British East Africa Protectorate (Kenya)". Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66074.
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Tse, Sil-King. "Biochemical characterization of rat colonic mucin species in response to Entamoeba histolytica". Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61048.
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Colonic mucins bind to the E. histolytica Gal/GalNAc adherence lectin and inhibit amoebic adherence to and lysis of epithelial cells. High $M sb{ rm r}$ rat colonic mucins isolated from Sepharose 4B and subfractionated by Cellex-E (ECTEOLA) ion-exchange chromatography demonstrated a minor neutral and a major acidic species with distinct amino acid composition and immunogenicity. Virulent E. histolytica trophozoites elicited a generalized secretory response of both neutral and acidic mucin species which was confirmed by thin-section histochemistry. Such activity may function to deplete the host's protective layer to facilitate invasion. In rats immunized against E. histolytica, enhanced mucin secretion was demonstrated by an increase in the secretion of $ sp3$H-glucosamine labelled glycoproteins (25%) and high $M sb{ rm r}$ Sepharose 4B mucins (27%). Ion-exchange chromatography and histochemistry confirmed a pronounced and generalized secretion of both mucin species. Increased mucin secretion in immunized animals may function as a host defense mechanism to prevent invasion or aid in parasite expulsion.
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Charrier, Cédric. "Biochemistry and microbial ecology of butyrate formation in human colonic bacteria". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2006. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU207021.
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This work describes the identification and characterisation of a novel class of CoA-transferase involved in butyrate formation in human colonic bacteria. The CoA-transferase gene was identified form Roseburia sp. A2-183 and the gene product overexpressed in an E. coli lysates. The CoA-transferase has a broad pH optimum around neutral and shows activity with butyryl-CoA and to a lesser extent propionyl-CoA. Acetate, propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate and valerate but not 4-hydroxybutyrate, which is the preferred substrate of the closely related clostridial 4-hydroxybutyrate CoA-transferases, were used as co-substrate. The Km for butyryl-CoA and propionyl-CoA were similar but the maximal velocity of the enzyme in the presence of butyryl-CoA provided further evidence that the CoA-transferase from Roseburia sp. A2-183 is a butyryl-CoA CoA-transferase. Characterisation of the CoA-transferase substrate specificity from different butyrate-producing bacteria, including the lactate-utilising butyrate-producing Anaerostipes caccae L1-92 and Eubacterium hallii L2-7, as well as the clostridial cluster IV representative Faecalibacterium prausnitzii A2-165, indicated that the enzyme is the same in all these butyrate-producing bacteria. The metabolic cooperation between a lactic acid bacterium and the lactate-utilising butyrate-producing A. caccae L1-92 was investigated in vitro and in gnotobiotic rodents. Although the in vivo experiment failed to demonstrate the conversion of lactate to butyrate, metabolic analysis revealed significant amounts of butyrate in the caecum of di-associated animals and the establishment of a stable colonisation by the oxygen-sensitive A. caccae L1-92 represents nevertheless an essential step in assessing the potential of the butyrate-producing bacteria for probiotic application.
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Smith, Michael L. "Sir Percy Girouard : French Canadian proconsul in Africa, 1906- 1912". Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55637.
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Nordström, Susanne. "Virus infections and varroa mite infestations in honey bee colonies /". Uppsala : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2000. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=009004684&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Dubé, Alexandre. "Pierre-Jacques Lemoyne (1709-1778) et l'aprovisionnement métropolitain des colonies françaises de l'Amérique du Nord". Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79761.
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This thesis aims at clarifying the situation of supplying to the French colonies of North America, during the 18th century. It attempts to redefine what can be construed as "supplying" and in the process, identifies its various sources. The study of one of these sources, the direct contribution of France, constitutes the second part of the thesis, as seen through the example of Pierre-Jacques Lemoyne, supplier to the colonies from 1734 to 1762. This stance permits to go further than the better-known world of the merchants carrying the King's goods. Suppliers to the colonies are thus revealed to be split between adjudicataires who obtain their contracts through public procedures, and a handful of specialized merchants, who contact or are contacted by the Navy's administration. The selection of these merchants seem to stem from their capacity to fulfill adequately the Navy's needs---although the influence of "cronyism" should not be discarded.
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Ramsay, Alan Gregor. "Studies on the molecular biology and ecology of butyrate-producing human colonic bacteria". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2003. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU168350.
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The role of butyrate in the metabolism and development of a healthy colonic epithelium and thus in the prevention of colonic diseases is well documented, but the ecology of butyrate-producing bacteria is little understood. Dietary polysaccharides that are not digested in the small intestine are a major source of energy for the commensal bacteria resident in the large intestine. Resistant starch makes up a large proportion of dietary substrate reaching the human colon and is also reported to be butyrogenic. Recent studies have shown that low G+C% Gram-positive bacteria, which include butyrate-producing isolates, are among the most abundant components of the adult colonic microbiota. Here, in vitro growth experiments demonstrated that certain new butyrate producing isolates (Roseburia spp./Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens) were able to utilise starch as a sole energy source, with a growth preference for high amylopectin starches. Active starch-degrading enzyme were cell-associated in these strains and were visualised using zymogram analysis and found to be of high molecular weight. An amylase gene from Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens 16.4 was sequenced following polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification with degenerate oligonucleotides and chromosome walking. The putative amylase consists of an open reading frame of 4002 bp encoding a protein of 1333 amino acids with a calculated Mr of 144,470. Analysis of the multidomain organisation of this enzyme indicated that it is bound to the cell wall, with its putative catalytic domain and repeated starch-binding modules protruding into the extracellular matrix. This work also describes the use of an in vitro continuous culture fermentor system and human microbiota-associated mice (in vivo) to assess the potential of certain butyrate-producing anaerobes for probiotic and/or prebiotic applications.
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Youakim, Adel. "Tumour- and differentiation-associated changes in the carbohydrate structure of glycoproteins from human colonic cells". Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75826.
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The structure of the carbohydrate associated with glycoproteins was examined in various human colonic tumour cells in culture following incubation with labeled sugars. Glycopeptides obtained by pronase digestion of the cell surface glycoproteins of three human colon tumours (HCT-8R, CaCo-2, and HCT-15) were compared with those from cells (CCL 239) derived normal adult colon. The tumour cells contain large molecular weight fucose-labeled glycopeptides that are absent in the CCL 239 cells. The large molecular weight fucose- and glucosamine-labeled glycopeptides from HCT-8R cells contain mainly mild alkali labile O-linked oligosaccharides, whereas those isolated from CaCo-2 cells contain primarily N-linked polylactosaminoglycans which bind to Datura stramonium agglutinin-agarose and are sensitive to endo-$ beta$-galactosidase.Differentiation of CaCo-2 cells to polarized cells containing brush border enzymes characteristic of enterocytes is accompanied by a decrease in the relative proportion of fucose- and glucosamine-labeled N-linked polylactosaminoglycans-containing glycopeptides. These polylactosaminoglycans are found on a restricted set of glycoproteins of M$ sb{ rm r}$ 100,000-130,000. In undifferentiated cells, these glycoproteins contain a greater proportion of polylactosaminoglycans than those from differentiated cells.
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Winton, T. E. (Tracey Eve). "Why architects wear black and other grotesque and sublime mysteries : being a demonstration of eros & melancholy in the hermetical art of architecture with reference to the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili of Colonna wherein he showeth, that all things human are but a dream ; in the representation whereof are many things figured salutary and worthy in remembrance". Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27478.
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A study of the symbolism of love and melancholy in the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili, an architectural treatise of the Italian Renaissance written as a dream, in which an alchemical narrative structures the shaping of an adept through the education of his cognitive faculties. This author has speculated on the representational strategies of this satyrical and literary architecture and translated into English several key passages from the hero's rhythmythical journey through a musaic architectural wonderland.
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Moncada, Darcy Marie. "Entamoeba histolytica cysteine proteinases facilitate parasite invasion of the colon by disrupting the colonic mucus barrier". Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85940.
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The protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica is the etiological agent of human amebiasis. Trophozoites colonize the colonic mucus layer and may invade the epithelium subsequent to overcoming the mucus barrier. MUC2 is the major gel-forming mucin secreted by goblet cells in the colon and serves to maintain epithelial barrier function as well as acting as a major host defense against invading pathogens. The polymerization of MUC2 monomers via the N- and C- terminal cysteine rich D-domains is essential for mucus gel formation and confers protection to the underlying mucosa. Amoebae secrete cysteine proteinases, glycosidases and an unidentified mucus secretagogue, which may play a role in overcoming the protective mucus barrier. We hypothesize that E. histolytica cysteine proteinases as well as glycosidases are involved in mucus degradation and weakening of the mucus barrier by disrupting mucin polymerization. Amoebae secreted cysteine proteinases were shown to degrade the cysteine rich regions of MUC2 involved in polymerization and abrogate its protective function. More importantly, the major E. histolytica surface proteinase, cysteine proteinase 5 (EhCP5) was shown to specifically degrade [35S]cysteine labeled colonic mucin as effectively as secreted components. Moreover, trophozoites genetically engineered to express low levels of CP activity were incapable of traversing a mucus barrier and destroying the underlying epithelium, indicating a strong dependence between amebic invasiveness and cysteine protease activity. In addition, we have demonstrated that EhCPs specifically target the MUC2 C-terminus resulting in destabilization of the mucin polymeric network. Parasite glycosidase activity was also shown to contribute to mucin oligosaccharide degradation. Taken together, these results indicate that E. histolytica can substantially weaken the colonic mucus barrier via proteolytic degradation and glycosidase activity to compromise the gel and
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Neeser, Christophe. "Rhizome bud production and growth characteristics of clonal colonies in two biotypes of quackgrass (Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski)". Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56676.
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This study examined the effect of density on rhizome bud production in quackgrass (Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski). The treatments consisted of two biotypes (L8 and L9), and nine density levels ranging from 1 to 22 plants m$ sp{-2}$. The results showed that bud production per plant diminished with increasing density in both biotypes. However, biotype L8 was less productive at low densities, but almost equal to L9 at higher densities. A second experiment was undertaken to measure the expansion of clonal colonies and the distribution of shoots within these colonies. For both biotypes the growth rate was highest in late summer and early fall, but colonies of L9 grew more rapidly. Biotype L9 had 59% of its total biomass located within 40 cm of the centre as compared with 81% in L8. Overall, Biotype L9 produced more rhizome buds, responded more strongly to intraspecific interference, and grew more rapidly as a colony.
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Jia, Xiaoming 1978. "Efficiency and mechanisms of different phytosterol analogs on lipid profiles and colonic mucosal cell proliferation in hamsters". Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84098.
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The current study examined the impact of plant sterols, stanols, sterol esters, and stanol esters on (i) cholesterol-lowering efficiency, (ii) gene expression of ABCG5 and ABCG8 sterol transporters in the liver and small intestine, and (iii) colon mucosal cell proliferation in hamsters. After 5 weeks on experimental diets, plasma total cholesterol levels were reduced ( P<0.05) by stanols, sterol esters and stanol esters compared to cholesterol-control diet. Different PS analogs did not alter ABCG5 and ABCG8 mRNA levels in small intestine and liver as compared to cholesterol control. In addition, colon mucosal cell proliferation was 21.4% lower (P<0.01) in group fed 0.7% stanol esters relative to cholesterol control. Results suggest that hypocholesterolemic effects of PS analogs are not associated with changes of liver and small intestine ABCG5 and ABCG8 sterol transporters. Data also indicated that plant stanol ester may possess anticarcinogenic properties.