Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "COIN internet academy"

Abstract It has been more than 10 years since Satoshi Nakamoto published his famous paper entitled ‘Bitcoin: a peer-to-peer electronic cash system’, which set the foundation of blockchain technology. Accompanied by the price volatility of bitcoins from 2017 to 2018, blockchain has been a hot word on the internet, and particularly hot in China. Blockchain offers a distributed and secure system for data storage and value transactions. Its applications are springing up in multiple fields. The Chinese government is considering these trends with great caution. Initial coin offering has been banned in China since September 2017. By contrast, an official white paper on China's blockchain technology, which was released in May 2018, said that blockchain technology will be widely applied in the real economy of China within 3 years. In a recent panel discussion held by National Science Review, experts talked about related topics. Their opinions may provide a quick view of the future development of blockchain in China and abroad. Jing Chen Assistant Professor of Computer Science Department, Stony Brook University and Chief Scientist at Algorand LLC, USA Xiaotie Deng Professor of School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, China Guohua Gan Vice President of Beijing Tai Cloud Technology Corp., China Xiaoyun Wang Professor of Institute of Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, China Zhiming Zheng Professor of School of Mathematics and Systems Science, Beihang University, China Lei Guo (Chair) Professor of Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

The present paper picks up an initial contribution to work with the net as starting point, about academic guidance with students of Bachillerato, especially those who are about to enter university and need of quick information and guidance. Finally, it pr El presente artículo recoge una inicial aportación para trabajar, a partir de la Red, la orientación académica con los alumnos de Bachillerato; en particular va dirigida a aquéllos que están a punto de acceder a la Universidad y necesitan de una información y orientación urgentes. Finalmente, presentamos el papel fundamental que juegan el tutor y el orientador del centro a la hora de intervenir en la toma de decisiones tanto académicas, vocacionales como profesionales de sus alumnos.

Globalization has led to the emergence of broadcasting services and books aimed at a global audience. Authors of books, journals, and articles have gained readers worldwide. Due to the Internet, the spreading of ideas on a global level has never been easier. The other side of the coin is that authors run a risk of being exposed to civil proceedings in many jurisdictions. What is considered to be proactive journalism, or a provocative academic comment in some jurisdictions is considered to be libel or defamation in others. We speak of “libel tourism” when defamation proceedings are brought in a forum that has only vague connections to the case, but happens to be very plaintiff-friendly.

ROMAN LAW ON THE INTERNETSummary In the past ten years the Internet has become a very popular information exchange tool serving people around the world. A summary review of information included on the world wide web indicates that the Internet constitutes a rich and diversified source of information about certain issues, which enables not only the popularisation of such knowledge, but also creates an open forum for the discussions of many different issues. There are also many sites on Roman on the Internet, which were created not only by the universities and other scientific centres, but also by private individuals interested in Roman law as a hobby. O f course, such web sites are either currently not very large and devoted to specific problems of Roman law, or very general and thus not of much use for romanists interested in specific issues. Also the catalogue of sources of Roman law that is available on the net is still incomplete, which probably results from the problems connected with the transformation of original source texts into electronic form. In this article I would like to present the results of my „web surfing”, in order to encourage Roman law researchers to use the Internet as a serious source of information, and to show that the Internet may provide enormous possibilities in the future. The various sites devoted to Roman law existing on the Internet may be divided into some general categories depending on the type and purpose of each of these sites.The first type or category consists of Internet sites created by universities, law school and other educational centres. The information included therein is mainly of an administrative nature and refers to the programme of studies, exam schedules, academic teachers and tutors and similar matters not connected with Roman law itself. Some of them also give information about special projects conducted in this particular school and information about local libraries with lists of available books. Apart from the private sites created by the members of the academic community on the web one can find also the sites created by individual people, who publish on the Internet the results of their research, their opinions on different legal problems connected with Roman law, summaries of books devoted to Roman law an so forth.The next category of Internet sites that may be used by a person studying Roman law are sites that include texts of legal sources. This kind of site, although not including much substantial information on Roman law, may be helpful for the researcher of antiquity and Roman law as it enables easy access to the text of selected source.Last of all I would like to pay some attention to Internet sites devoted to ancient Rome in general, not necessarily to Roman law. The sites of this kind are more popular science than strictly scientific materials, and probably they are not of much use for the historians of antiquity. On the other hand, they include some interesting pieces of information neither being taught in standard course of studies nor included in history manuals, bringing the realities of ancient world closer to us, such as information on Roman cuisine, Roman coins, or Roman clothes. These sites also include a large variety of pictures and photos, which makes them more attractive for visitors.As we can see the Internet has become quite a rich source of information about antiquity and Roman law. Taking into consideration all the advantages that this global network offers in the field of transferring and broadcasting information, certainly it is worthy of greater attention on the part of romanists. Since the information included therein is relatively general, the primary use of the Internet by romanists should be in my opinion as an educational tool. Encouraging students to use the Internet while learning Roman law may inspire them to more detailed studies on selected subjects, not limited to information included in popular manuals and, as the next step, in creating their own www sites devoted to particular problems in the field of Roman law. Simultaneously no less of importance is co-operation among romanists from all countries in order to make the Internet useful also for the researcher of Roman law. That could be achieved through placing texts of scholar books and articles on the web, creating the universities’ homepages devoted to Roman law, initialising collaborative Internet projects and presenting the individuals achievements in the field of Roman law on the net. As a result in a few years it could be expected that the Internet would become the compendium of information on Roman law, widely available and easy to use, as well as the forum of collaboration among academia in the field of Roman law. In the modern world, where history knowledge is often treated as an useless ballast, especially the researchers of antiquity should make use of technical innovations in the field of dissemination of information because it enables their knowledge to survive. Providing the virtual reality has become the constant element of everyday life, the reservation of space on the Internet for Roman law is the way to make Roman law in some sense „immortal”.

The current study aimed to identify the quality level of academic life during COVID-19 pandemic from students' perception of Taibah University, Yanbu branch. To this end, a descriptive approach was used to answer the following main research question: What is the quality level of academic life during COVID-19 pandemic from students' perception of Taibah University? The study tool consisted of a questionnaire to measure the quality level of the students’ academic life. The tool was ensured for reliability and validity and composed of three sections that contained indicators to measure the quality of academic life; academic practices, academic satisfaction, and academic support. The sample of the study consisted of 187 male and female students. Results showed high perceptions for the respondents in the quality of academic practices section (M=4.15, SD=1.03). The statement No.9 entitles “Rate the precautionary actions provided to you to activate the online education as an alternative to face-to-face education during COVID-19 pandemic” obtained the highest rank (M=4.63). The second section that measured the level of academic satisfaction recorded (M=1.76, SD=1.10), obtaining 58.71%. The statement 6 entitles “I felt my love to home increased during COVID-19 pandemic” obtained the highest rank (M=4.63, SD=.81, 98.93%). The academic support dimension recorded (M=4.33, SD=.93), Indicating that the level of academic support for students during COVID-19 pandemic was excellent (86.65%) as perceived by the study sample. The statement 5 which entitles “Rate the extent to benefit from academic counseling during COVID-19 pandemic” got the highest rank (M=4.67, SD=.72, 93.485). The most challenges encountered the students gradually categorized from the highest to the lowest were the poor Internet network, non-availability of laptop computers, low experience in working with blackboard, and poor technical experience. The study recommended the significance of academic support and suggested doing further studies on and the reality of quality of academic life from faculty members perspectives and the role of precautionary health during COID-19 pandemic to enhance the national loyalty for the university students.

The information society of our time is characterized by large-scale and intensive use of computer technologies in most areas of economic relations. Many procedures of interaction between people and business entities are computerized and digitized. Remote technologies used on the Internet allow groups of people, in particular, to perform mathematical calculations and use the data obtained in the interests of participants in such collective calculations. The totality of such electronic data in the Russian Federation is legitimized as a digital currency. The legal content and place of digital currency in property turnover and the system of its state regulation seems to be an actual object of research and development. The article solves the following tasks based on the study of domestic legislation and academic publications: the legal content of digital currency as encrypted information and the type of other property is substantiated; legislative constructions providing for the functioning of digital currency as a means of payment and investment are analyzed; qualitative features of digital currency inherent in the object of civil rights are identified. Digital currency is studied as a set of electronic data and information, the author’s definition of digital currency is presented. Digital currency in circulation is disclosed as encrypted information, settlement and exchange equivalent and investment asset. The fallacy of the legislative recognition of digital currency as a means of payment is argued. The legal constructions on the possibility of using digital currency as an investment are critically evaluated. The features of turnover and the development of regulatory regulation of digital currency in the Russian legal order are analyzed. A legal analysis of the parliamentary bill on the “mining” of digital currencies is being carried out. The essence is substantiated; the definition of activities aimed at obtaining digital currencies by mathematical calculations on private computers is formulated. Digital currency is considered as a kind of other property, the conclusion is made about the possibility of recognizing the “coin” of digital currency as an object of civil rights. The article examines the modern doctrinal developments of mainly Russian researchers on the subject of exploration, as well as encyclopedic and normative sources. Proposals are being made to improve the legal regulation of public relations in the field of property turnover of digital currency.

The objective of this study is to discuss affordances in foreign language (L2) teacher education in the digital age. With that aim, some pedagogical interventions were carried out in the course of “Supervised Internship” within the context of the Undergraduate Degree in English Language Teaching, at a federal university in the Southeast of Brazil in order to obtain empirical data concerning the perceptions of pre-service English teachers. The theoretical framework is based on the concept of affordance, in relation to the effects of globalization (and its Information and Communication Technologies - ICTs) on the education of language teachers in the digital age, considering aspects of interculturality, through hybrid approaches such as CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning), COIL (Collaborative Online International Learning) and the Intercomprehension approach. Data were obtained through participant observation and interviews with educators and pre-service teachers, and include: 1) discussion of texts about language teaching, interculturality and the use of technologies in education; 2) virtual meetings in COIL format with pre-service teachers enrolled in the course of “Supervised Internship” at a Brazilian university and at Alberto Hurtado University (AHU) in Chile; 3) discussion/reflection sessions; 4) interviews with participants. The analysis suggests that ICTs and approaches such as CLIL, COIL and Intercomprehension promote affordances for inclusive practices (for financially disadvantaged people, with the use of internet); multilingual practices (including other languages besides English); and intercultural practices, promoting contact and learning among different cultures and languages.ResumoO objetivo deste estudo é refletir sobre affordances na formação de professores de línguas adicionais (L2) na era digital. Com esse objetivo, algumas intervenções pedagógicas foram realizadas na disciplina de “Estágio Supervisionado” do curso de Licenciatura em Letras Inglês de uma universidade federal do Sudeste brasileiro, a fim de ilustrar e embasar essa reflexão por meio de dados empíricos das percepções de professores de inglês em formação. O arcabouço teórico se baseia na noção de affordance em relação aos efeitos da globalização com suas tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TICs) na formação de professores de L2 na era digital, com a ampliação da interculturalidade por meio de abordagens híbridas como a CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning), COIL (Collaborative Online International Learning) e Intercompreensão. Os dados foram gerados por meio de observação participante e entrevistas com os professores formadores e em formação, e incluem: 1) discussões de textos sobre ensino de idiomas, interculturalidade e uso de tecnologias na educação; 2) reuniões virtuais em formato COIL, com professores em formação, matriculados na disciplina de estágio supervisionado na universidade no Brasil e na Universidade Alberto Hurtado, no Chile; 3) sessões de reflexão; e 4) entrevistas com os participantes. A análise sugere que as TICs e abordagens como a CLIL, COIL e Intercompreensão propiciam affordances para uma prática mais inclusiva (alcançando pessoas desfavorecidas financeiramente por meio da internet); multilíngue (por meio da inclusão de outras línguas além do inglês); e intercultural, permitindo contato e aprendizado entre culturas e línguas diferentes.ResumenEl objetivo de este estudio es discutir las posibilidades en la educación de profesores de lenguas extranjeras (L2) en la era digital. Con ese objetivo, se llevaron a cabo algunas intervenciones pedagógicas en la asignatura de "Práctica Supervisada" de la carrera de Licenciatura en Inglés en una universidad federal en el sudeste de Brasil, con el fin de obtener datos empíricos sobre las percepciones de profesores de inglés en pre-servicio. El marco teórico se basa en el concepto de affordance, en relación con los efectos de la globalización (y sus Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación - TIC) en la educación de los profesores de idiomas en la era digital, considerando aspectos de la interculturalidad, a través de enfoques híbridos como CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning), COIL (Collaborative Online International Learning) e de Intercomprensión. Los datos se obtuvieron a través de la observación participante y entrevistas con educadores y profesores en pre-servicio e incluyen: 1) discusión de textos sobre enseñanza de idiomas, interculturalidad y el uso de tecnologías en educación; 2) reuniones virtuales en formato COIL con maestros de pre-servicio inscritos en la carrera de la universidad brasileña y en la Universidad Alberto Hurtado (AHU) en Chile; 3) sesiones de discusión / reflexión; 4) entrevistas con los participantes. El análisis sugiere que las TIC y los enfoques como CLIL, COIL e Intercomprensión promueven posibilidades de prácticas inclusivas (para las personas con desventajas financieras, con el uso de internet); prácticas multilingües (incluidos otros idiomas además del inglés); y prácticas interculturales, promoviendo el contacto y el aprendizaje entre diferentes culturas e idiomas.Palavras-chave: Educação intercultural, Tecnologia da informação e da comunicação, Línguas estrangeiras modernas, formação de professores.Keywords: Cross cultural training, Information technology, Second language instruction, Teacher education.Palabras clave: Educación intercultural, Tecnología de información y comunicación, Idiomas extranjeros, Formación de profesores de idiomas.ReferencesABRAHAMS, Mary Jane; RÍOS, Pablo Silva. What happens with English in Chile? Challenges in teacher preparation. In: KAMHI-STEIN, Lía D.; MAGGIOLI, Gabriel Díaz; OLIVEIRA, Luciana C. De (Eds.). 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Digital natives’ generation is inseparable from gadgets, less socializing, lack of creativity and being an individualist. The digital native’s generation wants things that are instant and lack respect for the process. The preoccupation of children with gadgets makes children socially alienated or known as anti-social. Preschool play an important role in the development of the digital native’s generation and in the future can help children use gadgets with parents. As it is known, the digital native’s generation is a kindergarten child. This study aims to determine the role of preschools in helping the use of gadgets in the digital native generation. This study used a descriptive quantitative approach with simple random sampling technique was obtained 25 kindergarten principals in Pekanbaru City. Data was collected in the form of a questionnaire via google form. Data analysis uses percentages and is presented in the tabular form. The results of the study indicate that the role of preschools in the use of gadgets in digital native generation children in Pekanbaru City is included in the low category. Only a few preschools have organized parenting education for parents. There are almost no rules governing children's use of gadgets at home, and few preschools educate children on how to use gadgets properly. It is expected for teachers and preschools to add special programs in the curriculum to provide information about positive gadget use and parenting programs that discuss digital native generation and collaborate with parents to establish rules such as frequency, duration and content of children using gadgets. Keywords: Digital Native, Preschool, Gadgets References: Alia, T., & Irwansyah, I. (2018). Pendampingan orang tua pada anak usia dini dalam penggunaan teknologi digital [parent mentoring of young children in the use of digital technology]. Polyglot: Jurnal Ilmiah, 14(1), 65–78. Allen, K. 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Background: No doubt, new communication technology has turned the whole world into a "Global Village". Technology, as it is, though, like two sides of a coin, carries both the negative and the positive sides of it. It allows people to be well educated, enlightened, and keep up with changes in the world. Technology is exposing society to a new way to do stuff. Objective of the study: Effect of digital media on academic performance in undergraduate students. Materials and Methods: The research population consisted of all students who from 2017-2020 academic years are studying at Malwanchal University willing to participate in the study and complete the questionnaires entirely. Stratified sampling at random was done. Variables of social media use were measured by the Merton (1968) social network site use scale and academic performance was evaluated according to the self-reported GPA. Results: The results showed that the mean percentage of users belonging to low social network sites among the sample categories, average users of social network sites and high users of social network sites varied significantly. Conclusion: The use of social networking sites on the Internet has a negative effect on academic success. The value of learning to balance the use of social networking sites for better purposes is found to aid in their academic standing. Keywords: Social Network Sites (SNSs), Academic performance

Watch the VIDEO of the presentation.The advent of the internet has meant that scholarly communication has changed immeasurably over the past two decades but in some ways it has hardly changed at all. The coin in the realm of any research remains the publication of novel results in a high impact journal – despite known issues with the Journal Impact Factor. This elusive goal has led to many problems in the research process: from hyperauthorship to high levels of retractions, reproducibility problems and 'cherry picking' of results. The veracity of the academic record is increasingly being brought into question. An additional problem is this static reward systems binds us to the current publishing regime, preventing any real progress in terms of widespread open access or even adoption of novel publishing opportunities. But there is a possible solution. Increased calls to open research up and provide a greater level of transparency have started to yield practical real solutions. This talk will cover the problems we currently face and describe some of the innovations that might offer a way forward.

El presente estudio tiene como objetivos: conocer las consecuencias del uso del Smartphone en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes, identificar las razones que generan la necesidad de utilizar constantemente el celular, describir la influencia del Smartphone en su rendimiento académico y finalmente, identificar si el uso del Smartphone es percibido como beneficioso o perjudicial por los estudiantes en el rendimiento académico.
Tesis

Las actuales interfaces web de gestión de contenidos y del aprendizaje pueden ser favorecidas a través de nuevos componentes multimedia que son soportados por arquitecturas de software no propietario. De estos se destacan la transmisión de audio-video y la sincronización de presentaciones, los que permiten potenciar los sistemas de aprendizaje basados en web, hecho en que se fundamenta la importancia de la presente memoria. El objetivo general de este trabajo de título es mostrar alternativas de software no propietario que permitan llevar a cabo el diseño y la implementación de servicios basados en web. Estos últimos se utilizan en la academia virtual, la cual corresponde a una plataforma de apoyo a la docencia y de procesos formativos a distancia. Se utiliza una metodología que consiste en realizar una recopilación de los antecedentes de las tecnologías, como protocolos de comunicación, códecs, y las plataformas de desarrollo de software que permitan cumplir los objetivos planteados en este trabajo de título. Se definen los servicios que ha de tener la academia virtual, tomando en cuenta el ámbito económico y los fines docentes de este trabajo. Se procede al diseño de los componentes, subdividiéndolos de manera modular según sus funcionalidades. Se construyen ejemplos y se ponen a prueba, analizando el posible potencial y adaptabilidad a los objetivos propuestos en la memoria. Como resultado final se entrega una revisión de la tecnología Flash, del servidor de streaming RED5, de la plataforma de desarrollo Openlaszlo, y de herramientas de conversión de documentos por medio de ejemplos prácticos aplicados a la academia virtual. Además, se pone en funcionamiento el nuevo canal de comunicación desarrollado para Asterisk, software líder a nivel mundial en sistemas de telefonía open source, el cual permite la comunicación con Skype. Finalmente, se concluye que se han implementado de manera exitosa los componentes de la academia virtual, correspondientes a la transmisión de audio–video, la sincronización de presentaciones y la conversión de documentos. De esta forma se cumplen los objetivos propuestos, por utilizarse en su totalidad software no propietario. Asimismo, se entregan los lineamientos para futuros trabajos de título que puedan generar nuevas aplicaciones a los software usados dentro de esta memoria.

This thesis examines the history of Commonwealth Government higher education policy in Australia between 1958 and 1997 and its impact on the development of two groups of academic librarians: the Association of Librarians in Colleges in Advanced Education (ALCAE) and the Committee of Australian University Librarians (CAUL). Although university librarians had met occasionally since the late 1920s, it was only in 1965 that a more formal organisation, known as CAUL, was established to facilitate the exchange of ideas and information. ALCAE was set up in 1969 and played an important role helping develop a special concept of library service peculiar to the newly formed College of Advanced Education (CAE) sector. As well as examining the impact of Commonwealth Government higher education policy on ALCAE and CAUL, the thesis also explores the influence of other factors on these two groups, including the range of personalities that comprised them, and their relationship with their parent institutions and with other professional groups and organisations. The study focuses on how higher education policy and these other external and internal factors shaped the functions, aspirations, and internal dynamics of these two groups and how this resulted in each group evolving differently. The author argues that, because of the greater attention given to the special educational role of libraries in the CAE curriculum, the group of college librarians had the opportunity to participate in, and have some influence on, Commonwealth Government statutory bodies responsible for the coordination of policy and the distribution of funding for the CAE sector. The link between ALCAE and formal policy-making processes resulted in a more dynamic group than CAUL, with the university librarians being discouraged by their Vice-Chancellors from having contact with university funding bodies because of the desire of the universities to maintain a greater level of control over their affairs and resist interference from government. The circumstances of each group underwent a reversal over time as ALCAE's effectiveness began to diminish as a result of changes to the CAE sector and as member interest was transferred to other groups and organisations. Conversely, CAUL gradually became a more active group during the 1980s and early 1990s as a result of changes to higher education, the efforts of some university librarians, and changes in membership. This study is based principally on primary source material, with the story of ALCAE and CAUL being told through the use of a combination of original documentation (including minutes of meetings and correspondence) and interviews with members of each group and other key figures.

La Constitución de Montecristi ha superado la barrera de la primera década, suerte con la que no corrió la Constitución del 98 y muchas otras que han pasado por la vida republicana del Ecuador. Una Norma Constitucional que, como podemos recordar, se construyó fuertemente influenciada por las demandas de los movimientos sociales, necesita de una veeduría permanente por la sociedad y, por supuesto, por la academia. El ambicioso texto constitucional que fue aprobado por una abrumadora mayoría mediante referendum, inclinó su balanza hacia el respeto a los derechos y abría paso al Estado Constitucional de Derechos y Justicia, permitiendo que la Constitución se convierta, como nunca antes, en norma viva para el ejercicio del derecho interno.

La presente monografía representa la tesis doctoral defendida en el año 2021, en la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, España, bajo la coordinación del director Prof. Dr. D. José Manuel Rodríguez Uribes, un reconocido filósofo del derecho y hombre político. Durante sus estudios de doctorado, la autora también realizó una estancia de investigación en el Centro de Estudios de Derecho Europeo del Instituto de Investigación Jurídica "Acad. Andrei Rădulescu" de la Academia Rumana, bajo la atenta dirección del Prof. Dr. Mihai Daniel Șandru. El texto de la tesis doctoral está en español y contiene un resumen y conclusiones en inglés y rumano. Teniendo en cuenta que la vida del ciudadano está migrando cada vez más al espacio virtual - comunidades virtuales, internet banking, telemedicina, información e investigación desde fuentes digitales, comercio electrónico, virtual dating, virtual reality etc. – las medidas de protección del individuo en el espacio cibernético deben ser concebidas en directa correlación con las medidas de seguridad específicas para el entorno offline. Si el entorno offline está bien determinado y cuenta con actores bien definidos (estados, territorios administrativos, instituciones con responsabilidades en materia de seguridad y protección ciudadana, etc.), el espacio virtual sigue siendo una jungla, sin límites determinadas y sin órganos de control que puedan proteger a los usuarios vulnerables cuando se convierten en víctimas de los delincuentes digitales (autores de noticias falsas, pedófilos, espías digitales, bullies, ladrones de identidad o de datos personales etc.). La investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar el marco jurídico aplicable a la restricción del ejercicio de los derechos fundamentales en el entorno online, así como las normas legales que protegen el derecho a la privacidad, el derecho a la información y la libre expresión. La ciberseguridad y el marco regulatorio aplicable tanto a nivel europeo, como al nivel internacional, son otros dos temas de interés para la tesis.

Since its publication in 1982, the Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan has become the main reference work for the archaeology of Afghanistan, and the standard sites and monuments record for the region; archaeological sites are now referred to under their Gazetteer catalogue number as routine in academic literature, and the volume has become a key text for developing research in the area. This revised and updated edition has been significantly expanded to incorporate new field-work and discoveries, as well as older field-work more recently published, and presents new cases of synthesis and unpublished material from private archives. New discoveries include the Rabatak inscription detailing the genealogy of the Kushan kings, a huge archive of Bactrian documents, Aramaic documents from Balkh on the last days of the Persian empire, a new Greek inscription from Kandahar, two tons of coins from Mir Zakah, a Sasanian relief of Shapur at Rag-i Bibi, a Buddhist monastic 'city' at Kharwar, new discoveries of Buddhist art at Mes Aynak and Tepe Narenj, and a newly revealed city at the Minaret of Jam. With over 1500 catalogue entries, supplemented with concordance material, site plans, drawings, and detailed maps prepared from satellite imagery, the Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan: Revised Edition is the most comprehensive reference work on the archaeology and monuments of the region ever undertaken. Cataloguing all recorded sites and monuments from the earliest times to the Timurid period, this volume will be an invaluable contribution to the renewed interest in Afghanistan's cultural heritage and an essential resource for students and researchers.

Robert Andrew Glendinning Carson (1918–2006), a Fellow of the British Academy, spent his career at the British Museum, where he rose to be Keeper of the Department of Coins & Medals. He was the leading British expert in Roman numismatics of his generation. Carson was a prolific scholar and his bibliography runs to more than 350 items. He had been set high standards by his mentor, Harold Mattingly, who served as Curator of Roman coins at the British Museum from 1910 to 1947. But perhaps Carson's most influential contribution to the study of Roman coins lay in the work he carried out in collaboration with John Kent. As Curator of Roman coins at the British Museum, it was perhaps inevitable that Carson should take an interest in the coins of the British usurpers Carausius and Allectus, and he published a series of papers on their coinages. Carson had an international reputation: he was actively involved in the organisation of international numismatic congresses from the 1950s.

Conflicts of interest (COIs) have always occurred in scientific research, but they did not catch the public’s attention until the 1980s, when the relationship between private companies and academic institutions intensified, due, in part, to legislative changes that encourage technology transfer from the public to the private sector; as well as innovation and growth in biotechnology, pharmaceutical, computers, and other key technologies (OECD 2005). Although most commentaries and guidelines concerning COIs in science focus on research sponsored by private companies, COIs can also arise in other contexts (OECD 2005), for example in Think Tanks. Clifton and Freeman (2021) reported that Think Tanks produce valuable research reports, opinion piece, and expert commentary, however, their work can be compromised by funders, lack of transparency, and COIs. This chapter will analyse and unpack COIs that may arise in a Biotechnology based Think Tank and their possible impact on the public.

The increasing popularity and accessibility of affordable computer-mediated communication is rapidly changing the way in which we, as a society, interact and conduct business. This phenomenon is pervasive in all market sectors, including virtual K-12 education. This chapter examines collective and individual use of synchronous text chat to explore learner and instructor social and cognitive presence as well as their attitudes toward online learning. This mode of communication unilaterally enriches the observational learning experience for all participants. Overall, four meaningful social and cognitive functions of synchronous text chat in online learning contexts emerge: a) enhancing enjoyment, b) engagement and noticing, c) achieving community and providing interactive immediacy, and d) bridging of theory to practice. In the spirit of 21st century technological development, the authors coin this use of SMS (synchronous texting) in academic settings EduTexting. They argue for its application and appropriateness in K-12 online courses.

El fenómeno de la violencia sexual contra la mujer ha sido ampliamente estudiado por la academia y reconocido a nivel periodístico; en la población masculina, por el contrario, parece ser un fenómeno que se ha invisibilizado debido a las escasas estadísticas al respecto y a variables socioculturales como el sexismo, que impiden que este fenómeno cobre la importancia que merece. Como consecuencia, se invisibiliza a su vez la necesidad de crear políticas de prevención de la violencia. La presente investigación se propuso analizar la representación de esta problemática en los principales medios de comunicación de acceso libre de Colombia haciendo una revisión del volumen de noticias en las páginas de internet de dichos medios alrededor de tres términos clave: violencia sexual, acoso sexual y abuso sexual; se realizaron comparaciones por género y se categorizaron las menciones de los términos asociadas con víctimas masculinas. Como resultado, se encontró una baja representación de la violencia sexual contra varones en comparación con la representación de los casos de violencia sexual contra mujeres, lo cual pone en riesgo la posible concienciación de la problemática y la aplicación de medidas de prevención y apoyo a las víctimas.

The rise of the Internet has spawned the prolific use of the adjective “virtual.” Both the popular press and scholarly researchers have written about virtual work, virtual teams, virtual organizations, and virtual groups. But perhaps one of the most interesting phenomena to come to the forefront has been that of virtual communities. Many definitions of this term have been proposed and the term has been used in many different ways. This article will examine some of the most popular definitions and guidelines to understand what truly constitutes a virtual community. To define a virtual community, one needs to first examine the two words separately, particularly the sociological definition of “community.” The German sociologist Ferdinand Tonnies, in his 1887 book, made the distinction between two basic types of social groups: Gemeinschaft (community) and Gesellschaft (society). The former was often exemplified by the family or neighborhood (Tonnies, 1957). Sociology literature also often refers to the definition given by George Hillery, who reviewed 94 different definitions in academic studies. Three elements were common to the definitions, namely that community (1) was based on geographic areas, (2) included social interaction among people, and (3) had common ties such as social life, norms, means, or ends (Hillery, 1955). Thus the term community typically connotes a group of people within some geographic boundary, such as a neighborhood, or perhaps smaller subsection of a larger city. Further specification might have defined a community as a group of people within the geographic boundary with a common interest, such as the Jewish community of Brooklyn or the physician community of London. Therefore, members of the community were drawn together by both local proximity and common interest, even if the interest was in the geographic area itself. The term virtual, precipitated by the advent of information technology, and specifically, the Internet, means without a physical place as a home (Handy, 1995), or that which is electronic or enabled by technology (Lee, Vogel, & Limayem, 2003). Information technology therefore has expanded the means by which the social interaction in communities can be accomplished. While for most of human existence interaction was strictly limited to the face-to-face medium, social interaction can now be accomplished virtually, thus eliminating the necessity of being physically close enough to communicate. This type of communication is called computer-mediated communication (CMC). Combining the two terms together, thus, would mean eliminating the geographic requirements and allowing that the social interaction would occur virtually, that is, via information technology, among people with common ties. In fact, people have been coming together in virtual communities on the Internet for over 25 years. Usenet newsgroups, started in 1979, are widely regarded as the first virtual communities on the Internet (M. A. Smith, 1999), and The Well (www.well.com), started in 1985, is often referred to as an early exemplar of virtual community (Rheingold, 1993). Virtual communities may be part of a long-term shift away from geographic ties to common interest ties (Wellman & Gulia, 1999b). Formal definitions and understandings of the term virtual community still remain problematic, however (Lee et al., 2003). Perhaps the most cited definition is that of Howard Rheingold, a prominent author, consultant, and member of The Well: Social aggregations that emerge from the Net when enough people carry on those public discussions long enough, with sufficient human feeling, to form webs of personal relationships in cyberspace. (Rheingold, 1993, p. 5) Common to many of the definitions is the presence of shared interests or goals (Dennis, Pootheri, & Natarajan, 1998; Figallo, 1998; Kilsheimer, 1997). With the advent of information technology, locating/contacting others outside the local community has become relatively easy, especially when one seeks others who have a unique or uncommon interest. It may be that technology makes it easier for communities to form. For example, it may be difficult for someone interested in traditional bowhunting to locate others with the same inclinations by popping into the local tavern or socializing at a church function. However, a simple search in Google reveals a vibrant community centered around such an interest (www.bowsite.com/). There are virtual communities for nearly every interest that comes to mind, from medical afflictions (e.g., breast cancer, Parkinson’s, Down’s syndrome) to hobbies (e.g., coin collecting, wine, saltwater aquariums) to professions (e.g., nursing, law, finance). Implicit with the notion of community is some permanence among members and frequency of visits by members (A. D. Smith, 1999). Virtual communities must have a sense of long-term interaction (Erickson, 1997), not a place where people go only occasionally or where there are always different people. It is not uncommon for people to develop strong attachments to virtual communities, visiting them often enough to be described as “addicted” (Hiltz, 1984; Hiltz & Wellman, 1997). The members often feel part of a larger social whole within a web of relationships with others (Figallo, 1998). Indeed, many researchers have considered virtual communities as social networks (Hiltz & Wellman, 1997; Wellman, 1996; Wellman & Gulia, 1999a). Ridings et al. (2002) offer a comprehensive definition that incorporates the afore-mentioned concepts: Groups of people with common interests and practices that communicate regularly and for some duration in an organized way over the Internet through a common location or mechanism. (p. 273)

I must have been one of Barry’s first research students in Oxford when he took over supervision of my doctoral thesis in 1973. Central Gaul and its coinage in the late Iron Age were still frontier areas for research for a British student and I had come to them from Classics and Roman history, with a special interest in coinage but with no experience whatever of archaeology. I am eternally grateful to Barry for his kindly and enthusiastic guidance as I completed my thesis on time and for his encouragement to continue afterwards with research into Iron Age economy and society. He invited me to give my first public paper at the landmark Oppida conference at Rewley House in 1975 (Nash 1976) and we jointly supervised a number of research students while I was at the Ashmolean Museum as Assistant Keeper first of Roman, then of Greek coins in the Heberden Coin Room, which I left in 1986 to pursue another career as a Child Psychotherapist. I doubt I would have had the energy or self-discipline to return to part-time, freelance study of Iron Age Italy in its wider European setting a few years ago had Barry not greeted a draft of something I had written on French prehistory with, ‘Don’t stop now!’ and sponsored my application for an Honorary Research Associateship at the Institute of Archaeology at Oxford. With this chapter based on work in progress I would like to thank him for all his support over the years, and celebrate a long association. Re-reading some of Barry’s recent books with this paper in mind I found I kept wanting to engage him in conversation in the many places where, with an enviable narrative freedom that it is difficult to imagine in the academic archaeology of thirty years ago, he evokes the reality of people’s lives in the past, whether it be Pytheas’ journey to the frozen north (Cunliffe 2002) or the Celtic raiding mentality (Cunliffe 1997: 88–9) or wondering whether old fighters living in the Fayum oasis in the mid-third century BC told ‘their incredulous children stories of the fertile Danube plain or the pine-clad slopes of Mount Parnassos remembered from the time when they had camped in its shadow waiting to pillage Delphi’ (Cunliffe 1997: 182).

In this call-to-action chapter, Roar C. Pettersen’s reflections in chapter 16 serve as a starting point for summarizing some of the general issues in the book that should be of interest not only to docents, but also other actors in the academic field. Seven points are touched on. (1) The poorly defined docent position, and (2) the constant pro and con discussions associated with the position; (3) the didactic competence of the docents as a key to improved quality of teaching; (4) the differing career ladders of professor and docent seen as an advantage or a challenge, and (5) how to galvanize synergy; (6) who within the landscape of higher education is responsible for implementing change; and (7) how to increase recruitment of docents. The editors do not present clear answers or easy solutions. Rather, they openly invite discussion on these issues. At the same time, they envision a climate in which professors and docents join hands in the same research project as a wishful way to bridge the gap between the two positions, and thereby create synergy.

In recent years, the potential of agricultural wastes has received increasing attention from academia and industry. The aim has been to identify strategies for the conversion of low-value wastes into new materials and other value-added products. Cellulose is a naturally abundant polymer that is readily available in various agricultural wastes. It is a linear polymer consisting of β-D-glucopyranose units (disaccharides) joined by glycosidic β-1,4 bonds. Nanoparticles can be extracted from cellulose fibers using a top-down mechanically or chemically treatment. Cellulose nanomaterials have generated significant interest due to their intrinsic properties such as large surface-to-volume ratios, high tensile strength, stiffness, and flexibility in addition to good dynamic mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. The use of nanocellulose for reinforcement in matrices improves thermo-mechanical properties, decreases the sensitivity of polymers to water, and preserves biodegradability. The mixing of nanocellulose with polysaccharides improves mechanical properties. Nano-sized cellulose fibers possess unique physical, chemical, and morphological characteristics. Hence, nano-sized cellulose fibers are considered versatile materials for addition to polymers, and application in high gas barriers and packaging materials. Other uses include electronic devices, foods, medicine, cosmetics, and health care. This chapter focuses on the cellulose nanofibers attained from banana, pineapple and corn-based agricultural wastes.

Liberal education has always proved a challenge to deliver systematically, if only because by its very nature it is difficult to specify. In the United States, institutions that seek to offer liberal education on the threshold of a new century operate under new or, at least, significantly more chafing constraints. This article examines some of these constraints and suggests ways in which they can be relieved or accommodated. The principle constraints discussed here are those of shrinking material resources, expanding and accelerating expectations, and increasing heterogeneity across the student body. In the face of these constraints, academic institutions from small liberal arts colleges to large research universities are no better able than other institutions to adapt themselves to changing circumstances—and perhaps a little bit less so. Resource constraints stem from internal and external causes. The internal causes, I will argue, are the result of an economic anomaly. It is not possible for the direct delivery of liberal education to become significantly more efficient in the same way that other economic processes do, at least in part because liberal education is not something that can be "delivered": thus, there is a productivity lag behind other sectors in the economy. The institution cannot fully compensate for this lag by making improvements in the efficiency of other activities (e.g., computing or building maintenance). The external causes, in the public sector, arise from the insistent demands for other uses of public funds, combined with continued popular resistance to tax levels comparable to those of other industrial democracies. In the private sector, the external cause is the declining capacity (or willingness) of families and individual payers to meet even a partial share of the cost of liberal education. Other constraints result from expanding and accelerating expectations as students and their families demand that they be prepared for specific jobs or get a leg up on specific postgraduate professional training. In a sense this is the other side of the coin of employers' broader demand for higher education. As the proportion of jobs requiring undergraduate and graduate degrees has increased, the vocational aspect of higher education has increased accordingly.

Desde su concepción en el 2008, la tecnología blockchain ha causado un gran interés en los últimos años. La aplicación inicial fue en el ámbito de las criptomonedas, dando soporte a Bitcoin. Este hecho ya de por sí supuso una revolución en el ámbito de la economía, pues la tecnología hacía posible prescindir de intermediarios (es decir, bancos y entidades financieras) en las transacciones económicas, ahorrando costes y evitando un control centralizado de la información registrada en la blockchain. Más adelante, la tecnología ha evolucionadopara incluir sobre ella la posibilidad de registrar lógica de negocio (es decir, código informático) en la propia blockchain a través de los contratos inteligentes. Esto, junto con el desarrollo de plataformas que permiten implementar blockchains con acceso controlado, ha abierto la puerta a un sinfín de aplicaciones más allá de las criptomonedas. Por otro lado, el concepto de internet de las cosas (IoT, en inglés), donde objetos cotidianos se conectan a internet, generando cantidades ingentes de datos que procesar (usualmente en lo que se conoce como computación en la niebla), es un campo de investigación e innovación que también ha generado gran interés de la industria y la academia en los últimos años. Las tecnologías IoT suponen un complemento perfecto para dotar de conexión con el mundo real a la información almacenada en la blockchain. En este trabajo realizaremos una breve introducción a blockchain y al internet de las cosas y revisaremos algunas aplicaciones que combinan ambas temáticas. Finalizaremos con una pequeña introducción a la línea de investigación sobre blockchain en entornos IoT que llevamos a cabo en el Instituto de Investigación en Informática de Albacete (I3A) de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha.

In this paper a development of a distance learning system using virtual reality and augmented techniques will be presented, having two research directions: use of augmented reality applications in the development of e-labs for students, master students and researchers, and learning systems and simulation of robotic systems respectively, based on movements in a virtual reality environment. Development of the e-lab application involves the realization of calibration of the sensors and the existence of a communication system that uses the Internet. The robot system controlled remotely via the Internet is a 5-axis Mitsubishi RV-M1 Movemaster and it's task is to manipulate various objects placed on a checkered table. The scene is viewed by a CCD camera and the images are transmitted over the Internet to the computer of the human operator. The computer determines the position and orientation of each object and then the human operator places the order of handling to the robot - order which is transmitted via the Internet. Y., Kansal, S., Choudhary, Forecasting the Reliability of Software via Neural Networks, International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies, Vol. 5 (2) , 2014, 2658-2661 A., Colin , I., Puaut, Worst Case Execution Time Analysis for a Processor with Branch Prediction, The International Journal of Time-Critical Computing Systems, 18, 249-274 (2000), 2000 Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston. Manufactured in The Netherlands. C., Zhong Xu, Le Yi Wang, N., Tai Fong, Stochastic Prediction of Execution Time for Dynamic Bulk Synchronous Computations, The Journal of Supercomputing, 21, 91-103, 2002, Kluwer Academic Publishers. J., Hansen, R., Nelson, Time-series analysis with neural networks and ARIMA-neural network hybrids. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, 15(3), 315-330. 2003.

En el presente documento se pretende evidenciar la metodología de trabajo, desarrollo, resultados de los retos y acciones de los miembros del capítulo, quienes han afrontado el cumplimiento de los objetivos en el marco de la participación activa y responsable en los nuevos espacios académicos extracurriculares bajo la innovación y formación con tecnologías de información durante los años 2020 y 2021. Desde la coordinación del FCEI en el 2021 se detectó el interés de trabajar en un reporte de las diferentes estrategias y temáticas adoptadas por los estudiantes para el desarrollo de las actividades tradicionales del voluntariado en proyectos sociales, encuentros de estudiantes mensuales y anuales, foros y talleres de estudiantes en el marco del encuentro internacional de ACOFI y la participación en la presentación y concurso de trabajos de estudiantes de ingeniería. Lo anterior es considerando de alta prioridad porque la consolidación de redes académicas actualmente son una necesidad tanto para los estudiantes de pregrado como para los diferentes actores del proceso educativo en ingeniería, que buscan un espacio para profundizar en temas afines a sus carreras, así mismo solucionar las desventajas que actualmente pueden tener a la hora de enfrentarse tanto en la academia como en el mundo laboral. Las limitaciones que visibilizó la pandemia a nivel mundial en los espacios académicos, presentaronoportunidades y nuevas tendencias sobre el auge y verdadero uso de Internet, invento revolucionario que finalmente ha cambiado por completo toda la vida del ser humano, cómo por ejemplo las formas de comunicación, tiempo de trabajo y estudio, almacenamiento de datos, disminuciones de brecha tecnológica e intercambio informativo. Finalmente, esta propuesta se diseñó para demostrar que en los procesos de redes de voluntariado de formación en ingeniería se ha continuado con el trabajo en diferentes contextos, nuevastendencias de modalidad y tecnología. Con el único interés, de visibilizar los proyectos con estudiantes en situaciones extraordinarias que han forzado a aplicar estrategias que les permitiera continuar con los eventos de enseñanza-aprendizaje de forma remota.

La Internet ofrece oportunidades para que las empresas de cualquier tamaño utilicen las aplicaciones de mercado electrónico soportadas en la nube con el fin de gestionar las interacciones empresa-consumidor de manera eficaz. Con el objeto de aprovechar esta tendencia, existe la oportunidad de crear nuevos nichos de mercados y fidelizarlos, por lo que se propone un proyecto de investigación cuyo objetivo es la construcción de una plataforma marketplace que permita transformar procesos de compra y venta de productos de 19 cooperativas beneficiarias de la Fundación Evolución Caribe que atiende población en posconflicto de los departamentos de Bolívar, Sucre, Cesar y Guajira. Inicialmente se realiza una revisión de los trabajos relacionados con la comercialización de diferentes productos, las tendencias y tecnologías utilizadas para la construcción de marketplace. La metodología utilizada corresponde al ciclo de vida de desarrollo de sistemas, el cual propone las fases de análisis de requerimientos, diseño, desarrollo y pruebas del sistema. Los resultados describen el prototipo construido integrando una arquitectura soportada en capas, con componentes y tecnologías que posibilitan las funcionalidades identificadas en la fase de análisis de requerimientos y que permiten hacer negocios con clientes y entre las mismas cooperativas de forma confiable. El frontend del sistema se construyó en el CMS WordPress y está disponible en: https://cloud-webservice.com/evolucioncaribe/marketplace/. En cuanto al backend, la capa de presentación Integra la vista del comprador, en la cual puede seleccionar un catálogo diversificado de productos, ver el detalle, seleccionar la cantidad y puede efectuar la compra y pago a través de los medios que la cooperativa tenga disponibles. Por otra parte, la vista del vendedor permite crear el catálogo de sus propios productos, realizar ofertas y revisar el historial de sus pedidos. La vista del administrador del sistema permite configurar los parámetros y generar los reportes estadísticos requeridos para el análisis y toma de decisiones a partir de indicadores. Finalmente se concluye que este proyecto es un esfuerzo de la academia para posibilitar el cierre de la brecha digital, apostarle a la sostenibilidad de emprendimientos de comunidades en posconflicto y salir de sus condiciones de vulnerabilidad.

Abstract The success of the da Vinci system has shown the feasibility and a great potential of using robotic systems to improve healthcare. With a trend of replacing more and more invasive surgeries with minimally invasive interventional procedures, developing robotic systems for interventions has seen a boost of interest from both the industry and the academia in the past two decades. Using robotics to conduct intervention procedures is expected to better protect the clinicians by reducing their radiation exposure and to create better patient outcome in cases where high positional accuracy is needed, such as placing a stent or a coil. However, adoption of interventional robotics has been slow due to the limitations of current interventional robotic systems such as a steep learning curve, lack of haptic feedback, and safety concern. This narrative review first introduces the current clinical applications of interventional robotic systems and their limitations. The major technological features of interventional robotics, including the master-slave manipulator, soft continuum robot, and end effector, are then described. Finally, several manufacturing research topics are proposed for future interventional robotic systems.

Este proyecto tiene como finalidad crear un espacio de enseñanza aprendizaje que beneficie a los estudiantes de la Corporación Universitaria Adventista (UNAC). El consultorio se convertirá en una fuente de acercamiento de la institución desde el programa de Ingeniería Industrial con las empresas para impactar desde la academia, el mejoramiento de los procesos en la cadena de abastecimiento de estas. Esta iniciativa proporcionará oportunidades para mejorar habilidades, expandir conocimientos y vincularlos con la práctica de diversas empresas y procesos. El objetivo es ofrecer experiencias reales que refuercen los conceptos adquiridos alrededor de la carrera. Actualmente la Corporación Universitaria Adventista (UNAC) no cuenta con un espacio académico/laboral, para generar un acercamiento al mejoramiento de procesos de empresas internas o externas a la institución, esto es importante para los estudiantes porque les permite adquirir los conocimientos y competencias adecuados durante la etapa final de estudio, llevándolos a ser más competitivos en el mundo laboral. Los estudiantes de los últimos semestres de Ingeniería Industrial que cursen las asignaturas de proyectos de grado podrán brindar asistencia logística en procesos de la cadena de suministros a empresas, microempresas y Pymes del valle de Aburrá, fortaleciendo su perfil profesional. La creación de un consultorio logístico en la Corporación Universitaria Adventista UNAC, permitiría a los estudiantes practicar en escenarios reales y adquirir habilidades prácticas que les serán útiles en su futuro profesional. Esto les daría una ventaja competitiva en el mercado laboral. La creación de un consultorio logístico dentro de una universidad permitiría a la industria tener acceso a una fuente de egresados competentes para cubrir puestos de trabajo en el campo de la logística y la gestión de la cadena de suministro.

Este artículo resume el producto de un taller académico en el que se reflexiona sobre el sector Estación Villa, el cual hace parte del centro tradicional de Medellín y se cuestiona sobre, ¿cómo abordar un territorio, con una zona, que ha quedado excluida por cuenta de las intervenciones desarrolladas en sus bordes y ha propiciado en su interior, mezcla de diferentes grupos poblacionales y actividades, en las que, la ilegalidad e informalidad lo han llevado a la exclusión urbana y social del resto de la ciudad. Se propone una intervención que interprete las dinámicas sociales y la ocupación del territorio, que tendrá como punto de partida, la inclusión social y la articulación urbana. Dicha intervención, propone estrategias innovadoras que le apuestan a una regeneración urbana, que construya tejido social y articule a Estación Villa con el resto de la ciudad. This article summarizes the product of an academic workshop in which we reflect on the Estación Villa sector, which is part of the Medellin traditional downtown and questions about how to tackle a territory, an area which has been excluded on account of interventions developed at its edges and has led inside, mixing different population groups and activities, which, illegality and informality have led to urban and social exclusion of the rest of the city. An intervention to interpret the social dynamics and the occupation of territory, taking as a starting point, social inclusion and urban articulation is proposed. This intervention proposes innovative strategies betting on urban regeneration build social fabric and articulates Station Villa with the rest of the city.

Hoy día la ciencia ha demostrado que el cambio climático presentado recientemente es debido al calentamiento global producido por la acción del ser humano desde el período industrial. Esta situación plantea desafíos que deben ser resueltos desde el trabajo conjunto de diferentes actores de distintas disciplinas. Por su parte, la innovación social abarca un propósito general de hacer del mundo un lugar mejor en diferentes campos y para todas las personas de manera equitativa. Esta perspectiva más incluyente, participativa y crítica se considera un modelo pertinente para abordar una problemática compleja y multidimensional como la del cambio climático. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, la Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales, en el marco del Bosque Modelo Risaralda (BMR) y en un trabajo conjunto con el programa Erasmus+ de la Unión Europea, se encuentra desarrollando el proyecto ClimateLabs, el cual busca fortalecer las capacidades en innovación e investigación de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira (UTP) a través del diseño de un laboratorio de innovación social para hacer frente a la problemática de cambio climático desde un enfoque de género: Living Lab UTP. El Design Thinking fue la metodología base para el diseño del laboratorio a través de cinco etapas, tales como: Empatizar, Definir, Idear, Prototipar y Testear. Dichas etapas permitieron identificar las capacidades internas de la universidad y desafíos del territorio en cuanto a cambio climático y perspectiva de género, también permitieron reconocer las líneas de acción iniciales del laboratorio, llevar a cabo su incubación y desarrollar dos prototipos iníciales para testear la propuesta de diseño realizada. Este laboratorio de innovación social se propone como una plataforma de diálogo y acción donde comunidad, instituciones y academia trabajan de manera colaborativa, con especial atención en problemas ambientales y sociales, puntualmente aquellos relacionados con cambio climático e inequidad de género en Risaralda. Por un lado, el Living Lab UTP servirá para conectar el aprendizaje de estudiantes con las necesidades y retos del territorio; por otro, se visualiza como una estrategia para articular el conocimiento académico y ancestral en pro del desarrollo e implementación de soluciones eficientes a este tipo de problemas de carácter sistémico y complejo.

Resumen: El reciente interés académico en el Movimiento surrealista constituye una revisión de largo alcance, habiéndose ampliado el campo de análisis con evidente ambición multidisciplinar. Su estratégica relación con otras disciplinas, la impostación de sus derivas urbanas como prácticas sociales y etnográficas, la profundización en las técnicas de manipulación de la fotografía y la escritura, la naturalización de la fragmentación asociada al montaje y, finalmente, la revisión de la imprecisa naturaleza del objeto surrealista en sus distintas versiones (objet trouvé, objet à réaction poétique, objet-type, ready-made, etc.) y su función seminal en lo contemporáneo, facilitan un escenario de investigación complejo y abierto. Un escenario en el que la obra de Le Corbusier se dibuja en una nueva perspectiva. Le Corbusier adoptó técnicas afines al surrealismo, como la fotografía, el montaje y el caligrama, con el objeto de ampliar el significado de los paradigmas asociados a la racionalidad productiva y tecnológica, en particular los que construyen el espacio doméstico. El uso tales medios discursivos y de divulgación asociados con el surrealismo facilitó la contaminación de su discurso con las estrategias desestabilizadoras y conflictivas características del Movimiento. Abstract: The recent academic interest in the surrealist movement is a far-reaching review, having widened the scope of analysis with evident multidisciplinary ambition. Its strategic relationship with other disciplines, the imposture of their urban drifts as social and ethnographic practices, the deepening on the manipulation techniques of photography and writing, the naturalization of fragmentation associated with montage and, finally, the review of the imprecise nature of the Surrealist object in its different versions (objet trouvé, objet à réaction poétique, objet-type, ready-made, etc.) and its seminal role in the contemporary facilitate an open and complex research scenario. A scenario within which the work of Le Corbusier is perceived in a new perspective. Le Corbusier adopted techniques related to surrealism, such as photography, montage, automatism and the calligram, in order to expand as well as undermine the meaning of canonical paradigms associated to productive and technological rationality, in particular those related to the domestic milieu. The use of such display of discursive instruments facilitated the contamination of his editorial and architectural work with the destabilizing and conflicting strategies that characterize the Movement. Palabras Clave: Surrealismo, metáforas obsesivas, montaje, automatismo, analogía, arbitrariedad. Keywords: Surrealism, obsessive metaphors, montage, automatism, analogy, arbitrariness. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.591

Espai Vert es una singular obra arquitectónica, realizada en Valencia a principios de los años 90. La utilización del hormigón visto en su colosal estructura combinada con una profusa vegetación, la convierten en todo un símbolo arquitectónico de su época. Su imponente materialidad y dimensiones hacen que esta obra pueda catalogarse como brutalista. Del mismo modo, también se encuentra dentro de la arquitectura modular residencial, ya que existe toda una suerte de leyes de combinatoria espacial para encajar sus viviendas en base a una trama regular. En los últimos años esta edificación ha visto incrementar su interés en el mundo académico, y ya son varios los equipos y organismos los que están poniendo de manifiesto su importancia. Este trabajo expone la visión del autor sobre alguno de los puntos más destacados de la obra a través de una entrevista, analiza la parte proyectual y estructural del edificio, y concluye con la importancia y significado del hormigón en esta obra.***Espai Vert is a singular architectonic work built in Valencia in the early 90’s. Its colossal fair-faced concrete structure combined with a profuse vegetation make it an architectural symbol of its time. This work can be catalogued as Brutalist due to its dimensions and materiality. Likewise, it belongs to the residential modular architec- ture, as there are a whole range of space combination rules that t its dwellings according to a regular layout. In recent years academic interest has increased towards this building, and currently various research teams and institutions are exposing its value. The present work exposes the architect’s points of view about some of the main points of this project through an interview, analysing the design and structural part of this building, and concludes with the importance and meaning of concrete in this work.

A nivel mundial, en los últimos años se ha observado un incremento en la cantidad de información que se transporta, se almacena y se procesa en Internet, esto debido no sólo a la cantidad de usuarios es también por el uso de diferentes dispositivos de cada individuo (1] Hoy se cuenta con diferentes componentes conectados a Internet que generan entregan y/o reciben 1nformac1on para hacer nuestras vidas mas fáciles (2) Información como la del GPS de nuestros celulares (para ayudarnos a tomar me1ores decisiones para viajar de un punto a otro). El ritmo cardiaco que detectan los relojes inteligentes para estar pendientes de a salud. Esta información es entregada a internet a servidores que almacenan la información, realizan análisis matemat1cos y devuelven j información relevante para cada usuario [3] La información crece tanto como los dispositivos conectados a Internet. sin embargo se ha observado que las capacidades de transportar esta información no crece al mismo ritmo que crecen los dispositivos y su información La institución no está exenta a este crecimiento y esto se puede percibir en los problemas de red que en ocasiones se presentan y que se aprecian como demora al navegar o fallas en las comunicaciones hacia algunas aplicaciones [4]. El proyecto tiene varios objetivos, tanto para la institución como para el desarrollo del presente proyecto El principal objetivo es aprovechar la información que generan y/o reciben los dispositivos loT (Internet de las cosas, por sus siglas en inglés) desde y hacia Internet, encontrar la utilización de los recursos de los dispositivos loT que hacen uso de los recursos de red en la Institución (cámaras web, sensores, accesos a la institución, etc.), desarrollar y llevar a cabo una encuesta en la Institución que permita hacer una muestra de la cantidad de dispositivos (smartphones, tablets smartwatches. gafas, portátiles. etc.) que utilizan los alumnos docentes y administrativos Obtener información de los dispositivos loT externos (que no se encuentren dentro de las instalaciones de la institución) pero que sean utilizados desde la red interna del Instituto.

En los últimos 25 años, la transformación digital ha ido ocupando un espacio creciente en las agendas políticas de gran parte de los países del mundo. Estonia es un reconocido ejemplo de ello. Ocupa lugares destacados en los rankings internacionales sobre la materia y tiene un Gobierno digital al servicio de los ciudadanos que les permite realizar trámites con el gobierno las 24 horas del día y los 7 días de la semana a través de internet. En esta publicación elaborada por el e-Governance Academy y traducida al español con la colaboración del BID se documentan las principales herramientas sobre las que se ha apoyado la transformación digital de Estonia, lo que el país ha aprendido en el proceso y los logros que ha generado el esfuerzo realizado. Las lecciones aprendidas y las orientaciones contenidas en este documento serán de gran valor para los todos los países que quieren aprovechar las tecnologías digitales para mejorar la eficiencia y la transparencia del sector público y las relaciones entre las instituciones públicas y los ciudadanos.

El proyecto que se presenta en este documento pretende aportar a la apropiación de las tecnologías recientes en el marco de la agricultura 4.0, la agricultura de precisión, el internet de las cosas y los vehículos aéreos no tripulados, como una alternativa para la aplicación controlada de fertilizantes en la agroindustria de Colombia. El proyecto se enmarca en una problemática global asociada a los efectos nocivos para el medio ambiente y el ser humano del uso excesivo de fertilizantes inorgánicos por parte de la agroindustria; hechos que han sido reportados en la literatura científica recientemente. Con el desarrollo del proyecto se espera aportar en la adopción de tecnologías e innovaciones que contribuyan como potenciales soluciones a la problemática descrita sobre la fertilización y uso racional del agua en nuestro país, en un contexto en el cual, la no apropiación de tecnologías que contribuyan al crecimiento sostenible de la agroindustria nacional aleja al país de las metas en materia desarrollo sostenible y de minimización de los efectos del cambio climático. Desde el punto de vista metodológico, el proyecto está estructurado en cuatro fases. Cada fase metodológica tiene asociado el cumplimiento de uno o varios objetivos específicos y se estructura en varias actividades principales. Así mismo, cada fase metodológica tiene definidos unos entregables que se dispondrán para entrega formal al finalizar la respectiva fase según cronograma. Se espera que, al finalizar el proyecto, se tenga implementado un prototipo funcional de una metodología para la aplicación eficaz de fertilización usando un vehículo aéreo no tripulado y telemetría controlada por tecnologías de internet de las cosas. Dicha metodología será evaluada de manera preliminar tanto conceptual como funcionalmente en un caso de estudio específico. Para lo cual, en el desarrollo del proyecto se tienen contempladas visitas de campo por parte del equipo de investigadores. Con los resultados de este proyecto se vislumbran oportunidades de articulación a mediano y largo plazo, lideradas por la ETITC, con el sector productivo y la academia. Adicionalmente, los resultados de este proyecto, le otorgarán mayor visibilidad nacional tanto al grupo de investigación K-Demy como a la Vicerrectoría de Investigación, Extensión y Transferencia de la ETITC a través, del Centro de Pensamiento y Desarrollo Tecnológico. Consecuentemente, se espera potencializar las oportunidades de colaboración conjunta con otros grupos de investigación, así como con posibles interesados en la implantación de las tecnologías estudiadas en cultivos de interés exportador de nuestro país.