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Brown, K. R., e C. Lill. "Cocksfoot". NZGA: Research and Practice Series 5 (1 de janeiro de 1990): 56–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.5.1998.3332.
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Around 1000 ha of cocksfoot seed are entered for certification each year. Average seed yields are 250 kg ha" for Grasslands Kara and 400 kg ha- for Grasslands Wana, but specialist growers can achieve at least another 100 kg ha-'. In the case of Wana cocksfoot yields of 700 kg ha" have been recorded.. Most of the cocksfoot seed crops in New Zealand are in the Methven area.
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TORRANCE, LESLEY, A. T. JONES e G. H. DUNCAN. "Properties of cocksfoot streak and cocksfoot cryptic, two viruses infecting cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) in Scotland". Annals of Applied Biology 124, n.º 2 (abril de 1994): 267–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1994.tb04133.x.
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TORRANCE, LESLEY, A. T. JONES e G. H. DUNCAN. "Properties of cocksfoot streak and cocksfoot cryptic, two viruses infecting cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerate) in Scotland". Annals of Applied Biology 124, n.º 3 (junho de 1994): 579–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1994.tb04162.x.
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Avery, A. L., D. L. Michalk, R. P. Thompson, P. Ball, T. Prance, C. A. Harris, D. W. FitzGerald, J. F. Ayres e B. A. Orchard. "Effects of sheep grazing management on cocksfoot herbage mass and persistence in temperate environments". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 40, n.º 2 (2000): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea98008.
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Cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) is among the most important perennial grass species sown in temperate Australia. Newly sown cocksfoot pastures were established on 5 commercial farms (sites), in the temperate high-rainfall (>600 mm annual rainfall) zone of eastern Australia. Experiments were located on these commercial farms, and were measured from September 1993 to August 1996, to compare the effect of seasonal sheep grazing management strategies with continuous grazing (control treatment) on cocksfoot herbage mass and plant frequencies. Each experiment had 8 common grazing treatments and up to 5 local treatments, with 2 replicates and 2 years of start for treatments. Cocksfoot herbage mass under continuous grazing declined at 2 sites, remained stable at 2 sites and increased at 1 site. No single grazing strategy had a significant linear (time) effect on cocksfoot herbage mass across sites and at the completion of monitoring in 1996 there were few treatments with a significant increase in fitted values for cocksfoot herbage mass compared to the continuously grazed control. Under moderate grazing pressure (8–10 dry sheep equivalents) cocksfoot pastures appeared to be relatively stable and unresponsive to grazing management and therefore continuous grazing seems to be appropriate. High grazing pressure in summer (herbage mass below 1000 kg/ha) can reduce cocksfoot persistence and in drought stock should be removed from cocksfoot pastures. Summer seasonal closure increased cocksfoot frequency at all sites, except Four Mile Creek and Dundee. These studies have shown it is possible to improve cocksfoot herbage mass through the implementation of strategic grazing practices, particularly over summer and early autumn.
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Ridley, AM, e SM Windsor. "Persistence and tolerance to soil acidity of phalaris and cocksfoot in north-eastern Victoria". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 32, n.º 8 (1992): 1069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9921069.
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Persistence of Phalaris aquatica L. cv. Sirosa (phalaris) and Dactylis glomerata cv. Porto (cocksfoot) was evaluated for 5 pH treatments at 2 field sites on acidic soils. At one site (Beechworth) the soil was strongly acidic [pH(CaCl2) 14.21 to depth (80 cm) and contained concentrations of CaCl2-extractable aluminium (Al) >11 �g/g. At the other site (Lake Rowan) the soil pH (0-10 cm) was 5.0 and A1 concentrations were 4 �g/g. At Beechworth, lime incorporated at 5.5 t/ha improved establishment of phalaris but plant density declined, and by 30 months after sowing, phalaris plant densities were similar to treatments receiving no lime. Establishment of cocksfoot was less affected by lime application than phalaris, and plant densities were similar to those of phalaris by 26 months after sowing. However, there were no differences between pasture species where no lime was applied. Considerable re-establishment of cocksfoot seedlings occurred regardless of soil treatment. Despite the reported relative sensitivity of phalaris to Al in solution culture experiments, at Beechworth phalaris had more root development at depth than cocksfoot or annual pasture. Although concentrations of Al in the subsoil were high, the perennial deep root system of phalaris may give it an advantage over cocksfoot in terms of survival over summer. A larger root system at depth may give phalaris greater potential than cocksfoot for reducing nitrate leaching and soil acidification. On less acidic soils at the Lake Rowan site, lime application did not affect establishment of either phalaris or cocksfoot. Phalaris had greater persistence than cocksfoot at Lake Rowan. Dry summer conditions at Lake Rowan were the likely cause of poor persistence of cocksfoot. More drought-tolerant cocksfoot cultivars are required if this species is to be a useful perennial grass for pastures in ley cropping areas of Victoria and southern New South Wales.
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Yang, Mei, Minguo Liu, Jiaoyun Lu e Huimin Yang. "Effects of shading on the growth and leaf photosynthetic characteristics of three forages in an apple orchard on the Loess Plateau of eastern Gansu, China". PeerJ 7 (29 de agosto de 2019): e7594. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7594.
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Background Inclusion of forage into the orchard is of great help in promoting the use efficiency of resources, while shading from trees restricts forage growth and production in the Loess Plateau of China. This study was aimed to investigate how tree shading affected leaf trait, photosynthetic gas exchange and chlorophyll feature of forages under the tree in the orchard-forage system. Methods The shading treatments were set as partially cutting branches (reduced shading), normal fruit tree shading (normal shading) and normal tree shading plus sun-shading net (enhanced shading) in an apple orchard. Leaf trait, photosynthesis, chlorophyll component and fluorescence related parameters were measured with lucerne (Medicago sativa), white clover (Trifolium repens) and cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) which were sown under apple trees. Results Shading imposed significant impacts on the growth and leaf photosynthetic characteristics, while there were differences among species. Enhanced shading decreased leaf thickness, leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and leaf mass per unit area (LMA). Biomass accumulation decreased with enhanced shading in cocksfoot, but did not change in white clover and lucerne which had much lower biomass accumulation than cocksfoot. Enhanced shading reduced net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of white clover and lucerne, but rarely affected cocksfoot, while it decreased instantaneous water use efficiency (WUEi) of cocksfoot but had few effects on the other forages. Enhanced shading reduced leaf dark respiration rate (Rd), light compensation point (LCP) and maximum assimilation rate. The Rd and LCP of cocksfoot were much lower than those of white clover and lucerne. Chlorophyll contents and chlorophyll a/b changed little with shading. Cocksfoot had the highest contents but lowest ratio. Maximum photochemical rate of photosystem II increased and non-photochemical quenching decreased with enhanced shading in cocksfoot, while did not change in the other forages. Discussion Leaf trait, photosynthetic gas exchange and chlorophyll feature were variously affected by species, shading and their interaction. Cocksfoot was more efficient than the other two forages in use of weakened light and more tolerant to tree shading. In the apple orchard, we recommend that reducing the density of apple tree or partially cutting branches together with selecting some shading-tolerant forages, i.e., cocksfoot, would be a practical option for the orchard-forage system in the Loess Plateau of China.
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Brock, J. L., D. E. Hume e R. H. Fletcher. "Seasonal variation in the morphology of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) plants and populations in pastures under intensive sheep grazing". Journal of Agricultural Science 126, n.º 1 (fevereiro de 1996): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600088791.
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SUMMARYThe morphology of independent plants of ‘Grasslands Ruanui’ perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and three cultivars of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) (‘Grasslands Apanui’, ‘Grasslands Kara’ and ‘Grasslands Wana’) in mixed pastures under intensive sheep grazing was studied at Palmerston North, New Zealand during 1991/92.Both perennial ryegrass and cocksfoot exhibited a similar pattern of clonal growth and population structure. Distribution of plants among various orders of branching showed a relatively stable pattern through most of the year except in spring, when stem decay and plant fragmentation exceeded apical growth and regeneration, causing an increase in the proportion of small plants and a corresponding decrease of larger plants. This pattern was similar to that previously reported for white clover (Trifolium repens L.). Nevertheless, seasonal variation in plant structure (number of leaves, tillers and stems per plant) was small, but variation in organ size (DW or length) was greater. Stolon formation through elongation of internodes occurred throughout the year, but was associated primarily with flowering.Grazing management caused no differences in plant structure between species or among the cocksfoot cultivars, but did affect the size of organs, and hence plants. Cocksfoot plants were 50–60% heavier than perennial ryegrass under rotational grazing. Under set stocking, only perennial ryegrass and Wana cocksfoot exhibited sufficient phenotypic plasticity to survive, both Kara and Apanui cocksfoot failed to persist. The only consistent difference between the species was greater flowering in perennial ryegrass than in cocksfoot, in both the proportion of plants flowering, and the number of flowering tillers per plant. Both species produced stolons throughout the year, although perennial ryegrass and Wana cocksfoot had a higher proportion of plants with stolons than Apanui and Kara cocksfoot. Length and DW of stolons per plant were similar in both species.As there was little variation in plant structure and plant density, length of stolons per unit area tended to parallel seasonal changes in pasture tiller density. The role of grazing management in the survival of tillers and plants, and subsequent performance of grass species in pastures is discussed.
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Ridley, AM, e RJ Simpson. "Seasonal development of roots under perennial and annual grass pastures". Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 45, n.º 5 (1994): 1077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9941077.
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Studies in the field and in a rhizotron were conducted to examine the root growth of Phalaris aquatica L. (phalaris), Dactylis glomerata L. (cocksfoot) and Lolium rigidum Gaudin (annual ryegrass). Root and tiller development of the perennial grasses in autumn was also studied. In the field, annual ryegrass developed a more extensive surface rooting system than phalaris and cocksfoot by spring in a favourable season. Early root development of annual ryegrass was poor where the first rains of the season did not occur until winter. Growth rates of annual ryegrass roots at depth were similar to phalaris in mid spring in the rhizotron. Phalaris had a higher proportion of live roots than cocksfoot prior to the first autumn rain. Cocksfoot did not regenerate a substantial new root system until it developed secondary tillers, about a month after initial rains. Collectively, these studies indicated that the seasonal development and extent of the root systems of cocksfoot and phalaris were different.
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Morris, N. J., M. C. Smith, A. M. Mills, M. R. Mcneill e D. J. Moot. "Insect populations of six dryland pastures grown in Canterbury". Journal of New Zealand Grasslands 78 (1 de janeiro de 2016): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2016.78.527.
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The 9 year 'MaxClover' experiment at Lincoln University concluded that ryegrass and white clover pastures were less persistent than cocksfoot and lucerne under dryland conditions in Canterbury. Measurements of insect pests commenced in Year 5 in response to a measured decline in sown ryegrass and white clover. The aim was to determine if there were differences in insect pressure among the different pastures. Insect pest pressure was present in all pastures from when measurements commenced until the experiment finished in Year 9. Grass grub larvae were the main pest that contributed to the decline in sown species, particularly in ryegrass/white clover, and they were found in all grass-based pasture treatments. Larval populations reached 156/m2 in August 2008 in the cocksfoot/balansa clover and cocksfoot/white clover pastures. Argentine stem weevil overwintering adult populations reached 63/m2 in July 2010 and were highest in cocksfoot/Subterranean clover pastures. These may have contributed to the slow decline in cocksfoot. Low populations (
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Lewis, T. R., R. J. Lucas, R. W. Hofmann e D. J. Moot. "Tolerance of newly sown cocksfoot-clover pastures to the herbicide imazethapyr". Journal of New Zealand Grasslands 79 (1 de janeiro de 2017): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2017.79.552.
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In New Zealand, subterranean clover is recommended as a companion legume in mixed swards, particularly in dryland cocksfoot-based pastures. However, establishment of cocksfoot is slower than perennial ryegrass and therefore weed ingress is more common. An experiment at Lincoln University, Canterbury showed imazethapyr applied when clover was at the 3-4 trifoliate leaf stage, and cocksfoot at the 2+ leaf stage, increased the subterranean clover content of the pastures by at least 1000 kg DM/ha, despite initial visual phytotoxicity responses. Balansa and white clover pasture yields were not different to their unsprayed unweeded controls. Imazethapyr application controlled broadleaf weeds from early in the season. The herbicide application reduced cocksfoot yields by 70% in early spring, but yields recovered and were not different to the unsprayed unweeded controls at 1350 ± 260 kg DM/ha after grazing. Imazethapyr application improved subterranean clover pastures through an increase in clover content by suppressing weeds and temporarily reducing the rate of cocksfoot growth. Keywords: subterranean clover, Spinnaker herbicide, seedling, white clover, balansa clover
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Malysheva, Natalia, Elena Gubanova, Nadezhda Isaeva e Alexander Gubanov. "The results of evaluation of the collection of cocksfoot in the Central Chernozem zone". BIO Web of Conferences 36 (2021): 04007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213604007.
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Cocksfoot is one of the earliest, highly nutritious valuable forage crops, which is widely used in agricultural production. It is relevant in developing varieties adapted to the environmental stress factors that have productive longevity, increased seed and fodder productivity. The paper presents the results of wild cocksfoot accessions conducted on Ekaterininskaya RS in 2017-2019. No accessions of cocksfoot were identified that consistently exceeded the standard grade for all three years of study. Accessions collected in the North Caucasus and Tajikistan and introduced from the Mediterranean region performed well in the first year of life, but by the third year of the life, they significantly reduced all characteristics. The accessions of cocksfoot from the Central Region of the European part of the RF and from the mountainous regions of the Southern Urals are of the greatest interest for breeding in the Central Chernozem zone.
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Kuziemska, Beata, Joanna Trębicka e Andrzej Wysokinski. "Uptake and Utilization of Nitrogen from Organic Fertilizers Influenced by Different Doses of Copper". Agronomy 11, n.º 6 (15 de junho de 2021): 1219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11061219.
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Copper is a microelement involved in the metabolism of nitrogen compounds in plants. Good utilization of nitrogen from soil and fertilizers by plants requires an adequate supply of copper. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of increasing levels of copper (100, 200, and 300 mg Cu·kg−1 of soil) applied together with various organic fertilizers (cattle manure, chicken manure, and spent mushroom substrate) on nitrogen content and uptake by cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) and the coefficient of nitrogen utilization from organic fertilizers. The pot experiment was carried out in three growing seasons (May–September) in greenhouse, and in this cocksfoot was grown and harvested four cuts in each year. Copper and organic fertilizers were applied once in the first year before sowing cocksfoot, and the after-effect was investigated in the second and third years. Application of different amounts of copper did not influence the nitrogen content in the biomass of cocksfoot. At the same time, soil application of this micronutrient in the amount of 100 mg Cu∙kg−1 of soil caused an increase in nitrogen uptake in the biomass of cocksfoot. Application of 100 and 200 mg Cu·kg−1 of soil caused an increase in the coefficient of nitrogen utilization from the organic fertilizers, which was highest effect in the case of cattle manure. All of the organic materials used increased the content of nitrogen and its uptake by cocksfoot, but the greatest effect was noted following application of chicken manure. The study showed no synergistic or antagonistic relationships between copper and nitrogen.
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Turner, L. R., D. J. Donaghy, P. A. Lane e R. P. Rawnsley. "A comparison of the establishment, productivity, and feed quality of four cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) and four brome (Bromus spp.) cultivars, under leaf stage based defoliation management". Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 58, n.º 9 (2007): 900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar06252.
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A glasshouse study was undertaken to investigate the differences in rate of establishment, productivity, feed quality, and response to defoliation frequency between new and old cultivars within the brome (Bromus spp.) and cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) genera. Three of the more recent brome (Bareno, Gala, and Exceltas) and cocksfoot (Tekapo, Megatas, and Uplands) cultivars were compared with Matua and Kara, the most widely sown and utilised brome and cocksfoot dairy pasture cultivars, respectively. The improvements resulting from breeding and selection within the cocksfoot genera included faster seedling emergence and tiller production during establishment, higher tiller density once established, lower acid detergent fibre (ADF), higher crude protein (CP), and higher metabolisable energy (ME) concentrations. The newer cocksfoot cultivars had lower leaf and tiller dry matter (DM) yields than Kara, with little variation in ME levels between cultivars. The improvements resulting from breeding and selection within the brome genera, measured in this study, included faster seedling emergence, lower ADF, and higher CP concentrations. The higher fibre levels for Matua did not translate into a lower ME concentration; in fact, the energy content in Matua and Gala was higher than for all remaining cultivars. There were further similarities between Matua and Gala, the high water-soluble carbohydrate levels, leaf, and tiller DM yields of these cultivars, reflecting a strong regrowth response to defoliation. Further research in the field is required to confirm the observed variation within and between cocksfoot and brome cultivars, and to quantify the potential benefits of using the new v. the original cultivars.
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Phillips, C. J. C., e M. Y. I. Youssef. "The effect of previous experience of four pasture species on the grazing behaviour of ewes and their lambs". Animal Science 77, n.º 2 (outubro de 2003): 329–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800059063.
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AbstractFour groups of eight primiparous ewes and their single lambs were grazed for 2 weeks on pasture containing one of four novel grass species – perennial ryegrass, timothy, cocksfoot and red fescue. When subsequently grazed in a field with randomized plots of the four species, both ewes and lambs spent longer grazing the species to which they had been accustomed than was spent by ewes and lambs accustomed to other species. This effect was proportionately greater for the lambs than the ewes, and the lambs responded most to experience of cocksfoot and red fescue. Both ewes and lambs spent most time grazing perennial ryegrass and timothy, and least time grazing red fescue, with cocksfoot intermediate. It is concluded that perennial ryegrass and timothy are grazed by ewes and lambs in preference to cocksfoot and red fescue, but that a two week period of experience will increase the attractiveness of the less-preferred species, particularly to lambs.
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Holland, Peter. "Akaroa Cocksfoot, King of grasses". New Zealand Geographer 72, n.º 1 (abril de 2016): 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nzg.12117.
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Rumball, W., J. E. Miller e R. B. Claydon. "‘Grasslands Tekapo’ cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerataL.)". New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 40, n.º 3 (janeiro de 1997): 365–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288233.1997.9513256.
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Rumball, W., J. E. Miller e R. B. Claydon. "‘Grasslands Vision’ cocksfoot(Dactylis glomerataL.)". New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 43, n.º 3 (setembro de 2000): 363–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288233.2000.9513435.
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Rumball, W., J. E. Miller e R. B. Claydon. "‘Grasslands Excel’ cocksfoot(Dactylis glomerataL.)". New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 43, n.º 3 (setembro de 2000): 365–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288233.2000.9513436.
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Borowik, Agata, Jadwiga Wyszkowska e Jan Kucharski. "Microbiological Study in Petrol-Spiked Soil". Molecules 26, n.º 9 (1 de maio de 2021): 2664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092664.
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The pollution of arable lands and water with petroleum-derived products is still a valid problem, mainly due the extensive works aimed to improve their production technology to reduce fuel consumption and protect engines. An example of the upgraded fuels is the BP 98 unleaded petrol with Active technology. A pot experiment was carried out in which Eutric Cambisol soil was polluted with petrol to determine its effect on the microbiological and biochemical properties of this soil. Analyses were carried out to determine soil microbiome composition—with the incubation and metagenomic methods, the activity of seven enzymes, and cocksfoot effect on hydrocarbon degradation. The following indices were determined: colony development index (CD); ecophysiological diversity index (EP); index of cocksfoot effect on soil microorganisms and enzymes (IFG); index of petrol effect on soil microorganisms and enzymes (IFP); index of the resistance of microorganisms, enzymes, and cocksfoot to soil pollution with petrol (RS); Shannon–Weaver’s index of bacterial taxa diversity (H); and Shannon–Weaver’s index of hydrocarbon degradation (IDH). The soil pollution with petrol was found to increase population numbers of bacteria and fungi, and Protebacteria phylum abundance as well as to decrease the abundance of Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria phyla. The cultivation of cocksfoot on the petrol-polluted soil had an especially beneficial effect mainly on the bacteria belonging to the Ramlibacter, Pseudoxanthomonas, Mycoplana, and Sphingobium genera. The least susceptible to the soil pollution with petrol and cocksfoot cultivation were the bacteria of the following genera: Kaistobacter, Rhodoplanes, Bacillus, Streptomyces, Paenibacillus, Phenylobacterium, and Terracoccus. Cocksfoot proved effective in the phytoremediation of petrol-polluted soil, as it accelerated hydrocarbon degradation and increased the genetic diversity of bacteria. It additionally enhanced the activities of soil enzymes.
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Bijelic, Z., Z. Tomic, D. Ruzic-Muslic, V. Mandic, A. Simic e S. Vuckovic. "Yield potential and quality of forage mixtures of alfalfa with cocksfoot and tall fescue depending on the nitrogen fertilization". Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 29, n.º 4 (2013): 695–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1304695b.
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The study was performed at the Institute for Animal Husbandry in the three year period, in field and laboratory conditions. The experiment involved two mixtures of grasses and legumes: mixture A ( alfalfa (cv. K -28 ), 50% and cocksfoot (cv. K-40 ), 50% ) and mixture B (alfalfa (cv. K -28 ), 33.3 % , cocksfoot (cv. K -40) , 33.3 %, and tall fescue (cv. K -20) , 33.3 % ), and pure stand of alfalfa (M). The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with four replications. Fertilization was carried out using the split method, in quantities of 0, 70 and 140 kg N ha -1. The aim of this study was to determine the phytocoenological stability of mixture of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) with cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), the yield and quality of fodder obtained from the grassland, depending on the mixture composition and nitrogen fertilization. Studied factors had a statistically significant impact on dry matter yield and protein yield. Alfalfa has achieved significantly higher yields compared to its mixtures. Dry matter yield increased with the addition of N fertilizers. Protein yield was highest in pure alfalfa crop, followed by its mixture cocksfoot. Fertilization has also increased protein yield.
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Šiaudinis, Gintaras, Algirdas Jasinskas, Danutė Karčauskienė, Egidijus Šarauskis, Kristina Lekavičienė e Regina Repšienė. "The Dependence of Cocksfoot Productivity of Liming and Nitrogen Application and the Assessment of Qualitative Parameters and Environmental Impact Using Biomass for Biofuels". Sustainability 12, n.º 19 (5 de outubro de 2020): 8208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12198208.
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In order to evaluate the liming and nitrogen efficiency of cocksfoot (Dactylisglomerata L.) productivity, a field experiment was performed in Western Lithuania’s naturally acidic Retisol area (55°43′ N, 21°27′ E). Based on seven years of research data, dry mass (DM) yield (including first and second cuttings) reliably varied depending on the growing year, from 4.57 to 7.34 t ha−1. The most significant and positive impact on DM yield was obtained by the application of higher liming (6.0 t ha−1 CaCO3) and nitrogen (120 kg ha−1) rates. Liming utilization efficiency (LUE) was affected by the year of growth (although not always significantly), with a 6.0 t ha−1 CaCO3 liming rate and nitrogen fertilization. Nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) varied depending on the growing year and N fertilization rate. One of the most effective solutions for improving cocksfoot biomass is to prepare pressed granulated biofuel, which is potentially a good quality raw material for the direct combustion process. The execution and evaluation of technological parameters and properties of produced pellets revealed that cocksfoot pellet humidity reached 10.0% ± 0.6%, whereas pellet density was sufficiently high, and reached 983.8 ± 22.9 kgm−3 DM. The lower calorific value of cocksfoot pellets reached 17.7 MJkg−1. Ash content after pellet burning was relatively high, reaching 7.0–7.6%. Pellet ash melting temperatures were sufficiently high, with ash softening temperature (ST) reaching 1065 °C. Determined emissions of harmful gases from the burning of cocksfoot pellets (CO2, CO, SO2, NOx and unburnt hydrocarbons CxHy) did not exceed the permissible limits.
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Nikolova, Ivelina Mitkova, Nataliya Anastasova Georgieva e Viliana Marinova Valiseva. "Assessment of the pure sowing of different legumes and in mixtures with grass on productivity and damage level by Sitona spp. and Otiorrhynchus ligustici (LINNAEUS, 1758) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)". Polish Journal of Entomology 87, n.º 4 (1 de dezembro de 2018): 303–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjen-2018-0022.
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Abstract This work examined the impact on productivity of the cultivation system of perennial legumes such as sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia), bird’s-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa), grown pure and in binary mixtures with cocksfoot and on damage caused by root pests of Sitona spp. and Otiorrhynchus ligustici. It was found that the productivities of aboveground and root biomasses in binary mixtures were significantly higher compared to the corresponding legume monocultures on average by 30.7 and 39.7% respectively in mixtures with sainfoin, by 15.0 and 73.1% in mixtures with bird’s-foot trefoil, and by 18.7 and 49.6% in mixtures with alfalfa. The weight of dry aboveground biomass in the pure leguminous crops slightly exceeded that of the corresponding leguminous components in the mixtures, whereas the productivity of cereal plants in mixed crops was significantly lower compared to the pure cocksfoot on average by 38.5, 47.0 and 51.7% in mixtures of sainfoin, bird’s-foot trefoil and alfalfa respectively. A similar tendency was observed with regard to dry root biomass. Damage to nodules by Sitona larvae in mixtures decreased significantly: on average by 33.5% (sainfoin + cocksfoot), by 50.3% (bird’s-foot trefoil + cocksfoot) and by 55.6% (alfalfa + cocksfoot) compared to pure grown legumes. The damage caused by Otiorrhynchus ligustici, as expressed by the length of gnawed furrows, in the mixtures with sainfoin, bird’s-foot trefoil and alfalfa decreased considerably - by 12.5, 77.8 and 59.5%, respectively - compared to the pure crops. The damage caused by the аlfalfa snout beetle had the most significant negative effect on aboveground and root biomass productivities. Mixed cultivation systems of forage crops are an economically and ecologically sustainable method of insect pest control.
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Rowarth, J. S., M. P. Rolston e A. A. Johnson. "Weed seed occurrence in cocksfoot seedlots". Proceedings of the New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference 44 (8 de janeiro de 1991): 296–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.1991.44.10845.
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Kuziemska, Beata, Paulina Klej, Andrzej Wysokinski, Dawid Jaremko e Krzysztof Pakuła. "Yielding and Bioaccumulation of Zinc by Cocksfoot under Conditions of Different Doses of This Metal and Organic Fertilization". Agronomy 12, n.º 3 (11 de março de 2022): 686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12030686.
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Zinc is essential for the growth and development of plants, but in excessive amounts in the soil it can be toxic for them. Its mobility depends in part on the organic matter content of the soil. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of application of increasing amounts of zinc (200, 400 and 600 mg Zn·kg−1 of soil) together with various forms of organic fertilizer (cattle manure, chicken manure and spent mushroom substrate) on the yield of cocksfoot and the content and uptake of this metal, and to determine its bioaccumulation factor and tolerance indices. A minor effect of zinc on cocksfoot, expressed as a decrease in yield, was observed following the application of 400 mg Zn·kg−1 of soil. Increasing application to 600 mg Zn·kg−1 caused a significant decrease in yield. Application of 400 and 600 mg Zn·kg−1 of soil significantly reduced the value of the Zn/Org tolerance index. Increasing levels of zinc application increased its content and uptake by cocksfoot and reduced the bioaccumulation factor in the plants. All of the organic materials applied increased the yield of cocksfoot and its uptake of zinc. Spent mushroom substrate increased the Zn/Org tolerance index, while cattle manure and chicken manure increased the Org/Zn tolerance index, which confirms their protective action against high zinc content in the soil.
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Norton, M. R., the late F. Lelièvre e F. Volaire. "Measuring dehydration tolerance in pasture grasses to improve drought survival". Crop and Pasture Science 65, n.º 8 (2014): 828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp14054.
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Cool-season grasses, both annual and perennial, typically employ the strategies of dehydration avoidance and dehydration tolerance to help them to survive extended periods of low soil moisture. Summer dormancy is an extra trait employed by perennial grasses particularly adapted to regions experiencing extended hot, dry summers. Of the three strategies, it appears that least is known about dehydration tolerance. Using and extending a methodology developed for cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.), this study compared a range of cultivars of cocksfoot, tall fescue and phalaris differing in expression of summer dormancy. Both inter- and intra-specific variation in dehydration tolerance was observed, with cocksfoot expressing the trait strongly, whereas it was least evident in phalaris. The trait was more strongly evident in cultivars originating in drier environments, and the ability to express dehydration tolerance appeared to be independent of summer dormancy. It has been confirmed that dehydration tolerance is a powerful drought-survival trait, one that warrants increasing attention in plant breeding programs for drying environments.
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Górecki, Ryszard J., Dorota Mierzejewska, Jan Kaszuba, Stanisław Grzesiuk e Andrzej Rejowski. "Vigour evaluation of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) seeds of different age". Acta Agrobotanica 42, n.º 1-2 (2013): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.1989.002.
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Cocksfoot seeds cv. Baza and Bepro, harvested in 1986, 1985, 1984, and 1983 and stored in a store-house were studied. Seed lots did not differ greatly in their viability. However, significant reduction in seed vigour due to natural ageing as measured by soil emergence, seedling growth rate, and ethanol and osmotic stress tests was noted. A conductivity test did not indicate vigour changes of ageing seeds, and its correlation with field emergence was poor. The methodical aspects of vigour evaluation of cocksfoot seeds are discussed.
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Dorenda, Maria. "The formation of fungal associations in a mountain agricultural habitat of Trifolium pratense L. and Dactylis glomerata L." Acta Mycologica 18, n.º 2 (20 de agosto de 2014): 243–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.1982.021.
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The communities of fungi in the soil, rhizosphere, planosphere and roots of <i>Trifolium pratense</i> L. and <i>Dactylis glomerata</i> L. were examined in pure and mixed crops. The plants were cultivated for four years under mountain conditions . The formation of these communities and the changes taking place in them depending on the plants and the years of culture were examined. No species pathogenic for clover and cocksfoot were observed in these mined. No species pathogenic for clover and cocksfoot were observed in these communities.
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Babic, Snezana, Dejan Sokolovic, Jasmina Radovic, Zoran Lugic, Snezana Andjelkovic, Tanja Vasic e Mirjana Petrovic. "Breeding of cocksfoot cultivars with different maturity". Selekcija i semenarstvo 23, n.º 1 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/selsem1701001b.
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Ridley, A. M., R. E. White, R. J. Simpson e L. Callinan. "Water use and drainage under phalaris, cocksfoot, and annual ryegrass pastures". Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 48, n.º 7 (1997): 1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a96157.
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The water balance equation was used to calculate plant water use and drainage below a depth of 1·1 m for phalaris, cocksfoot, and annual ryegrass pastures and bare fallow at Rutherglen in north-eastern Victoria. Rainfall from 1990 to 1993 averaged 693 mm/year. Soil water use was greater under perennials over the summer{autumn period and the soil profile was approximately 50 mm drier at the beginning of each drainage season. Following autumn rains, soil water profiles under all treatments converged, usually reaching similar water contents within 4{6 weeks. Over 4 years, soil under phalaris became 33 mm drier, and cocksfoot 24 mm drier (P < 0· 001), than under annual ryegrass or bare fallow. Phalaris had higher actual evapotranspiration (P < 0·05; average, 642 mm/year) than cocksfoot (619 mm/year) and annual ryegrass (606 mm/year), the latter two not differing significantly. Drainage occurred during winter and early spring, ranging from 2 to 12 mm in 1991 (515 mm rainfall) to >100 mm/year in 1990 and 1992 (671 mm and 901 mm rainfall, respectively). The variation between years was greater than the differences between pastures in any one year. Averaged over the 4 years, drainage losses below 1 .1 m decreased in the order bare fallow > annual ryegrass > cocksfoot > phalaris, although differences between the 3 pasture types were not statistically significant. Drainage under phalaris and cocksfoot may have been overestimated relative to annual ryegrass and fallow because of subsurface flow, at the top of the B horizon, between the wetter and drier plots. The drainage under phalaris may also have been overestimated because this pasture extracted water below the depth of soil water measurement. Allowing for these effects, the estimated drainage under phalaris may have been 49-56 mm/year compared with 80-87 mm/year under annual ryegrass, an overall reduction of more than one-third. Although perennial pasture grasses are unlikely to stop all recharge to groundwater in high rainfall areas (>600 mm/year) of south-eastern Australia, they offer a practical way to combine profitable agriculture with reduced land degradation.
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Harris, C. A., S. G. Clark, K. F. M. Reed, Z. N. Nie e K. F. Smith. "Novel Festuca arundinacea Shreb. and Dactylis glomerata L. germplasm to improve adaptation for marginal environments". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, n.º 4 (2008): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea07107.
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Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb., Lolium arundinceum Schreb., S.J. Darbyshire) and cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) were identified for improvement for low to medium rainfall (400–700 mm) environments where persistence of common cultivars has been unreliable. Over 200 accessions and experimental varieties of tall fescue and cocksfoot sourced from the Mediterranean basin were screened over 2 years at sites on the North-West Slopes of NSW and on the Central Highlands of Victoria, respectively. These were compared with some locally naturalised plants and most of the cultivars available in Australasia as well as cultivars developed for warm temperate and Mediterranean climates in Italy, France, Uruguay and the USA. To date, the screened accessions and experimental varieties have exhibited varying degrees of summer activity and other attributes of commercial value. Six tall fescue accessions were selected for development of synthetic varieties. These included three Sardinian accessions that after 2 years had superior persistence to cv. Demeter and recorded the highest yield scores, the mean of which exceeded that of the best performing cultivars by 34% and that of Demeter by 64%. A further three select North African accessions of tall fescue had similar yield ratings to Demeter and that of the best performing winter-active, summer-dormant cultivars. After 2 years, four Mediterranean accessions of cocksfoot were selected. These had recorded the highest yield scores, the mean of which was 34% greater than that recorded for the highest yielding cultivars and 40% greater than cv. Currie, compared with which these accessions were densely tillered and fine-leafed. The four select Mediterranean cocksfoot accessions exhibited 100% persistence; the persistence of the cultivars ranged from 31–97%. Select plants of the best performing accessions were subsequently removed from the field sites and transferred to pollen-proof glasshouse chambers for synthesis of experimental varieties. The endophyte-free tall fescue synthetics were based on Sardinian accessions selected for year round production and persistence or North African accessions that had similar yield to Demeter but with improved winter production and some summer activity. The cocksfoot synthetics were based on select plants of accessions from North Africa and included both D. glomerata and D. glomerata ssp. glomerata × spp. hispanica hybrids exhibiting persistence, dense tillering and seasonal productivity.
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Stewart, Alan V., e Nicholas W. Ellison. "A molecular phylogenetic framework for cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) improvement". Crop and Pasture Science 65, n.º 8 (2014): 780. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp13407.
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The recently completed molecular phylogenetic analysis of Dactylis germplasm has provided a clear evolutionary history of the diploid Dactylis from which modern tetraploid germplasm and cultivars have evolved. This framework will allow us to use fully a wider range of both diploid and tetraploid germplasm for a more systematic improvement of cocksfoot. Germplasm of many diploid and tetraploid forms is under serious threat from habitat degradation and climate change, and many forms are currently poorly represented in genebanks. It is critical that a wide range of these forms is collected for storage and conservation. It is also critical that core collections are developed and maintained, using molecular phylogenetic and genetic diversity information as the basic framework. In order to apply molecular resources in an effective and balanced manner, pragmatic field breeding programs need to be continued in all major regions. This is a major concern for cocksfoot, as it is a species with limited international breeding investment. Viable, large-scale, cocksfoot breeding programs must be maintained internationally to allow adequate cultivar development, ongoing germplasm collection, introgression from wild germplasm and application of molecular resources.
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Tulinov, A. G., e T. V. Kosolapova. "COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF NATIONAL AND FOREIGN SAMPLES OF COCKSFOOT GRASS IN THE NORTHERN REGION". Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University), n.º 3 (31 de outubro de 2019): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2019-52-3-67-73.
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The cocksfoot grass is a valuable early ripe forage crop with good yield and excellent feed quality. It is used to create hayfields and pastures and is a component of grasslands of meadows of almost all regions of the Komi Republic. However, the expansion of varieties adapted to the soil and climate of the North needs this valuable crop. For this purpose from 2015 to 2018 there was the research of the varieties and wild populations of the cocksfoot grass of the world collection for further use in the creation of new adaptive varieties. The experiment took place in 2015 at the experimental field of the Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Komi Scientific Center, the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Syktyvkar). The soil of the plot is sod-podzol, medium loamy in granulometric composition. The collection of nursery-garden included 10 samples of the cocksfoot grass of various ecological and geographical origin. As a standard, the Neva variety was taken. The experiments were carried out using seedlings according to the scheme 80x50 cm, the plot area was 10 m2, four repetition. Varietal samples were evaluated by winter hardness, indicators of productivity of green mass and seeds. Meteorological conditions during the years of research allowed us to evaluate the winter hardness of the cocksfoot grass samples. As a result of evaluating 10 samples, wild-growing samples from the Komi Republic (42733, 43024, 45945) and Norway (41826) were distinguished for a number of economically valuable traits, characterized by high winter hardness, even germination and green mass productivity on average for 3 years - 21.523.7 t/ha, dry weight - 4.7-5.1 t/ha and seeds - 354-576 kg / ha. These samples provide valuable starting material for further breeding work.
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Turner, L. R., D. J. Donaghy, P. A. Lane e R. P. Rawnsley. "Effect of defoliation interval on water-soluble carbohydrate and nitrogen energy reserves, regrowth of leaves and roots, and tiller number of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) plants". Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 57, n.º 2 (2006): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar05130.
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This study investigated the influence of leaf stage-based defoliation interval on water-soluble carbohydrate and nitrogen energy reserve status, regrowth of leaves and roots, and tiller number of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) cv. Kara plants up to 24 days (3.5-leaf stage) following defoliation. Treatments were based on defoliation intervals of 1-, 2-, and 4-leaf stages of regrowth, with treatments terminated when the 1-leaf defoliation interval had been completed 4 times, the 2-leaf interval 2 times, and the 4-leaf interval once. Selected plants were destructively harvested prior to commencement of treatments (H0), immediately following cessation of treatments (H1), and at 5 days (H2), 10 days (H3), and 24 days (H4) following H1. Leaf, root, and tiller dry matter yield were determined at each harvest event, as well as tiller number/plant. Levels of water-soluble carbohydrate and nitrogen reserves in plant stubble and roots were determined at each destructive harvest. Initiation and death of daughter tillers were monitored from H0 to the completion of the study. More frequent defoliation of cocksfoot plants resulted in reduced water-soluble carbohydrate assimilation and therefore leaf, root, and tiller dry matter accumulation during the subsequent recovery period. Defoliation at the 1-leaf stage severely limited the regrowth potential of cocksfoot plants, whereas defoliation at the 2-leaf stage was adequate for plant recovery, but did not maximise regrowth. The results of this study showed that a defoliation interval based on the 4-leaf stage maximises water-soluble carbohydrate reserves, tillering, and leaf and root dry matter yields. The priority sequence for allocation of water-soluble carbohydrate reserves followed the order of leaf growth, root growth, and tillering during the regrowth period. Nitrogen energy reserves were found to play a minor role in the regrowth of cocksfoot plants following defoliation.
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Ridley, AM, e DR Coventry. "Yield responses to lime of phalaris, cocksfoot, and annual pastures in north-eastern Victoria". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 32, n.º 8 (1992): 1061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9921061.
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Yield responses of 3 mixed grass-clover pastures [Phalaris aquatica L. cv. Sirosa (phalaris), Dactylis glomerata cv. Porto (cocksfoot), and annual grass based Trifolium subterraneum L. cv. Trikkala (subterranean clover) pastures] were measured over 5 soil pH treatments at 2 sites in Victoria. One site (Beechworth) was strongly acidic [pH(CaCl2) < 4.21 to a depth of 40 cm and contained high concentrations of soil aluminium (Al). At the other site (Lake Rowan), yield responses to lime application had been measured previously, but only in Al-sensitive wheat cultivars. At Beechworth, pasture yield responses to lime were not consistent but. when observed. occurred in autumn and winter in all 3 pasture types. Phalaris pastures showed yield increases more often than cocksfoot and annual pastures. Low magnesium and calcium concentrations may have limited dry matter production, although yields were reasonable on all treatments. Where lime was applied, growth responses may have been due to alleviation of Al toxicity. At Beechworth, pasture yield was increased where lime increased pH from 4.2 to 4.6 and decreased soil Al (measured in 10 mmol CaCl2/L) from 11 to <3 �g/g soil. Herbage manganese concentrations were not high in phalaris and subterranean clover, and cocksfoot manganese standards were not available. At Lake Rowan (pH 4.7, Al <1 �g/g), no growth responses to lime were seen in any pasture treatment, and annual grass based pastures sometimes had higher yields than phalaris and cocksfoot pastures. On strongly acidic soils such as at Beechworth, incorporation of lime prior to pasture establishment should be considered. Perennial grasses may reduce further soil degradation through acidification. Soil A1 concentrations are commonly lower in ley-cropping areas, and the inclusion of perennial grasses in ley pastures requires further evaluation.
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Bittman, S., S. N. Acharya e D. E. Hunt. "Cheam-VR orchardgrass". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 86, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2006): 169–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p05-089.
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Cheam-VR is an early-maturing orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) cultivar with high levels of resistance to Cocksfoot Mottle Virus (CfMV) suited to silage and hay production in regions with moderate temperate climate. The population was developed at the Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre (PARC), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Agassiz, BC, in collaboration with AAFC Research Centre, Lethbridge, AB. In BC trials, Cheam-VR yielded 6% better than the check cultivar Potomac without inoculation with CfMV and 15% more than the check when inoculated with the virus. In a southern Alberta trial, Cheam-VR survived for 3 yr and yielded 6% more than a winterhardy check cultivar, Kay. Key words: Orchardgrass, Cocksfoot Mottle Virus resistance, Dactylis glomerata
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Nesic, Zorica, Zorica Tomic, S. Vuckovic e Dragana Ruzic-Muslic. "The effect of N fertilization on share of alfalfa leaf and protein content in grass-leguminous mixtures". Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 23, n.º 1-2 (2007): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah0702089n.
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Different ratio of plant organs means that their role and contribution to forming of total yield and quality is different. Objective of this research was to monitor changes in the share of alfalfa leaf in mixtures depending on the type of mixture and N fertilization. Trial was set in the period 2003-2004 as twofactorial trial according to method of random block system in four repetitions. Research included three mixtures: alfalfa+cocksfoot (Medicago sativa + Dactylis glomerata); alfalfa+cocksfoot+tall fescue (Medicago sativa + Dactylis glomerata+Festuca arundinaceace); alfalfa+cocksfoot+tall fescue +sainfoin Medicago sativa + Dactylis glomerata+ Festuca arundinaceace+Onobrychis sativa) and pure alfalfa (Medicago sativa) crop as control variant, as well as four fertilization variants 0, 70, 140 and 210 kg N ha-1. Statistically highly significant differences in the effect of both investigated factors on the share of alfalfa leaf were established only in the first investigation year. The lowest share of leaf was determined in pure alfalfa crop 53.7%, whereas the mixture II had the highest share of leaf of 58.2%. The greatest share of leaf was established in treatments with 210 kg ha-1 - 58.0%, and the lowest share of alfalfa leaf in total yield was determined in treatments without N - 53.3%.
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Marr, G. "HARVEST - THE WEEK BEFORE AND ON THE DAY". NZGA: Research and Practice Series 5 (1 de janeiro de 1990): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.5.1998.3344.
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The first rule in harvesting is not to panic. The second is to plan ahead and prepare the machinery months in advance so that everything is ready when the time comes. As a general rule when the cocksfoot crop flowers at Methven there are 28 days until harvest; when close examination of the seed kernel indicates that it has passed from the milk to dough stage, there are seven days. left. Cocksfoot is judged to be ripe when seed drops into a hat swept through the crop. If in doubt an infra-red lamp is used. After cutting, the crop is windrowed high, parallel to the prevailing wind. A secondary cut with the rotary mower increases wind protection and improves ease of pickup.
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Bittman, S., S. N. Acharya e D. E. Hunt. "Haida-VR orchardgrass". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 86, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2006): 177–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p05-087.
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Haida-VR is a latematuring orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) cultivar with high levels of resistance to Cocksfoot Mottle Virus (CfMV) suited to silage and hay production in regions with moderate, temperate climate. The cultivar was developed at the Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre (PARC), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Agassiz, British Columbia (BC) in collaboration with AAFC Research Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta. In BC trials, Haida-VR yielded 3% more than the check cultivar Potomac without inoculation with CfMV and 21% better than the check when inoculated with the virus. In a southern Alberta trial, Haida-VR survived for 3 yr and yielded 3% better than a winterhardy check cultivar, Kay. Key words: Orchardgrass, Cocksfoot Mottle Virus resistance, Dactylis glomerata
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Bittman, S., S. N. Acharya e D. E. Hunt. "Chilliwack-VR orchardgrass". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 86, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2006): 173–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p05-088.
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Chilliwack-VR is a medium-maturing orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) population with high levels of resistance to Cocksfoot Mottle Virus (CfMV) suited to silage and hay production in regions with a moderate temperate climate. The population was developed at the Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre (PARC), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Agassiz, BC, in collaboration with AAFC Research Centre, Lethbridge, AB. In BC trials, Chilliwack-VR yielded 5% more than the check cultivar Potomac without inoculation with CfMV and 23% better than the check when inoculated with the virus. In a southern Alberta trial, Chilliwack-VR survived for 3 yr and yielded as much biomass as a winterhardy check cultivar, Kay. Key words: Orchardgrass, Cocksfoot Mottle Virus resistance, Dactylis glomerata
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Hill, BD. "Persistence of temperate perennial grasses in cutting trials on the central slopes of New South Wales". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, n.º 4 (1985): 832. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9850832.
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Nine experiments were conducted on six different sites in the medium-rainfall (about 700 mm per year) area of central New South Wales to measure the persistence of 15 perennial grasses. Phalaris (Phalaris aquatica and P. aquatica x P. arundinacea) and cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) cultivars were the most persistent, while perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) cultivars, Demeter fescue (Festuca arundznacea) and perennial veldt grass (Ehrharta calycina) were only short-lived. The cultivars of phalaris were generally similar to each other in persistence, although in some trials Sirocco and Siro 1146 were more persistent and Seedmaster was less persistent than Australian. Berber was the most persistent cocksfoot cultivar, followed by Currie, then Brignoles. Medea was the most persistent perennial ryegrass cultivar, followed by Kangaroo Valley, then Victorian.
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Tomic, Zorica, Z. Nesic, V. Krnjaja, Miroslav Zujovic e M. Vorkapic. "Testing of new cultivars of perennial grasses in year of sowing". Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 22, n.º 5-6 (2006): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah0606081t.
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Testing of new cultivars of perennial grasses cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.), meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Huds.) was carried out on experimental field of the Institute for Animal Husbandry in year 2005. Trial was set according to random block system, on 10m2, soil type carbonate chernozem. Climatic conditions in year of sowing were at the level of average values for several years for daily temperature, 12,40C compared to 12,10C, and for precipitation difference was even greater 831,6mm compared to average calculated for several years of 645,2mm. Main morphological and phenological traits of plants were investigated, plant growth, height at 1st cut, plant regeneration after 10 days, as well as production of green mass and dry matter. All five cocksfoot cultivars had considerably higher yields per cuts, total (2,12-2,69 t ha-1). Two cultivars of meadow fescue showed no significant difference in yield of dry matter (1,84-2,03 t ha-1), whereas cultivars of tall fescue differed highly significantly in this regard (1,84-1,62 t ha-1). Also, main parameters of plant quality, organic matter, content of crude protein, crude fibre and crude fat in the 2nd cut were determined. Investigated cultivars of cocksfoot and tall fescue differed significantly, whereas cultivars of meadow fescue were very similar. Obtained results were processed using variation statistical methods and mean values were tested using LSD test.
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Stanisavljevic, Rade, Dragoslav Ðjokic, Jasmina Milenkovic, Lana Ðukanovic, Vladeta Stevovic, Aleksandar Simic e Dejan Dodig. "Seed germination and seedling vigour of italian ryegrass, cocksfoot and timothy following harvest and storage". Ciência e Agrotecnologia 35, n.º 6 (dezembro de 2011): 1141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542011000600014.
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During post-harvest maturation, different species vary in the length of dormancy breaking or germination increases. Seed dormancy and slow seedling development often limit establishment of forage grass stands. Seed germination and seedling vigour of Italian ryegrass (Lolium italicum A. Braun, Synonym Lolium multiflorum L.), cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) and timothy (Phleum pretense L.) were observed after harvest and storage. After harvest in June, seeds were stored under standard storage conditions and sampled every 30 days after harvest (DAH), up to 270 DAH, and then every 60 days up to 990 DAH. At each date, seeds were tested for final germination percentage and for seedling vigour traits. Timothy seeds had a maximum germination (88%) and the best seedlings vigour at 90 DAH, which implies that early autumn (September-October) is the best sowing period for freshly harvested seeds of timothy. Timothy seed germination was poor from 270 DAH (73%). The best germination and vigour of Italian ryegrass and cocksfoot seedlings were between 270 and 330 DAH, which equates to spring sowing time (March-April) in the succeeding year. Cocksfoot and Italian ryegrass seeds maintained satisfactory germination levels up to 630 DAH (81%) and 810 DAH (81%), respectively. The data can serve for the determination of a proper storage duration management between harvest and sowing of the tested species under ambient conditions of south-eastern Europe.
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Catherall, P. L. "RESISTANCE TO COCKSFOOT MOTTLE VIRUS IN DACTYLIS GLOMERATA". Annals of Applied Biology 108, S1 (abril de 1986): 148–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aab.1986.108.s1.148.
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Otsus, Maarja, Gabriela Uffert, Merike Sõmera, Heiti Paves, Allan Olspert, Bulat Islamov e Erkki Truve. "Cocksfoot mottle sobemovirus establishes infection through the phloem". Virus Research 166, n.º 1-2 (junho de 2012): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2012.03.005.
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Tamm, Tiina, e Erkki Truve. "RNA-binding activities of cocksfoot mottle sobemovirus proteins". Virus Research 66, n.º 2 (fevereiro de 2000): 197–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1702(00)00125-8.
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Sharapova, I. E., e T. V. Kosolapova. "Study of breeding numbers of cocksfoot in the conditions of the Komi Republic". Agricultural Science Euro-North-East 23, n.º 1 (25 de fevereiro de 2022): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2022.23.1.81-89.
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Among perennial fodder plants сocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L) is the crop recommended for the creation of earlymaturing herbage in the production of hay and haylage. The article presents the data of a comprehensive assessment in the field of 7 breeding samples of сocksfoot of the second year of use (2020) to identify the most promising ones matched to the soil and climatic conditions of the North. High winter hardiness (4-5 points) of the breeding samples of сocksfoot was noted in the conditions of the Komi Republic in 2019-2020. No disease or pest affection of the plants was noted during the growing season of 2020. The yield of dry matter for two cuttings at the level of the control variant (9.8 t/ha) was provided by cocksfoot samples СН-188, СН-185 and СН-1816 (10.2, 10.0 and 9.3 t/ha, respectively, LSD05 = 1.1 t/ha). The studied cocksfoot samples did not differ significantly and were at the level of the control according to the quality of the fodder mass. During the earing stage a high content of crude protein (13.63…15.10 %) was noted in breeding samples СН-188, 185, 184, 1816, for the control sample this index was 12.18%. The analysis of the seed productivity structure for the studied cocksfoot samples showed that the following samples had increased the control in the length of inflorescences (14.5±0.9 cm) ‒ CH-185 (16.9±1.1 cm), CH-1817 (17.6±1.0 cm), CH-188 (18.7±1.1 cm). According to the weight of 1000 seeds, the breeding samples were slightly inferior to the control (1.26 g, LSD05 = 0.06 g). According to seed productivity, no significant advantages were detected in all studied samples (+2.0...15.8 g/m2) compared with the control (66.4 g/m2, LSD05 = 16.4 g/m2). As the result of the comprehensive assessment the most promising breeding samples of cocksfoot have been noted. They are CH-188, CH-185 (Komi population) and CH-1816 (Finnish population).
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Tulinov, A. G., e T. V. Kosolapova. "Productivity and parameters of adaptability of collection specimens of the cocksfoot". Agrarian science, n.º 2 (10 de abril de 2022): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2022-356-2-76-79.
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Relevance. The cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) remains an agricultural crop of high fodder value for the Komi Republic, grown both in pure form and as one of the components in grass mixtures. This forage grass is recommended for use in hayfields and pastures, being high-yielding, retaining for a long time in grass mixtures, growing quickly after mowing and grazing.Methods. In the collection nursery of the Institute of Agrobiotechnology named A.V. Zhuravsky of the Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Komi Republic, Syktyvkar), from 2016 to 2018, promising populations of cocksfoot of various ecological and geographical origin were studied by economic characteristics and parameters of adaptability, obtained from the world collection of Federal research center «N.I. Vavilov all-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources – VIR»: 11 from the Northwestern Federal District of Russia (Komi Republic, Arkhangelsk, Pskov and Leningrad regions), 3 from the Ural Federal District (Tyumen and Sverdlovsk regions), 1 from the Siberian Federal District (Tomsk Region), 4 foreign samples from Northern Europe (Norway, Finland) and North America (Canada). The purpose of the research is to evaluate the yield indicator of green mass of specimens of cocksfoot in the collection nursery, to establish the parameters of adaptability and, on their basis, to select the most promising numbers for further breeding work. During the growing season during the years of research, various meteorological conditions were noted, which reflected the unstable nature of the fallout and distribution of precipitation, which made it possible to comprehensively evaluate the specimens of the cocksfoot and give them a more objective assessment based on the prevailing external environmental conditions.Results. As a result of research, it was found that according to a set of economically valuable parameters, specimens 45945, 47268 and 41826 were identified with a yield of green mass on average for two cuttings of 205–237 c/ha. Based on the obtained parameters of adaptability, specimens 36684, 47268, 33392 are classified as the most stable and plastic ones, which represent a valuable source material for further study and breeding work.
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Sandral, G. A., B. S. Dear, J. M. Virgona, A. D. Swan e B. A. Orchard. "Changes in soil water content under annual- and perennial-based pasture systems in the wheatbelt of southern New South Wales". Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 57, n.º 3 (2006): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar04017.
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Nine pasture treatments differing in species composition were monitored for changes in soil water content at a depth of 0.10–1.70 m, at 2 sites (Kamarah and Junee), in the wheatbelt of eastern Australia. Treatments containing perennial species, viz. lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.), cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.), mixture (lucerne + phalaris + cocksfoot), wallaby grass (Austrodanthonia richardsonii Cashmore.), and lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula (Schrader) Nees.), were sown with subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.). In addition, 3 treatments based solely on annual species were examined: subterranean clover (sown by itself and kept weed-free with herbicides), annual (sown to subterranean clover but weed invasion not controlled), and serradella (Ornithopus compressus L.). The experiment was conducted from 1994–97 at the Junee site (annual average rainfall 550 mm/year) and from 1995–97 at the Kamarah site (annual average rainfall 450 mm per year). At the higher rainfall site (Junee), there were few differences among pasture types in soil water content to 0.70 m. Below 0.70 m the soil profile was drier under all the perennial swards than under the annual pasture treatments by the end of the 4-year pasture phase. At the drier Kamarah site, where the pasture phase was shorter due to an initial sowing failure, all the perennials, except cocksfoot, dried the profile below 1.05 m. At both sites, lucerne dried the 1.05–1.70 m section of the soil profile more rapidly than the other perennials, which apparently took longer to reach this depth. At the Junee site, the soil water deficit in May (SWD(MAY), defined as field capacity (mm) – stored soil water (mm) at the beginning of May) was largest in the phalaris, mixture, lucerne, and cocksfoot treatments (155–162 mm), whereas as under a pasture of subterranean clover alone, SWD(MAY) was only 89 mm. At the drier Kamarah site, the largest SWD(MAY) was created by the lovegrass (114 mm) and lucerne (107 mm) treatments. The cocksfoot and subterranean clover treatments created the smallest SWD(MAY) at this site, at 79 and 72 mm, respectively. The study showed that currently available C3 and C4 perennial grasses can be as effective as lucerne in drying the soil profile to 1.70 m in the 450–600 mm rainfall areas of the southern NSW wheatbelt, creating a dry soil buffer to reduce the risk of deep drainage during subsequent cropping phases. As the rate at which grasses dried the profile was slower than lucerne, pastures based on perennial grasses may have to be retained longer to achieve the same level of dewatering.
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Fraser, T. J., S. Dennis, R. A. Moss, K. N. Tozer, N. R. Stocker, A. L. Taylor, M. J. Faville e C. Smith. "Long term effect of superphosphate fertilisers on pasture persistence". NZGA: Research and Practice Series 15 (1 de janeiro de 2011): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.15.2011.3210.
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Core samples were taken from 60-year-old pastures on a long-term fertiliser trial at the Winchmore research station, in Canterbury, New Zealand. Plots had been treated with 0, 188 or 376 kg/ha of superphosphate annually, grazed by sheep, and pasture yields were recorded. Ryegrass persisted in all treatments, but was only dominant in the superphosphate treatments, unsown grasses dominated in the no superphosphate treatments. White clover was more common with superphosphate, and both cocksfoot and timothy required adequate superphosphate in order to persist. Over 60 years of measurements, yields were 9-15 t DM/ ha with superphosphate, and did not reduce over time. Given adequate fertiliser, a ryegrass-based irrigated pasture can continue to produce high yields 60 years following sowing. Keywords: ryegrass, cocksfoot, t
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Devkota, NR. "Growth and Persistenceof Common Temperature Pasture Species under Low Light and Low R:FR Ratio". Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science 27 (1 de maio de 2006): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jiaas.v27i0.703.
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The effects of varied PAR and R:FR ratio on tillering and shoot dry weight production of temperate pasture species were evaluated at Massey University New Zealand using split-plot design with four blocks. The main plots were % transmitted PAR (photosynthetically active radiation; mmoles photons m-2 s-1, 400- 700 nm) and R:FR ratios (red to far red ratios) with 2 x 2 factors of PAR and R: FR, i.e. medium (38 and 39%) and low (16 and 17%) PAR-each with two natural (1.33 and 1.34) and two reduced (0.57 each) R:FR ratios. The treatment combination was such that each low and medium PAR level had a natural and a reduced R:FR ratio. PAR levels with natural R: FR ratio were imposed by differing densities of neutral shade cloth (Sarlon) with a layer of clear filter, while low R:FR ratio was created with the use of a blue filter. Nine pasture cultivars of seven pasture species: Dactylis glomerata L., Grasslands Wana (cocksfoot); Dactylis glomerata L., PG 74 (cocksfoot); Dactylis glomerata L., PG 321 (cocksfoot); Lolium perenne L. (perennial ryegrass); Holcus lanatus L. (Yorkshire fog); Agrostis capillaris (browntop); Poa trivialis; Trifolium repens L. (white clover), and Lotus uliginosus (lotus) were grown in pots as subplots with four replicate blocks. Six plants were maintained per pot. Plants were harvested at 61 days after imposing shade. There was no effect of R:FR ratio (P>0.05) on the shoot dry weight per plant, however, significant differences (P<0.05) for PAR, species, and interaction of PAR, species for shoot dry weight was observed. At low PAR, Lolium perenne, Dactylis glomerata (Wana) and Holcus lanatus had the highest and similar yields, whereas the yield of white clover and lotus were similar and less than for all the grass species. Effects of PAR as well as R:FR were significant (P<0.001) for total tillers per plant in the shade. Poa trivialis, Agrostis capillaris and Lolium perenne had the highest number of tillers/plant at the low PAR and low R:FR, but did not contribute to higher shoot dry weight at the low PAR, mainly due to their low weight per tiller. Likewise, SLA was significantly (P<0.01) increased by low PAR but not by low R:FR. Lotus produced a higher (P<0.001) number of branches at the low PAR than white clover. Comparatively better performance of cocksfoot, especially at low PAR, was mainly due to the ability to produce higher leaf area, higher SLA, and more tillers per plant. The results are discussed in terms of the effects of PAR and R:FR on the yield and yield components with respect to the attributes of shade tolerant pasture species.
Key words: PAR, R:FR ratio, wana cocksfoot, nui perennial ryegrass, shade
J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 27:111-118 (2006)