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Lim, WanYin, Steven Zadow, Angela Moran e Jonathan Heysen. "Intermetatarsal Coalition: Case Report, Literature Review, and Imaging Findings of an Underrecognized and Underdiagnosed Cause of Foot Pain". Case Reports in Radiology 2021 (8 de fevereiro de 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6667907.
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Coalition is defined as abnormal bridging between two bones, and the connection can be osseous or nonosseous. Most coalitions in the foot involve the hindfoot. Intermetatarsal coalition is thought to be much rarer than the more common hindfoot coalitions and has only been reported sporadically in the orthopedic literature. We present two patients with nonosseous intermetatarsal coalition presenting with nonspecific dorsolateral foot pain and describe the imaging findings of intermetatarsal coalition with different modalities. We suspect that whilst rarely described, intermetatarsal coalition is quite likely a more common underrecognized entity than a rare entity. This report is aimed at increasing the awareness of coalition in this location, in the radiology community, particularly the nonosseous ones, given that this condition can be debilitating but treatable.
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Lim, Chaemoon, e Yong-Yeon Chu. "Bilateral Multiple Tarsal Coalitions (Talonavicular and Talocalcaneal Coalitions) with Recurrent Ankle Sprain in an Adolescent". Children 9, n.º 1 (12 de janeiro de 2022): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9010100.
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Tarsal coalition is defined as an abnormal bony, cartilaginous, or fibrous union of two or more tarsal bones. The incidence of tarsal coalition is approximately 2% in the general population. Talocalcaneal and calcaneonavicular coalitions are the most common. The talonavicular coalition is a rare entity with an incidence of approximately 1.3% among patients with tarsal coalitions. We present a case of a 12-year-old girl who had talonavicular and talocalcaneal coalitions associated with a recurrent ankle sprain. The talonavicular coalition was asymptomatic, and the talocalcaneal coalition was the cause of ankle pain and recurrent sprain. Surgical resection of the talocalcaneal coalition led to successful clinical and functional outcomes. In conclusion, the possibility of multiple tarsal coalitions should be considered in tarsal coalition patients, and the talocalcaneal coalition should be considered as a differential diagnosis in an adolescent patient with a recurrent ankle sprain.
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Macera, Armando, Francesca Teodonno, Christian Carulli, Alberto Frances Borrego e Massimo Innocenti. "Talonavicular Coalition as a Cause of Foot Pain". Joints 05, n.º 04 (15 de setembro de 2017): 246–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1606616.
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AbstractTarsal coalitions have an incidence of 2% and are often underdiagnosed. These are considered to be one of the causes of chronic ankle and foot pain. Among all tarsal coalitions, the talonavicular type represents a rare and uncommon condition. The purpose of this article was to present the case of a 35-year-old male patient with a bilateral talonavicular coalition treated conservatively. A review of the literature was also performed to understand the management of this rare condition.
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Shi, Yuanyuan, Gang Zhu, Siyu Lin, Jianwen Ding e Shengfeng Xu. "Coalitional Game Theory for Cooperative Interference Management in Femtocell Networks". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/767649.
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Dense deployment of femtocells can cause serious intra-tier interference in femtocell networks. In this paper, a new cooperative interference management approach which allows the femtocell user equipment (FUE) to merge into cooperative groups, that is, coalitions, for the uplink transmissions in a femtocell network is proposed, so as to reduce the intra-tier interference and improve the system performance. Taking into account the power cost for cooperation, we claim that all the FUEs are impossible to merge together, and we formulate the proposed cooperative problem as a coalitional game in partition form with an externality due to the interference between the formed coalitions. To get the solution, a novel distributed coalition formation algorithm that takes advantage of the characteristics of femtocell network and allows the FUEs to interact and individually decide on which coalitions to participate in is proposed. Furthermore, we analyze the convergence and stability of the proposed algorithm. Simulations are conducted to illustrate the behavior and the performance of the proposed coalition formation algorithm among FUEs. Results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the system performance with much lower complexity than some previously proposed coalition formation algorithms.
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Anastasio, Albert T., Emily M. Peairs, Caitlin Grant, Billy I. Kim, Anthony Duruewuru e Samuel B. Adams. "Fracture through Pre-Existing Tarsal Coalition: A Narrative Review". Children 10, n.º 1 (29 de dezembro de 2022): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10010072.
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Tarsal coalitions are abnormal fibrous or bony connections between the tarsal bones of the foot. While not always symptomatic, coalitions can cause pain, alterations in forefoot and hindfoot morphology, and alterations in foot and ankle biomechanics. Previous research has described the association of tarsal coalitions with fractures of the lower extremity. Multiple reports of acute fracture in the presence of tarsal coalition have been presented, as have reports of stress fractures of the foot and ankle with concomitant coalition, insidious in onset and thought to be related to aberrancies in foot and ankle biomechanics. The purpose of this review is to discuss the biomechanics seen in tarsal coalitions and to describe reports of fracture occurring concomitantly with tarsal coalitions. We will discuss diagnostic options and treatment approaches in the setting of fracture with preexisting tarsal coalition.
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Kummer, Anne, Eric Dugert e Mouas Jammal. "Complete Cubonavicular Coalition Associated with Midfoot Osteoarthritis". Case Reports in Orthopedics 2020 (30 de julho de 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8850768.
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Introduction. Cubonavicular coalitions represent a relatively rare condition with less than forty cases described in the literature, the majority of which are fibrocartilaginous. To our knowledge, cubonavicular osseous coalition associated with osteoarthritis of the midfoot has never been described. Case Presentation. We present the case of a 26-year-old man with bilateral Achilles tendinosis, in whom radiological studies show an incidental finding of a complete osseous cubonavicular coalition, as well as a partial osseous cubo-third cuneiform coalition and a fibrous band between the first and second cuneiforms of the right foot, associated with arthritic changes of the tarsometatarsal joint. A nonosseous calcaneocubonavicular coalition was found on the left foot. These multiples coalitions were asymptomatic in this case. Discussion. Cubonavicular coalition, even asymptomatic, can cause midfoot osteoarthritis in young patients. We may therefore suspect that the immobility of the cubonavicular joint causes additional stress on the midfoot.
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Kulik, Steven A., e Thomas O. Clanton. "Tarsal Coalition". Foot & Ankle International 17, n.º 5 (maio de 1996): 286–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110079601700509.
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Tarsal coalition is a bridging between the tarsal bones of the foot. The bridge may be composed of bone, cartilage, fibrous tissue, or a combination of these. When symptomatic, patients usually present with hindfoot pain and frequent sprains as children, adolescents, or young adults. The classical appearance is a rigid flatfoot with heel valgus and abduction of the forefoot. Flexible cavus feet have been reported. The incidence in the general population is less than 1%, and the most common types are talocalcaneal and calcaneonavicular coalitions. The cause is attributed to failure of segmentation and differentiation of the primitive mesenchyme. Calcaneonavicular coalitions can be diagnosed with an oblique radiograph of the hindfoot. Most talocalcaneal coalitions require computerized tomography for diagnostic confirmation. Magnetic resonance imaging may be useful for cartilaginous and fibrous coalitions. Casting is the usual initial treatment for the symptomatic individual. With treatment failure, in the absence of degenerative changes, resection of the coalition can be performed with good results. Isolated subtalar fusion may be performed for failed talocalcaneal resections. Failed subtalar fusions and failed calcaneonavicular resection may be treated with triple arthrodesis.
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van Schoonhoven, J., K. J. Prommersberger e R. Schmitt. "TRAUMATIC DISRUPTION OF A FIBROCARTILAGE LUNATE-TRIQUETRAL COALITION — A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE". Hand Surgery 06, n.º 01 (julho de 2001): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218810401000497.
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Whilst osseous coalitions of the lunate and the triquetrum are known to be asymptomatic, fibrocartilage lunate-triquetral coalitions can present an uncommon cause for ulnar-sided wrist pain. To diagnose this condition a high degree of suspicion is needed. We present a case with painful post-traumatic disruption of a fibrocartilage lunate-triquetral coalition that was primary misdiagnosed to be a disruption of the interosseous lunotriquetral ligament and was initially treated arthroscopically. Persistent symptoms lead to X-ray examination of the opposite wrist, revealing a complete osseous lunate-triquetral coalition. CT and MRI investigations demonstrated the fibrocartilage coalition of the affected wrist. Subsequently, lunotriquetral fusion using a cannulated Herbert screw was performed and settled the symptoms completely.
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Harirah, Zulfa. "Kerangka Advokasi Koalisi dalam Kebijakan Penataan Pemukiman Bantaran Sungai Winongo di Kota Yogyakarta". Nakhoda: Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan 17, n.º 2 (7 de março de 2019): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.35967/jipn.v17i2.7065.
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The basic idea of this article is to examine the policy advocacy process on Winongo settlement arrangement riverbanks in Yogyakarta. Problems settlements along the river Winongo become increasingly critical as more densely populated to cause the symptoms of poverty and slums. This condition is then ignited the presence Arkom and FKWA to show arrangement ideas through policy advocacy process. Therefore, this article will focus on answering two things, there are how the coalition framework was formed and how the coalition manage their belief system, resources and strategies. To answer that questions above, this research was escorted by theory Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) of Sabatier and Jenkins Smith. Through the case study method, this research will explore the case of advocacy of policies Winongo settlement on the riverbanks. The results of the research shows that there are two coalitions in structuring settlements along the river Winongo, they are River coalitions and “Right to the city” coalition. Both are proven to stand on two legs, as a member of the coalition and as a policy broker. This shows that the policy is not just a stage of systemic and technocratic, but the policy is a political process that allows each actor to act politically.
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Harirah, Zulfa. "Kerangka Advokasi Koalisi dalam Kebijakan Penataan Pemukiman Bantaran Sungai Winongo di Kota Yogyakarta". Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan Nakhoda 17, n.º 30 (7 de março de 2019): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.35967/jipn.v17i30.7065.
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The basic idea of this article is to examine the policy advocacy process on Winongo settlement arrangement riverbanks in Yogyakarta. Problems settlements along the river Winongo become increasingly critical as more densely populated to cause the symptoms of poverty and slums. This condition is then ignited the presence Arkom and FKWA to show arrangement ideas through policy advocacy process. Therefore, this article will focus on answering two things, there are how the coalition framework was formed and how the coalition manage their belief system, resources and strategies. To answer that questions above, this research was escorted by theory Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) of Sabatier and Jenkins Smith. Through the case study method, this research will explore the case of advocacy of policies Winongo settlement on the riverbanks. The results of the research shows that there are two coalitions in structuring settlements along the river Winongo, they are River coalitions and “Right to the city” coalition. Both are proven to stand on two legs, as a member of the coalition and as a policy broker. This shows that the policy is not just a stage of systemic and technocratic, but the policy is a political process that allows each actor to act politically.
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Seeto, Alexander Henry, James Brown e Mark Daniel Wilson. "Cuboid-navicular coalition in a female junior athlete". BMJ Case Reports 17, n.º 8 (agosto de 2024): e261864. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2024-261864.
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Tarsal coalition is an uncommon cause of insidious-onset foot pain typically affecting adolescents. Cuboid-navicular coalitions are among the rarest variety, comprising less than 1% of all tarsal coalitions. This case report describes a female competitive gymnast in middle childhood with a 6-month history of worsening insidious onset right foot pain that forced withdrawal from all sporting activities. The patient reported a background of intermittent foot pain and bilateral ankle instability over the past 2 years. A comprehensive history and physical examination, alongside MRI, enabled the diagnosis of a fibro-osseous cuboid-navicular coalition. Through early diagnosis, a targeted and prompt trial of non-operative management was implemented, consisting of physiotherapy, a deloading protocol, orthotics and analgesia. At 6-month follow-up, this led to improvements in pain symptoms and functional outcomes as well as a return to competitive sport. Early recognition of cuboid-navicular coalition is essential to prevent early degenerative joint disease.
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Cormier, Scott, Michael Wargo e Walter Winslow. "Transforming Health Care Coalitions From Hospitals to Whole of Community: Lessons Learned From Two Large Health Care Organizations". Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 9, n.º 6 (6 de novembro de 2015): 712–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2015.146.
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ABSTRACTA health care emergency preparedness coalition (coalition) is a group of health care organizations, public safety agencies, and public health partners that join forces for the common cause of making their communities safer, healthier, and more resilient. Coalitions have been characterized as being focused on hospital systems instead of the health care of the community as a whole. We discuss 2 examples of coalition partners that use a more inclusive approach to planning, response, and recovery. The first is a large health care system spread across 23 states, and the other is a public safety agency in northeast Pennsylvania that took the lead to address the preparedness and response toward a large influx of burn patients and grew to encompass all aspects of community health care. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:712–716)
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Duarte, Márcio Luís, Lucas Ribeiro Dos Santos, José Luiz Masson de Almeida Prado e Marcelo De Queiroz Pereira da Silva. "Coalizão cuneiforme lateral-cuboide – uma coalizão rara / Lateral cuneiform-navicular coalition – a rare coalition". Arquivos Médicos dos Hospitais e da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo 65, n.º 1 (22 de abril de 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26432/1809-3019.2020.65.012.
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Introdução: A coalizão tarsal representa uma comunicação anormal entre ossos do tarso e pode ser óssea, cartilaginosa ou fibrosa, se desenvolvendo de forma secundária a insuficiência da diferenciação e segmentação do mesênquima primitivo nas primeiras fases do desenvolvimento, diminuindo a mobilidade e deformando os pés, quando congênita. Quando adquirida ocorre devido à artrite inflamatória, infecção, trauma, neoplasia, entre outras causas. Relato de Caso: Relatamos o caso de uma mulher de 37 anos com queixa há um mês, desmontando a importância da investigação da causa e a necessidade de atenção por parte do radiologista para a avaliação das coalizões tarsais visto que, uma coalizão, independentemente de quais ossos envolvidos, pode levar a uma sintomatologia limitante. Palavras chave: Ossos do tarso, Coalizão tarsal, Imagem por ressonância magnética, Deformidades do péAbstractIntroduction: Tarsal coalitions represent abnormal bridging between tarsal bones and can be osseous, cartilaginous, or fibrous, developing secondary to failure of differentiation and segmentation of the primitive mesenchyme in the first stages of development, decreasing mobility and deforming the feet, when is congenital. When acquired it occurs due to inflammatory arthritis, infection, trauma, neoplasia and other causes. Case report: We report the case of a 37-year- -old woman with a complaint a month ago, dismantling the importance of investigating the cause and the need for attention by the radiologist for the evaluation of tarsal coalitions since, a coalition, regardless of which bones involved, can lead to limiting symptoms.Keywords: Tarsal bones, Tarsal coalition, Magnetic resonance imaging, Foot def
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Mertens, Kris, Marc Mespreuve e Filip M. Vanhoenacker. "Lunotriquetral Coalition". Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology 27, n.º 03 (25 de maio de 2023): 378–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1766108.
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AbstractLunotriquetral (LT) coalition is the most common carpal coalition. Four morphological types of LT coalition have been described. LT coalition is usually asymptomatic, but rarely a fibrocartilaginous type may cause ulnar wrist pain. We report a case of bilateral asymptomatic LT coalition that was seen incidentally on conventional radiography taken after a wrist injury. Conventional radiography is the first imaging technique to detect and classify this type of LT coalition. Magnetic resonance imaging is a useful tool to investigate possible associated pathology of the carpal joints, particularly if surgical treatment of a symptomatic patient is anticipated.
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Amel Djerbal, Youssria Akloul-Hamdaoui, SamirTebani e Nazim Sifi. "Tarsal Coalition in Children and Adolescent And Recurrent Sprain Frequency". International Journal of Allied Medical Sciences and Clinical Research 12, n.º 1 (11 de janeiro de 2024): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.61096/ijamscr.v12.iss1.2024.22-26.
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Tarsal coalitions correspond to an abnormal fusion of one or more tarsal bones. Tarsal coalitions cause pain, stiffness, recurrent sprains, and contracted valgus flat feet in children and adolescents, detrimental to the functional prognosis. They can be difficult to diagnose on standard x-rays, so it is vital to be aware of the indirect radiological signs that may be suggestive. When in doubt, cross-sectional imaging techniques should be used. Despite the fact that it can cause radiation, CTscan is still the gold standard, providing a three-dimensional approach to the bone bridge and allowing comparative bilateral studies.
We report the case of a 12-year-old boy with unilateral talo-calcaneal left-wing coalition, who presented with pain, a notion of repeated sprains, stiffness of the back foot with a significant limitation of daily activities and sports.
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Ibrahima, Diarassouba. "La démocratie ivoirienne à l’épreuve des stratégies coalitionnelles politiques". European Scientific Journal, ESJ 17, n.º 28 (31 de agosto de 2021): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2021.v17n28p150.
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L’adoption du multipartisme par la Côte d’Ivoire en 1990 s’est accompagnée du phénomène de la coalition comme nouvelle stratégie de conquête du pouvoir par des partis politiques à travers des alliances politiques. La première coalition (le front républicain) visant à former une majorité électorale est née en 1995 de l’alliance entre le FPI et le RDR pour évincer le PDCI du pouvoir. Ensuite s’en sont suivi le Rassemblement des Houphouétistes pour la Démocratie et la Paix (RHDP) en 2005, et La Majorité Présidentielle (LMP) en 2010. Ces coalitions ont toutes fait preuve de fragilité face aux opportunités politiques au point que deux d’entre elles n’existent plus (Front Républicain ; LMP), et celle qui existe (RHDP), est exposée au risque de désintégration à cause des querelles internes de positionnement. Le présent article a pour objectif d’identifier et d’analyser des causes des échecs des coalitions politiques et leurs conséquences sur la démocratie en Côte d’Ivoire. C’est une étude qualitative ancrée dans le courant théorique du changement social. Elle s’appuie sur la méthode de l’analyse de contenu. Après l’analyse des données, quatre principales causes de la fragilité des coalitions ont-été identifiées. Il s’agit : (1) du charisme trop fort des leaders politiques dans la coalition ; (2) du non-respect du principe d’inclusivité dans la prise de décision par les partis dans la mise en place des coalitions (3) de l’inexistence d’un projet de société commun clairement formalisé dès le départ entre les partis coalisés; (4) du comportement nombriliste des partis politiques membres des coalitions qui nourrissent des projets personnels inavoués.
The adoption of multiparty politics by the Ivory Coast in 1990 was accompanied by the phenomenon of the coalition as a new strategy for the conquest of power by political parties through political alliances. The first coalition (the Republican Front) aimed at forming an electoral majority arose in 1995 from the alliance between the FPI and the RDR to oust the PDCI from power. Then followed the Gathering of Houphouetists for Democracy and Peace (RHDP) in 2005, and The Presidential Majority (LMP) in 2010. These coalitions have all shown fragility in the face of political opportunities to the point that two of them between them no longer exist (Republican Front; LMP), and that which exists (RHDP) is exposed to the risk of disintegration because of internal disputes over positioning. The objective of this article is to identify and analyze the causes of the fragility of political coalitions and their consequences on democracy in Côte d'Ivoire. It is a qualitative study rooted in the theoretical stream of social change. It is based on the method of content analysis. After analyzing the data, four main causes of the fragility of coalitions were identified. These are: (1) the too strong charisma of political leaders in the coalition; (2) the failure to respect the principle of inclusiveness in decision-making by the parties in the establishment of coalitions (3) the non-existence of a common social project clearly formalized from the start between the united parties; (4) the navel-gazing behavior of the political parties that are members of the coalition, which have unacknowledged personal projects.
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Just, Petr. "Slovakia’s Oversized Cabinet after the 2020 Parliamentary Elections: Barrier against Extremism Vol. II, or Protection of Its Own Stability?" Politologický časopis - Czech Journal of Political Science 27, n.º 3 (2020): 388–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/pc2020-3-388.
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This article deals with one of the major political consequences of parliamentary elections in every parliamentary regime – the process of government formation. It focuses on the formation of the coalition government following the 2020 parliamentary elections in Slovakia, in the context of both pre-election developments as well as the main challenges and appeals of contemporary politics in general – the rise of far-right political parties. Its aim is to identify the coalition strategies presented before the elections of political parties and movements that had a theoretical chance of being elected to Parliament. Special emphasis is placed on the definition by the other political parties and movements of the long-time ruling party Smer and the far-right party Our Slovakia. The analysis continues with the post-election government formation process, the classification of the established coalition, including the allocation of cabinet portfolios, assessment of the similarities and differences of coalition parties, and factors that could possibly cause both instability as well as stability. It concludes that the joint definition by the new ruling parties and movements of Smer and Our Slovakia will, at least for some time, serve as a unifying factor keeping the coalition together. However, the coalition’s stability will be under almost constant pressure coming from both relations between coalition parties and the possibility of internal conflicts within the coalition parties and movements. The article argues that the establishment of the surplus majority coalition might – besides the official justification for it – serve as a protection against government destabilization.
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Babu, Satish, Ravikiran Shenoy, Piyush Mahapatra e Amit Amin. "Isolated Cuboid-Lateral Cuneiform Coalition". Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 107, n.º 6 (1 de novembro de 2017): 556–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/15-118.
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Tarsal coalitions represent a cohort of conditions characterized by bony, cartilaginous, or fibrous union of two or more tarsal bones. These disorders are often poorly understood by medical professionals, often leading to delays in diagnosis and treatment. They may be asymptomatic or cause hindfoot pain, stiffness, decreased range of motion, and foot deformities. Coalitions can be investigated by an ascending sequence of imaging including radiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. They may be managed conservatively with orthoses, activity modification, physiotherapy, anti-inflammatory medications, or definitive surgical intervention. To our knowledge, cuboid-lateral cuneiform coalition has not been reported in the orthopedic literature. We describe a 40-year-old woman with this condition who reported a 1-year history of left foot pain and stiffness. She was definitively diagnosed with magnetic resonance imaging and was managed conservatively with an aircast boot and hydrocortisone injection.
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Lertzman, Ken, Jeremy Rayner e Jeremy Wilson. "Learning and Change in the British Columbia Forest Policy Sector: A Consideration of Sabatier's Advocacy Coalition Framework". Canadian Journal of Political Science 29, n.º 1 (março de 1996): 111–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423900007265.
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AbstractThis article uses British Columbia forest policy to test our ability to distinguish between policy change and policy learning using the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) developed by Paul Sabatier. The authors find the ACF a useful way of approaching policy change in this sector, but argue that finer discriminations are needed to detect policy learning. They argue that Sabatier underestimates the extent to which the legitimation function of key ideas forces dominant advocacy coalitions to respond to criticisms in ways that promote learning. They conclude that, in this case, adaptive strategies undertaken by a dominant advocacy coalition in response to criticism has resulted in policy-oriented learning that may cause a major policy shift without an externally induced crisis in the forest policy sector.
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Kim, Jaeyoung, Jonathan Day e Woo-Chun Lee. "Surgical Outcomes after Simple Coalition Bar Excision in Naviculo-Medial Cuneiform Coalition in Adults". Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 5, n.º 4 (1 de outubro de 2020): 2473011420S0029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011420s00292.
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Category: Midfoot/Forefoot; Other Introduction/Purpose: Coalition of the naviculo-medial cuneiform joint (NCJ) is a relatively rare condition among the tarsal bone coalitions. Thus, optimal treatment is still largely unknown. There is a paucity of literature, with few cases documenting arthrodesis of the NCJ in adults with varied outcomes. As the NCJ contributes to the majority of motion along the medial column of the foot, arthrodesis of the joint may cause excessive stress on adjacent joints. Furthermore, the nonunion rate of NCJ is reportedly high, ranging from 3 to 15%. The purpose of this study was to report the outcomes of simple coalition bar excision in patients with NCJ coalition. Additionally, we investigated preoperative abnormal conditions around the NCJ using weight bearing computed tomography (WBCT). Methods: We retrospectively identified 21 feet in 18 prospectively followed patients from 2010 to 2018 who underwent simple coalition bar excision of NCJ in our institution. Chart review was performed to retrieve demographic data of the patients, clinical presentation findings, and concomitant procedures with coalition bar excision. Radiographically, the location and morphological pattern of the coalition were analyzed. Several angular parameters including medial arch sag angle (MASA) were measured on weightbearing x-rays to see if there are any angular collapse at NCJ after coalition bar excision (Figure 1). The existence of abnormal conditions adjacent to the NCJ such as arthritis of the first and second tarsometatarsal joint (TMTJ) and talonavicular joint (TNJ) were assessed using WBCT (n=17). Clinically, pre- and postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) and foot function index (FFI) were compared to assess for improvement in patient-reported outcomes. Results: The mean age of the patients was 30.9 years (range, 16-62) and the follow-up was 15.9 months (range, 12-24). Majority of the patient had fibrous coalition at the plantar-medial aspect and only one patient had bony coalition. The morphology of fibrous coalition was classified as irregular (n=8), cystic (n=1), and combined (n=11) based on CT findings. Intraoperatively, the motion of the NCJ was identified in every patient after coalition bar excision. WBCT revealed 15 feet (71.4%) having at least one abnormal finding around the NCJ (First TMTJ plantar gap; n=10, second TMTJ narrowing; n=9, first TMTJ spur & irregularity; n=2, TNJ spur; n=1). Pre- and postoperative MASA did not change significantly (p=0.932). There was significant improvement in VAS and FFI at final follow-up (p<0.001) Conclusion: A considerable proportion of patients with NCJ coalition had at least one radiographically arthritic feature at adjacent joints preoperatively, which may be caused by the restriction in motion associated with NJC coalition. Simple coalition bar excision in adults resulted in satisfactory outcomes without NC joint angular deterioration, while restoring motion at the joint.
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Goddard, Stacie E. "When Right Makes Might: How Prussia Overturned the European Balance of Power". International Security 33, n.º 3 (janeiro de 2009): 110–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isec.2009.33.3.110.
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From 1864 to 1871, Prussia mounted a series of wars that fundamentally altered the balance of power in Europe. Yet no coalition emerged to check Prussia's rise. Rather than balance against Prussian expansion, the great powers sat on the sidelines and allowed the transformation of European politics. Traditionally, scholars have emphasized structural variables, such as mulitpolarity, or domestic politics as the cause of this “underbalancing.” It was Prussia's legitimation strategies, however—the way Prussia justified its expansion—that undermined a potential balancing coalition. As Prussia expanded, it appealed to shared rules and norms, strategically choosing rhetoric that would resonate with each of the great powers. These legitimation strategies undermined balancing coalitions through three mechanisms: by signaling constraint, laying rhetorical traps (i.e., framing territorial expansion in a way that deprived others states grounds on which to resist), and increasing ontological security (i.e., demonstrating its need to secure its identity in international politics), Prussia effectively expanded without opposition. An analysis of Prussia's expansion in 1864 demonstrates how legitimation strategies prevented the creation of a balancing coalition.
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KARSTEN, Andreas SJ, e Marjoné Van Der BANK. "WHY EFFECTIVE INTERGOVERNMENTAL GOVERNANCE MECHANISMS ARE IMPORTANT BEYOND 2024". Journal of Public Administration, Finance and Law 31 (2024): 192–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.47743/jopafl-2024-31-15.
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The relevance of local governments is frequently defended based on municipalities’ novel contribution towards the promotion of democratisation and also the intensification of community participation in decision-making due to its close proximity to its citizens. However, the departing premise hereto is also that the realisation of a democratic and accountable government likewise depends on the degree of functionality of every municipal council. Volatility in governance structures like councils can therefore adversely compromise democratic and accountable governance, for example in cases of hung councils. In recent years, local coalition governments have been seen more frequently, partly due to the number of hang councils in South Africa. This can indirectly be attributed to the decline of support of the current ruling party in the Republic and, equally, the inability of other parties to obtain a clear majority during local government elections (Netswera & Khumalo 2022:1). This article investigates the effectiveness of national and provincial mechanisms strengthening an accountable and democratic local government Premier, Gauteng and Others v Democratic Alliance and Others matter. Through the doctrinal legal research, the authors used an analysis of primary sources on South African local government legislation and the impact the Premier, Gauteng and Others v Democratic Alliance and Others; All Tshwane Councillors who are Members of the Economic Freedom Fighters and Another v Democratic Alliance and Others; African National Congress v Democratic Alliance and Others (CCT 82/20; CCT 91/20) [2021] ZACC 34; 2021 (12) BCLR 1406 (CC); 2022 (1) SA 16 (CC) (4 October 2021) case have on hung councils. The research benefitted from secondary sources such as research reports, publications, journal articles and books. It follows that successful coalition councils are founded on the principles of cooperation and trust. Therefore, interventions as solitary intergovernmental mechanisms cannot remedy accountability and governance failures in municipalities, caused by coalition fallouts. Still, when a break between coalition partners ensues, accountable governance suffers because of the resulting volatility caused by the political standoff. The intergovernmental governance mechanisms, in isolation, are ineffective in sustaining and ensuring an accountable and democratic local government. Whereas, coalitions governments are the primary cause of volatility and dysfunctionality in municipalities, it remains the responsibility of coalitions to step up and execute their constitutional obligations as responsible executive actors in the local government area, to ensure accountable governance. In the absence thereof, coalitions must be held liable for the failure to execute their constitutional responsibilities
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Kim, Jong Seop, Byung Hyun Ahn e Cheungsoo Ha. "Bilateral lunotriquetral coalition in a military cook: a case report and review of the literature". Archives of Hand and Microsurgery 29, n.º 4 (1 de dezembro de 2024): 252–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12790/ahm.24.0038.
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Carpal coalitions are congenital conditions that can cause ambiguous wrist pain and should be considered as a rare possibility in the differential diagnosis, especially in screening settings such as military hospitals. This case report presents the first domestic report of bilateral lunotriquetral coalitions in a 21-year-old military cook who presented with bilateral wrist pain. A radiographic evaluation confirmed a Minnaar type 3 complete osseous coalition. After conservative treatment, the symptoms improved. This case was rare in the Korean context, and the report provides various radiological images along with a review of previously reported cases in the Korean literature.
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Meyer, David, e Catherine Corrigall-Brown. "Coalitions and Political Context: U.S. Movements Against Wars in Iraq". Mobilization: An International Quarterly 10, n.º 3 (1 de outubro de 2005): 327–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.10.3.f8u6t4u2708kw442.
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Although social movements in the United States are staged by coalitions, the politics of movement coalitions and the internal and external factors that affect their formation, maintenance, and dissolution are understudied. Here, we use the 2002-2003 movement against the impending war in Iraq to refocus analytical attention and sharpen theory on social movement coalitions. We contend that external circumstances, or political opportunities, are critically important factors that affect the propensity of social movement organizations to cooperate in common cause. Further, we contend that cooperation among groups can best be seen as variable, rather than dichotomous, and argue that political context affects the extent of cooperation among cooperating groups. We examine the importance of political context through a comparison of the first and second Gulf Wars. The decision of social movement organizations to join a coalition is akin to the process whereby individuals join social movements, involving an assessment of costs, benefits, and identity. As the political context changes, the costs and benefits are assessed differently and, for this reason, actively engaged coalitions are difficult to sustain over a long period as circumstances change. By looking at the antiwar movement generally, and the Win Without War coalition in particular, we show that cooperation was born in the second Gulf War out of the political opportunities presented by the George W. Bush's administration. We conclude with a call for more research on social movements as coalitions.
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Barnes, Bryant K. "“Are Not Our Interests the Same?”: Black Protest, the Lost Cause, and Coalition Building in Readjuster Virginia". Genealogy 7, n.º 1 (20 de fevereiro de 2023): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy7010012.
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Virginia’s Readjuster Party was the most successful interracial political coalition in the post-Reconstruction South. Initially arising from a conflict over the payment of Virginia’s massive public debt, the new party became a force of liberal reform and democracy in the Old Dominion. It represented an alternative path before Jim Crow segregation and disfranchisement became the norm. While the Readjusters have long interested historians, the significant work performed by Black Readjusters in building and sustaining the always-tenuous coalition has gone understudied. Knowing their white counterparts were anxious about interracial political alliances, Black Readjusters eased these anxieties by using the Lost Cause. Black Readjusters condemned carpetbaggers as corrupt and repurposed the myth of the faithful slave to strengthen the interracial coalition, press for their own demands, and demonstrate their status as true southerners. The strategy and its seeming contradictions succeeded in some cases and failed in others, and its ultimate effects remain unclear. By shifting focus to Black Readjusters’ coalition-building labors, this article centers Black political activism and challenges the presumptions scholars make about interracial politics and white supremacy.
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Williamson, David M., e Ian P. Torode. "CUBONAVICULAR COALITION: AN UNUSUAL CAUSE OF PERONEAL SPASTIC FLAT FOOT". ANZ Journal of Surgery 62, n.º 6 (junho de 1992): 506–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-2197.1992.tb07240.x.
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Kruss, Glenda. "Catching up, falling behind: the need to build upgrading coalitions for innovation and inclusive development in South Africa". Nova Economia 30, spe (2020): 1115–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6351/6191.
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Abstract Through analysis of the South African case, a country stalled in a middle income trap, the paper aims to add to the literature on catch-up. It uses Albuquerque’s (2019) model of the vicious cycles arising from inequality and income concentration, together with the notion of ‘upgrading coalitions’ (Doner and Schneider 2016) required to challenge these vicious cycles, to analyse the persistence of lock-ins. It then analyses a global astronomy project, a ‘window of opportunity’ building on historically grown capabilities, promoted by ‘upgrading coalitions’ operating in the national interest. In contrast, it proposes a ‘detour’ to build domestic capabilities, driven by an upgrading coalition centred on local economic development and livelihoods in the informal economy. The paper aims to reinforce the evidence on how inequality is both a cause and consequence of a middle income trap, and open debate on how upgrading coalitions may be a critical strategy for breaking lock-ins.
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Roberts, Janet Hatcher. "COALITION BUILDING AND PUBLIC OPINION". International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 15, n.º 1 (janeiro de 1999): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462399015147.
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The process of technology assessment is evolving. The process of policy development for technology is the least understood in the cycle of technology assessment. The process of policy development, which should involve extensive consultation and a broad-based research and evaluation program, is often fraught with difficulties and can cause further analysis or the assessment process to come grinding to a halt. This article reviews some social, political, and ethical issues and the role of civil society in influencing the technology assessment process for new reproductive technologies in Canada. It is written from the perspective of one of the Deputy Directors of Research and Evaluation for the Royal Commission on New Reproductive Technologies and highlights the strengths and difficulties of technology assessment when civil society and technology assessment come face to face. A brief update by a policy analyst in Health Canada on the current situation of legislation on new reproductive technologies has been provided and is included at the end of this article.
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Shim, Won-sup. "A Dilemma of Tourism Development and Environment Conservation over the Permission Policy of Cable Cars Construction in National Park: Focusing on the Frame Collision of Utilitarianism and Protected Values". Tourism Sciences Society of Korea 40, n.º 1 (31 de janeiro de 2016): 111–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17086/jts.2016.40.1.111.132.
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Tourism development has always faced the horns of a dilemma between discourse on development and conservation. The construction of cable car pathways in a national park is the case in this situation. The purpose of this paper is to determine the cause of the dilemma between the developers and the conservers over cable car construction in a national park in terms of frame theory. For this purpose, a frame analysis based on the perspective of utilitarianism and protected values to describe the process of the permission policy of cable car construction in a national park is suggested. The findings were as follows. First, the different structure but same frame between developers and the conservers was an important cause of the dilemma and unsatisfactory result. Second, the dilemma between the development-oriented coalition(central and local government) and the conservation-oriented coalition(NGOs and civil society) was caused by the government’s inconsistent policy approach style and the frame difference on the permission policy of cable cars construction in a national park.
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Higgott, Richard A., e Andrew Fenton Cooper. "Middle power leadership and coalition building: Australia, the Cairns Group, and the Uruguay Round of trade negotiations". International Organization 44, n.º 4 (1990): 589–632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818300035414.
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Perhaps the key question of debate among neorealist scholars of international political economy concerns the manner in which cooperation may or may not be secured in the global economic order "after hegemony," a question posed by Robert Keohane. A second broad question of interest to scholars of international politics concerns the manner in which weaker states attempt to influence stronger ones. A conflation of these two questions could cause scholars and practitioners alike to pay closer attention than they have in the past to coalitions of the weak as vehicles for cooperation and regime building in the global political economy.This article offers a case study of one recent exercise in coalition building as an attempt to foster cooperation in a "nonhegemonic" environment. Specifically, it examines the role of the Cairns Group of Fair Trading Nations in its attempts to foster reform in global agricultural trade within the current Uruguay Round of trade negotiations. The Cairns Group is shown to be an atypical, single-issue driven, transregional coalition. Led by Australia, the Group's actions represent an interesting exercise in "middle power" politics in a global economic order whose decisionmaking processes are increasingly more fragmented and complex and whose major actors need coaxing toward processes of cooperative economic management.
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Dzieniszewski, Emily, Lucas D. Elliott e Melissa Bopp. "Bicycle coalitions and universities prioritization of equity: why and why not? A shift towards more equitable opportunities". Journal of Kinesiology & Wellness 11 (3 de junho de 2022): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.56980/jkw.v11i.101.
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Travel by walking or bicycling has a wide range of health benefits, from lowering the risk of obesity to all-cause mortality. Although the benefits of bicycling are well-known, there are various disparities and inequities seen in participation levels and safety in underserved and underrepresented communities (e.g., racial/ethnic minorities, women, low-income, youth, LGBTQ+). Community coalitions and universities have the potential to play a large role in reaching underrepresented populations and establishing equitable programming. The purpose of this study was to understand why equity is or isn’t prioritized throughout bicycle coalition and universities’ programming efforts. Methods: A volunteer sample of bicycle coalitions (n=71) and universities (n=51) were surveyed to identify common themes from the participants’ responses regarding why or why not equity was prioritized. Results: Common themes among coalitions and universities who ranked equity first, was awareness of the inequality present in their communities, identified equity as an important element, and planned to prioritize equity in their programming. Common themes among those who ranked equity last was the lack of awareness, knowledge, and demand for equity-related issues. Conclusions: Equity is a concern for coalitions and universities. Implementation of different resources has the potential to increase equitable programming in both community and university settings.
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Mespreuve, M., F. Vanhoenacker e K. Verstraete. "Lunotriquetral coalition, a normal variant that may rarely cause ulnar sided wrist pain". Journal of the Belgian Society of Radiology 98, n.º 2 (1 de abril de 2015): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/jbr-btr.769.
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Rugraff, Eric. "Les enjeux économiques allemands. Programmes électoraux, campagne et grande coalition". Revue d’Allemagne et des pays de langue allemande 38, n.º 1 (2006): 61–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/reval.2006.5873.
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Le lancement des réformes à partir de 2003, et notamment des lois Hartz sur le marché du travail, a suscité la défiance de l’aile gauche du SPD et conduit aux élections du 18 septembre 2005. La question des réformes et de l’avenir de l’économie sociale de marché a été au cœur des élections allemandes. Dans leur programme électoral, les chrétiens-démocrates ont proposé de réduire le poids de l’État-Providence et de privilégier des politiques structurelles stimulant l’offre. Les sociaux-démocrates s’opposaient à une baisse supplémentaire des impôts qui remettrait en cause la fonction redistributive de l’État et proposaient de conserver le modèle de cogestion. La campagne électorale a été marquée par une radicalisation des positions, Angela Merkel optant pour un discours de révolution libérale et Gerhard Schröder privilégiant les mérites de l’État-Providence. Le programme de synthèse de la grande coalition table sur la poursuite des réformes engagées par Gerhard Schröder et ne remet pas en cause le modèle d’économie sociale de marché. Le nouveau gouvernement de coalition prévoit d'engager une politique de relance de l’activité économique en 2006 et un rééquilibrage des finances publiques à partir de 2007.
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Yoo, Jae Ho, Eung Ha Kim, Byung Sung Kim e Jang Gyu Cha. "Tarsal Coalition as a Cause of Failed Tarsal Tunnel Release for Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome". Orthopedics 32, n.º 4 (1 de abril de 2009): 285–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/01477447-20090401-09.
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Abda, Rafik Ben, Marc Wuerdeman, David Leitman e David Nguyen. "Rare Cause of Foot Pain: Osseous Coalition of the Third Metatarsal and Lateral Cuneiform". Military Medicine 182, n.º 5 (maio de 2017): e1814-e1815. http://dx.doi.org/10.7205/milmed-d-16-00240.
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Okubo, Hirotaka, Yoshiyuki Akamine, Kenji Horikiri, Goichi Okahara, Chojo Futenma e Fuminori Kanaya. "Carpal Coalition as Possible Cause of Carpal Boss in Young Patients: A Case Report". Orthopedics & Traumatology 59, n.º 2 (2010): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5035/nishiseisai.59.341.
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Dixon, Mary E., Peter Armstrong, David B. Stevens e Mike Bamshad. "Identical mutations in NOG can cause either tarsal/carpal coalition syndrome or proximal symphalangism". Genetics in Medicine 3, n.º 5 (outubro de 2001): 349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00125817-200109000-00004.
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Taufiqurrohman, Moch Marsa. "KOALISI PARTAI POLITIK DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP SISTEM PRESIDENSIAL MULTIPARTAI DI INDONESIA". Kertha Semaya : Journal Ilmu Hukum 9, n.º 1 (31 de dezembro de 2020): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ks.2020.v09.i01.p12.
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Artikel ini berupaya meninjau kembali praktik koalisi partai politik di tengah sistem presidensial pasca reformasi, dan menilai sejauh mana dampaknya terhadap kestabilan pemerintahan. Pasca reformasi 1998, sejumlah besar partai politik telah didirikan, menunjukkan bahwa munculnya fragmentasi politik adalah sesuatu yang tidak terhindarkan. Alih-alih melaksanakan pemerintahan secara sehat, partai politik membentuk koalisi untuk memperkuat kedudukan mereka di parlemen. Implikasi penerapan multi partai dalam sistem presidensial ini seringkali menimbulkan deadlock antara eksekutif dan legislatif. Sistem presidensial yang dikombinasikan dengan sistem multi partai dapat menjadi sistem yang stabil dan efektif dengan cara penyederhanaan partai politik, desain pelembagaan koalisi, dan pengaturan pelembagaan oposisi. Namun di sisi lain koalisi juga menjadi sangat berpengaruh pada stabilitas pemerintahan. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif, artikel ini bertujuan untuk meneliti politik hukum terkait praktik koalisi partai politik di Indonesia dan mengetahui upaya-upaya dalam praktik ketatanegaraan yang dapat merealisasikan stabilitas sistem pemerintahan presidensial pada koalisi di multi partai. Artikel ini menemukan kesimpulan bahwa model pemilihan legislatif dan eksekutif yang dipilih langsung oleh rakyat justru menjadi penyebab disharmonisasi antara legislatif dan eksekutif yang mengarah kepada terjadinya kebuntuan antar kedua lembaga tersebut. Lebih-lebih apabila yang menguasai lembaga ekesekutif dan lembaga legislatif adalah dari latar belakang partai politik yang berbeda. Akibatnya, praktik koalisi seperti ini cenderung mengakibatkan lebih banyak masalah, sehingga penerapan sistem ini memiliki dampak signifikan terhadap demokrasi yang didefinisikan dan dinegosiasikan.
This article attempts to review the practice of coalitions of political parties in the post-reform presidential system and assess the extent of their impact on the stability of the government. Post-1998 reform, a large number of political parties have been established, suggesting that the emergence of political fragmentation is inevitable. Instead of implementing a healthy government, political parties formed coalitions to strengthen their positions in parliament. The implication of implementing multi-party in the presidential system often creates deadlocks between the executive and the legislature. A presidential system combined with a multi-party system can become a stable and effective system by simplifying political parties, designing institutionalized coalitions, and organizing opposition institutions. But on the other hand, the coalition has also greatly influenced the stability of the government. By using normative juridical research methods, this article aims to examine legal politics related to the practice of political party coalitions in Indonesia and to find out the efforts in state administration practices that can realize the stability of the presidential system of government in multi-party coalitions. This article finds the conclusion that the legislative and executive election models directly elected by the people are the cause of disharmony between the legislature and the executive which leads to a deadlock between the two institutions. This is even more so if those who control the executive and legislative bodies are from different political party backgrounds. As a result, coalition practices like this are likely to cause more problems, so the adoption of these systems has a significant impact on defined and negotiated democracy.
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Sun, Xiaoli, Zengke Shi, Yonghui Shen, Junyun Liu, Ping Wang e Wanwen Li. "Effects of Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiang Decoction (CGGD) Combined with Cognitive Behavioral Intervention on Cognitive Behavior and Depressive State in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder After Modified Electroconvulsive Therapy". Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 18, n.º 4 (1 de julho de 2024): 634–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2024.2413.
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Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a mental disease characterized by depressed mood, anhedonia, and lack of energy. Modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT) can effectively alleviate depression. However, it has been reported that MECT may cause cognitive impairments. Therefore, it is imperative to explore a new treatment approach with high efficacy in alleviating depressive symptoms and ensuring safety. In this study, we investigate the clinical efficacy of Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiang Decoction (CGGD) combined with cognitive behavioral intervention in patients with MDD after MECT and elucidate the therapeutic mechanism of CGGD in treating MDD. A total of 90 patients with MDD who underwent MECT at our hospital from 2021.01 to 2023.01 were included and randomly divided into 2 groups: a regular group received cognitive behavioral intervention and a coalition group received cognitive behavioral intervention combined with CGGD. A comparative analysis was performed on the clinical efficacy, cognitive function, and depressive state between the two groups. We observed that the coalition group exhibited a significantly higher total effective rate (93.33%) compared to the regular group (73.3%). After the intervention, the HAMD scores in the coalition group were lower than those in the regular group. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that compared to the regular group, the coalition group showed higher numbers of total tests and correct responses and lower numbers of wrong responses and persistent errors. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the combined treatment can effectively enhance antidepressant effects and improve cognitive function in patients with MDD after MECT.
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Løvlie, Frode. "Explaining Hamas's Changing Electoral Strategy, 1996–2006". Government and Opposition 48, n.º 4 (26 de março de 2013): 570–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gov.2013.3.
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Hamas, the most influential Islamist party in the occupied Palestinian territories, replaced its strategy of electoral boycott in 1996 with participation in 2006 – a change that is not explained in the literature. Assisted by theories of party change, the article seeks to fill this gap. The article demonstrates that the move from boycott to participation can largely be attributed to a change of dominant coalition. In line with the theoretical assumptions, environmental challenges and shocks altered the power–balance within Hamas, robbing the coalition dominating at the time of the boycott of its power and allowing a new faction to obtain dominance. This new dominant faction saw political participation as a legitimate avenue to pursue Hamas's cause, and its rise to power secured the change of strategy and participation in the 2006 elections.
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van Prooijen, Jan-Willem, e Mark van Vugt. "Conspiracy Theories: Evolved Functions and Psychological Mechanisms". Perspectives on Psychological Science 13, n.º 6 (19 de setembro de 2018): 770–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745691618774270.
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Belief in conspiracy theories—such as that the 9/11 terrorist attacks were an inside job or that the pharmaceutical industry deliberately spreads diseases—is a widespread and culturally universal phenomenon. Why do so many people around the globe believe conspiracy theories, and why are they so influential? Previous research focused on the proximate mechanisms underlying conspiracy beliefs but ignored the distal, evolutionary origins and functions. We review evidence pertaining to two competing evolutionary hypotheses: (a) conspiracy beliefs are a by-product of a suite of psychological mechanisms (e.g., pattern recognition, agency detection, threat management, alliance detection) that evolved for different reasons, or (b) conspiracy beliefs are part of an evolved psychological mechanism specifically aimed at detecting dangerous coalitions. This latter perspective assumes that conspiracy theories are activated after specific coalition cues, which produce functional counterstrategies to cope with suspected conspiracies. Insights from social, cultural and evolutionary psychology provide tentative support for six propositions that follow from the adaptation hypothesis. We propose that people possess a functionally integrated mental system to detect conspiracies that in all likelihood has been shaped in an ancestral human environment in which hostile coalitions—that is, conspiracies that truly existed—were a frequent cause of misery, death, and reproductive loss.
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Kumar, S., P. Kaundal, K. Parmar, S. Akif e S. Dey. "Bilateral obstructive megaureter with right lower ureteric urothelial carcinoma: a very rare coalition". Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 104, n.º 5 (maio de 2022): e153-e155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/rcsann.2021.0209.
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Upper tract urothelial cancers account for 5% of all urothelial cancers. Among these, more than 90% of tumours are located in the renal pelvis, while ureteric tumours are extremely rare. The distal ureter is the most common location, although multifocal implants may also occur. Megaureter is a common cause of obstructive uropathy in neonates and children. Nevertheless, it may be unnoticed, if asymptomatic. Megaureter may be obstructing or refluxing. Long-standing urinary stasis and recurrent urinary tract infection in megaureter may cause chronic irritation of the ureteric mucosa leading to dysplasia and malignancy. We report a 55-year-old man diagnosed with bilateral obstructive megaureter with right lower ureteric urothelial cancer and review the current literature.
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Zhang, Hui, Brian Foster, Jove Graham e Mark Seeley. "Assessing the Accuracy, Quality, and Readability of Online Patient Resources on Tarsal Coalition". Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 7, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2022): 2473011421S0051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011421s00514.
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Category: Other; Hindfoot Introduction/Purpose: The internet is an inexpensive and convenient source for health information. However, without regulation, the quality and accuracy of the information is unknown. Tarsal coalition is a common cause of pediatric foot pain and disability. We hypothesized that the online patient information on tarsal coalition is of low accuracy, low quality, and of poor readability. Additionally, we hypothesized that sources found on the first search page were of higher quality, greater accuracy, and more readable. Methods: A cross-sectional review of the internet was performed using the term 'tarsal coalition' on the 3 most popular search engines. Unique sites were categorized based on authorship and search result order. Websites were evaluated using a novel content score based on the AAOS OrthoInfo site on tarsal coalition (max score: 20), JAMA Benchmark and DISCERN scores for quality, and Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) and Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) for readability. Results: A total of 47 unique websites were evaluated. They ranged from professional organization/society websites to websites for individual practices and professional blogs. The average content score was 13.1 (range: 4-20). The average DISCRN score was 34.2 (range: 19-57.5). We did find a positive correlation between the content score and DISCERN scores of the included resources (p=0.04). The average 11.4 (range 8.5-15.5). Only 2 of the websites (4%) were written at or below an 8th grade reading level, which has been documented as the average reading level of the general population in the United States. Websites that were authored by physicians had greater DISCRN and readability scores compared to academic and private practice websites (DISCERN 40.4 vs 32.3 (p=0.001) and 31.7 (p=0.01), respectively, FKGL 13.0 vs 10.4 (p=0.002) and 11.1 (p=0.03), respectively, FRE 31.5 vs 48.7 (p=0.0001) and 45.2 (p=0.025), respectively). Conclusion: Online patient resources on tarsal coalition are of low quality, inaccurate, and too complex for the average reader. Physician authored websites may serve as better resources compared to academic or private practice sites. Physicians should caution patients using the internet for information on tarsal coalition.
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Carson, Craig W., William W. Ginsburg, Marc D. Cohen, Richard A. McLeod e Harold B. Kitaoka. "Tarsal coalition: An unusual cause of foot pain—Clinical spectrum and treatment in 129 patients". Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism 20, n.º 6 (junho de 1991): 367–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0049-0172(91)90012-o.
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Dagan, David, e Steven M. Teles. "The Social Construction of Policy Feedback: Incarceration, Conservatism, and Ideological Change". Studies in American Political Development 29, n.º 2 (outubro de 2015): 127–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x15000048.
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Over the last decade, in a major switch in position, conservatives have embraced the cause of reducing prison populations in the states and, increasingly, at the national level. The long-term crime decline and the increasing antistatism of the Republican Party contributed to this change, but it also has an important cognitive component: Policy makers have become more open to evidence of the damaging effects of mass incarceration. In contrast to previous studies, our case shows that such policy “feedback” only functions politically when a signal about a policy consequence is assigned valence and intensity by policy makers, whose calculations are heavily structured by the demands of party coalitions. On issues in which no core coalition member has a major stake, feedback can be tipped from reinforcing to undermining and vice versa, but this process depends on the efforts of entrepreneurs to change the way information is processed. In a highly polarized environment, opening policy makers to previously ignored evidence requires the cultivation of a reform cadre composed of ideological standard-bearers who can vouch for the orthodoxy of the new position.
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Wyatt, Andrew. "India in 2013". Asian Survey 54, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2014): 151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2014.54.1.151.
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The Congress-led coalition battled through another difficult year with issues of governance continuing to cause difficulty for the government. The economy performed unevenly, with high rates of inflation and slower economic growth. Close relations were maintained with the U.S., but relations with China remained awkward. Pakistan and India made little headway on improving relations. Campaigning for the 2014 general election began midway through 2013.
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Percy, E. C., e David L. Mann. "Tarsal Coalition: A Review of the Literature and Presentation of 13 Cases". Foot & Ankle 9, n.º 1 (agosto de 1988): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110078800900108.
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Tarsal coalition refers to the condition that exists when there is absent or restricted movement between two or more of the bones of the hindfoot. The usual cause of the restricted movement is a congenital abnormality with a fibrous (syndesmosis), cartilagenous (synchondrosis), or bony (synostosis) union between the adjoining involved bones. The commonest site of these congenital anomalous attachments are reported in the literature as being located at the calcaneonavicular, the talocalcaneal, and, less commonly, the talonavicular areas. Limited movement in the hindfoot can also result from trauma, arthritis, tumor, or injury involving those joints in the foot. The congenital form may often go unrecognized until such time as a twist or sprain of the ankle or foot leads to its diagnosis. On the other hand, the condition may go unrecognized as a cause for chronic pain or discomfort in the hindfoot or ankle. In this article, a series of 13 feet in 11 patients with this condition that have been noted in the sports medicine clinic at the University of Arizona Health Sciences Center during the past 8 years is described. A detailed historical, clinical, and biomechanical account is also included.
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Kaur, Harmeet, Punit Tiwari, Gurtej Singh Saini e Nitish Bansal. "Complete Ankle Joint that is Tibiotalar and Distal Tibiofibular Coalition Presenting with Foot and Ankle Pain – A Case Report". Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports 14, n.º 5 (2024): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.13107/jocr.2024.v14.i05.4424.
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Introduction: Coalition is an abnormal, usually congenital, or developmental connection in between or the complete fusion of two bones that are otherwise separate. It is of three types, i.e., synostosis (bony connection), synchondrosis (cartilaginous connection), or syndesmosis (fibrous tissue). Its typical cause is the failure of mesenchymal segmentation and differentiation. Usually, it is seen in tarsal or carpal bones and very rarely in between other bones. Only a single case of a tibiotalar coalition has been reported previously in literature. Herein, we are reporting a case of the talocrural coalition, which is the first one from the Indian sub-continent. Case Report: A 16-year-old moderately built female patient of Indian origin presented with chronic pain of 1-year duration in the right foot and ankle region on weight bearing. The pain was dull aching type, mild-to-moderate in severity and worsened with activity or prolonged walking, and relieved on taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. No relevant history was present. On local examination, diffuse tenderness was present in the ankle and the tarsal bones. Almost negligible dorsiflexion and about 15° plantar flexion of the foot were possible. An initial radiograph of the right ankle revealed osseous fusion between the distal tibia and fibula, as well as between the tibia, fibula, and the dome of the talus. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed osseous fusion involving the distal tibia, fibula, and the dome of the talus (both medially and laterally), indicative of talocrural fusion. No edema or inflammation was appreciable in the adjacent tendons or synovium. The patient was explained regarding the pathology and the prognosis. She was managed conservatively and was satisfied. Conclusion: Radiographs play a crucial role in evaluating patients suspected of having a coalition or ankylosis. Complementary tools such as computed tomography and MRI are valuable for a more in-depth assessment of the fusion and aid in surgical planning. Keywords: Talocrural, tibiotalar, coalition, ankylosis, bony, osseous, fusion, synostosis, synchondrosis, syndesmosis.
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Zhang, Hui, Brian K. Foster e Mark A. Seeley. "ASSESSING THE ACCURACY, QUALITY, AND READABILITY OF ONLINE PATIENT RESOURCES ON TARSAL COALITION". Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 9, n.º 7_suppl3 (1 de julho de 2021): 2325967121S0003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967121s00037.
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Background: The internet is an inexpensive and convenient source for health information. However, without regulation, the quality and accuracy of the information is unknown. Tarsal coalition is a common cause of pediatric foot pain and disability. Hypothesis/Purpose: We hypothesized that the online patient information on tarsal coalition is of low accuracy, low quality, and of poor readability. Additionally, we hypothesized that sources found on the first search page were of higher quality, greater accuracy, and more readable. Methods: A cross-sectional review of the internet was performed using the term “tarsal coalition” on the 3 most popular search engines. Unique sites were categorized based on authorship and search result order. Websites were evaluated using a novel content score based on the AAOS OrthoInfo site on tarsal coalition (max score: 20), JAMA Benchmark and DISCERN scores for quality, and Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) and Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) for readability. Results: A total of 47 unique websites were evaluated. They ranged from professional organization/society websites to websites for individual practices and professional blogs. The average content score was 13.1 (range: 4-20). The average DISCERN score was 34.2 (range: 19-57.5). We did find a positive correlation between the content score and DISCERN scores of the included resources (p=0.04). The average 11.4 (range 8.5-15.5). Only 2 of the websites (4%) were written at or below an 8th grade reading level, which has been documented as the average reading level of the general population in the United States. Websites that were authored by physicians had greater DISCERN and readability scores compared to academic and private practice websites (DISCERN 40.4 vs 32.3 (p=0.001) and 31.7 (p=0.01), respectively, FKGL 13.0 vs 10.4 (p=0.002) and 11.1 (p=0.03), respectively, FRE 31.5 vs 48.7 (p=0.0001) and 45.2 (p=0.025), respectively). Finally, we noted that websites which appeared on the first page of the search engine results were not of higher quality than those that appeared on later pages (DISCERN 32.6 vs 39.8, p=0.002). Conclusions: Online patient resources on tarsal coalition are of low quality, inaccurate, and too complex for the average reader. Physician authored websites may serve as better resources compared to academic or private practice sites. Physicians should caution patients using the internet for information on tarsal coalition.
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Sahu, Skylab. "Health Movement and Civil Society Activism: An Interface of Overlap and Exclusion". Studies in Indian Politics 4, n.º 2 (8 de novembro de 2016): 206–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2321023016665531.
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Of late, the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) has become a cause of concern for both the state and the non-state actors. The activism led by civil society on HIV/AIDS and health movements espouses the health needs and rights of HIV positive people. While playing politically active role, at times civil society organizations (CSOs) support health movements, and their activities overlap. Although these groups are different in nature, structure and strategies, there are some commonalities among them. This article discusses the opportunities for coalition between CSOs and health movement, and also analyzes problems that lead to exclusion. The joint efforts of movements and CSOs have influenced the policy formulation and implementation towards ensuring rights of HIV positive people. There are several conducive factors towards building a strong network between CSOs and health movement. However, due to limitations associated with their activities, a strong coalition has not been possible resulting in a lack of a strong social movement.