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1
Addicted to the Process: How to Close Transactional Sales with Confidence and Consistency. Scott Leese, 2017.
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Compher, Danae. Master in Penny Stock Trading : How to Implement Risk Management to Become Consistently Profitable: Close in on the Stocks. Independently Published, 2021.
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Daniels-Brown, Glade, e Roman Daniels-Brown. The 7-8-9 Marriage: 7 Rules, 3 Tools. Simplified Communication Secrets Healthy, Happy Couples Use to Stay Consistently Close. Glade A Daniels-Brown, 2017.
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Kelso, Julie. The Patrilineal Narrative Machinery of Chronicles. Editado por Danna Nolan Fewell. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199967728.013.24.
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This article focuses on the strange story that functions as narrative origin in the Book of Chronicles: the murder of Saul and his sons (1 Chron. 10). In Chronicles, the logic of the production of meaning depends on the logic of patrilineal succession for its consistency. Upon close analysis of 1 Chronicles 10, it emerges that this narrative logic depends on the silencing of the maternal body. The murder of Saul and his sons is read symptomatically as a narrative of the originary repression of the maternal body, a repression necessary to sustain the phantasy of monosexual production that underwrites this masculinist history.
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Frase, Richard S. Principles and Procedures for Sentencing of Multiple Current Offenses. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190607609.003.0011.
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This chapter discusses the sentencing principles and procedures for multiple current offenses. It examines a seeming paradox: when multiple crimes are sentenced at one time or close together in time (simultaneous offenses), they are often sentenced much less harshly than when the same crimes are sentenced over a longer period of time (sequential offenses). Sequential offenses almost always receive penalties that are, in effect, fully cumulative (because all earlier sentences have already been entirely served), whereas simultaneous offenses typically receive less than fully cumulative penalties. The chapter first considers the diverse forms that multiple offending and the resulting criminal charges can take before highlighting several consistent differences between simultaneous and sequential offenses that justify presumptions in favor of more lenient treatment of simultaneous offenses cases. It also presents five proposals to make multiple-offense sentencing more principled and consistent.
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Reddy, Cara Camiolo, e Henry N. Huie. Medical Management of Sport-Related Concussion. Editado por Ruben Echemendia e Grant L. Iverson. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199896585.013.11.
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Concussion in sports can result in somatic, cognitive, sleep-related, and emotional symptoms. Although the majority of athletes recover within days to weeks, some concussed patients develop longer lasting symptoms, consistent with a postconcussive syndrome (PCS), that can be disabling and limit sport participation. Utilizing a multidisciplinary approach, individualized treatment plans should include patient education, physical and cognitive rest, appropriate therapies, close monitoring, and medical management of symptoms. This chapter provides recommendations for the medical management of sport-related concussion.
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Cohen, Jeffrey A., Justin J. Mowchun, Victoria H. Lawson e Nathaniel M. Robbins. A 35-Year-Old Man with Progressive Left-Hand Weakness. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190491901.003.0001.
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Multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) may be mistaken for common entrapment neuropathies, although absence of significant sensory findings is a helpful clue to the diagnosis. Multifocal motor neuropathy may also mimic motor neuron disease. Electrophysiological evidence of conduction block at a nerve site not typically prone to compression is consistent with MMN. A positive anti-GM1 antibody also supports the diagnosis. First-line treatment of MMN is intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and the majority of patients have rapid improvement of their weakness. The clinical features, differential diagnosis, investigations, and treatment options are described in this chapter.
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Ritzinger, Justin R. Disorienting Frameworks. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190491161.003.0003.
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This chapter offers a close reading of Taixu’s anarchist essays. Published in the journals of the Chinese Socialist Party and the Socialist Party, these pieces were not included in the posthumously edited Complete Works and thus have been largely lost to scholars. The chapter argues that we find in these essays a series of shifting articulations of the moral frameworks that would animate Taixu’s Maitreyan theology: revolutionary utopia and Buddhahood. These articulations shift among three different approaches: economic-materialist, sociocultural, and existential-metaphysical. Yet they display a consistent concern with Datong, or utopia; the means by which it can be brought about; and the knowledge that makes this transformation possible.
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Thomas, Emily. Samuel Clarke’s Evolving Morean Absolutism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807933.003.0010.
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Samuel Clarke is best known for the ‘Newtonian’ views on space and time he espouses in the Leibniz-Clarke correspondence. However, his writings on this topic extend far beyond that, and can help us to understand the particulars of Clarke’s metaphysics—including whether he is actually of a mind with Newton. The major part of this chapter considers Clarke’s metaphysical and epistemological views on time and space, arguing that the views Clarke puts forward in various texts can be rendered consistent. It reads Clarke as holding a position close to that of Henry More, and not the same as that of Newton. The minor part of this chapter considers Clarke’s account of divine presence in time and space, and argues that Clarke is a holenmerist.
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Rosca, Monica, Sergio Mondillo e Kim O’Connor. Left atrium. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198726012.003.0022.
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The left atrium (LA) in a close interdependence with the left ventricle plays an essential role in the overall cardiovascular performance. The impact of LA remodelling on prognosis and risk stratification has gathered increasing evidence. With advances in imaging technology, the assessment of LA size and function become more accessible and precise. LA volume provides the most accurate estimate of LA size and superior prognostic information. Accounting for complex geometry and motion, three-dimensional echocardiography emerges as the preferred technique for the assessment of dynamic changes in LA volume. The assessment of LA function, providing important pathophysiological information, can add consistency in establishing the clinical role of LA remodelling. It is essential to fully understand the strengths and weaknesses of conventional and new echocardiographic techniques used to evaluate LA function. Atrial strain and strain rate parameters are less load dependent and have higher sensitivity in assessing LA function than conventional parameters. However, the lack of standardization and incomplete data regarding their prognostic value limits their routine use in current clinical practice.
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Bajpai, Anandita. Speaking the Nation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199481743.001.0001.
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Untangling the logical, lexical, and semantic patterns of the multiple official speeches of Indian prime ministers, Speaking the Nation gauges how the Indian state has been projected by different governments in different times, in the face of challenges from internal and external actors that put pressure on its leaders to safeguard their status as legitimate elites in power. It analyses how Indian nationhood is consistently reshaped and reaffirmed by invoking its secular ethos and practice, as well as the experience of market liberalization. The book calls for serious engagement with political oratory in India. A close reading of speeches since 1991—from Narasimha Rao to Narendra Modi—it captures how, through these crosscutting topics, the prominent ‘authors of the nation’ and the ‘vanguards of the state’, speak India into being.
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Small, Mario Luis. Confidants. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190661427.003.0002.
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This chapter reviews the literature that probed people’s decisions about whom to turn to when they need a confidant and discusses reasons for considering an alternative. It first provides a historical overview of research on the subject before analyzing how the claim that people will turn to those they are close to when they have important matters to discuss is linked to the ideas about the differences between strong and weak ties. It also cites three reasons to doubt the notion that people will turn to strong ties when seeking confidants as consistently as they say they do. The chapter concludes by explaining the rationale for studying the experiences of graduate students who were forced to make decisions about whom to talk to when they needed someone to talk to.
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Insdorf, Annette. An Eye for an “I”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036859.003.0001.
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Philip Kaufman’s cinema is stylistically and philosophically rich, but he has not received the kind of acclaim routinely showered on his peers. One reason is that the movies of directors such as Woody Allen, Robert Altman, or Quentin Tarantino are easier to categorize as belonging to one person. Because Kaufman’s versatility is greater than his recognizability, he is considered less of an auteur. But close analysis of his twelve films reveals a true auteur at work. They are connected first by formal majesty: if Flaubert invoked “le mot juste” (the exact word), Kaufman finds “l’image juste”—the precise cinematic device appropriate to the story. Second, they are linked by an exploration of recurring and resonant themes. No other living American director has so consistently and successfully made movies for adults, tackling sensuality, artistic creation, and manipulation by authorities (governmental as well as technological)....
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Gordon, Robert, e Olaf Jubin. Introduction. Editado por Robert Gordon e Olaf Jubin. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199988747.013.30.
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The Introduction explains the need for academic exploration of the British musical by approaching the genre from various perspectives: its sociocultural meanings, its correlation to queer culture and British camp, its close and sometimes rivalrous relationship with American popular culture, its attempts to straddle the divide between highbrow and lowbrow, and the relationship between the West End musical and ethnic subcultures in the UK. The authors argue that to judge British musicals by standards and conventions established by the Broadway musical is bound to be misleading, not least because British artists and audiences, responding to British and European influences, have consistently demonstrated a uniquely British sensibility and taste. The Introduction gives a brief overview of the twenty-eight essays, organized into six parts, which make up the Handbook. It concludes with lists of common themes in the British musical and of related topics that remain to be addressed.
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O’Collins, SJ, Gerald. The Truth and ‘Canonization’ of the Scriptures. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824183.003.0008.
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‘Saving truth’ is a more biblical and positive term than ‘inerrancy’ or freedom from error. Rather than being identified with biblical inspiration, the truth of the Scriptures is a major consequence of inspiration. It is close to the notion of the divine faithfulness and reliability. A progressive approach to biblical truth acknowledges that truth is to be found primarily in the whole Bible. Jesus Christ is the Truth, attested prophetically in the Old Testament and apostolically in the New. Ultimately biblical truth is something to be lived and practised. A closed list of inspired and authoritative books (which determine the Church’s faith and practice), the canon was constituted by maintaining the inherited Scriptures and accepting the New Testament on the basis of their apostolic provenance (taken in a broad sense), orthodox teaching (or adherence to the ‘rule of faith’), and wide and consistent usage in the Church’s liturgy and teaching.
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Masuda, Takahiko, Liman Man Wai Li e Matthew J. Russell. Judging the World Dialectically versus Non-Dialectically. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199348541.003.0007.
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For over three decades, cultural psychologists have advocated the importance of cultural meaning systems and their effects on basic modes of perception and cognition. This chapter reviews findings which have demonstrated that culturally dominant ways of thinking influence people’s basic perceptual and cognitive processes: East Asians are more likely to endorse holistic thinking and dialectical thinking style when they process information, such that they incorporate more contextual information into their judgments of focal objects, and North Americans are more likely to endorse non-dialectical thinking and analytical thinking styles, by focusing on foreground information. The chapter also reviews recent findings related to higher cognitive processes in judgments and decision making processes. It emphasizes two lines of research showing how cultural differences in perception and cognition affect the online decision making process, one involving various online processes in decision making and the other involving how cultures experience indecisiveness in their decisions. Finally, this chapter introduces recent findings highlighting how cultural differences in perception and cognition affect how people make judgments involved in resource allocation, how cultural consistency values affect personality judgments, and how memory judgments are affected by neural cues. To close, it discusses the importance of this line of research and its future directions.
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Gannagé, Emma. The Rise of. Editado por Khaled El-Rouayheb e Sabine Schmidtke. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199917389.013.2.
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On First Philosophy is the most emblematic work of Abū Yūsuf Ya‛qūb b. Isḥāq al-Kindī’s (ca. 801–ca. 870) surviving treatises. Aiming primarily to prove the oneness of God, the surviving part of the treatise consists of four chapters that form a consistent unit. The chapter provides a close reading of and commentary on the four chapters and shows how the texts unfold by following a very tight argument leading to the thesis toward which the whole treatise seems to aim: the true One, who is the principle of unity and hence the principle of existence of all beings, on the one hand, and the absolutely transcendent God, which can be approached only through a negative theology, on the other, are one and the same principle. In the meantime, al-Kindī would have demonstrated the noneternity of the world and shown the impossibility of finding sheer unity in the sensible world.
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Sørensen, Bjørn Bo, Christian Estmann, Enilde Francisco Sarmento e John Rand. Economic complexity and structural transformation: the case of Mozambique. UNU-WIDER, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2020/898-6.
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Mozambique is among the world’s least complex economies. By systematically accounting for both supply- and demand-side factors, we identify new products and sectors that can help to diversify and upgrade its economy. In a supply-side analysis, we use network methods from the literature on economic complexity to identify a set of target products that are complex, require productive capabilities useful in the export of other products, and are close to Mozambique’s existing productive structure. In a demand-side analysis, we use gravity models to predict the export potential of target products and markets given product-specific trade resistance and geographically dispersed demand. The broad sectoral focus of Mozambique’s industrial policy is largely consistent with structural transformation and export promotion. The current prioritization of agriculture, agro-industry, and metals is especially important, while there are unexploited opportunities in machinery, vehicles, and transport equipment. We find some potential for Mozambique to export target products to neighbouring countries.
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Small, Mario Luis. Someone To Talk To. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190661427.001.0001.
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When people are facing difficulties, they often feel the need for a confidant—a person to vent to or talk things through with who will offer sympathy or understanding. How do they decide on whom to rely? In theory, the answer seems obvious: if the matter is personal, they will turn to a spouse, a family member, or someone otherwise close. In practice, what people actually do often belies these expectations. This book follows a group of graduate students as they cope with the stress of their first year in their programs, probing how they choose confidants over the course of their everyday experiences and unraveling the implications of the process. The book then tests its explanations against data on national populations. It shows that rather than consistently rely on their “strong ties,” people often take pains to avoid close friends and family, because these are too fraught with complex expectations. People often confide in “weak ties,” as their fear that their trust could be misplaced is overcome by their need for one who understands. In fact, people may find themselves confiding in acquaintances and even strangers unexpectedly, without much reflection on the consequences. Amid a growing wave of big data and large-scale network analysis, the book returns to the basic questions of who we connect with, how, and why, and upends decades of conventional wisdom on how we should think about and analyze social networks.
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Jaeckle, Jeff, e Susan Ryan, eds. ReFocus: The Films of Barbara Kopple. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474439947.001.0001.
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Building on existing interviews, journal articles, and archival research, The Films of Barbara Kopple assesses Kopple’s entire career to date, paying particular attention historical contexts, technique, critical reception, and ongoing influence. Each chapter blends close analyses of the films with insights drawn from film history and documentary studies to demonstrate that Kopple has consistently and often doggedly pursued projects that document the experiences of the victimized, the voiceless, and those in crisis. The contributors treat the entire scope of Kopple’s career, from her work in the early 1970s as an intern for David and Albert Maysles, to her mid-career experiments with commercial television and fictional projects, and finally to her recent forays into digital streaming platforms such as YouTube. The book also provides cultural contexts for Kopple’s films, including representations of class, gender, sexuality, and race. Finally, it assesses the contours of Kopple’s critical reputation and popularity, including her influence on contemporary filmmakers. In all, the book aims to stir interest in the life and films of Barbara Kopple, reminding readers why her films continue to be culturally significant.
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Demacopoulos, George E. Colonizing Christianity. Fordham University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823284429.001.0001.
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This book employs postcolonial critique to analyze the transformations of Greek and Latin religious identity in the wake of the Fourth Crusade. Through close readings of texts from the period of Latin occupation, the book argues that the experience of colonization splintered the Greek community over how best to respond to the Latin other while illuminating the mechanisms by which Western Christians authorized and exploited the Christian East. The experience of colonial subjugation opened permanent fissures within the Orthodox community, which struggled to develop a consistent response to aggressive demands for submission to the Roman Church. This internal fracturing has done more lasting damage to the modern Orthodox Church than any material act perpetrated by the crusaders. Ultimately, the statements of Greek and Latin religious polemic that emerged in the context of the Fourth Crusade should be interpreted as having been produced in a colonial setting and, as such, reveal more about the political, economic, and cultural uncertainty of communities in conflict than they offer genuine theological insight.
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George, Erika. Incorporating Rights. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199941483.001.0001.
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Incorporating Rights: Strategies to Advance Corporate Accountability examines existing and emerging advocacy strategies that could conceivably close a global governance gap that puts human rights at risk and places commercial actors at risk of becoming complicit in human rights abuses when conducting business in emerging market economies and complex environments. Corporate codes of conduct, sustainability reporting, and selected multistakeholder initiatives are presented as the building blocks of a system of soft law that could solidify to become binding baseline standards for better business practices. This book explains the conditions that have given rise to constructive change as well as those methods and mechanisms with promise for ensuring that business enterprises incorporate human rights considerations into business operations. This book explores how capital and consumer markets could provide an additional or alternative form of enforcement to promote responsible business conduct. It provides accounts of the creation of industry sector regulatory instruments and governance institutions arising from allegations of corporate complicity in human rights abuses. It examines how corporate social responsibility initiatives could close the governance gap and how codes of conduct could come to regulate like real rules. This book argues that regulation through information is essential to ensure that corporate conduct will be informed by human rights considerations and implemented consistent with respect for human rights. Where concerned consumers and investors exercise preferences for products that are not associated with abuse and have access to information on corporate performance and risks posed to human rights, there is potential to change corporate conduct. Societal expectations are increasing and evolving.
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Moessner, Lilo. The History of the Present English Subjunctive. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474437998.001.0001.
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Based on the definition of the subjunctive as a realisation of the grammatical category mood and an expression of the semantic/pragmatic category modality the book presents the first comprehensive and consistent description of the history of the present English subjunctive. It covers the periods Old English (OE), Middle English (ME), and Early Modern English (EModE), and it considers all contruction types in which the subjunctive is attested, namely main clauses, noun clauses, relative clauses, and adverbial clauses. Besides numerically substantiating the well-known hypothesis that the simplification of the verbal syntagm led to a long-term frequency decrease of the subjunctive, it explores the factors which governed its competition with other verbal expressions. The data used for the analysis come from The Helsinki Corpus of English Texts; they comprise nearly half a million words in 91 files. Their analysis was carried out by close reading, and the results of the analysis were processed with the statistical program SPSS. This combined quantitative-qualitative method offers new insights into the research landscape of English subjunctive use and into the fields of historical English linguistics and corpus linguistics.
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Jones, Alison L. Management of opioid poisoning. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0319.
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Opioids are ‘morphine like’ substances that have actions at specific opioid receptors (especially µ receptors) in the central nervous system (CNS). Tolerance of respiratory depression develops at a slower rate than analgesic tolerance, placing patients with a long history of opioid use at particular risk for respiratory depression. If chronic users abruptly stop taking opioids, they develop an acute withdrawal syndrome. Most opioid toxicity is the result of inadvertent overdosage during recreational use or in self-harm, but it can also be due to medication misuse and drug errors. It is characterized by three main clinical features (all may not be consistently present); depressed respiratory rate (the sine qua non of opioid poisoning) and respiratory volume, and reduced arterial oxygen desaturation, CNS depression, and small or pin-point pupils. Opioid-poisoned patients require early clinical assessment, appropriate administration of intravenous naloxone (competitive opioid antagonist) and meticulous respiratory supportive care, with close observation. Because of the longer half-life of opioids than naloxone, repeated doses may be needed for long-acting opioids or large doses of shorter acting opioids. If opioid antagonists are given to regular opioid users in excess, they can precipitate acute withdrawal symptoms. The need for ITU admission usually occurs as a result of a complication of the opioid toxicity.
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Barr, Colin, e Simon Skinner. Political and Social Thought. Editado por Frederick D. Aquino e Benjamin J. King. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198718284.013.20.
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John Henry Newman was not a politician. Throughout his life he preferred the spiritual to the temporal. This tendency became even more pronounced after his conversion to Roman Catholicism, and his concomitant recognition that his ideal of a theocratic polity was now unattainable. But Newman was also consistently engaged with and in matters that might properly be considered political. As an Anglican, he was personally, politically, and practically interested in the condition of the poor, the dangers of industrialization, and the creation of a political order that was in accord with God’s plan as he and his fellow Tractarians understood it. As a Catholic he retained a citizen’s interest in political life, and was moved by patriotism to mount a sustained defence of the British constitution in the wake of the inefficiencies and incompetencies revealed by the Crimean War. He was close to a number of front-rank politicians, mostly associated with the Liberal Party. His educational initiatives were in part designed to produce an educated Catholic elite that could participate in political life. He was adamant that Roman Catholics could be good citizens, whatever the implications of the First Vatican Council. Above all, Newman was a patriot who worried about his country and gave significant thought to how it should be governed.
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Nobile, Drew. Form as Harmony in Rock Music. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190948351.001.0001.
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This book offers a theory of form aimed at rock and pop songs of the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. The core claim is that rock form derives from the interaction between thematic design and harmonic structure. Many aspects of a rock song—lyrical structure, instrumental texture, melodic design, etc.—ultimately trace back to the relationship between harmonic trajectory and formal layout. The book begins with a theory of rock harmony rooted in an adaptation of Schenkerian analysis and proceeds to demonstrate that rock music is based on a small set of formal-harmonic patterns used consistently across genres and decades. It is these formal-harmonic patterns—not generic successions of sections—that define rock’s individual forms. These forms provide a backdrop framing interpretations of specific songs, a lens through which we may comprehend their particular lyrical narratives, timbral signifiers, and broad expressive content. Though broadly theoretical in scope, this book is deeply analytical, demonstrating the value and utility of close reading of rock songs. Ultimately, the book defends a structural approach to rock analysis, arguing not only that such an approach is an important and valuable mode of engagement for rock but also that rock’s structural aspects deeply affect the way we perceive and interact with the repertoire.
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Sicular, Terry, Shi Li, Ximing Yue e Hiroshi Sato, eds. Changing Trends in China's Inequality. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190077938.001.0001.
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This work provides a new, comprehensive, and empirically grounded study of household incomes in China that critically examines the long-term rise and recent apparent decline in inequality. It covers incomes and inequality nationwide as well as separately in the urban and rural sectors, with close attention to measurement issues and to underlying changes in the economy, institutions, and public policy. The chapters examine a range of related topics, including the inequality of wealth, the emergence of a new middle class, the income gap between the Han and the ethnic minorities, the gender wage gap, and the impacts of government policies, such as social welfare programs and the minimum wage. A distinguishing feature of the book is its use of data from the China Household Income Project (CHIP), a collaborative, international research project that has organized nationwide household surveys spanning 1988, 1995, 2002, 2007, and, most recently, 2013. The CHIP data make possible to provide a consistent picture of the evolution of China’s income and inequality from the late 1980s to the beginning of the Xi Jinping era. Analyses of the 2013 CHIP data, with comparisons to findings from past rounds of the survey, reveal new trends in China’s inequality.
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Phillips, Christina. Religion in the Egyptian Novel. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474417068.001.0001.
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Religion has played a major role in the Arabic novel since its inception. From the first forays into realism in the early decades of the twentieth century to the technically sophisticated and experimental works of the late 1960s to the present, the Arabic novel has consistently engaged with religious themes and issues. This book is an original, in-depth study of the intricate and enduring relationship between religion and the Arabic novel in Egypt. Part One addresses questions of form and ideology and explores the role of religion in the Arabic novel as it came of age. It examines religion in a selection of early works in the context of nation formation, modernity and secularism, and develops a concept of religion as the ‘other’, with all the tension and ambivalence that this implies. Part Two explores religious themes and subjects in the Arabic novel from the late 1960s onwards. Through close readings of representative texts, it analyses intertextual dialogues with religion (chapter 5) Sufi dimensions (chapter 6), the Coptic theme (chapter 7) and feminist literary engagements with Islam and Christianity (chapter 8) in the Arabic novel. The essential question underpinning the study is why and how is the Arabic novel, as a modern form which eschews faith and dogma, so heavily involved with religion and what does this reveal about religious, secular and novelistic discourse?
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Ranjan, Prabhash. India and Bilateral Investment Treaties. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199493746.001.0001.
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Many countries have started contesting international investment treaties that allow foreign corporations to sue sovereign states for alleged treaty breaches at international arbitration forums. This contestation has taken the form of either countries terminating their investment treaties or walking out of the investor–state dispute settlement (ISDS) system. India has also jumped on the contestation bandwagon. As a consequence of being sued by more than 20 foreign investors, India terminated close to 60 investment treaties and adopted a new Model bilateral investment treaty (BIT) purportedly to balance investment protection with the host state’s right to regulate. This book critically studies India’s approach towards BITs by tracing the origin, evolution, and the current state of play. The book does so by locating it in India’s economic policy in general and policy towards foreign investment in particular. India’s approach towards BITs and India’s policy towards foreign investment were consistent with each other in the periods of economic nationalism (1947 to 1990) and economic liberalism (1991 to 2010). However, post 2010; India’s approach to BITs has become protectionist while India’s foreign investment policy continues to be liberal. In order to balance investment protection with the state’s right to regulate, India needs to evolve its BIT practice based on the twin framework of international rule of law and embedded liberalism.
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Cave, Stephen, Kanta Dihal e Sarah Dillon, eds. AI Narratives. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198846666.001.0001.
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This book is the first to examine the history of imaginative thinking about intelligent machines. As real artificial intelligence (AI) begins to touch on all aspects of our lives, this long narrative history shapes how the technology is developed, deployed, and regulated. It is therefore a crucial social and ethical issue. Part I of this book provides a historical overview from ancient Greece to the start of modernity. These chapters explore the revealing prehistory of key concerns of contemporary AI discourse, from the nature of mind and creativity to issues of power and rights, from the tension between fascination and ambivalence to investigations into artificial voices and technophobia. Part II focuses on the twentieth and twenty-first centuries in which a greater density of narratives emerged alongside rapid developments in AI technology. These chapters reveal not only how AI narratives have consistently been entangled with the emergence of real robotics and AI, but also how they offer a rich source of insight into how we might live with these revolutionary machines. Through their close textual engagements, these chapters explore the relationship between imaginative narratives and contemporary debates about AI’s social, ethical, and philosophical consequences, including questions of dehumanization, automation, anthropomorphization, cybernetics, cyberpunk, immortality, slavery, and governance. The contributions, from leading humanities and social science scholars, show that narratives about AI offer a crucial epistemic site for exploring contemporary debates about these powerful new technologies.
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Walker, Elsie. Hearing Haneke. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190495909.001.0001.
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Haneke’s films are sonically charged experiences of disturbance, desperation, grief, and many forms of violence. They are unsoftened by music, punctuated by accosting noises, shaped by painful silences, and defined by aggressive dialogue. Haneke is among the most celebrated of living auteurs: he is two-time receipt of the Palme d’Or at Cannes Film Festival (for The White Ribbon [2009] and Amour [2012]), and Academy Award winner of Best Foreign Language Film (for Amour), among numerous other awards. The radical confrontationality of his cinema makes him a most controversial, as well as revered, subject. Hearing Haneke is the first book-length study of the sound tracks that define his living legacy as an aural auteur. Hearing Haneke provides close sonic analyses of The Seventh Continent, Funny Games Code Unknown, The Piano Teacher, Caché, The White Ribbon, and Amour. The book includes several sustained theoretical approaches to film sound: including postcolonialism, feminism, genre studies, psychoanalysis, adaptation studies, and auteur theory. From these various theoretical angles, Hearing Haneke shows that the director consistently uses all aural elements (sound effects, dialogue, silences, and music) to inspire our humane understanding. He expresses faith in us to hear the pain of his characters’ worlds most actively, and hence our own more clearly. This has profound social and personal significance: for if we can hear everything better, this entails a new awareness of the “noise” we make in the world at large. Hearing Haneke will resonate for anyone interested in the power of art to inspire progressive change.
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Thomas, Edmund. Monumentality and the Roman Empire. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199288632.001.0001.
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The quality of "monumentality" is attributed to the buildings of few historical epochs or cultures more frequently or consistently than to those of the Roman Empire. It is this quality that has helped to make them enduring models for builders of later periods. This extensively illustrated book, the first full-length study of the concept of monumentality in Classical Antiquity, asks what it is that the notion encompasses and how significant it was for the Romans themselves in molding their individual or collective aspirations and identities. Although no single word existed in antiquity for the qualities that modern authors regard as making up that term, its Latin derivation--from monumentum, "a monument"--attests plainly to the presence of the concept in the mentalities of ancient Romans, and the development of that notion through the Roman era laid the foundation for the classical ideal of monumentality, which reached a height in early modern Europe. This book is also the first full-length study of architecture in the Antonine Age--when it is generally agreed the Roman Empire was at its height. By exploring the public architecture of Roman Italy and both Western and Eastern provinces of the Roman Empire from the point of view of the benefactors who funded such buildings, the architects who designed them, and the public who used and experienced them, Edmund Thomas analyzes the reasons why Roman builders sought to construct monumental buildings and uncovers the close link between architectural monumentality and the identity and ideology of the Roman Empire itself.
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Horn, Gerd-Rainer. The Moment of Liberation in Western Europe. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199587919.001.0001.
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The moment of liberation in Western Europe, 1943-1948, regards the final two years of World War II and the immediate post-liberation period as a moment in twentieth century history, when the shape and contours of postwar Western Europe appeared highly uncertain and various alternatives and conflicting visions were up for grabs. After close to six years of total war, Nazi terror and brutal occupation policies, a growing number of Europeans were no longer content solely to fight for national liberation from fascist control. Having staked their lives in military and civilian resistance to Nazism and Italian fascism across the continent, surviving activists were aiming to ensure that such a political and social catastrophe would never befall Europe again. In the closing moments of World War II, hundreds of thousands of antifascist activists had begun to identify with the famous quote penned by the exiled German social theorists, Max Horkheimer, who had boldly proclaimed in early September 1939: ‘Whoever is not prepared to talk about capitalism should also remain silent about fascism.’ The economic and political elites in prewar societies were increasingly regarded as co-responsible for war, fascism and occupation policies, from which many had benefited significantly and often enthusiastically. There were extensive popular social movements at work in almost every single state which aimed to construct postwar societies in which grassroots democracy and the free association of rank-and-file activists would replace the profit principle and the top-down Jacobin orientation by traditional elites. This book for the first time reconstructs the parameters of this contest over the shape of postwar Western Europe from a consistently transnational perspective.
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Ho, Jean. New Property in International Law. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/9780191976117.001.0001.
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Abstract New Property in International Law is a story of how international law constantly falls short when it comes to property regulation because its stakeholders have consistently failed to define what property is. Until now, property in international law has been an enigma. We are told that international law possesses sufficient content to regulate property, we are shown provisions in international instruments addressing property rights, and we bear witness to the resolution of property disputes in accordance with international law. Yet, when we are asked what the defining attributes of property in international law are, we draw a collective blank. The absence of reformist agitation from the international community towards an international law that brazenly regulates what it cannot or will not even define represents the turning of a collective blind eye to a critical knowledge gap. In the same way that driving a car with closed eyes is a possibly fatal accident in the making, driving the content of international law on property regulation without discerning the object of regulation is a possibly fatal anomaly in the laborious, and supposedly progressive, enterprise of legal development. Duly defined, newer forms of property push international law to a regulatory breaking point. When treaties as stalwart sources of international law prescribe obligations without properly identifying the object and penalizing the violators of those obligations, regulatory regimes built on treaties—such as the ones currently applicable to cultural, common, and contingent property—resemble a mirage. They offer victims shimmering hope and reprieve from a distance but vanish when the victim gets close enough to contemplate and formulate redress for the wrong suffered.
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Purcell, Jr., Edward A. Antonin Scalia and American Constitutionalism. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197508763.001.0001.
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Antonin Scalia and American Constitutionalism is a critical study of Justice Antonin Scalia’s jurisprudence, his work on the U.S. Supreme Court, and his significance for an understanding of American constitutionalism. After tracing Scalia’s emergence as a hero of the political right and his opposition to many of the decisions of the Warren Court, this book examines his general jurisprudential theory of originalism and textualism, arguing that he failed to produce either the objective method he claimed or the “correct” constitutional results he promised. Focusing on his judicial performance over his thirty years on the Court, the book examines his opinions on virtually all of the constitutional issues he addressed, from fundamentals of structure to most major constitutional provisions. The book argues that Scalia applied his jurisprudential theories in inconsistent ways and often ignored, twisted, or abandoned the interpretive methods he proclaimed, in most cases reaching results that were consistent with “conservative” politics and the ideology of the post-Reagan Republican Party. Most broadly, it argues that Scalia’s jurisprudence and career are particularly significant because they exemplify—contrary to his own persistent claims—three paramount characteristics of American constitutionalism: the inherent inadequacy of “originalism” and other formal interpretive methodologies to produce “correct” answers to controverted constitutional questions; the relationship—particularly close in Scalia’s case—between constitutional interpretations on one hand and substantive personal and political goals on the other; and the truly and unavoidably “living” nature of American constitutionalism itself. As a historical matter, the book concludes, Scalia stands as a towering figure of irony because his judicial career disproved the central claims of his own jurisprudence.
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Salvucci, Vincenzo, e Finn Tarp. Estimating poverty transitions in Mozambique using synthetic panels: A validation exercise and an application to cross-sectional survey data. 26a ed. UNU-WIDER, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2021/964-8.
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In this paper we first validate the use of the synthetic panels technique in the context of the 2014/15 intra-year panel survey data for Mozambique, and then apply the same technique to the 1996/97, 2002/03, 2008/09, and 2014/15 cross-sectional household budget surveys for the same country. We find that in most analyses poverty rates and poverty transitions estimated using synthetic panels provide results that are close to the true values obtained using the 2014/15 panel data. With respect to intra-year poverty dynamics, we find that Mozambique has a high intra-year variability in consumption and poverty, and a very high degree of intra-year poverty immobility, with a big portion of the population remaining either in poverty or out of poverty over the whole year, with smaller percentages of individuals moving upward or downward. With respect to the 1996/97, 2002/03, 2008/09, and 2014/15 cross-sectional surveys, our results suggest that in most year-to-year comparisons there is a greater proportion of people getting out of poverty than falling into poverty, consistent with the poverty-reduction process observed, but the percentage of people staying in poverty over time appears to be substantially higher, involving about one-third of the population in most years. Further analyses on the 2008/09 and 2014/15 surveys estimate that for an individual who was in the vulnerable group in 2008/09, there is a 60 per cent probability of remaining in the same group, whereas the probability of becoming non-vulnerable is lower than the probability of entering poverty. This constitutes the first attempt to provide an insight into poverty dynamics in Mozambique using all the available survey data.
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Delgado, Melvin. State-Sanctioned Violence. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190058463.001.0001.
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The role and function of the state is not to harm its residents but rather to help them develop their potential and meet their basic human needs. The importance of violence is well attested to by Oxford University Press devoting a book series on interpersonal violence. However, state-sanctioned violence in the United States is not, for example. The saying “The truth will set you free, but first it will make you miserable” comes to mind in writing this book because it holds personal meaning that goes beyond being a social worker and a person of color (Latinx). The basic premise and interconnectedness of the themes in this book were reinforced and expanded in the course of writing. Bonilla-Silva (2019, p. 14) states, “We are living, once again, in strange racial times,” which, indeed, is true. The hope is that readers appreciate the numerous threads between themes, some of which have not gotten close attention by the general public and scholars. Harris and Hodge (2017), for example, adeptly interconnect environmental, food, and school-to-pipeline social injustice issues among urban youth of color, illustrating how oppressions converge. Future scholarship will connect even more dots to create the mosaic that constitutes state-sanctioned violence. It was a relief to see the extent of scholarship on the topics addressed in this book. Bringing together this literature, public reports, and the experiences from those currently dealing with state-sponsored violence allowed for a consistent narrative to unfold. Writing a book is always a process of discovery. There is a body of scholarship to buttress the central arguments of this book, but no such literature addressing the structural interconnectedness of the types of state-sanctioned violence for social work. The sociopolitical, interactional consequences of place, time, people, and events set a social-political context that is understood by social workers and makes this mission distinctive because of this grounding. Viewing state-sanctioned violence, including its laws and policies, within this prism allows the development of a vision or charge that can unite people, as well as a deeper commitment to working with oppressed groups in seeking social justice. Social work is not exempt from having a role in state-sanctioned violence. This book only delves into the profession’s history and evolution to appreciate how it has reinforced a state-sanctioned violence agenda, wittingly or unwittingly. Practice is never apolitical; it either supports a state-sanctioned violence narrative or resists it with counternarratives. Social work must be vigilant of how it supports state violence.
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De Laurentis, Giacomo, Eugenio Alaio, Elisa Corsi, Emanuelemaria Giusti, Marco Guairo, Carlo Palego, Luca Paulicelli et al. Rischio di credito 2.0. AIFIRM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47473/2016ppa00030.
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The EBA Guidelines on loan origination and monitoring (hereinafter "GL LOM") undoubtedly represent a substantially new piece of the banking regulatory framework. In fact, for the first time, the regulator moves into a topic that was traditionally outside the scope of financial regulation, so far almost exclusively focused on aspects directly linked to both micro- and macro-prudential stability, notably through capital and liquidity management requirements and guidelines on Business Model and Internal Governance. The credit management process, and in particular loan origination and monitoring, has always been typically considered as a business issue under sole responsibility of banks, as it is considered one of the "core" processes (if not the "core" process) of the banking business. As a matter of fact, since the issue of the capital requirement regulation (i.e., Basel II and Basel III), and the introduction of the use requirements for the rating systems, the regulator moved very close, but not yet, to prescribe specific credit assessment criteria, while dictating methodological and organizational requirements for the authorization of the rating systems, and leaving substantial freedom to banks to define their own models and embedded assessment criteria and indicators. With the GL LOM, the regulator takes a further step, remarkably beyond its traditional remit, dictating principles and rules for the evaluation of the credit quality of borrowers. The starting point for this new approach from the regulator can be found in the ECB guidelines on Non-Performing Loans, later endorsed by the Bank of Italy Guidelines for Less Significant Banks, aimed at encouraging banks to define their NPL management processes and establish reduction plans to achieve NPL ratio targets in line with the regulator's expectations. Consistently with the focus on NPL, the regulation on Calendar Provisioning, amending the CRR was issued; as being a Regulation, it involves all banks, and not only significant ones (for which the ECB Addendum also applies). In addition, the new definition of default (the so-called "new Dod") has defined stricter criteria for the transition of exposures to the default status and also made the return of "cured" exposures to the performing status more difficult. The combined effect of these regulatory changes has been to make the default of counterparties not only more probable but also much more "expensive" for the banks. The natural “next step” of these regulatory changes was to "move backward" into the management process covering loan origination and monitoring . The EBA's stated objective with the issuance of the GL LOM is to define "robust and prudent" standards of lending practices so as to maintain a low level of NPLs in the future. Therefore, the focus of the GL LOM is the definition of requirements (some outlined as prescriptions, others in terms of principles) for the creditworthiness assessment of counterparties and for the management of the related data and information. Notwithstanding the fact that the Final Report has articulated the principle of proportionality much more clearly as compared to the Consultation Paper, the GLs set out three macro-categories of counterparties for which specific requirements are defined: • Individuals • Micro and small businesses • Medium and large companies. The GL LOM also provide recommendations about the valuation of guarantees both at origination and during ongoing monitoring, encouraging the use of advanced statistical models. The GL LOM focus on real estate guarantees, while financial collateral is outside the scope of the GL LOM. In the mind of the regulator, the GL LOM should not only reflect industry practices, but also incorporate the latest supervisory guidance on lending, and provide the stimulus to include ESG, AML/CTF and the use of innovative technologies into banking origination and, where applicable, monitoring processes.
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Márquez-Peláez, Sergio, Juan Antonio Blasco-Amaro e Mª José Aguado-Romeo. Incompatible living-donor kidney transplantation (an update). AETSA Área de Evaluación de Tecnologías Sanitarias de Andalucía, Fundación Progreso y salud. Consejería de Salud y Familias. Junta de Andalucía, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52766/kpnf6027.
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Background This report responds to a need to update the available information about incompatible living-donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) previously published in 2014 which, based on 14 case series and 1 cohort study, concluded that this type of transplants could be a therapeutic option with survival, graft and patient outcomes, adequate and similar to a compatible living-donor kidney transplant, however, these report only included ABO-incompatible information. Objective The purpose of the report is to provide updated evidence on effectiveness and safety in terms of graft survival and survival of patients undergoing incompatible LDKT. Method To answer the question a systematic review of the literature was carried out, by updating the structured searches of the previous existing report. The selection of the references was carried out first by title and abstract. Next, the full-text papers were selected by applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, defined a priori, by a single researcher. In the same way, we proceeded to extract the data from the articles finally selected, and their synthesis in tables similar to those of the previous report, with special attention to the HLA incompatibility LDKT data, since no information was collected in the previous report. Results From 232 localized references, 35 papers on incompatible LDKT have finally been included, 16 with information on HLAi transplant patients and 19 with ABO incompatible transplant patients. In all cases, case series with or without a control group and a very limited number of patients were treated, only 1 study registered more than 1000 patients undergoing incompatible LDKT in 22 centers (Orandi et al. 2014) in the case of HLAi. The information on graft survival in patients undergoing HLA-incompatible LDKT at 1 year is between 90 % (Laftavi et al. 2011) and 100 % (Blumberg et al. 2013; Yamanaga et al. 2013), while the data recorded over five years survival were lower, from 69 % (Couzi et al. 2015) to 94.7 % (Jakson et al. 2015). The 1-year patient survival registered was found between 90.5 % by Sharif et al. 2014 and 100 % (Blumberg et al. 2013 and Laftavi et al. 2011). The 5-year patient survival recorded is in the range of 59.2 % (in one of the subgroups described by Orandi et al. ) when the other HLAi subgroup does offer similar figures to the rest of the studies, around 86 % survival and the 5-year value provided by Kim et al. which registered 95.8 %. In general, for LDKT with ABO incompatibility, the results of the previous review from 2012 are maintained, with a 1-year graft survival in ABOi-type living donor kidney transplants recorded in up to 8 of the 19 included studies and one 84 % minimum (Bachmann et al. 2018). For patient survival at 1 year, it is 100 % or very close in all the studies on ABOi and figures are high, but somewhat lower, for patient survival at five years (between 92 % of Melexopoulus et al. and 97.7 % from Subramanian et al.). Conclusions There is great variability in the information presented by the studies, so that it make difficult to group together. The quality of the evidence is very limited, as these are case series studies with a high risk of bias, many without a control group, and others with comparative cohort results (historical retrospectives). However, the results shown are consistent and the claims of the previous 2012 report are maintained. Graft survival and patient survival for patients undergoing HLA-incompatible LDKT are high and comparable to values offered by ABOi transplants and ABO compatible transplants. In the studies on LDKT with ABOi data, the results collected on both survival variables maintain the statements of the previous report, remaining at high values. A single localized study about economic efficiency aspects was carried out in the United States, the authors conclude that the LDKT can be an efficient option in terms of cost per QALY, although this conclusion is not directly transferable to our National Health System.