Teses / dissertações: "Clover"

1

Heeb, Nick. "The Lucky Clover". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1522146192847002.

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2

Kuschel, Nolberto German Teuber. "Investigation of physiological factors determining white clover persistence in grass/clover swards". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333854.

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3

Steinkraus, Emma. "Catalpa, burdock, clover, worm". Thesis, University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3196.

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This work is regarded as casting symbolic spells: spells for the health of degraded prairie remnants, the thriving of bats, fearlessness, romantic love. Spells are a call for transformation, and images of transformation occur throughout the work - snakes molting, mummies decaying, insects in metamorphosis. Whether examining a construction site or the end of a relationship, the author is asking herself "when is change good and when is it catastrophic?" Right now the author is looking closely at punk, witchy contemporary artists like Rosy Keyser, Maria Loboda, Marisa Merz, Victor Man, and Sterling Ruby. The author is also influenced by artists who smash a lot of pictures together, or have an overwhelming "Google Image Search" aesthetic like Isa Genzken, Anne de Vries, and Camille Henrot. At the same time, the author is drawn to old, mysterious, precious things (Viking runes, Taureg amulets, Hilma af Klint paintings, archaeological digs) and have an abiding love of altarpieces, medieval objects, Botticelli, and Van der Weyden. Depictions of the Expulsion from the Garden serve as regular references. In them, the author finds an entwinement of her interest in ecological and romantic upheaval and a relationship to the body and touch that is both tender and precarious. The author wants to make the work that's about all the inexhaustible things: love, death, history, sex, mysticism, family, nature. It's not there yet, but she is working to make them happen.

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4

Walsh, Mark. "Mud, Twigs, and Clover". PDXScholar, 2019. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5181.

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The stories collected within this thesis are, by and large, tales of loss. To be more specific, the following losses occur: one brother, two lovers, a doting former sister-in-law, one's own health, certain freedoms, (including a room with a view,) life itself (twice,) and innocence, forever gone in an absent-minded moment of brutality. Chronology is toyed with somewhat, more so towards the beginning of this collection, less so towards the end. The opening story, "Three Kitchens," is comparatively unique in that it is the sole work written in the first person. While it fits thematically within the larger whole, it has been placed at the beginning based on this one difference. "Birdsong," a tale of regret centered on not leaving when it is prudent to do so, is the next story. The remaining four stories can be thought of as a pair of twins; "Candelabrum," and "The Becoming of Felix Wagner," both occur in 1961 East Berlin, during the construction of the Berlin Wall, (and are more closely entwined than are the last two stories.) "Hernandez," and "Hank Flowers," occur within the span of a few days in mid-1980's rural Pennsylvania, though are only bound together by the thinnest of threads.

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5

Youlin, Tang M. S. "Response of Leaf Protein to Ozone in Two White Clover Clones". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46494.

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A white clover ( Trifolium repens ) system, based on one ozone-sensitive (NC-S) and one ozone-resistant (NC-R) clone, has been developed as an indicator to estimate the effects of tropospheric ozone on plant biomass production. A reduction in the vegetative biomass ratio (NC-S/NC-R) of the clones was correlated with increasing concentrations of ozone during a 28-day exposure period. However, the mechanism of ozone sensitivity or tolerance at the biochemical or molecular level is not known. Superoxide dismutase isozyme activities in the two clones did not respond differently to ozone treatment. However, catalase activity increased somewhat more in the leaf tissue of NC-R, compared to NC-S, after ozone treatment. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) showed the presence of two proteins (Ozone-Response-Proteins, ORPs) that were more responsive to ozone in the tolerant genotype than in the sensitive one. After ozone treatment for three days, the ORPs were four-fold higher in leaf tissue of NC-R compared to NC-S. Also, the amount of the ORPs was twenty-fold higher in leaf tissue of ozone-treated NC-R than in that of control NC-R. These proteins have apparent molecular weights of 21.5 kD and 23 kD and isoelectric points of 4.1-4.4 on SDS-PAGE gels. The filtrate of a 100 kD concentrator showed that the native molecular weights of the ORPs were less than 100 kD. The results obtained from a study of field samples demonstrated that protein content in leaf tissue of both NC-R and NC-S was positively correlated with ORP content.
Master of Science

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6

Lee, Lai-ying Rosita. "Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of sweetclovers (Melilotus) germplasm resources /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21090208.

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7

Montpetit, Jean-Marc. "Inheritance and agronomic significance of adventitious root development in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.)". Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60530.

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Adventitious root growth from the crown of red clover constitutes a major portion of the root system in older stands. Two 2 yr old production fields and 3 yr old research plots were sampled in springs of 1988 and 1989 to determine the relationship between spring vigor and two root types of red clover. A higher average spring vigor rating was generally associated with the presence of well developed adventitious roots.
Five hundred and fifty-six red clover plants were dug in the fall of 1988 from a space planted (1 x 1 m centers) nursery established in the spring of the same year. Two divergent populations of 55 clones each were produced based on either a low or high score for adventitious root growth. The progeny of 32 single-crosses made within and between the two populations was evaluated for flowering habit and root types under spaced planting conditions during the 1989 growing season.
Six red clover cultivars were established in solid seedings to monitor adventitious root growth at three sampling dates.

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8

李麗瑩 e Lai-ying Rosita Lee. "Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of sweetclovers (Melilotus) germplasm resources". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31221269.

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9

Chapman, Ross. "The effect of slurry in the maintenance of the clover component in mixed grass/clover swards". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1988. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU022515.

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Low input grassland systems depend on cheap fertiliser sources, such as clover or animal manures, to maintain sward productivity. Clover is a poor competitor for phosphate (P2O5) and potash (K2O), a mixed sward will therefore require adequate inputs of these nutrients. Nitrogen (N) leads to the suppression of clover. Recycling of cattle slurry would be followed by small N and P2O5 but large K2O effects. The K2O and P2O5 would be expected to have a beneficial effect on the clover while the N would be detrimental. Two investigations into the balance between these aspects of cattle slurry on clover in a mixed sward were performed. Slurry N led to clover suppression, this effect was strongest following spring applications. K2O had a beneficial effect on the clover, the P2O5 supplied had a small positive effect but was insufficient to fully meet the clover's requirements. There was a suggestion that these beneficial effects were strongest following summer applications. In addition to these fertiliser effects, non nutritional secondary effects often followed slurry with a deleterious action on the clover. These effects were most common following higher rates of slurry and summer applications. A further investigation was performed to establish the effect of varying clover variety and companion grass species on the clover's susceptibility to cattle slurry N and secondary effects and the nature of these effects following pig slurry applications. This revealed that clover's susceptibility to slurry N was inversely related to leaf size. No difference in secondary effects susceptibility arose with different clover varieties or companion grass species. Pig slurry was not accompanied by secondary effects. Slurry applications to mixed swards may therefore have positive and negative nutritional effects on the clover component but non nutritional secondary effects may also act with a deleterious effect on the clover.

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10

Symon, David. "Taxonomy and biology of Australasian solanaceae with additional studies of associated vegetation components /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SD/09sds9878.pdf.

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11

Sparks, Bret Andrew. "Reduced Inputs Turfgrass Through White Clover Inclusion". UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/pss_etds/41.

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Most managed turfgrass species require frequent inputs to maintain an acceptable level of quality. Among these inputs, nitrogen (N) fertilization is usually the most limiting in terms of growth and development. However, N fertilization is also linked to non-point source (NPS) pollution. White clover (WC) is known for its ability to provide N when mixed into stands of turfgrass, and does not pose a threat for NPS pollution. Two field studies were designed to investigate the effects of WC inclusion in stands of cool-season turfgrasses. In the first field study, three cultivation techniques were examined for establishment of WC into preexisting turfgrass stands at three different seasonal timings. Scalping during the summer was seen as providing the highest WC populations, although scalping treatments also caused the most initial damage to the turfgrass. In the second field study, mixed stands of turfgrass and WC were examined for response to several weeks of traffic simulations, with WC withstanding the traffic events. Additionally, a greenhouse study was implemented to examine the effects of several commercial broadleaf herbicides on two WC varieties. Only 2,4-D was shown to be safe for application to both WC varieties, although Microclover did show tolerance to quinclorac applications.

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12

Baines, R. N. "Interactions between white clover and pasture grasses". Thesis, University of Reading, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383598.

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13

Gros, SeÌbastien Alexandre Adrien. "Characterisation of an exogam clover germanium detector". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427018.

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14

Delhaize, Emmanuel. "Biosynthesis of copper metalloenzymes in subterranean clover". Thesis, Delhaize, Emmanuel (1986) Biosynthesis of copper metalloenzymes in subterranean clover. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1986. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/51718/.

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Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L. cv. Seaton Park) was grown in solution cultures containing adequate nitrogen both with and without copper. After copper deficiency had developed, Cu2+ was added to some deficient plants and copper content, protein content and activities of three copper met a 11oenzymes, (diamine oxidase DAO; [EC 1.4.3.63, ascorbate oxidase EEC 1.10.3.33 and .o-diphenol oxidase EEC 1.10.3.13), were assayed in young and recently matured leaf blades over 11 days during the development of the next three leaves. Copper deficiency had little effect on protein concentrations but markedly depressed enzyme activities and copper concentrations in al 1 leaf blades assayed. Within four days of adding Cu 2 + to copper-deficient plants, copper concentrations of all the leaf blades increased to adequate values. Enzyme activities only increased to control levels in leaves which had not yet emerged at the time that Cu2+ was added. The results suggested that active holoenzymes of DAO, ascorbate oxidase and .g-diphenol oxidase can only be synthesized in leaf blades during very early stages of their development. DAO was purified 135-fold from leaves of subterranean clover and found to consist of three isoenzymes. The native enzyme had a molecular weight of about 150,000 and weights of 80,000. Clover DAO catalysed the oxidation of a wide range of amines and was inhibited by copper ligands and reagents consisted of two subunits both with molecular reactive towards carbonyl groups. Copper was essential for enzyme activity with the apoenzyme being reactivated specifically by copper. The enzyme had a broad pH optimum from pH 7 to 8 and an activation energy of 47 kJ/mol with putrescine as a substrate. To study DAO biosynthesis further, antibodies were raised against the purified enzyme. The biosynthesis of diamine oxidase in leaf blades of subterranean clover was followed by labelling whole plants with 1 4 co2. A pulse-chase experiment in which DAO was immunoprecipitated with anti-DAO antibodies showed that only leaf primordia and the youngest emerged leaves were able to synthesize the enzyme. The amount of DAO in young leaves of clover grown with a range of copper treatments was determined by its enzymatic activity and by single radial immunodiffusion against anti-DAO antibodies; both parameters were highly correlated with the copper concentration of the 1eaf. Further, anti-DAO antibodies reacted against apo-DAO prepared in vitro indicating that apo-DAO was absent from copper-deficient leaves. These results suggest that the biosynthesis of DAO in young clover leaves is controlled by the copper concentrations of the leaves. Paly(A) mRNA, purified from leaf primordia and young emerging leaves of plants grown with either a high copper or low copper supply, was translated in wheat germ and rabbit reticulocyte cell-free systems. No differences between the two copper treatments could be seen in the SDS-PAGE profiles of the translation products after f1uorography. Since anti-DAO antibodies did not detect any DAO synthesized in vitro from either treatment no further conclusions could be drawn about the regulation of DAO biosynthesis by copper.

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15

Nichols, Phillip Geoffrey Harwood. "Evolution in sown mixtures of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.)". University of Western Australia. School of Plant Biology, 2004. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0008.

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[Truncated abstract] Evolution in two genetically diverse sown populations of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) was examined over 16 years at Mt Barker, a long growing season site, and at Nabawa, a short growing season site, in south-west Western Australia. One population consisted of a mixture of 40 strains sown in equal proportions, while the other was a bulk-hybrid population consisting of F2 seed from 253 crosses. Seed harvested annually and kept in cold storage was grown in an irrigated common garden at the University of Western Australia Field Station at Shenton Park, along with samples of the ancestral mixtures, to examine changes within these populations. Evolution in the strain mixture populations was measured by changes in strain frequency; strains were considered ecologically successful if their relative contribution was maintained or increased from that at sowing. Mixtures containing an additional 12 cultivars were also sown at each site to examine short-term population changes. The relative importance of 38 attributes measured in single-strain swards and spaced plants at Nabawa and Mt Barker was then related to strain success in mixtures at each site. Evolution in the bulk hybrid populations was measured in spaced plants at Shenton Park by changes in mean values and variability of 26 attributes. The ancestral populations evolved into markedly different populations at each site. Most evolution occurred within three years of sowing, due to elimination of poorly adapted genotypes. Within sites, the direction of selection was similar for both mixtures. In the strain mixture populations, different strains became dominant at each site. Divergent strains, those not identical to the sown strains, were significant components of the populations, particularly at Mt Barker, but their frequency did not increase. In the bulk hybrid populations, changes occurred in the means of 20 characters and variability declined in 11 characters at one or both sites. Appropriate flowering time was fundamental for success in both environments. At Nabawa, early flowering was crucial, while successful genotypes at Mt Barker were midseason and late flowering. Flowering time in both environments was a compromise between sufficient earliness for adequate seed production prior to the onset of summer drought, and deferment for as long as possible to allow plants to develop maximum size to compete for light in spring. The balance between these two competing forces differed in response to length of the growing season at each site

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16

Harrod, Richy J. "Demography and disturbance ecology of Iliamna longisepala and Trifolium thompsonii, two endemic species of the Wenatchee Mountains, Washington /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5594.

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17

Kempster, Valerie N. "Soil microbes as potential control agents for plant-parasitic nematodes in pasture /". Title page, contents and summary only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ACP/09acpk32.pdf.

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18

Braine, Lee Valentin. "Design and implementation of an object-oriented functional language". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325601.

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19

Cepeda, Hernandez Martha Lucia. "Phenotypic characterization of rhizobia that nodulate ball clover". Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2636.

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A total of 43 Rhizobium leguminosarium bv. trifolii isolates were obtained from soil samples of two ball clover (Trifolium nigrescens) pastures from Iola and Kilgore (Texas) using ball clover as capture plants. The isolates were phenotypically characterized by intrinsic antibiotic resistance (IAR) against a range of concentrations of eight antibiotics, and by the utilization of 95 different carbon sources (BIOLOG system). The rhizobial isolates were also evaluated for their tolerance to salinity, high temperatures and low pH. The isolates showed two different ranges of growth rates: fast-growing (doubling times between 1.4 - 3.7 h) and slow- growing isolates (12.3 - 21.3 h). The numerical analysis of the phenotypic characteristics showed that the 43 isolates could be grouped in 24 different strains. Cluster analysis based on sensitivity responses of IAR, metabolic profiles of BIOLOG and salt, temperature and acidity tolerance levels could distinguish the Rhizobium strains from a Pseudomonas isolate. The analysis also showed that the rhizobial strains isolated from ball clover nodules are different from a commercial R. leguminosarium bv. trifolii strain used as inoculant for this legume.

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20

Monks, D. P. "The vegetative and reproductive development of balansa clover". Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1337.

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The vegetative and reproductive development of balansa clover (Trifolium michelianum Savi.) were quantified in relation to the environmental drivers of each phenophase in field and controlled environments. In a grazed experiment over 6 years, balansa clover sown with cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) contributed 1.6 t DM/ha/year, or ~20% of the total DM production. However, grazing management for increased seed production during flowering in the establishment year strongly influenced balansa clover regeneration. The earliest closed plot (September) averaged between 2.2 and 4.3 t DM/ha/year of balansa clover across all six years. In an incubator, balansa clover required 29°Cd for germination with an optimum temperature of 14°C and a maximum of 40°C. The base temperature for germination was 0°C. A field experiment determined that 38°Cd were required for emergence with an optimum soil temperature (Topt) of 8.5°C. The time from emergence until the first leaf appeared, the phyllochron and timing of axillary leaf appearance were compared with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.). The rate of each was found to increase linearly with temperature. The balansa clover cultivar ‘Frontier’ required 97°Cd from sowing for the first leaf to appear, had a phyllochron of 47°Cd and secondary leaves appeared after 490°Cd. For each vegetative stage, the base temperature was 2.5°C. The timing of flower appearance depended on the quantity and direction of change of the photoperiod at emergence. A balansa clover plant, cv. ‘Bolta’, which emerged on 1 December into an increasing photoperiod of 15.6 hours flowered after 574°Cd (Tbase = 2.5°Cd) or 58 days after emergence. In contrast, if the plant emerged on 16 January into a similar but decreasing photoperiod it took 1503°Cd or 227 days to flower. This length of time became progressively shorter until remaining constant after the shortest day. In contrast, ‘Frontier’ took a constant 390 and 690 °Cd in increasing and decreasing photoperiods, respectively. The time which an individual inflorescence took from pollination until seeds were physiologically mature was 250 °Cd for both ‘Bolta’ and ‘Frontier’. The re-establishment of balansa clover each year relied on a large seed set (>1000 kg/ha) in the establishment year. The continued survival of balansa clover would then depend on a similar seeding event within a 4-5 year period to maintain the seed bank. Management considerations for balansa clover persistence and survival are discussed.

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21

Berrington, A. C. "Co-evolution of white clover to associated mycorrhizae". Thesis, Bangor University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381917.

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22

Clark, Sonya A. "Herbicide effects on white clover growth and nodulation". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Microbiology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6909.

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Five herbicides commonly used for suppression of weed growth in white clover seed crops were tested for toxicity against white clover (Trifolium repens), Rhizobium trifolii and the nitrogen fixing symbiosis formed between these two organisms. Trials were carried out on R.trifolii on solid and in liquid media to determine if growth of this bacterium was affected by the presence of the 5 herbicides. Paraquat and MCPB substantially inhibited bacterial growth on solid medium. Bentazone, fusilade and kerb caused very small zones of growth inhibition of R.trifolii on solid agar at high concentrations. None of the herbicides tested affected growth of R.trifolii in liquid culture. In vitro studies of herbicide toxicity toward white clover were carried out to identify interactions of herbicide activity with rhizobial inoculation and supplied nitrogen, and to attempt to identify the targets of herbicide activity. Nodules grown under in vitro conditions were excised and used for ultrastructural examination. Herbicides were applied to plants grown in vitro at two different stages of plant growth. White clover proved to be very sensitive to all herbicides at the early seedling stage. Three week old plants were more tolerant. Pot experiments in a glasshouse environment indicated the relevance of in vitro experiments of herbicide toxicity against plants and gave information on the effect of soil water levels on herbicide activity. Paraquat was extremely toxic to white clover both in vitro and in pot experiments. Nodulation is affected to some extent directly by this herbicide although dessication of foliage probably has some role in halting activity of the nitrogenise enzyme. MCPB caused severe deformation of root tissue both in vitro and in pot experiments. It must be either contaminated with the active form of this herbicide, MCPA, or is being broken down to the active form by bacterial or chemical action. Bentazone did not damage white clover or nodule activity in a consistent way in vitro. However this herbicide did have a deleterious effect on both plant weight and nodulation when applied to white clover grown in soil, particularly under conditions of low soil moisture. Fusilade showed a direct effect on the activity of nitrogenase in vitro. Fusilade also acted more severely against plants of higher nutritional status, and appeared to affect nodule activity directly rather than affecting nodules via damage to other plant parts. Kerb was very toxic to seedling white clover in vitro although older plants were not as susceptible and were stimulated by high concentration of kerb. In pots white clover was slightly inhibited by kerb at recommended concentration while 10 x this concentration did not cause any inhibition of nodulation or plant growth. Differences in results between in vitro and pot studies of toxicity of these herbicides to white clover appear to be due to the different application methods used. In vitro herbicides were applied to the whole plant while in pot experiments herbicides were foliarly applied, hence more uptake by roots would be expected. Pot experiments indicated that changes in nodulation generally reflected changes in plant growth rather than an independent activity of the herbicide on nodulation.

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23

Heshmati, Sara [Verfasser], Johannes [Akademischer Betreuer] Isselstein, Johannes [Gutachter] Isselstein, Stefan [Gutachter] Siebert e Klaus [Gutachter] Dittert. "Effect of white clover and perennial ryegrass genotype on yield and forage quality of grass-clover and grass-clover-forb mixtures / Sara Heshmati ; Gutachter: Johannes Isselstein, Stefan Siebert, Klaus Dittert ; Betreuer: Johannes Isselstein". Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1186372702/34.

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24

Constabel, Eva Caroline. "In vitro selection of red clover for resistance to Fusarium roseum L. and evaluation of regenerated plants". Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61957.

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25

Sivesind, Evan. "Factors affecting isoflavone concentration in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.)". Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84075.

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Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) contains isoflavones, which are of interest because of their benefits for human health as well as their adverse effects on the fertility of farm animals. Isoflavone concentration in 10 cultivars ranged from 8923 to 12753 mug g-1 DM averaged across sites, harvests, and years. One cultivar, 'Start', distinguished itself with particularly low isoflavone levels. Concentrations varied according to plant part with leaves having the highest levels followed by stems and inflorescences, when averaged across maturity levels and cultivars (11970, 4896 and 3297 mug g-1 DM, respectively). Greatest content was found in leaves and stems during vegetative stages. Fresh herbage contained higher isoflavone content than either silage or hay (14464, 12200 and 11604 mug g-1 DM, respectively). Foliar application of yeast extract, chitosan, and acetic acid elicitors overall showed modest (12-15%) increases in isoflavone concentration over untreated control plants. Differences were not observed between elicitor concentrations used.

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26

Enríquez, Hidalgo Daniel. "Strategies to optimise white clover (Trifolium repens L.) content in grass white clover swards to consistently replace inorganic nitrogen in grazing systems". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.673846.

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Mixed perennial ryegrass white clover (WC) swards (GWc) provide a sustainable nitrogen source for grazing systems and improve herbage quality, but sward WC content and nitrogen fixation can be suppressed by fertiliser nitrogen application. Differences in structural characteristics between the species can affect dairy cow digestion process and performance. In this thesis aspects related to the effect of nitrogen fertilizer application on intensively grazed GWc and grass only swards (GO) and the effects of grazing both swards on dairy cow feeding behaviour, herbage depletion rate, rumen function, methane emissions and milk production were investigated. Regardless of nitrogen rate applied (rates up to 240 kg N/ha we applied), WC inclusion into grass wards increased herbage production, quality and nitrogen yield. These effects declined as nitrogen rate increased, due to a reduction in WC content and fixation, but less so below 120 kg N/ha. When cows rotationally grazed either a GO or GWc, both swards had similar herbage production, but GWc had slightly greater herbage quality. Sward WC contents were approximately 20%, yet cows had similar milk production and composition. Cow daily and per unit of output methane emissions were similar, but cows grazing GWc had lower methane emissions per unit of feed intake. Although cows in both groups grazed for similar times, the cows on GWc spent less time ruminating, especially in summer and autumn. Rumen volatile fatty acids were similar on both swards but isoacids and D-lactic acid percentages, ammonia content and rumen pH were higher in autumn for cows grazing GWc. Similar sward depletion rates were observed. Overall, WC related effects were more likely to occur from June onwards, when sward WC content was greatest.

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27

Blain, François 1964. "Phytotoxicity and pathogenicity of Fusarium roseum against red clover". Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61848.

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28

Kemball, W. D. "Source-sink interrelationships in white clover (Trifolium repens L.)". Thesis, Bangor University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333705.

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29

Martin, Pierre. "Genetic studies on resistance to alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and tolerance to white clover mosaic virus (WCMV) in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.)". Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61820.

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30

Trowbridge, R. L. "Effects of Trifolium-Rhizobium symbiosis on Pinus contorta regeneration, forest soil, and selected native plant species". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29199.

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This study reports on the early effects of the Trifolium hybridum-Rhizobium symbiosis on Pinus contorta Doug, ex Loud (lodgepole pine), soil, and selected native plant species. Four rates of seeding (0, 10, 20, and 30 kg/ha) using inoculated Trifolium hybridum (alsike clover) seed were applied to three different site preparation treatments (broadcast burn, windrow burn, and mechanical scraping) using a split-plot design. Alsike clover and the Rhizobium inoculant were found to have excellent establishment and infectivity, and the symbiosis was assessed to be fixing nitrogen effectively. No effect of site preparation treatments was observed on establishment of the symbiosis, and clover-seeded plots averaged 76% cover by the end of the third growing season. The symbiosis had no significant (p < 0.05) effects on lodgepole pine total or incremental height or survival during the first three growing seasons, nor was there any observed effect on lodgepole pine foliar total nitrogen (N) concentration and ઠ¹⁵N values at the end of the second growing season. Small, but significant (p < 0.05) decreases were observed for lodgepole pine total and incremental diameter in the second and third growing seasons, as well as needle mass in the second growing season. The growth decreases were probably attributable to the effect of shading by the clover cover. However, lodgepole pine seedlings overtopped the clover by the end of the third growing season and shade effects are likely to decrease as tree seedlings continue to grow. After one growing season, the symbiosis significantly (p < 0.05) increased mineralizable N in the forest floor and mineral (0-15 cm) soil layers. However, no significant changes in total N were detectable. The changes in mineralizable N were likely a measure of increased microbial biomass attributable to greater amounts of rhizosphere soil in clover-seeded plots compared to controls. Available phosphorus (P) in the forest floor significantly (p < 0.05) decreased as rate of seeding increased after one growing season. The decrease of forest floor available P may be attributed to greater assimilation of P in clover-seeded plots for plant and microbial growth, as well as the additional requirements for P in the supply of biological energy needed for active N₂ fixation. All native plant species had low cover values which made interpretation of results difficult. However, percent cover of Calamagrostis canadensis, Rosa acicularis, and Spiraea betulifolia were significantly less in clover-seeded plots compared to controls at the end of the second growing season. Replacement of some herb and low-growing shrub species by legume-Rhizobium symbiosis may be desirable if the net result is an increase in site N without detrimental effects to tree crop species. It is recommended that the legume-Rhizobium symbiosis be established in the early regeneration of lodgepole pine plantations on similar sites that are inherently N deficient and have experienced further site N depletion through forestry practices such as slashburning.
Forestry, Faculty of
Graduate

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31

Atal, Chomali Vicente. "La era inflamatoria del universo en teorias de bigravedad: perspectivas teóricas y observacionales". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/111125.

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Magíster en Ciencias, Mención Astronomía
Este trabajo representa un primer intento para unir el paradigma inflacionario con teorías de bigravedad. Por una parte, inflación es un período hipotético dentro de la historia del Universo durante del cual el Universo hubo de expandirse aceleradamente. Este tipo de expansión podría dar cuenta de la homogeneidad y geometría del Universo, además que explicaría el origen de las estructuras que hoy medimos en el Universo. Por otra parte, es bien sabido que la teoría de Relatividad de Einstein necesita de modificaciones, tanto por su incompatibilidad con la Mecánica Cuántica como por la necesidad de postular fuentes "oscuras" de energ\ía para dar cuenta de la dinámica del Universo. Dentro de las posibilidades para modificar la Relatividad de Einstein existen las teorías bimétricas, que postulan la existencia de dos métricas para dar cuenta de las propiedades geométricas del Universo. Es sabido que estas teorías podrían explicar la dinámica atribuida a la materia y energía oscura, de donde deriva el interés de estudiarlas detalladamente. Nuestro trabajo consistió en estudiar las teorías bimétricas en el contexto de una época inflacionaria, y de dar cuenta de la compatibilidad entre ambos escenarios. Para eso buscamos soluciones inflacionarias a las ecuaciones de un Universo descrito por dos métricas, y donde encontramos que de las dos soluciones inflacionarias, solo una es estable bajo perturbaciones. Enseguida derivamos los parámetros inflacionarios, que corresponden a la dependencia en longitud de las perturbaciones escalares y tensoriales, y a la amplitud relativa entre ambos tipos de perturbacíon. Los efectos novedosos emergen por el hecho de que ambos tipos de perturbación viajan a velocidades distintas a la velocidad de la luz. Si para las perturbaciones escalares este es un efecto que emerge en una variedad importante de teorías, el caso de las perturbaciones tensoriales es mas novedoso. En efecto, la teoría permite la propagación de dos gravitones, que bajo rotación pueden escribirse como un gravitón masivo y un gravitón no masivo. A su vez, esto permite escibir una teoría efectiva para el gravitón no masivo. El resultado es que el gravitón no masivo viaja a una velocidad intermedia entre las velocidades de los dos gravitones originales. Finalizamos el trabajo comentando las perspectivas observacionales de las predicciones que encontramos, con énfasis en 'Clover', un experimento para medir la polarización del Fondo de Radiación Cósmico con el cual tuvimos la oportunidad de colaborar.

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32

Kongkiatngam, Prasert. "Short-term biomass production of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and its inheritance". Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61152.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the short-term (one-year) biomass production in red clover and to obtain an estimate of the heritability of this characteristic. Progenies from parents with high biomass had higher biomass than those from parents with low biomass or having one parent in each category. The narrow-sense heritability estimated from mid-parent offspring regression was 0.23, from parent-offspring correlation was 0.22, and realized heritability was 0.15, indicating that progeny testing would be required for successful selection of populations with greater biomass production. Plants selected for high biomass production tended to have higher shoot:root ratios and flower more profusely than the parental checks and the low biomass plants. This indicates that by selecting for high biomass, red clover will be selected for more annual growth habit at the same time.

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33

Thompson, L. "The influence of radiation quality on the behaviour of grassland species". Thesis, Bangor University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234470.

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34

Newton, P. C. D. "The establishment, growth and fate of white clover plants : With special reference to the physiology of stolon growth". Thesis, Bangor University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379353.

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35

Shakeel, Mohammad Arshad. "The pest status of some invertebrate species associated with white clover Trifolium repens L". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329393.

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36

Srinivasan, Indira. "Isolation and detection of bean yellow mosaic, clover yellow vein and peanut stunt viruses from Trifolium L. species". Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09122009-040402/.

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37

Phelps, Debbie. "Isoflavonoid induction and nitrogen assimilation in AM colonized red clover". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26744.

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This study postulates that the symbiosis between red clover, Trifolium pratense L., and the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus, Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith, enhances secondary phenolic metabolism and nitrogen assimilation. To test this hypothesis, the four objectives set forth were to determine the impact of AM colonization and/or rhizobial inoculation in red clover on the: (1) growth parameters; (2) nitrogen assimilation, via the activity of glutamine synthetase (GS, E.C. 6.3.1.2), total N content and soluble protein concentration; (3) contents of isoflavonoids (e.g. genistein, daidzein, biochanin A, and formononetin); and (4) contents of these four isoflavonoids over time and with a hormonal factor, jasmonic acid (JA). To accomplish these objectives, four greenhouse experiments were performed. The overall results indicate that the colonized red clover plants, with 22% to 37% of AM root colonization, had enhanced shoot height as well as increased shoot and root dry masses. Co-inoculation with Rhizobium enhanced the growth parameters more than inoculation with either microsymbiont alone. The concentrations of micronutrients significantly increased in red clover with AM colonization and/or rhizobial inoculation, while the macronutrients did not vary to any great degree. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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38

Lemieux, Claudel. "Influence of barley, red clover and weeds on timothy stands". Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75357.

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Two experiments were conducted between 1983 and 1985. In each case, timothy was established with or without barley, red clover, broadleaf weeds and grassy weeds. Four and six weeks after seeding, botanical composition, soil water-content, soil nutrient-content, light interception, and plant coverage data were obtained. The plots were then harvested once during establishment year and twice during subsequent years. At harvest, yield, botanical composition, and forage quality were obtained. Companion-cropping precluded forage cut during establishment and decreased forage yield during the first production year. Establishment with barley had little effect on forage quality but it favored the development of perennial broadleaf weeds. Inter-cropping with red clover decreased timothy yield but total forage production was increased and forage quality was improved. Red clover also reduced the development of perennial broadleaf weeds. The absence of broadleaf weed control increased productivity during establishment but timothy contribution was reduced and perennial broadleaf weeds development was accelerated. Perennial broadleaf weeds reduced yields during the first production year. Establishment without grassy weed control increased yield during establishment (but quality was lessened) and reduced it during the first production year. Establishment with grassy weeds had little effect on the weeds growing thereafter. In presence of both types of weeds, the grassy species were suppressed and the results reflected the situation observed in presence of broadleaf weeds. Finally, principal component analyses showed 12 factors that could be used to predict crop yield. The interpretation suggested that early measurements of weed density along with weed and crop coverage data would give good predictions of crop loss.

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39

Franzmayr, Benjamin. "Metabolic Engineering of Isoflavonoid Biosynthesis in Tobacco and White Clover". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5568.

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Isoflavonoids are a class of plant secondary metabolites which have multiple biological roles in plants as pest feeding deterrents, phytoalexins and signals to rhizobial microbes. Some isoflavonoids, or their breakdown products, are estrogenic when ingested by animals, and pastures with high levels of the isoflavonoid formononetin can cause sterility in ewes. White clover has low levels of isoflavonoids and is susceptible to pests like the clover root weevil. The overall aim of this project was to test whether isoflavonoids could be manipulated in white clover through metabolic engineering. The genes of the key isoflavonoid biosynthesis enzymes have been cloned from a range of legumes and three major genes, chalone reductase (CHR), isoflavone synthase (IFS) and isoflavonoid O-methyltransferase (IOMT), were cloned from white clover in this study. The white clover IFS2_12 gene was expressed in transgenic tobacco. Genistein, an isoflavonoid that is not naturally present in tobacco, was detected in the IFS-expressing tobacco, thus confirming the functionality of the IFS2_12 gene. Tobacco plants were transformed with ANT1, a transcription factor that induces the production of anthocyanins that share precursors with the isoflavonoid biosynthesis pathway. When IFS was expressed in red tobacco leaves, where anthocyanin biosynthesis was occurring, the levels of genistein were greater than in anthocyanin-free green leaves. White clover was transformed to overexpress the cloned IFS2_12 gene and some transformants had greater levels of IFS gene expression, up to 12.9 times the average wild type level. However, these transformants did not produce formononetin levels greater than the wild-type. A gene fusion of alfalfa chalcone isomerase (CHI), which produces the precursors naringenin and liquiritigenin, and soybean IFS, which converts the precursors to genistein and daidzein, respectively, was received from the Noble Foundation. Transgenic white clover plants expressing IFS/CHI were produced using a novel method that also regenerated wild-type clones of the transgenic plants. When compared with their wild-type clones, two IFS/CHI transformants produced higher levels of formononetin, thus supporting the suggestion that isoflavonoid levels can be increased in white clover through overexpression of isoflavonoid biosynthesis genes.

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40

Weng, Ziming. "Replication and recombination of the Red clover necrotic mosaic virus". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280079.

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In this study, Red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV) was used to better understand the functions of replication proteins and to identify the terminal promoter element involved in viral replication. RCNMV genome contains two positive-sense, single-stranded RNAs. RNA-1 encodes two proteins essential for viral replication: p27 and p88. p88 is a fusion protein containing p27 at its N terminus and RNA dependent RNA polymerase motifs at its C-terminal domain. The function of p27 is not known. In this work, studies of RNA-1 chimerical clones between a highly infectious clone and a poorly infectious clone and subsequent mutagenesis demonstrated that the N-terminal 14 amino acids of p27 and p88 were required for efficient RNA replication. Sequence analysis indicated that it is possibly involved in membrane interaction. Another important aspect of viral replication is template recognition by the replicase at the 3' promoter. The 3' -29 nucleotides of both RCNMV RNA-1 and RNA-2 can be predicted to form an identical stem-loop structure (SLS). Mutational analysis of the SLS indicated that both the structure and the loop sequence were required for viral replication. Within the 5-nt loop region, three discontinuous nucleotides were identified as critical nucleotides for RNA-replicase interaction. The functional groups in these key nucleotides involved in replicase recognition are predicted. The 3' promoter element of RCNMV not only affects viral RNA replication but also influences transgenic recombination. RCNMV RNA-2 encodes a movement protein (MP) that is required for viral cell-to-cell movement and systemic infection. Transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants expressing different versions of MP mRNA neither resisted RCNMV nor complemented RNA-1 infection. However, systemic infection was observed in transgenic lines expressing 5' truncated MP mRNA when only RNA-1 was inoculated. Further analysis showed that the infection was resulted from nonhomologous RNA recombination events between infecting RNA-1 and MP transgene mRNA. A replicase-mediated template switch model of the transgenic recombination was proposed. The presence of the 3' promoter element in the transgene mRNA thus was a major factor determining transgenic recombination frequencies. As predicted from the model, transgene mRNA lacking the 3' promoter element would not be a good donor RNA for transgenic recombination. Consequently, no transgenic recombination was detected in transgenic plants expressing the 3' truncated MP mRNA upon inoculation with RCNMV RNA-1.

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41

Nurjaya, I. Gusti Made Oka. "Studies on the competitive ability of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in mixtures with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) : the importance of non-structural carbohydrate reserves and plant traits /". Title page, contents and summary only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09APSP/09apspi11.pdf.

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42

Garand, Marie-Josée. "Management of nitrogen from underseeded clover and manures in spring wheat". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ50167.pdf.

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43

Stone, Carol E. "Rhizobium strain selection by white clover under conditions of acidity stress". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335442.

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44

Fowbert, John A. "Nodulation and nitrogen fixation by white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in the presence of mineral nitrogen". Thesis, University of Reading, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329349.

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45

Parmenter, Graeme. "The effect of soil water shortage on ryegrass and white clover growing in mixtures". Thesis, University of Reading, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278085.

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46

Kertulis, Gina Marie. "Effects of nitrogen and cutting management on root growth and productivity of a Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) pasture". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1882.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 101 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 78-87).

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47

Payne, Kathryn Marie. "ENHANCED EFFICIENCY NITROGEN FORMULATION EFFECT ON GRASS-LEGUME PASTURE PRODUCTIVITY". UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/pss_etds/113.

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The use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is generally restricted on mixed species forage systems due to its stimulatory effect on grasses which increases competition with legume species. Reduced legume growth from this competition can compromise forage nutritive value and prospective yields. The controlled-release nature of several enhanced efficiency fertilizer N products holds the potential to improve legume persistence in mixed species pastures while providing supplemental N required by the grass component. The studies contained in this dissertation evaluated the effect of different enhanced efficiency N formulations (ATU, ESN, methylene urea, SuperU, and a 75% ESN: 25% urea blend) and untreated urea on yield, nutritive value, and legume persistence in a ‘Wrangler’ bermudagrass and ‘Durana’ white clover mixture (2014-2016 growing seasons), ‘KY-31’tall fescue and ‘Kenland’ red clover mixture (2015-2016 growing seasons), and ‘KY-31’ stockpiled tall fescue (2015-2017). The three studies were conducted at the University of Kentucky Spindletop Research Farm in Lexington, KY in a randomized complete block design. In the bermudagrass-white clover study, all enhanced efficiency N sources maintained white clover populations similar to the unfertilized grass/clover control, but only ESN caused greater clover composition than standard urea. Total forage yields increased linearly with N rate in all years, but dry weather conditions in the second and third years resulted in lower total yield. Forage nutritive value followed general trends throughout each growing season, but ESN’s ability to maintain clover resulted in higher nutritive value. In the tall fescue-red clover, total forage yields curvilinearly increased with N rate in 2015 but did not vary in 2016. ESN and ESN+urea blend treatments retained clover composition similar to that of the unfertilized control. Stockpiled forage yield increased with higher N rates. Enhanced efficiency N fertilizers with the ability to control N release can enhance forage yield while maintaining clover in mixed species swards.

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48

McLean, Nancy L. "A genetic study of somatic embryogenesis in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.)". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq24779.pdf.

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49

Greyson, Philip R. "Corn (Zea mays L.) production in a grass/clover living mulch system". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ36453.pdf.

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50

Cook, Robyn. "Selection and evaluation of rhizobial strains beneficial to red clover and potato". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ49332.pdf.

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