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Artigos de revistas sobre o tema "Cloning"

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Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 18 de maio de 2024

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1

Ni’am, Syamsun. "Kloning di mata moral agama: Kajian kritis atas hokum islam". Ijtihad : Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam dan Kemanusiaan 10, n.º 1 (30 de junho de 2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v10i1.1-16.

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Cloning is a new phenomenon. As a new phenomenon, it always causes controversy. The controversy does not only occur amang moralists (either islam, jewish, Christianity, or other religion in the world). For scientists, the success of clonig is the achievement of scientific development. While for moralists and religionists and religionists, the success of cloning is a dangerous phenomenon for people in the future thus, moral principles, humanity, honesty, and course, religious law and social ethics must constantly bicom basic consideration in responding cloning phenomenon, in order not to neglect the god’s will.

2

Chambers, Jean E. "Response to “Entitlement to Cloning” by Timothy Murphy (CQ Vol 8, No 3) and “Cloning and Infertility” by Carson Strong (CQ Vol 7, No 3)". Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 10, n.º 2 (8 de março de 2001): 194–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180101002110.

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Carson Strong argues, in “Cloning and Infertility,” that if cloning of humans by somatic cell nuclear transfer were to become a safe procedure, then infertile couples should have access to it as a last resort. He lists six reasons such couples might desire genetically related children. Of these, two are relevant to justifying their access to cloning—namely, that they want to jointly participate in the creation of a person, and that having a genetically related child would constitute an affirmation of their mutual love. According to Strong, these reasons justify at least some infertile couples' freedom to clone themselves. He wants to prevent the widespread use of cloning technology by making it available to only infertile couples and only as a last resort. One way to enforce this restriction, he suggests, is to penalize physicians who carry out disallowed clonings. After all, fertile couples and many infertile couples can satisfy their need to have genetically related children in other ways.

3

WILSON, William. "Cloning and Cloning Technologies". Louvain Studies 24, n.º 1 (1 de maio de 1999): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ls.24.1.542134.

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4

Hall, Michael N. "Yeast cloning book cloning". Trends in Cell Biology 6, n.º 2 (fevereiro de 1996): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0962-8924(96)81023-3.

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5

Kelly, Robert. "Cloning: On human cloning". Nature Biotechnology 16, n.º 9 (setembro de 1998): 798. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0998-798.

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6

Hodges, John. "Editorial: Cloning sheep — Cloning people?" Livestock Production Science 49, n.º 1 (agosto de 1997): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-6226(97)90028-2.

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7

Gibbons, Keith. "Cloning". American Biology Teacher 61, n.º 5 (1 de maio de 1999): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4450705.

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8

Murdoch, Alison. "Cloning". Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 9, n.º 3 (julho de 2007): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1576/toag.9.3.177.27338.

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9

Nevin, Norman C., e Lesley Regan. "Cloning". Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 2, n.º 3 (julho de 2000): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1576/toag.2000.2.3.33.

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10

Wicaksana, I. Putu Adi Wardana, I. Wayan Suweca e Agustinus Sani Aryanto. "CLONING". MELODIOUS : JOURNAL OF MUSIC 1, n.º 1 (1 de outubro de 2022): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.59997/melodious.v1i1.1858.

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Musik merupakan suatu hasil karya seni berupa bunyi dalam bentuk lagu atau komposisi yang mengungkapkan pikiran dan perasaan penciptanya melalui unsur-unsur pokok musik yaitu irama, melodi, harmoni, dan bentuk atau struktur lagu serta ekspresi sebagai suatu kesatuan. Musik itu sendiri tercipta karena adanya proses kreativitas dari penciptanya, yang meliputi aspek pengalaman, sumber refrensi ataupun jurnal ilmiah. Dalam proses menciptakan suatu komposisi musik, tentunya harus ada pemilihan ide dan konsep yang jelas. Kata cloning menginspirasi ide, konsep dan judul ke dalam karya ini. Kloning sendiri berasal dari kata bahasa Inggris cloning yang berarti suatu usaha untuk menciptakan duplikat suatu organisme melalui proses aseksual. Setelah membaca buku “Kloning: Kemungkinan Teknis dan Implikasi Permasalahan Sosial-Etisnya,”menginspirasi terbentuknya karya Cloning yang mengangkat bentuk musik minimalis dengan perpaduan teknik drone, ostinato, rhythmic displacement, dan layering. Proses kreativitas dalam pembuatan karya ini memiliki beberapa kendala baik dari pemilihan instrument maupun pemilihan melodi, chord, dan ritmis. Hal tersebut merupakan sebuah proses yang dilewat sehingga bisa menghasilkan karya dengan baik sebagai hasil akhirnya.

11

Teh, Nicholas J. "On classical cloning and no-cloning". Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 43, n.º 1 (fevereiro de 2012): 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsb.2011.11.005.

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12

Green, Michael R., e Joseph Sambrook. "Cloning in Plasmid Vectors: Directional Cloning". Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2020, n.º 11 (novembro de 2020): pdb.prot101238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot101238.

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13

Lebedeva, Olena, Alla Kobozeva e Viktoriya Zorilo. "Accuracy improvement of cloning area detection". Odes’kyi Politechnichnyi Universytet. Pratsi, n.º 3 (23 de dezembro de 2016): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/opu.3.50.2016.09.

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14

YU, YANG, e LIU YE. "PROPOSAL FOR A GENERAL QUANTUM CLONING MACHINE VIA DISTANT QUBITS IN A QUANTUM NETWORK". International Journal of Modern Physics B 27, n.º 23 (21 de agosto de 2013): 1350154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979213501543.

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We propose a scheme for implementing a general quantum cloning machine with distant qubits. By regulating some times and phases, we can easily realize almost all kinds of quantum cloning machines (optimal phase-covariant cloning, optimal universal quantum cloning, optimal economical phase-covariant cloning and optimal real state cloning). The quantum cloning machine may have important applications in quantum cryptography for quantum network.

15

Green, Michael R., e Joseph Sambrook. "Cloning Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Products: TOPO TA Cloning". Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2021, n.º 9 (setembro de 2021): pdb.prot101311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot101311.

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This protocol describes the use of TOPO-activated TA vectors for cloning. Manufacturers of cloning kits provide excellent manuals that explain in detail what to do and why to do it. This makes TOPO cloning easy, but not foolproof. When setting up TOPO cloning for the first time, set up a trial experiment as described here.

16

STRONG, CARSON. "Cloning and Infertility". Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 7, n.º 3 (julho de 1998): 279–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180198703093.

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Although there are important moral arguments against cloning human beings, it has been suggested that there might be exceptional cases in which cloning humans would be ethically permissible. One type of supposed exceptional case involves infertile couples who want to have children by cloning. This paper explores whether cloning would be ethically permissible in infertility cases and the separate question of whether we should have a policy allowing cloning in such cases. One caveat should be stated at the beginning, however. After the cloning of a sheep in Scotland, scientists pointed out that using the same technique to clone humans would, at present, involve substantial risks of producing children with birth defects. This concern over safety gives compelling support to the view that it would be wrong to attempt human cloning now. Thus, we do not reach the debate about exceptional cases unless the issue of safety can be set aside. I ask the reader to consider the possibility that in the future humans could be cloned without a significantly elevated risk of birth defects from the cloning process itself. The remainder of this paper assumes, for sake of argument, that cloning technology has advanced to that point. Given this assumption, would cloning in the infertility cases be ethically permissible, and should it be legally permitted?

17

KIM, Sang-deug. "Ethical Issues Involved in the Development of Medicine: Human Cloning". Korean Journal of Medical Ethics 2, n.º 1 (novembro de 1999): 189–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.35301/ksme.1999.2.1.189.

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In this article, I inquire into ethical problems in cloning through somatic cell transfer. Cloning is divided into two ; animal cloning and human cloning. Animal cloning, combined with genetics, is useful in producing transgenic food or remedying human diseases. It can exert a negative influence upon ecological system. For it can destroy genetic diversity in nature and bring a new species into nature. However, this is a practical objection. Ethical objections to animal cloning are grounded on animal rights and the order of nature. That is, animal cloning violates animal rights to life and is contrary to the order of nature. But these theoretical objections uncritically presuppose that animals have rights to life and there clearly exist the order in nature. These premises are not regarded as true. Human cloning includes much more ethical problems. It can be divided into human cloning for therapy and one for reproduction. As for the latter, proponents of cloning claim the freedom of reproduction. Anyone does not have the right to infringe on other individual’s right such as freedom of reproduction. Many people worry about individual cloning for reproduction. For it is asexual reproduction ; a cloned human is the single-parent child. Asexual reproduction is contrary to the meaning of sexuality in bringing forth a new life. Everyone has the right to be the product of the mixture of the genes of two individuals. Human cloning infringes on this right. First, cloning threatens self-identity of cloned humans. Second, human cloning represents a giant step toward turning procreation into manufacture. It means that a cloner can dominate over a cloned human. This domination is profoundly dehumanizing. Third, human cloning can break the traditional relationship between parents and children. Therapeutic human cloning has no ethical problems as stated above. But cloned embryos are used for research or as a means to another human beings. This raises the problem of the moral standing of pre-embryos. Proponents of embryo cloning claim that embryos have no moral standing because they have yet no individuality. In realty, scientists can already use embryos in in-vitro fertilization. But objection to embryo cloning is grounded upon a slippery slope argument ; if cloning embryo is permissible, it is practically impossible to prevent someone from cloning human being. Though pre-embryos have no moral standing, they only have potentiality to become a human being. So we must have a duty to take a special care of pre-embryos. I conclude that cloning animals is ethically permissible, with proviso that it has no practical problems such as destroying the ecological system. However, cloning individual human being is ethically impermissible because it ignores the meanings of sexuality in bringing forth a new life. As for embryo cloning for therapy, it should be banned until special laws concerning human cloning are enacted.

18

Karin, Norman J. "Cloning of Transfected Cells without Cloning Rings". BioTechniques 27, n.º 4 (outubro de 1999): 681–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2144/99274bm10.

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19

Hartley, James L. "The cloning revolution: DNA cloning and biochemistry". Biochemist 29, n.º 5 (1 de outubro de 2007): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio02905012.

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According to the online reference source Wikipedia (www.wikipedia.org), biochemistry is “the study of the chemical processes and transformations in living organisms. It deals with the structure and function of cellular components, such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and other biomolecules.” It seems appropriate to start with a definition from the World Wide Web, which has changed information retrieval as much as DNA cloning has changed biochemistry. Here I attempt to provide some perspectives on that transformation.

20

Pattinson, S. D. "Reproductive Cloning: Can Cloning Harm the Clone?" Medical Law Review 10, n.º 3 (1 de setembro de 2002): 295–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/medlaw/10.3.295.

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21

Green, Michael R., e Joseph Sambrook. "Cloning in Plasmid Vectors: Blunt-End Cloning". Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2020, n.º 11 (novembro de 2020): pdb.prot101246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot101246.

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22

Aldea, Martí, e Sidney R. Kushner. "CLONING: a microcomputer program for cloning simulations". Gene 65, n.º 1 (maio de 1988): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1119(88)90422-2.

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23

Sulaiman, Wan Nurainun Najwa, e Muh Endriyo Susila. "Legal Scope of Human Cloning: Comparative Analysis Between the United Kingdom and France". Yuridika 38, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2023): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ydk.v38i1.38773.

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"Reproductive" cloning and "therapeutic" or "research" cloning are both deliberate attempts to create humans that are genetically identical. Human reproductive cloning in general is prohibited by a number of international and regional agreements, including the Charter of Fukushima, the Additional Protocol of the Council of Europe to the Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine, the World Health Organization resolutions on the implications of cloning for human health, and the Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights. However, there are some countries that want to explore therapeutic cloning and cannot, therefore, support a general ban on cloning. This paper aims to review the legal position of human cloning in the UK and France and further compares the issue between the two countries. the legal position of human cloning in the UK and France, it is clear that both countries were initially against the idea and concept of human cloning in general. Human cloning is a much-needed technology, especially in these modern times. Every day we encounter new diseases and illnesses, so human cloning is essential to help us be better prepared for the future.

24

Stabile, Bonnie. "Demographic profile of states with human cloning laws: Morality policy, meets political economy". Politics and the Life Sciences 26, n.º 1 (março de 2007): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2990/26_1_43.

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This analysis seeks to identify factors that may shape the policy stance — whether restrictive or permissive — that each state in the United States with a human cloning law in place takes toward human therapeutic cloning. The investigation also considers if cloning policy is more the product of morality politics or political economy. Results show that among states with human cloning policies in place, those with a greater biotechnological capacity, more permissive abortion laws, fewer Evangelical Protestants, and higher political liberalism rankings are more likely to have permissive cloning laws. A higher Roman Catholic population is strongly associated with permissive cloning laws, rather than restrictive cloning laws as originally supposed. Factors with morality policy and economic bases were both found to be associated with cloning policy outcomes. Results suggest that morality policies, though distinct in some ways, do share determinants with public policies based on political economy.

25

Elkind, Edith, Piotr Faliszewski e Arkadii Slinko. "Cloning in Elections". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 24, n.º 1 (4 de julho de 2010): 768–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v24i1.7606.

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We consider the problem of manipulating elections via cloning candidates. In our model, a manipulator can replace each candidate c by one or more clones, i.e., new candidates that are so similar to c that each voter simply replaces c in his vote with the block of c's clones. The outcome of the resulting election may then depend on how each voter orders the clones within the block. We formalize what it means for a cloning manipulation to be successful (which turns out to be a surprisingly delicate issue), and, for a number of prominent voting rules, characterize the preference profiles for which a successful cloning manipulation exists. We also consider the model where there is a cost associated with producing each clone, and study the complexity of finding a minimum-cost cloning manipulation. Finally, we compare cloning with the related problem of control via adding candidates.

26

Susanto, Ryan. "Customer and Developers Point of Views to Game Cloning". SISFORMA 1, n.º 2 (19 de novembro de 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24167/sisforma.v1i2.396.

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Game Cloning is an action of cloning games. This non-ethical action reaps many controversial matters from game customer and developer in game industry. As a result, this action is considered a wrongdoing. However, but not all cases of game cloning are wrong. Many recent games have been rooted from game cloning. In case of game cloning, game developers do not commit something illegal or immoral since they revamp and complement the games they imitate

27

Li, Na, e Liu Ye. "Realizing various approximate quantum cloning with XY-type exchange interactions of flux qubits". International Journal of Modern Physics B 28, n.º 14 (25 de abril de 2014): 1450081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979214500817.

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In this paper, we realize all kinds of 1 → 2 approximate quantum cloning, including optimal 1 → 2 symmetric (or asymmetric) universal quantum cloning (UQC) and phase-covariant cloning (PCC), symmetric economical phase-covariant cloning (EPCC) and real state quantum cloning, with the XY-type exchange interactions of the flux qubits which are coupled by dc superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs). It is shown that our schemes can be realized with the current experimental technology.

28

Li, Ji Gang, Guo Ying Han, Xiu Min Li, Jiao Jiao Sun, Ke Jing Song e Ting Zhang. "Improvement of TA Cloning Method to Facilitate Direct Directional Cloning of PCR Products". Applied Mechanics and Materials 565 (junho de 2014): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.565.3.

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Directional cloning is a prerequisite for the construction of expression vectors in molecular biology laboratories. Although TA cloning is widely used to clone unmodified PCR (polymerase chain reaction) products, a major disadvantage of this technique is that cloning is not directional. Here we reported a novel PCR products cloning vector with one deoxythymidine overhang and one deoxycytidine overhang at two 3'-ends respectively. With the choice of nucleotides of 5'-ends of PCR primers, PCR products can be cloned to this vector both directly and directionally. The feasibility and efficacy of this cloning method were confirmed by using a pET-17b derivative vector and a green fluorescent protein gene (EGFP) and a red fluorescent protein reporter (Ds-Red) gene. This cloning strategy may be useful in the high-throughput construction of expression vectors and could be viewed as an interesting improvement of existing TA cloning method.

29

Hain, Patricia, e Donald Lee. "Gene Cloning". Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education 32, n.º 1 (2003): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jnrlse.2003.0134b.

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30

Moraczewski, Albert S. "Cloning Testimony". Ethics & Medics 22, n.º 5 (1997): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/em199722510.

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31

Brownlee, Christen. "Cloning Milestone". Science News 166, n.º 24 (11 de dezembro de 2004): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4015655.

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32

Moon, shin Yong. "Human Cloning". Journal of the Korean Medical Association 42, n.º 4 (1999): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.5124/jkma.1999.42.4.369.

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33

Vahid, Frank. "Procedure cloning". ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems 4, n.º 1 (janeiro de 1999): 70–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/298865.298871.

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34

Matzke, M. A., e A. J. M. Matzke. "Cloning nonuniformity". Nature Biotechnology 17, n.º 8 (agosto de 1999): 733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/11618.

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35

Charo, R. Alta. "Cloning debates". Nature Genetics 32, n.º 4 (dezembro de 2002): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng1202-567.

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36

Shaw, Nancy. "Cloning Scapegoats". Social Text 21, n.º 4 (2003): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01642472-21-4_77-51.

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37

Nader, C. "Human Cloning". Science 282, n.º 5395 (4 de dezembro de 1998): 1823d—1823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.282.5395.1823d.

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38

Foote, R. H. "Livestock Cloning". Science 283, n.º 5401 (22 de janeiro de 1999): 487d—487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.283.5401.487d.

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39

Hunter, P. "Cloning cures". Engineering & Technology 3, n.º 11 (21 de junho de 2008): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/et:20081117.

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40

Buzek, Vladimir, e Mark Hillery. "Quantum cloning". Physics World 14, n.º 11 (novembro de 2001): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/14/11/28.

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41

Scarani, Valerio, Sofyan Iblisdir, Nicolas Gisin e Antonio Acín. "Quantum cloning". Reviews of Modern Physics 77, n.º 4 (8 de novembro de 2005): 1225–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.77.1225.

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42

Nestle, Nikolaus. "Cloning humans". Nature 387, n.º 6629 (maio de 1997): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/387119d0.

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43

Baker, Mark R. "Cloning humans". Nature 387, n.º 6629 (maio de 1997): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/387119e0.

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44

Hodgson, John. "Cloning opera". Nature Biotechnology 18, n.º 8 (agosto de 2000): 810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/78344.

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45

Apte, Arun. "Web cloning". Nature Biotechnology 17, n.º 5 (maio de 1999): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/8690.

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46

Ren, Zhifeng. "Cloning carbon". Nature Nanotechnology 2, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2007): 17–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2006.192.

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47

Wells, William A. "Cloning confusion". Journal of Cell Biology 156, n.º 3 (28 de janeiro de 2002): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb1563rr1.

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48

Pulverer, Bernd. "Cloning senescence". Nature Reviews Genetics 4, n.º 7 (julho de 2003): 490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrg1129.

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49

Obermann, Konrad. "Human cloning". Lancet 353, n.º 9158 (março de 1999): 1103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)76465-5.

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50

Shiwach, Raj S. "Human cloning". Lancet 353, n.º 9158 (março de 1999): 1103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)76466-7.

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