Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Climate – government policy"
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Levitt, Gordon. "Changing Climate, Changing Commitments: Municipal Greenhouse Gas Reduction Strategies in Oregon". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20488.
Texto completo da fontede, Groot Babet. "The Influence of Key Political Actors on Labor Government Climate Change Policy". Thesis, Department of Government and International Relations, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21661.
Texto completo da fonteRahayu, Rahayu. "Policy Development for Effective Transitions to Climate Change: Adaptation at the Indonesian Local Government Level". Thesis, Griffith University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365440.
Texto completo da fonteThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
Anderton, Karen L. "Sub-national government responses to reducing the climate impact of cars". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:806e646b-ff12-4e78-b412-55422e6f8da3.
Texto completo da fonteKim, Kyungwoo. "Effects of Disasters on Local Climate Actions: Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Actions". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1062866/.
Texto completo da fonteDenton, Ashlie Denée. "Building Climate Empire: Power, Authority, and Knowledge within Pacific Islands Climate Change Diplomacy and Governance Networks". PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4401.
Texto completo da fonteChoi, Chuen-yin, e 蔡雋妍. "Combating climate change: the control of greenhouse gas emissions in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50254856.
Texto completo da fonteRose, David Christian. "Nature in a changing climate : knowledge and policy for conservation, England 1990-2011". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709441.
Texto completo da fonteCollins, Lisette Bernadette. "Confronting the Inconvenient Truth: The Politics and Policies of Australian Climate Change Adaptation Planning". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/15553.
Texto completo da fonteEngland, Matthew. "Times of change? : insights into the Government of India's water policy and management response to climate change". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2012. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/48157/.
Texto completo da fonteMustelin, Johanna Orvokki. "Ideal Ideas or Pragmatic Reality? An Exploration of the Role of Adaptation 'Theory' in Policy and Practice". Thesis, Griffith University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366005.
Texto completo da fonteThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
Guay, Bruno. "Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation : the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and policy-making in Panama". Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112396.
Texto completo da fonteHurley, Alexander Davis. "An Exploration of a Nationwide Social Network of U.S. Local Governments and ClimateChange Policy Partners". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou152482284172598.
Texto completo da fonteRajan, Mukund Govind. "India and the north-south politics of global environmental issues : the case of ozone depletion, climate change and loss of biodiversity". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:065449d2-6c0f-4aec-8ba9-a84cab137be9.
Texto completo da fonteMaréchal, Kevin. "The economics of climate change and the change of climate in economics: the implications for climate policy of adopting an evolutionary perspective". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210278.
Texto completo da fonteClimate change is today often seen as one of the most challenging issue that our civilisation will have to face during the 21st century. This is especially so now that the most recent scientific data have led to the conclusion that the globally averaged net effect of human activities since 1750 has been one of warming (IPCC 2007, p. 5) and that continued greenhouse gas emissions at or above current rates would cause further warming (IPCC, 2007 p. 13). This unequivocal link between climate change and anthropogenic activities requires an urgent, world-wide shift towards a low carbon economy (STERN 2006 p. iv) and coordinated policies and measures to manage this transition.
The climate issue is undoubtedly a typical policy question and as such, is considered amenable to economic scrutiny. Indeed, in today’s world economics is inevitable when it comes to arbitrages in the field of policy making. From the very beginning of international talks on climate change, up until the most recent discussions on a post-Kyoto international framework, economic arguments have turned out to be crucial elements of the analysis that shapes policy responses to the climate threat. This can be illustrated by the prominent role that economics has played in the different analyses produced by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to assess the impact of climate change on society.
The starting point and the core idea of this PhD research is the long-held observation that the threat of climate change calls for a change of climate in economics. Borrowing from the jargon used in climate policy, adaptation measures could also usefully target the academic discipline of economics. Given that inherent characteristics of the climate problem (e.g. complexity, irreversibility, deep uncertainty, etc.) challenge core economic assumptions, mainstream economic theory does not appear as appropriately equipped to deal with this crucial issue. This makes that new assumptions and analyses are needed in economics in order to comprehend and respond to the problem of climate change.
In parallel (and without environmental considerations being specifically the driving force to it), the mainstream model in economics has also long been (and still is) strongly criticised and disputed by numerous scholars - both from within and outside the field of economics. For the sake of functionality, these criticisms - whether they relate to theoretical inconsistencies or are empirically-based - can be subsumed as all challenging part of the Cartesian/Newtonian legacy of economics. This legacy can be shown to have led to a model imprinted with what could be called “mechanistic reductionism”. The mechanistic side refers to the Homo oeconomicus construct while reductionism refers to the quest for micro-foundations materialised with the representative agent hypothesis. These two hypotheses constitute, together with the conjecture of perfect markets, the building blocks of the framework of general equilibrium economics.
Even though it is functional for the purpose of this work to present them separately, the flaws of economics in dealing with the specificities of the climate issue are not considered independent from the fundamental objections made to the theoretical framework of mainstream economics. The former only make the latter seem more pregnant while the current failure of traditional climate policies informed by mainstream economics render the need for complementary approaches more urgent.
2. Overview of the approach and its main insights for climate policy
Starting from this observation, the main objective of this PhD is thus to assess the implications for climate policy that arise from adopting an alternative analytical economic framework. The stance is that the coupling of insights from the framework of evolutionary economics with the perspective of ecological economics provides a promising way forward both theoretically as well as on a more applied basis with respect to a better comprehension of the socioeconomic aspects related to the climate problem. As claimed in van den Bergh (2007, p. 521), ecological economics and evolutionary economics “share many characteristics and can be combined in a fruitful way" - which renders the coupling approach both legitimate and promising.
The choice of an evolutionary line of thought initially stems from its core characteristic: given its focus on innovation and system change it provides a useful approach to start with for assessing and managing the needed transition towards a low carbon economy. Besides, its shift of focus towards a better understanding of economic dynamics together with its departure from the perfect rationality hypothesis renders evolutionary economics a suitable theoretical complement for designing environmental policies.
The notions of path-dependence and lock-in can be seen as the core elements from this PhD research. They arise from adopting a framework which is founded on a different view of individual rationality and that allows for richer and more complex causalities to be accounted for. In a quest for surmounting the above-mentioned problem of reductionism, our framework builds on the idea of ‘multi-level selection’. This means that our analytical framework should be able to accommodate not only for upward but also for downward causation, without giving analytical priority to any level over the other. One crucial implication of such a framework is that the notion of circularity becomes the core dynamic, highlighting the importance of historicity, feedbacks and emergent properties.
More precisely, the added value of the perspective adopted in this PhD research is that it highlights the role played by inertia and path-dependence. Obviously, it is essential to have a good understanding of the underlying causes of that inertia prior to devising on how to enforce a change. Providing a clear picture of the socio-economic processes at play in shaping socio-technical systems is thus a necessary first step in order to usefully complement policy-making in the field of energy and climate change. In providing an analytical basis for this important diagnosis to be performed, the use of the evolutionary framework sheds a new light on the transition towards low-carbon socio-technical systems. The objective is to suggest strategies that could prove efficient in triggering the needed transition such as it has been the case in past “lock-in” stories.
Most notably, the evolutionary framework allows us to depict the presence of two sources of inertia (i.e at the levels of individuals through “habits” and at the level of socio-technical systems) that mutually reinforce each other in a path-dependent manner. Within the broad perspective on path dependence and lock-in, this PhD research has first sketched the implications for climate policy of applying the concept of ‘technological lock-in’ in a systemic perspective. We then investigated in more details the notion of habits. This is important as the ‘behavioural’ part of the lock-in process, although explicitly acknowledged in the pioneer work of Paul David (David, 1985, p. 336), has been neglected in most of subsequent analyses. Throughout this study, the notion of habits has been studied at both the theoretical and applied level of analysis as well as from an empirical perspective.
As shown in the first chapters of the PhD, the advantage of our approach is that it can incorporate theories that so far have been presented opposite, partial and incomplete perspectives. For instance, it is shown that our evolutionary approach not only is able to provide explanation to some of the puzzling questions in economics (e.g. the problem of strong reciprocity displayed by individual in anonymous one-shot situations) but also is very helpful in bringing a complementary explanation with respect to the famous debate on the ‘no-regret’ emission reduction potential which agitates the experts of climate policy.
An emission reduction potential is said to be "no regret" when the costs of implementing a measure are more than offset by the benefits it generates such as, for instance, reduced energy bills. In explaining why individuals do not spontaneously implement those highly profitable energy-efficient investments ,it appears that most prior analyses have neglected the importance of non-economic obstacle. They are often referred to as “barriers” and partly relate to the ‘bounded rationality’ of economic agent. As developed in the different chapters of this PhD research, the framework of evolutionary economics is very useful in that it is able to provide a two-fold account (i.e. relying on both individual and socio-technical sources of inertia) of this limited rationality that prevent individuals to act as purely optimising agents.
Bearing this context in mind, the concept of habits, as defined and developed in this study, is essential in analysing the determinants of energy consumption. Indeed, this concept sheds an insightful light on the puzzling question of why energy consumption keeps rising even though there is an evident increase of awareness and concern about energy-related environmental issues such as climate change. Indeed, if we subscribe to the idea that energy-consuming behaviours are often guided by habits and that deeply ingrained habits can become “counter-intentional”, it then follows that people may often display “locked-in” practices in their daily energy consumption behaviour. This hypothesis has been assessed in our empirical analysis whose results show how the presence of strong energy-consuming habitual practices can reduce the effectiveness of economic incentives such as energy subsidies. One additional delicate factor that appears crucial for our purpose is that habits are not fully conscious forms of behaviours. This makes that individuals do not really see habits as a problem given that it is viewed as easily changed.
In sum, based on our evolutionary account of the situation, it follows that, to be more efficient, climate policies would have to both shift the incumbent carbon-based socio-technical systems (for it to shape decisions towards a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions) and also deconstruct habits that this same socio-technical has forged with time (as increased environmental awareness and intentions formulated accordingly are not sufficient in the presence of strong habits).
Accordingly, decision-makers should design measures (e.g. commitment strategies, niche management, etc.) that, as explained in this research, specifically target those change-resisting factors and their key features. This is essential as these factors tend to reduce the efficiency of traditional instruments. Micro-level interventions are thus needed as much as macro-level ones. For instance, it is often the case that external improvements of energy efficiency do not lead to lower energy consumption due to the rebound effect arising from unchanged energy-consuming habits. Bearing this in mind and building on the insights from the evolutionary approach, policy-makers should go beyond the mere subsidisation of technologies. They should instead create conditions enabling the use of the multi-layered, cumulative and self-reinforcing character of economic change highlighted by evolutionary analyses. This means supporting both social and physical technologies with the aim of influencing the selection environment so that only the low-carbon technologies and practices will survive.
Mentioned references:
David, P. A. (1985), Clio and the economics of QWERTY, American Economic Review 75/2: 332–337.
IPCC, 2007, ‘Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis’, Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S. D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H.L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 996 pp.
Stern, N. 2006, ‘Stern Review: The economics of Climate Change’, Report to the UK Prime Minister and Chancellor, London, 575 p. (www.sternreview.org.uk)
van den Bergh, J.C.J.M. 2007, ‘Evolutionary thinking in environmental economics’, Journal of Evolutionary Economics 17(5): 521-549.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Malumfashi, Garba Ibrahim. "'Green' public procurement policies, climate change mitigation and international trade regulation : an assessment of the WTO Agreement on Government Procurement". Thesis, University of Dundee, 2010. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/24c7aef7-074c-48db-877a-f9d22b51d7f5.
Texto completo da fonteNelson, Hal T. "Presidential Domain: An Exploratory Study of Prospect Theory and US Climate Policy Since 1998". PDXScholar, 2002. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2879.
Texto completo da fonteVan, Huyssteen Roelof Cornelis. "Regulatory aspects of carbon credits and carbon markets". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5086.
Texto completo da fonteSpires, Meggan Hazel. "Barriers to and enablers of climate change adaptation in four South African municipalities, and implications for community based adaptation". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018913.
Texto completo da fonteZong, Jian Ping. "Climate change in Sino-U.S. relations : a catalyst of cooperation or conflict?" Thesis, University of Macau, 2011. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2554512.
Texto completo da fonteOu, Po-Hsiang. "Climate change v Eurozone crisis : social and economic views of risk in inter-expert risk communication". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f3619fc5-fd2a-483b-92b5-94aa90ce13d1.
Texto completo da fonteLópez, Romero Ana-María. "Alignment of mitigation pledges with government expenditure in Latin America : A case study of Chile, Colombia and Peru in the COVID-19 context". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Miljöförändring, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-178318.
Texto completo da fonteGrey, Mashoko Stephen. "The missing ingredient: rethinking the drought disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation nexus in Chirumhanzu District, Zimbabwe". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/58298.
Texto completo da fonteLeong, Chi Ian. "National power, international interdependence and state socialization : explaining China's diplomatic behaviour in climate change politics". Thesis, University of Macau, 2011. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2554612.
Texto completo da fonteBak, HyeonUk. "Feedback and Innovative Work Behavior among Local Government Employees in Korea: The Roles of Trust in Supervisor, Affective Commitment, and Risk-Taking Climate". VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5832.
Texto completo da fonteLi, Wen Jing. "Water governance in a changing climate : adaptation strategy of EU water law". Thesis, University of Macau, 2011. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2586411.
Texto completo da fonteJoshi, Shangrila 1981. "Justice, Development and India’s Climate Politics: A Postcolonial Political Ecology of the Atmospheric Commons". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12030.
Texto completo da fonteGlobal climate negotiations have been at a standstill for over a decade now over the issue of distributing the responsibility of mitigating climate change among countries. During the past few years, countries such as India and China - the so-called emerging economies that were under no obligation to mitigate under the Kyoto Protocol - have increasingly come under pressure to accept limits comparable to those for industrialized countries. These countries, in turn, have strongly resisted these pressures. My dissertation examines India's participation in these ongoing climate negotiations. Based on qualitative interviews with relevant Indian officials, textual analysis and participant observation, I tell the story of why and how this so-called emerging economy has been resisting a cap on its emissions despite being one of the most vulnerable countries to the consequences of climate change. I draw upon the literatures of environmental justice, international relations, postcolonialism and political ecology to develop my dissertation and adopt a self-reflexive approach in my analysis. The need for global cooperation to address global environmental issues has arguably provided greater bargaining power to countries formerly marginalized in the global political economy. Following the dynamics of North-South environmental politics, India's climate politics consists of utilizing this power to increase its access to global resources as well as to hold hegemonic industrialized countries accountable for their historical and continuing exploitation of the environmental commons. A key aspect of India's climate politics consists of self-identification as a developing country. Developed countries with higher cumulative and per capita emissions are seen to have the primary responsibility to mitigate climate change and to provide financial and technological support to developing countries to mitigate and adapt to climate change. Developing countries are seen to have a right to pursue development defined as economic growth. The climate crisis is thus seen by my respondents as an opportunity to address the unequal status quo between developed and developing countries. I suggest that this crisis also creates opportunities to redefine development beyond a narrow focus on economic growth. This may be enabled if the demand for justice in an international context is extended to the domestic sphere.
Committee in charge: Shaul Cohen, Chairperson; Alec Murphy, Member; Ted Toadvine, Member; Peter Walker, Member; Anita Weiss, Outside Member
GRANCERI, MASSIMILIANO. "Understanding climate change adaptation mainstreaming and planning challenges. Insights from Barcelona and Turin municipalities". Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2839863.
Texto completo da fonteLyshall, Linda. "Collaboration and Climate Action at the Local Scale". Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1303754240.
Texto completo da fonteJahns, Claire M. "The effects of regulatory threats and strategic bargaining on firms' voluntary participation in pollution reduction programs". Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1354889137.
Texto completo da fonteMoreira, Fabiano de Araújo 1987. "Brasil e México no regime ambiental internacional sobre mudanças climáticas : avanços e desafios em suas políticas nacionais, e o discurso do desenvolvimento sustentável". [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287264.
Texto completo da fonteDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T01:52:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Moreira_FabianodeAraujo_M.pdf: 1759944 bytes, checksum: b86e2bd41f889de5109a1b40cd09beb3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: A presente dissertação tem por objetivo realizar o estudo comparativo entre as políticas nacionais de mudanças climáticas de dois países, Brasil e México, para identificar seus avanços e desafios, e dessa forma analisar a evolução do regime ambiental internacional sobre mudanças do clima tomando a América Latina como referência, assim como o discurso do desenvolvimento sustentável, para saber se essas negociações estão ocasionando conquistas sociais e ambientais, de fato, na temática, utilizando preceitos tanto das Relações Internacionais quanto da Geografia. Esse trabalho tem como premissa o discurso do desenvolvimento sustentável, que, acreditamos, cada vez mais permeia a ação não apenas do mercado, mas também dos Estados-nação, com suas legislações ambientais constrangidas pela lógica do livre comércio, seguindo as diretrizes demarcadas pelo regime ambiental das mudanças do clima. Para atingir os objetivos da pesquisa, desenvolvemos um estudo comparativo que se mostra revelador, na medida em que propicia uma reflexão rica, elucidando os aspectos positivos e negativos, os avanços e desafios dos dois Estados-nação, que contribuem na compreensão de até que ponto as negociações internacionais estão afetando diretamente a evolução das políticas ambientais nacionais e suas implicações no território e como podemos observar o discurso do desenvolvimento sustentável agindo nas políticas que incidem diretamente sobre esses territórios. A dissertação foi organizada com metodologia exploratória, com pesquisa bibliográfica em livros, artigos acadêmicos, jornais e páginas eletrônicas, resultando em uma análise crítica da atuação do Brasil e do México, observando os discursos feitos pelos governantes que promoveram as políticas nacionais de mudanças climáticas nesses países, para se compreender os motivos que podem estar por trás de tais ações, entrelaçando as informações obtidas ao final, na conclusão, chegando-se ao resultado esperado
Abstract: This thesis aims to perform a comparative study of national policies on climate change of two countries, Brazil and Mexico, in order to identify their advances and challenges, and thus analyze the evolution of international environmental regime of climate change taking Latin America as a reference as well as the discourse of sustainable development, to see if these negotiations are causing social and environmental achievements, in fact, in the subject, using both precepts of International Relations and Geography. This work is premised on the discourse of sustainable development, which, we believe, increasingly permeates not only market share, but also nation-States with their environmental laws constrained by the logic of free trade, following the guidelines marked by the environmental regime on climate changes. To achieve the research objectives, we have developed a comparative study that has been revealing, because it provides a rich reflection to explain positive and negative aspects, advances and challenges of the two nation-States, which contribute to the understanding of the extent to which international negotiations are directly affecting the development of national environmental policies and their implications in the territory and how we could observe the discourse of sustainable development acting on policies that focus on acting directly on these territories. The dissertation was organized with exploratory methodology, bibliographical research in books, scholarly articles, papers and web pages, resulting in a critical analysis of the performance of Brazil and Mexico, observing the speeches made by rulers who promoted national policies on climate change in these countries, to understand the reasons that may be behind such actions, intertwining the information obtained at the end, in the conclusion, coming up to the expected result
Mestrado
Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial
Mestre em Geografia
Cortese, Tatiana Tucunduva Philippi. "Mudanças climáticas na cidade de São Paulo: avaliação da política pública municipal". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6134/tde-31072013-105505/.
Texto completo da fonteINTRODUCTION At the Conference of the Parties to the UN Convention on Climate Change (COP 15) held in Copenhagen in December 2009, the highlight was the speech by Ban Ki-moon - UN Secretary-General, who said that global warming is the biggest challenge of all time. The climate on the planet has changed forever, but never before at a speed so fast. And this greenhouse effect in the atmosphere of the planet is the result of demographic and economic growth promoted accelerated since the industrial revolution, which is changing the natural cycle of climate variability and global climate change causing irreversible in the short and medium term. From the disclosure of this data, and the impact of the book and movie \"An Inconvenient Truth\" from Al Gore, the climate change issue has gained prominence on the international agenda. In the world, in Brazil, in São Paulo and in the city we will be required to combat the greenhouse effect. The city of São Paulo is a pioneer in the creation of the Municipal Policy on Climate Change and gives the example that it is possible to address the issue of political form and technique. OBJECTIVE Evaluate the implementation process and impacts of Climate Change Policy of the City of São Paulo - PMMC - to meet the proposed objectives in the law establishing it. METHODOLOGY It is a cross-sectional study, both quantitative-qualitative primary data collection (interviews) and secondary data (document analysis). The methodology of DSC combined with exploratory and descriptive formulation was considered most appropriate to the proposed objectives, to promote the analysis that seeks to understand the limits and scope of public policies in the public interest, to seek to make recommendations to improve the applicability of a policy public in Brazil. RESULTS The interviewed indicated multidisciplinary, international mobilization and coordination between branches as main facilitators in the implementation of the measures proposed by the PMMC. And, as a major complicating, the lack of political will and the lack of engagement and social mobilization. The last part of the questionnaire was applied directly to the experts in each area, and on the results presented, it is possible to point out that 50 per cent of the measures are in the process for implementation and 39.3 per cent of the measures are not implemented at all. So, 89.3 per cent of the PMMC measures were not accomplished. CONCLUSION 39.3 per cent of the measures were not implemented, the goal of reducing 30 per cent of greenhouse gas emissions set for 2012 was not met; conflicts between social groups hindered law enforcement, the methodology of the discourse of collective subject showed coherent with sustainable development principles and understanding of the effectiveness of PMMC
Nelson, Edward. "Hydropower in Scotland : linking changing energy and environmental agendas with sustainability outcomes". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/20282.
Texto completo da fonteFlorack, Alyssa. "Local Governments Taking on Climate Change: Situating City Actions in the Global Climate Regime:". Thesis, Boston College, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108629.
Texto completo da fonteGiven the current political environment in the US, there is great doubt about the future of American policy on climate change. Still, the optimistic future of American climate policy relies on the new group of leaders that have emerged from municipal government. Although local government is traditionally ignored in favor of the publicity of international negotiations between countries, cities have established a role at the forefront of climate policy over the past ten years. These local governments serve half of the world’s population and often are extremely vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, making their contributions more important than ever. Although they face a unique set of difficulties, cities are able to take a range of actions impossible at higher levels of government, reaching communities in unprecedented ways and innovating new policies. This project aims to analyze how local governments fit into the global political regime on climate change, testing the theoretical framework of multilevel governance against reallife examples in Boston and New York City. Further, this paper finds that cities compensate for their relatively small size and limited jurisdiction through a unique set of actions and collaborative relationships, enabling these local actors to become international leaders on this complex global issue
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2017
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline:
Discipline: Departmental Honors
Discipline: Environmental Studies
Schmidt, Robert. "What's Really Keeping the US from Joining the Kyoto Protocol. A Game Theoretic Empirical Analysis". Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/994.
Texto completo da fonteBachelors
Business Administration
Business Economics
Garren, Sandra Jo. "Greenhouse gas emissions and climate policy in Florida's state and local governments (2000 to 2010)". Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5024.
Texto completo da fontePitt, Damian Rogero. "The Diffusion of Climate Protection Planning among U.S. Municipalities". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38616.
Texto completo da fontePh. D.
Bergkvist, Andersson Magda. "Domestic Organisations and Multi-Level Policy : An interview study of Swedish environmental non-governmental organisations influencing climate policy in a multi-level context". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-385475.
Texto completo da fonteKalesnikaite, Vaiva. "Facing the Rising Tide: How Local Governments in the United States Collaborate to Adapt to Sea Level Rise". FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3770.
Texto completo da fonteParker, Joseph Lynn. "Beyond Sustainable Bounds: Changing Weather, Emigration, and Irrigation in a Farming Village of Sichuan, China, 1945-2012". PDXScholar, 2013. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1514.
Texto completo da fonteWeikmans, Romain. "Le financement international de l'adaptation au changement climatique: quelle vision de l'aide ?" Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209004.
Texto completo da fonteLes contestations normatives relatives à la nature des transferts financiers Nord-Sud visant l’adaptation au changement climatique et à ses relations avec l’aide publique au développement (APD) se sont considérablement accentuées depuis 2009 lorsque les pays développés se sont conjointement engagés à fournir des ressources «nouvelles et supplémentaires » à hauteur de 30 milliards de dollars pour la période 2010-2012 et à mobiliser collectivement 100 milliards de dollars par an d’ici à 2020, en les répartissant de manière « équilibrée » entre l’atténuation et l’adaptation dans les pays en développement. Mouvements de solidarité internationale, organisations non gouvernementales de protection de l’environnement, représentants des pays en développement, et parfois institutions multilatérales de développement :nombreux sont les acteurs qui appellent à la mise en place d’un financement international de l’adaptation qui existerait séparément de l’aide, en représentant une forme de « compensation » liée à la responsabilité disproportionnée des pays développés dans l’occurrence du changement climatique.
Notre thèse se construit à partir d’un constat :celui de la déconnexion entre une hypothèse largement répandue dans la littérature académique (i.e. l’existence d’un financement international de l’adaptation qui serait distinct de l’APD – et original sous divers aspects) et la réalité observable (i.e. l’existence d’un tel financement ne se vérifie pas dans les faits). Comment expliquer cette déconnexion ?Telle est précisément la question que nous tentons d’élucider dans le présent document. Nous formulons l’hypothèse selon laquelle les discours opposant le financement international de l’adaptation et l’aide au développement sont le produit d’une vision particulière de ce que devrait être l’APD. L’ambition de notre recherche est dès lors de caractériser cette vision normative de l’aide et d’examiner ses manifestations dans une série de débats récurrents qui traversent la question du financement international de l’adaptation. Nous mettons en évidence le fait que ces discours renouvellent une vision de l’aide entre États souverains destinée à répondre aux injustices internationales et à alimenter un transfert de ressources régulier entre pays riches et pays pauvres.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Denis, Benjamin. "La politique internationale du climat: analyse du processus de construction du cadre international de lutte contre le réchauffement global". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210881.
Texto completo da fonteDoctorat en sciences politiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Costa, Cássia Maria Siqueira Marques da. "Governos subnacionais e política externa: o caso da agenda de mudanças climáticas". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/101/101131/tde-08012014-150620/.
Texto completo da fonteThe literature on the role of subnational governments in international relations, best known as Paradiplomacy, highlights the predominantly cooperative relationship between central and subnational governments with regard to foreign policy issues. However, studies do not devote much attention to the tensions and conflicts that permeate these interactions, since, in practice, the coordination between the two levels of government is not as natural as it seems. Thus, at first, the paper aims to draw attention to a sphere poorly explored in the study of international relations and in the subfield of paradiplomacy. Based on the observation that there is a gap in the analytical dimension of the conflict between central and local authorities, the study aims to bring this discussion to light and to locate some of these conflict points that are present even in a pattern of interaction that is mainly cooperative. Secondly, assuming the prevalence of a complementary relationship between the federal and subnational levels, the article empirically analyzes the specific case of subnational governments\' transnational activities on climate change mitigation, which is gaining importance in the municipalities\' international agenda. At the same time, it is an important element in the Brazilian environmental foreign policy. By selecting a sample of cities that have public policies on climate change in which international action is a conditioning element to undertake such initiatives, we sought to verify how these municipalities would contribute to the fulfillment of voluntary emission reduction targets for 2020. This target was established by Brazil during the Conference of the Parties on Climate Change (COP-15) in 2009, also becoming the base for the countries\' National Policy on Climate Change (NPCC).
Barbi, Fabiana 1980. "Governando as mudanças climáticas no nível local : riscos e respostas políticas". [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281181.
Texto completo da fonteTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: O objetivo dessa tese é analisar como os tomadores de decisão têm se apropriado dos riscos das mudanças climáticas em suas políticas locais e na integração com as políticas existentes, em diferentes níveis de governança. Para analisar o processo de internalização dos riscos das mudanças climáticas em termos de respostas políticas ao problema pelos governos locais e metropolitano, construiu-se uma matriz analítica baseada em quatro pontos: riscos das mudanças climáticas na região; estruturas político-institucionais para a questão climática; respostas políticas relacionadas às mudanças climáticas e percepções dos atores governamentais acerca do tema. Essa matriz analítica foi concebida a partir dos capítulos teóricos e utilizada no estudo em profundidade na cidade de Santos, na Região Metropolitana da Baixada Santista. Os resultados mostraram que essa região é bastante vulnerável aos riscos das mudanças climáticas e mostraram a existência de algumas ações governamentais relacionadas a essa questão em diferentes setores de atuação no nível local e metropolitano. Entretanto, nenhuma dessas ações está diretamente voltada a lidar com os riscos das mudanças climáticas, abordando essa questão de maneira tangencial. Os riscos das mudanças climáticas não estão sendo internalizados pelos governos em termos de respostas políticas, embora ações referentes a esses riscos sejam misturadas às respostas governamentais a outros problemas urbanos que possuem interface com a questão climática e podem ser exacerbados a partir das mudanças no clima. Na região estudada, os riscos das mudanças climáticas são internalizados como riscos naturais, isto é, as respostas políticas estão mais direcionadas aos riscos naturais do que aos riscos climáticos, não incorporando os cenários previstos de mudanças climáticas nas respostas governamentais. Os riscos das mudanças climáticas são produtos dos próprios processos de desenvolvimento das sociedades contemporâneas. Isso implica no questionamento desses processos. E isso, as políticas climáticas ou relacionadas às mudanças climáticas apresentadas nessa tese estão longe de lograr, ou seja, elas não vão ao cerne do problema, mas se configuram como paliativos que permitem manter os mesmos padrões de desenvolvimento conhecidos até aqui: poluidores e emissores de gases de efeito estufa
Abstract: The aim of this dissertation is to analyze how policy makers have internalized the risks of climate change in their local policies and have integrated them with existing policies at different levels of governance. In order to analyze the internalization process of climate change risks in terms of policy responses to the problem by local and metropolitan governments, an analytical matrix based on four points was constructed: the risks of climate change; political-institutional structures for the climate issue; climate-relate policy responses and the perceptions of governmental actors on the subject. This analytical matrix was based on the theoretical chapters and used in the in-depth study in the city of Santos, in the Santos Metropolitan Region. The results showed that this region is quite vulnerable to the risks of climate change and showed the existence of some government actions related to this issue in different sectors of activity, at the local and metropolitan levels. However, none of these actions is directly geared to deal with climate change risks, addressing them tangentially. The risks of climate change are not being internalized by governments in terms of policy responses, although actions related to these risks are mixed to other policy responses to urban problems that have interface with the climate issue and may be exacerbated by changes in the climate. In the study area, the risks of climate change are internalized as natural hazards, i.e., the political responses are more directed to natural hazards than to climate risks, without incorporating climate change scenarios into the political responses. Climate change risks are products of the development processes themselves in contemporary societies. This implies questioning these processes. The climate or climate-related policies presented in this thesis are far from achieving this, i.e., they do not go to the heart of the problem, but are configured as palliatives that allow the maintenance of the same development standards known so far: polluters and greenhouse gases emitters
Doutorado
Aspectos Sociais de Sustentabilidade e Conservação
Doutora em Ambiente e Sociedade
Brohe, Arnaud. "Réalisations et limites des marchés du carbone: évaluation et perspectives". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209301.
Texto completo da fonteUne hypothèse forte des marchés du carbone dotés d’un système de plafonnement est qu’ils permettraient de garantir le respect des objectifs climatiques. Cette hypothèse ne s’est pas révélée exacte. En générant plus d’un milliard de crédits, dont un nombre important de crédits issus de projets, et en ne parvenant pas à empêcher des défections, le système mis en place par le Protocole de Kyoto n’est pas parvenu à garantir le plafonnement des émissions dans les pays développés. Il en va de même pour les systèmes liés à Kyoto comme le système communautaire d'échange de quotas d'émissions (SCEQE).
Dans la plupart des configurations des règles ad hoc et peu transparentes ont nui à l’objectif environnemental. La comptabilité commune de différents gaz à effet de serre, malgré des incertitudes importantes sur les pouvoirs de réchauffement globaux a également été néfaste à l'intégrité du système.
Le lien à des mécanismes de projets trouvant leur légitimité dans une preuve de l’additionnalité souvent floue demeure problématique. Notre analyse a ainsi mis en avant la problématique de l'enregistrement de projets hydrauliques dont la décision de construction est antérieure aux marchés du carbone.
En théorie, le mécanisme d’échange a pour conséquence que les acteurs confrontés à des coûts de réduction faibles soient encouragés à réduire leurs émissions. Dans la pratique, notre analyse montre que peu d’acteurs connaissent leur coût de réduction marginal, empêchant dès lors la concrétisation de cet idéal d’une réduction au moindre coût. Nous avons aussi mis en avant le fait qu’un prix identique par tonne de CO2 réduite n’est pas adapté au soutien de technologies nouvelles, souvent plus onéreuses au début de leur cycle de développement.
Finalement, un des principaux mérites des marchés du carbone a peut-être été leur acceptabilité auprès des décideurs politiques et économiques. Il est manifeste que les marchés permettent d'internaliser le carbone à un niveau international sans passer par une difficile harmonisation des politiques fiscales. C'est clairement une des raisons de leur adoption rapide et dans de nombreux pays.
Les marchés du carbone ont aussi joué un rôle important en matière de sensibilisation aux changements climatiques. Ils ont permis de faire progresser la comptabilité carbone et la compréhension des technologies sobres en carbone.
L’effondrement récent du prix du carbone montre que ce nouvel instrument qui, en théorie, est efficace pour atteindre un objectif de réduction prédéfini, ne permet pas, dans la pratique, par manque d’ambition ou en raison d’erreurs dans la conception, de financer la transition vers une nouvelle économie sobre en carbone. Il apparaît dès lors nécessaire de réformer cet instrument mais aussi de développer progressivement des alternatives afin de ne pas uniquement faire reposer la réussite de l’atteinte des objectifs climatiques sur les seuls marchés du carbone et ainsi augmenter la résilience des politiques climatiques aux aléas de marchés financiers, par ailleurs eux-mêmes soumis à de nombreux tourments depuis 2008.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Ahmad, Imran Habib. "Climate policy integration at national scale". Phd thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151302.
Texto completo da fonteBenger, Matthew. "Climate change policy in Canada: domestic influences on foreign policy formulation". 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/31849.
Texto completo da fonteOctober 2016
Ning, Guo-yi, e 甯國懿. "On the Climate Change Policy of Merkel Government (2005-2008)". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51355349830095309236.
Texto completo da fonte東吳大學
德國文化學系
97
Merkel Government is considered as a leader on greenhouse gas reduction. When she served as chair of European Union and Group of Eight in 2007, developed countries and developing countries reached a consensus on the climate protection, which contributes to the achieving agreement at the 13th United Nations Climate Change Conference in Bali. In the meantime, Bali Roadmap was raised for a future climate deal that should be made prior to 2009. Domestically, Merkel Government has made a resolution to protect climate via conducting the project of combined energy and climate change. This thesis thus aims to investigate why Merkel Government addressed her appeal for the climate protection internally and externally, to examine how the climate policy in the past affected the current decisions, and to evaluate the policy made by Merkel Government. In this thesis, it is indicated that the climate policy in German could serve as a model for other countries such as Taiwan.
Treloar, Boyd Olivia. "Energy reform and climate change mitigation in China : the ideas motivating change". Phd thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/149937.
Texto completo da fonteNgcobo, Bongiwe Princess. "South African foreign policy decision making on climate change". Thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/23806.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis was greatly motivated by the desire to understand and explain the foreign policy decision making process of the South African government on climate change. The study deploys Allison and Zelikow’s triple model from their famous analysis of the Cuban Missile Crisis as lenses in unmasking the complexities associated with processes of foreign policy decision making, on climate decisions in South Africa. In spite of the multi-sectoral interventions of government, business, NGO’s, civil society and academics in mitigating the impact of climate change, the decision making process excluded participation of other stakeholders at the political level. This was evident in 2009 at Copenhagen when the president announced that South Africa had committed itself to reduce carbon emissions by 34% in 2020 and 42% in 2025. A possible explanation why the multi-stakeholders participation was excluded in setting these numerical targets in the climate change decision making process, lies with the failure of the incumbent government to uphold the democratic principles of inclusive participation. Drawing from the work of Allison and Zelikow (1999), that state that it is not adequate to explain government’s events on decision making through the Rational Actor Model only, it is more useful to also consider the organisational processes and government politics from which the decision emerged. In this regard, interviews and documentary analysis were deployed within a qualitative case study design to gain an indepth understanding of South African foreign policy decision making processes on climate change targets. Overwhelmingly, the study established that there was a gross exclusion of multi-stakeholders participation in foreign policy decision making on setting the climate targets, ignoring the effects of the outcome of those decisions on socio-economic issues. This study therefore concluded that, although efforts are being put into place to ensure maximum participation by both government and other actors, there is still a need for South African government to allow participation of external actors. Premised in the forgoing conclusion, it is recommended that South African government foreign policy decisions on climate change can work better if entrenched on other multi-stakeholders’ decisions and following inclusive participation at the political level.
GR2018