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Osler, Audrey, e Aya Kato. "Power, Politics and Children’s Citizenship: The Silencing of Civil Society". International Journal of Children’s Rights 30, n.º 2 (6 de junho de 2022): 440–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718182-30020007.
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Abstract Children remain marginalised in theoretical analyses of citizenship and political rights, with their partial citizenship status attracting minimal attention. We consider the ontological need for political engagement, children’s political agency and intergenerational justice. We discuss how Derrida’s hospitality concept may inform analyses of power structures that serve to exclude children from the demos. We then examine the case of Japan where education law neglects children’s political rights, though respect for human rights and popular sovereignty are core constitutional values. Analysis of parliamentary debates addressing Article 12 and children’s right to be heard and organise collectively reveals a long-standing ideological divide concerning children’s political participation. The Committee on the Rights of the Child has explained Japan’s reluctance to implement Article 12 as reflecting “traditional” attitudes. The reality is more complex. From the late 1950s, Japan experienced a wave of student-led protests, focusing on the US-Japan Anpo Security Treaty. Subsequently, the Japanese government prioritised public order over students’ political rights, and global economic competitiveness over citizenship rights. Article 12 remains a site of struggle between those wishing to extend children’s citizenship rights and those who wish to maintain their partial citizenship, fearing social unrest and a focus away from global economic competitiveness.
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Kantrowitz, Stephen. "Jurisdiction, Civilization, and the Ends of Native American Citizenship: The View from 1866". Western Historical Quarterly 52, n.º 2 (17 de março de 2021): 189–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/whq/whab003.
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Abstract Most nineteenth-century political debates over U.S. citizenship revolved around the claims of people, often African Americans or immigrants, who aspired to that status. But Native American citizenship’s genealogy began instead with the United States assertion of the right to purchase or conquer the territory of its Indigenous neighbors, to replace them as its sole or primary inhabitants, and to make policy for the people thereby dispossessed. These very different histories of citizenship collided in 1866, when the U.S. Senate considered how to codify that status in the Civil Rights Act and Fourteenth Amendment. This article interprets these debates as the collision of an array of distinct and divergent settler colonial processes and experiences. It argues that the ultimate resolution—a half-articulated commitment to let local settler communities decide—both contradicted the ostensible purposes of the Civil Rights Act and accurately reflected how the era’s settler colonial society understood the purposes and functions of Native citizenship.
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Madmalil, Ehsan, e Fereydoun Akbarzadeh. "Theoretical reflection on the impact of globalization processes on civil rights". Environment Conservation Journal 16, SE (5 de dezembro de 2015): 309–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2015.se1637.
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The concept of citizenship is one of the old key concepts in political philosophy that has been reproduced in various forms since the formation of classical political philosophy up to modern times within the theory set forth in this type of theoretical philosophy. So, pre-modern theory, modern theory and postmodern theory can be noted. The concept of citizenship is an idea which governs the right of modern human and was emerged in the Western Europe and is a product of modern politics. Accepting Legal and political rights and duties is raised by citizenship status, its main foundation and the basic idea of the concept. In the contemporary world, citizenship has been interested more than other societies. The question that comes to mind here is that how is the situation of civil rights in the era of theoretical terms in globalization? In response to the question hypothesis is that with globalization, citizenship in its modern form that was enclosed in the geography of the national government has lost its sense and civil rights embodied in the discourses that are outside the reach of state law. This study aimed to investigate the impact of globalization on the civil right and conceptual evolution theoretically, as contemporary theorists have theorized it. Research findings indicate the "global citizenship" as a concept is emerging in the era of globalization as the result of rethinking of citizenship in the modern age. The methodology of study is analysis - descriptive, this means that the concept of civil right is described and then the theoretical changes in the era of globalization will be analyzed.
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Reyntjens, Louise. "Citizenship Deprivation under the European Convention-System: A Case Study of Belgium". Statelessness & Citizenship Review 1, n.º 2 (17 de dezembro de 2019): 263–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.35715/scr1002.114.
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In response to Islamic-inspired terrorism and the growing trend of foreign fighters, European governments are increasingly relying on citizenship deprivation as a security tool. This paper will focus on the question of how the fundamental rights of individuals deprived of their citizenship are affected and which protection is offered for them by the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (‘ECHR’). In many countries, these new and broader deprivation powers were left unaccompanied by stronger (procedural) safeguards that protect the human rights they might affect. Unlike the Universal Declaration of Human Rights or the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the ECHR does not provide for an explicit right to citizenship. The question therefore rises what protection, if any, is offered by the ECHRsystem against citizenship deprivation and for the right to citizenship. Through a case study of the Belgian measure of citizenship deprivation, the (implicit) protection provided by the Convention-system is demonstrated.
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Kisby, Ben. "Citizenship Education and Civil Society". Societies 11, n.º 1 (28 de janeiro de 2021): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc11010011.
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Contemporary societies face a range of important challenges, including: climate change; poverty; wealth, income, and other forms of social inequality; human rights abuses; misinformation and fake news; the growth of populist movements; and citizen disenchantment with democratic politics [...]
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Palupi, Kadek Hapsari Ika, Ida Ayu Putu Widiati e I. Wayan Arthanaya. "Kedudukan Hak atas Tanah Waris Warga Negara Indonesia yang Berpindah Kewarganegaraan". Jurnal Interpretasi Hukum 1, n.º 1 (20 de agosto de 2020): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/juinhum.1.1.2181.30-36.
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A person’s citizenship status has an impact on obtaining guarantees of rights from the state. Indonesian citizens are granted the right to obtain ownership rights to land in Indonesia, but not to those who have changed their citizenship status. The case is different if a citizen acquires the rights of ownership over land due to inheritance. In this regard, this study addresses two questions: 1) how is the inheritance rights in Indonesia based on the Civil Code regulated? ) What is the position of inheritance rights of Indonesian a citizen who has changed his/her citizenship status? This study uses a normative legal research method with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach to achieve these goals. The results indicate that the regulation of inheritance rights in Indonesia is realized through the enactment of three types of inheritance law, namely Customary Inheritance Law, Islamic Inheritance Law and Civil Code Inheritance Law. In the Civil Code of Inheritance Law there are groups that distinguish between heirs and wills whose contents shall not conflict with legitieme portie (absolute part) and shall relate to its inheritance which is land. Then, there are other rules that need to be obeyed namely Indonesian Republic Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Regulations of Agrarian Principles. The status of ownership rights of land of an Indonesian citizen who has changed his/her citizenship status transfers to the state if the said citizen does not transfer the status of his/her land inheritance within one year from his transfer of citizenship.
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Mosayebnia, Sedigheh, e Hadi Noori. "Women's Citizenship Rights in Iran between Two Revolutions". Social Evolution & History 23, n.º 1 (30 de março de 2024): 106–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30884/seh/2024.01.05.
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The main question of the present article is ‘Which logic of historical development did women's citizenship rights in Iran between the Constitutional Revolution and the Islamic Revolution follow?’ Does the course of events represent temporary movements or are they part of a historical trajectory that led to a change in the social position, that is, women's citizenship rights until the revolution of 1978? In examining this issue, the test of theory is used and Thomas Humphrey Marshall's theory of citizenship rights is applied as the theoretical framework for analysis. The research method is a historical case study. The data collection method is documentary type and the analysis method is pattern matching type. The findings of the research show that the civil rights were established in the initial form at the end of the Qajar period, and the legal provisions were provided in the first Pahlavi state and were partially established in the second Pahlavi period. In the next stage, social rights rather than political rights were put on the agenda of the Pahlavi states, which received more attention than civil rights, and then political rights were considered since the 1960s. Therefore, the historical evolution of women's citizenship rights has been in the form of civil rights, social rights and political rights, which is different from the historical experience of citizenship rights in Europe and Marshall's theory.
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Silbergleid, Robin. "Women, Utopia, and Narrative: Toward a Postmodern Feminist Citizenship". Hypatia 12, n.º 4 (1997): 156–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.1997.tb00302.x.
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Feminist utopian novels reconstruct citizenship by interrogating ideological assumptions at the root of civil rights theory, particularly its reliance on the sexual contract and the family romance narrative. While many feminist citizenships still depend on such assumptions, utopian fictions deconstruct the logic of natural rights and replace traditional governments and nation-states with social structures based on community and global-ecological awareness. They thereby underscore the importance of narrative for feminist philosophy and political theory.
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Wenzel, Nikolai G. "Classical Communitarianism and Liberal Anomie: Toward an Individual yet Robust Theory of Citizenship". New Perspectives on Political Economy 12, n.º 1-2 (30 de dezembro de 2016): 65–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.62374/h3aye884.
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This paper uses the tools of robust political economy to assess a fundamental question of political theory: citizenship. Traditional conceptions of citizenship are found wanting if the criterion is the preservation of liberty and individual rights. Classical citizenship places duties above rights and civic participation over individual autonomy; in the process, it snuffs out the individual in the name of the collective. Liberal citizenship protects the individual sphere from political intrusion and thus offers great promise for civil and political rights. Alas, it contains the seeds of its own destruction, as individuals can lapse into anomie or rebellious chaos. After assessing the weaknesses of each vision of citizenship, this paper closes with a case study from Ayn Rand’s Atlas Shrugged: the simultaneously classical and ultra-liberal citizenship in Galt’s Gulch. While the paper does not offer a resolution – a resolution which many not completely exist – it seeks to move toward an individual yet robust theory of citizenship.
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Qisthi Rosyidah, Ainun. "Politik Kewargaan: Melacak Perjuangan Kelompok Penghayat Kerohanian Sapta Darma Kota Malang dalam Mendapatkan Hak sebagai Warga Negara". Journal of Politics and Policy 5, n.º 1 (17 de junho de 2023): 58–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jppol.2023.005.01.05.
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This study aims to explain how the struggle of the Sapta Darma kerokhanian group in Malang City in obtaining their rights as citizens. This research is important to do as a benchmark of the obligations that should be given by the government in the form of rights as citizens to marginalized people, in this case are followers of the Sapta Darma faith in Malang City. By borrowing the framework of citizenship political theory from Kristian Stokke which divides into four dimensions of citizenship, namely citizenship as a legal status, citizenship as a right, citizenship as membership, and citizenship as participation. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods with data collection through literature studies, document studies, interviews, and observations. The results of this study show that the Sapta Darma faith group has made various efforts as a form of struggle to obtain various rights, namely membership rights, legal status as an organization or community, civil rights, social rights, political rights, and participation rights. The findings of this study show that the Sapta Darma faith group in Malang City has proven to be very proactive and initiatives towards government institutions in various fields such as administrative, educational and social spheres.
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Levine, David P. "The Birth of the Citizenship Schools: Entwining the Struggles for Literacy and Freedom". History of Education Quarterly 44, n.º 3 (2004): 388–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2004.tb00015.x.
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In a 1981 interview, civil rights leader Andrew Young commented, “If you look at the black elected officials and the people who are political leaders across the South now, it's full of people who had their first involvement in civil rights in the Citizenship Training Program.” Informally known as Citizenship Schools, this adult education program began in 1958 under the sponsorship of Tennessee's Highlander Folk School, which handed it over to the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) in 1961. By the time the project ended in 1970, approximately 2500 African Americans had taught these basic literacy and political education classes for tens of thousands of their neighbors. The program never had a high profile, but civil rights leaders and scholars assert that it helped to bring many people into the movement, cultivated grassroots leaders, and increased black participation in voting and other civic activities.
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AL-Nsour, Osama Sami. "Evolution of the Concept of Citizenship in the Islamic Thought: An Analysis". Al-Milal: Journal of Religion and Thought 2, n.º 1 (25 de junho de 2020): 121–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.46600/almilal.v2i1.68.
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The concept of citizenship is one of the pillars upon which the modern civil state was built. The concept of citizenship can be considered as the basic guarantee for both the government and individuals to clarify the relationship between them, since under this right individuals can acquire and apply their rights freely and also based on this right the state can regulate how society members perform the duties imposed on them, which will contributes to the development of the state and society .The term citizenship has been used in a wider perspective, itimplies the nationality of the State where the citizen obtains his civil, political, economic, social, cultural and religious rights and is free to exercise these rights in accordance with the Constitution of the State and the laws governing thereof and without prejudice to the interest. In return, he has an obligation to perform duties vis-à-vis the state so that the state can give him his rights that have been agreed and contracted.This paper seeks to explore firstly, the modern connotation of citizenship where it is based on the idea of rights and duties. Thus the modern ideal of citizenship is based on the relationship between the individual and the state. The Islamic civilization was spanned over fourteen centuries and there were certain laws and regulations governing the relationship between the citizens and the state, this research will try to discover the main differences between the classical concept of citizenship and the modern one, also this research will show us the results of this change in this concept . The research concludes that the new concept of citizenship is correct one and the one that can fit to our contemporary life and the past concept was appropriate for their time but the changes in the world force us to apply and to rethink again about this concept.
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Shkolna, V. V., e I. V. Kostenko. "International standards of citizenship and resolution of citizenship issues when changing the territory of the state". Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 1, n.º 82 (16 de maio de 2024): 260–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2024.82.1.39.
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The fundamental element of the development of any state is the strengthening of its legal ties, as well as the formation of a high-quality and new legal system for the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of a person and a citizen, including the sphere of acquiring Ukrainian citizenship. The legal framework that regulates the institution of Ukrainian citizenship at this stage is fragmented and inconsistent, and the process of forming such a framework is not systematic and consistent, which causes problems in legal regulation. It is important to examine the doctrinal approaches and views that relate to the institution of citizenship. There are different approaches to defining the concept of citizenship. It is interpreted from different aspects – political, legal or philosophical. The content of citizenship can be a stable legal connection with a certain state or a person’s belonging to a certain state, the people of a nation. Among the key characteristics of the institution of citizenship, the most important is its influence on ensuring the rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen. Citizenship gives a person a number of rights, including the right to protection by the state, participation in elections and public administration, access to social services and protection in court. It also imposes obligations, including: protecting the homeland, paying taxes, being loyal to the state, obeying the law, and participating in society. This interaction determines the ways of realizing civil rights and responsibilities, solving conflicts and problems related to citizenship and migration, as well as the formation of civil identity and joint responsibility for the future of the country. The definition of the signs of citizenship is also insufficient in the legal literature. These problems make it necessary to study the general legal and doctrinal characteristics of the institution of citizenship.
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Klausen, Jytte. "Social Rights Advocacy and State Building: T. H. Marshall in the Hands of Social Reformers". World Politics 47, n.º 2 (janeiro de 1995): 244–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043887100016099.
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This article argues that it is a fallacy to regard “social citizenship” as granting social rights equivalent to civil rights and suffrage. The argument is based partly upon a textual analysis showing that in formulating his influential “trinity” of citizenship, T. H. Marshall obfuscated differences between the distributional logic of redistributive policy and political and civil rights. The second part of the argument is based upon an empirical discussion of how social citizenship arguments have been applied to create comprehensive social reform.The Scandinavian welfare states play a central role in the discussion as examples of the inclu-sionary benefits of social citizenship. Three instances of welfare state expansion are discussed: the passage of legislation establishing flat-rate retirement benefits, the institution of supplementary earnings-related retirement benefits, and feminist mobilization in the 1980s for a “woman-friendly” welfare state. It is shown that claims to social citizenship are used by out-groups to demand inclusion in electoral coalitions aiming at welfare state expansion.The article concludes that social citizenship is inextricably linked to redistributive political conflict between in-groups and out-groups and depends upon state capacity to raise revenues and to police entitlement. A key difference between social rights and political and civil rights is that consumption of the former hinges on both the consent of the community and the willingness of others to pay for such consumption, while consumption of the latter does not impose direct costs upon others.
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Hartmann, Douglas. "Black Citizenship and Authenticity in the Civil Rights Movement". Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 44, n.º 2 (19 de fevereiro de 2015): 216–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094306115570271z.
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Velastegui, Nicholas. "Citizenship, Civil Rights, and Jewish Emancipation in Revolutionary France". Toro Historical Review 14, n.º 2 (6 de dezembro de 2023): 105–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.46787/tthr.v14i2.3834.
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The emancipation of France's Jewish communities at the National Assembly marked an unprecedented development in civil rights for religious minorities. This project focuses on the intersection of French and Jewish history in an effort to expand our understanding of the French Revolution's long-lasting effects on Europe. It also provides context for the political and social framework of Revolutionary France as it pertains to civil rights and religious outlier groups, seeking to contrast the differing paths to citizenship taken by French Protestants and French Jews, identify the ideological influence of the Enlightenment on proponents of Jewish emancipation, and compare the lives of French Jews after emancipation to that of other concurrent Jewish enclaves in Europe.
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Piraman, Fatemeh, Seyed Mohammad Sadegh Ahmadi e Masoud Raei. "An Analysis of the Role of Human Dignity in the Iranian Citizens Rights Charter". Journal of Politics and Law 9, n.º 6 (31 de julho de 2016): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v9n6p177.
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<p>In today's societies, in which the variety of social communications are increasingly expanded, citizenship rights in relation to all citizens equally and without discrimination depends on a comprehensive charter. This charter should specifically predict citizenship rights. The citizenship Bill of Rights will only be successful in achieving its goals in case it is principally based on the human dignity. The Iranian legal system in 1392 experienced the development of the "Citizens Rights Charter". This charter, with its fundamental drawbacks, will not have a desirable impact on the Iranian legal system.<br />Apparently, human dignity enjoys a proper position in the introduction and the general rules of the Iranian Citizens Rights Charter. However, the charter's understanding of the concept of citizen and government has compromised this condition. On the one hand, considering the citizen as anonymous with the national, and granting citizenship right to the state on the other hand have compromised the the position of human dignity in the charter.<br />With respect to the instances of civil rights, human dignity does not enjoy an appropriate position too. The lack of distinction between instances of human rights and mere citizenship rights, non-implementation of instances in a comprehensive framework and the over-emphasis on counting the instances by the law, has undermined human dignity in the citizen rights context.</p>
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Turner, Bryan S. "Contemporary Citizenship". Journal of Citizenship and Globalisation Studies 1, n.º 1 (31 de março de 2021): 10–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/jcgs2017vol1no1art1062.
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The paper begins with an examination of three ideal types citizenship which are not necessarily mutual exclusive. The first type is national citizenship, typically associated with ethno-nationalism. The second form is social citizenship or ‘welfare citizenship’ refers to the creation of social rights and is closely connected to civil-society institutions rather than to the state or market. The third form of citizenship identifies the citizen with participation in the work force emphasizing self-reliance and autonomy. In this discussion, I argue that with economic globalization and the development of neo-liberal strategies the various forms of citizenship have converged towards a new model of passive citizenship in which the state is or has withdrawn from commitment to full employment and the provision of social security, especially universal provision of welfare services, and civil-society institutions have been eroded. The result is the emergence of the apolitical,isolated citizen as consumer. The fourth model of citizenship presupposes a consumer society, a weak state and the decline of civic institutions, where the passive citizen becomes a consumer of privatized goods and services. The rise of a fourth model of citizenship – the consumer-citizen – can be interpreted as a logical consequence of financialization.1
1 Some aspects of this chapter first appeared in Bryan S. Turner (2010), ‘Ralf Dahrendorf on Citizenship and Life Chances’, Citizenship Studies, 14 (2): 237–43.
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Subagiyo, Dwi Tatak. "Construction Of Heritage Rights and Citizenship Status Differences in Indonesia". NORMA 18, n.º 2 (30 de julho de 2021): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30742/nlj.v18i2.1587.
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The high mobility of the population from one country to another, contributes to citizenship transfer. Likewise, Indonesian Citizens (WNI) who, for reasons of education, employment, and other preferences, choose to become Foreign Citizens (foreigners). However, the transfer of citizenship does not necessarily eliminate the ties of blood with the family. For example, in Inheritance in the form of land, a Foreign Citizen, referred to as a WNA, can inherit land rights in Indonesia due to the first two things, a foreign citizen born because of a mixed marriage. And both foreign citizens as a result of naturalization can be understood as a change in the citizenship status of the Indonesian population. Therefore, Indonesia's current construction of inheritance rights within the framework of inheritance regulation (which is part of civil law) is still dualistic and pluralistic. This is inseparable from the legal history of the enactment of civil law in Indonesia.Keywords: Construction, Inheritance, Citizenship
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Pal, Dipanwita. "Introduction: “Who Cares for the Carers?”: A Feminist Approach to Ecological Citizenship". Journal of Ecohumanism 3, n.º 1 (4 de janeiro de 2024): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/joe.v3i1.3166.
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This special issue has chiefly four components to focus upon—citizenship, ecological responsibilities, ecofeminist approach and politics of care, among whom the primary component is citizenship. The recent discourse on citizenship is domineered by the liberal and the civic republican frameworks. T. H. Marshall defines citizenship as “a status bestowed on those who are full members of a community” (1950, 14). Disparagingly, some other critics cite Aristotle’s definition of a citizen as one who “shares in decision and office” with the capacity “to rule and be ruled finely” (1984, 87, 91). Teena Gabrielson sums up this issue with the explanation: “… the liberal model emphasizes citizenship as a public status that ensures the holder of civil, political and social rights; while the civic republican model, renewed by the communitarian challenge to liberalism, emphasizes the public duties, virtues and practices of citizenship” (2008, 430).
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Ling, Peter. "Local Leadership in the Early Civil Rights Movement: The South Carolina Citizenship Education Program of the Highlander Folk School". Journal of American Studies 29, n.º 3 (dezembro de 1995): 399–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875800022441.
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Between 1953 and 1961 Myles Horton's Highlander Folk School developed the Citizenship Education Program (CEP) beginning in the Sea Islands of South Carolina. Within the program from 1957 onwards Septima Clark and Bernice Robinson developed Citizenship Schools centered on literacy classes. By slowly developing local leaders, like Esau Jenkins, the CEP evolved as an educational framework for social mobilization, which was later used by the Civil Rights Movement as a whole. In the summer of 1961, since the Folk School faced closure by Tennessee state authorities, Highlander transferred the CEP to the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). Between 1961 and 1970, hundreds of civil rights activists from across the South attended the SCLC's Citizenship School teacher training courses at the Dorchester Center near Savannah in south-east Georgia. Moreover, in the mid-1960s the Southwide Voter Education Project enabled civil rights activists from across the region to study the political organization that the CEP had spawned in Charleston county as a model for their own community work. Given its widespread influence, the CEP's work was a vital aspect of the Civil Rights Movement itself and constituted Highlander's chief contribution to it.
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Trifonov, S. G., e R. A. Lubsky. "CONCILIATION PROCEDURES AS ALTERNATIVE CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL GUARANTEES FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF JUDICIAL POWER". Scientific Notes of V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Juridical science 7 (73), n.º 3 (1) (2022): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2413-1733-2021-7-3(1)-108-116.
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In this article, the author examines the features of the constitutional and legal subinstitution of multiple citizenship, analyzes the social, political, legal prerequisites for the emergence of this phenomenon, the features of the regulation of multiple citizenship in individual states. Examples of successful, coordinated settlement of cases of multiple citizenship are considered and ways of possible overcoming of collisions arising in the presence of several citizenships of an individual are analyzed. In conclusion, the authors point out that the principle of effective citizenship is a universal means of preventing and eliminating cases of multiple citizenship. Its criteria are permanent residence or most frequent stay; place of work, military or public service; the place where the person actually enjoys his civil or political rights; sometimes — the location of real estate. It is rightly noted that the prevention of multiple citizenship and the elimination of such cases is carried out using both domestic and international legal means.
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Qisthi Rosyidah, Ainun. "Politik Kewargaan: Melacak Perjuangan Kelompok Penghayat Kerohanian di Kota Malang dalam Mendapatkan Hak sebagai Warga Negara". Journal of Politics and Policy 5, n.º 1 (18 de junho de 2023): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jppol.2023.005.01.06.
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This research aims to explain how spiritual groups in Malang City struggle to obtain their rights as citizens. This research is important to carry out as a benchmark for the obligations that the government should give in the form of rights as citizens to marginalized groups, in this case spiritual believers in Malang City, Malang City. By borrowing the theoretical framework of citizenship politics from Kristian Stokke, which divides citizenship into four dimensions, namely citizenship as legal status, citizenship as rights, citizenship as membership, and citizenship as participation. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods by collecting data through literature study, document study, interviews and observation. The results of this research show that spiritual groups in Malang City have made various efforts as a form of struggle to obtain various rights, namely membership rights, legal status as an organization or community, civil rights, social rights, political rights and participation rights. The findings of this study show that groups of religious believers in Malang City have proven to be very proactive and take initiative towards government institutions in various fields such as administration, education and the social sphere.
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Yuval-Davis, Nira. "Women, Citizenship and Difference". Feminist Review 57, n.º 1 (setembro de 1997): 4–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/014177897339632.
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The article discusses some of the major issues which need to be examined in a gendered reading of citizenship. However, its basic claim is that a comparative study of citizenship should consider the issue of women's citizenship not only by contrast to that of men, but also in relation to women's affiliation to dominant or subordinate groups, their ethnicity, origin and urban or rural residence. It should also take into consideration global and transnational positionings of these citizenships. The article challenges the gender-blind and Westocentric character of many of the most hegemonic theorizations of citizenship, focusing in particular on the questions of membership in ‘the community’, group rights and social difference and the ways binaries of public/private and active/passive have been constructed to differentiate between different kinds of citizenships. The article argues that in order to be able to analyse adequately people's citizenship, especially in this era of ethnicization on the one hand and globalization on the other hand, and with the rapid pace at which relationships between states and their civil societies are changing, citizenship should best be analysed as a multi-tiered construct which applies, at the same time to people's membership in sub-, cross- and supra-national collectivities as well as in states.
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JANIEWSKI, DOLORES. "From Labor Rights to the Right to Work: Constituting and Resisting Social Citizenship, 1932–1953". Journal of Policy History 34, n.º 3 (6 de junho de 2022): 371–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030622000148.
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AbstractThe analysis examines the effort to incorporate labor rights into the American conception of civil liberties and the opposition to that endeavor. It focuses on three Senators—Robert Wagner, Robert La Follette, Jr., and Elbert Thomas—and New Deal officials who conceived of the National Labor Relations Act as a cornerstone of the effort to achieve “economic justice” and defended the law against its critics. It examines the opponents, including the National Association of Manufacturers and an anticommunist alliance between southern Democrats and Republicans. An ideological counteroffensive recast the supporters of social rights as un-American opponents of free enterprise and defined civil liberties as protecting the individual from an expansionist state and labor bosses. The analysis demonstrates the multiple causes for the disappearance of ideological space for conceiving that protection from oppressive employers constituted a civil liberty and the displacement of labor rights by the “right to work.”
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Turner, Bryan S. "Contemporary Citizenship: Four Types". Journal of Citizenship and Globalisation Studies 1, n.º 1 (11 de outubro de 2017): 10–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jcgs-2017-0002.
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AbstractThe paper begins with an examination of three ideal types citizenship which are not necessarily mutual exclusive. The first type is national citizenship, typically associated with ethno-nationalism. The second form is social citizenship or ‘welfare citizenship’ refers to the creation of social rights and is closely connected to civil-society institutions rather than to the state or market. The third form of citizenship identifies the citizen with participation in the work force emphasizing self-reliance and autonomy. In this discussion, I argue that with economic globalization and the development of neo-liberal strategies the various forms of citizenship have converged towards a new model of passive citizenship in which the state is or has withdrawn from commitment to full employment and the provision of social security, especially universal provision of welfare services, and civil-society institutions have been eroded. The result is the emergence of the apolitical,isolated citizen as consumer. The fourth model of citizenship presupposes a consumer society, a weak state and the decline of civic institutions, where the passive citizen becomes a consumer of privatized goods and services. The rise of a fourth model of citizenship – the consumer-citizen – can be interpreted as a logical consequence of financialization.
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Williams, Daniel. "Germanness or Rights? Second Generation Young Adults and Citizenship in Contemporary Germany". German Politics and Society 31, n.º 2 (1 de junho de 2013): 30–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2013.310204.
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Scholarship on citizenship-in its definition as nationality or formal membership in the state-has been both the basis for evaluating and comparing national citizenships as "ethnocultural" or "civic," and used to imply the meaning of citizenship to prospective citizens, particularly immigrants and non-citizen residents. Doing so ignores a perspective on citizenship "from below," and oversimplifies the multiplicity of meanings that individuals may attach to citizenship. This article seeks to fill this gap in scholarship by examining young adult second-generation descendants of immigrants in Germany. The second generation occupies a unique position for examining the meaning of citizenship, based on the fact that they were born and grew up in Germany, and are thus more likely than adult immigrants to be able to become citizens as well as to claim national belonging to Germany. Among the varied meanings of citizenship are rights-based understandings, which are granted to some non-citizens and not others, as well as identitarian meanings which may depend on everyday cultural practices as well as national origin. Importantly, these meanings of citizenship are not arbitrary among the second generation; citizenship status and gender appear to inform understandings of citizenship, while national origin and transnational ties appear to be less significant for the meaning of citizenship.
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Pathak, Urvi. "Statelessness And The Citizenship Amendment Act, 2019: The Case Of Sri Lankan Tamil Refugees". Socio-Legal Review 17, n.º 2 (julho de 2021): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.55496/lunc3940.
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For decades since the Sri Lankan civil war, Sri Lankan Tamil refugees have lived as stateless persons in India. However, India does not recognise “refugees” and “stateless persons” as legally separate categories, and treats them in a common immigration system with “ foreigners”. This conflation of citizenship law with the immigration regime is a result of the introduction of the category of “illegal migrant” as a determinative tool of Indian citizenship. This paper explores recent shifts in Indian citizenship laws, which have been embroiled in the tension between jus soli and jus sanguinis bases of citizenship, particularly with the category of “illegal migrant” and the Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019, and their impact on Sri Lankan Tamil refugees’ citizenship. This paper finds that despite the influence of international human rights, formal citizenship continues to be the clinching factor in Sri Lankan Tamil refugees’ quality and security of life in India today – an echo of Hannah Arendt’s conception of the “right to have rights”, by which she meant that the right to citizenship is a gateway for an individual to access all other rights. Against this backdrop, this paper suggests interim solutions for Sri Lankan Tamil refugees to secure formal citizenship in India, and in particular, the role of courts in crafting jurisprudence that would support the alleviation of their statelessness. In the same breath, this paper strongly argues in favour of, first, the need for a forward-looking reconceptualization of Indian citizenship laws based on the jus soli principle; and second, a recognition of India’s burden under the UN Conventions on statelessness to reduce and prevent statelessness, particularly through eliminating documentation-heavy citizenship determinations.
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Twine, Fred. "Citizenship: Opportunities, Rights and Routes to Welfare in Old Age". Journal of Social Policy 21, n.º 2 (abril de 1992): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400020845.
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ABSTRACTBritish debates on citizenship often start from an examination of the important work of T.H. Marshall (1950). This paper is no exception. It is argued that Marshall confuses ‘rights’ and ‘opportunities’ within his notion of civil rights. This critique is then developed in terms of Titmuss' concept of the ‘social division of welfare’ so as to distinguish different routes to welfare in old age. A distinction is made between a civil opportunity route to occupational pensions and a social rights route to a state earnings related pension. This distinction is then elaborated to tease out some social class and gender dimensions of citizenship and inequality in old age from a life course perspective.
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Kibreab, Gaim. "Citizenship Rights and Repatriation of Refugees". International Migration Review 37, n.º 1 (março de 2003): 24–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2003.tb00129.x.
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This article examines the relationship between access to or lack of access to citizenship rights in countries of asylum and the propensity of refugees to return. It hypothesizes that in situations where refugees enjoy civil, social and economic citizenship rights in the context of favorable structural factors — relatively secure employment, self-employment, social services such as housing, schools, health care and social security – the importance of repatriation may diminish as a viable option. In North America, Western Europe, Australia and New Zealand, where refugees are able to enjoy rights of citizenship with definite prospects for becoming citizens (through naturalization) or denizens through acquisition of permanent status, and where favorable structural factors provide for the enjoyment of a decent standard of living, they tend to remain regardless of whether the conditions that prompted displacement are eliminated. The policy environments and the structural factors for refugees sheltering in Less Developed Countries (LDCs) are the antithesis of those refugees in Developed Countries (DCs). As a result, millions of refugees in the South have been ‘voting with their feet’ homewards to recoup citizenship rights which they lost in connection with displacement and which they have been unable to achieve in exile.
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Risør, Helene. "Civil victimhood: Citizenship, human rights and securitization in post-dictatorship Chile". Anthropological Theory 18, n.º 2-3 (junho de 2018): 271–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1463499618777433.
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Based on two cases from Santiago, the article develops a theory of ‘civil victimhood’ to explore how civil conduct is paired with notions of victimhood in performances of citizenship in situations such as post-dictatorship Chile. In this context, victimhood is informed by two discourses, namely human rights and securitization. While the human rights discourse works to situate evil in the dictatorial past and victims as forgiving and deserving citizens, securitization practices operate within a temporality of the potential and generate new forms of othering and exclusion. This understanding of the civil citizen as (potential) victim delineates the forms of social and political action that are seen to have a legitimate place in public life. It is argued that the combination of civil victimhood and securitization is emerging as a form of governance that serves to exclude many of the poor from the full benefits of citizenship.
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Dennis, Michael. "The Idea of Citizenship in the Early Civil Rights Movement". Citizenship Studies 9, n.º 2 (maio de 2005): 181–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13621020500049135.
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Júnior, Almir Pereira, Jorge Romano e Marta Antunes. "Rights and Citizenship in Brazil: The Challenges for Civil Society". IDS Bulletin 36, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2005): 110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-5436.2005.tb00185.x.
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Scotto Benito, Pablo. "Derechos individuales y emancipación política: sentido y vigencia de la crítica de Marx = Individual rights and political emancipation: meaning and strength of Marx’s critique". UNIVERSITAS. Revista de Filosofía, Derecho y Política, n.º 26 (14 de julho de 2017): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/universitas.2017.3745.
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Resumen: Marx lleva a cabo dos críticas a los derechos. Por un lado, muestra las limitaciones emancipatorias de los derechos de ciudadanía, resultado de la (no reconocida) subordinación del Estado con respecto a la sociedad civil. Por otro, desvela el egoísmo que se esconde detrás de los llamados derechos humanos (libertad, propiedad, igualdad y seguridad), los cuales son en realidad una forma de naturalizar la forma de vida de la sociedad burguesa. Termina por relacionar una crítica con otra, señalando que la emancipación política (el reconocimiento de los derechos de ciudadanía) y el egoísmo sin trabas de la sociedad civil (sancionado a través de los derechos humanos) son dos procesos que tienen lugar a la vez, en el momento en que el ascenso de la burguesía rompe con los mecanismos de la vieja sociedad feudal.Abstract: Marx carries out two critiques of rights. On the one hand, he shows the emancipatory limitations of citizenship rights, resulting from the (unrecognized) subordination of the State in relation to civil society. On the other hand, he reveals the selfishness that hides behind the so-called human rights (liberty, property, equality and security), which are actually a form of naturalizing bourgeois society lifestyle. He ends up connecting this two critiques, noting that political emancipation (the recognition of citizenship rights) and unfettered selfishness of civil society (sanctioned through human rights) are two processes taking place simultaneously, at the moment when the bourgeoisie social climbing breaks with the mechanisms of old feudal society.Palabras clave: Marx, crítica, derechos humanos, ciudadanía, emancipación.Keywords: Marx, critique, human rights, citizenship, emancipation.
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Maktabi, Rania. "Female Citizenship in the Middle East: Comparing family law reform in Morocco, Egypt, Syria and Lebanon". Middle East Law and Governance 5, n.º 3 (2013): 280–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763375-00503003.
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This article explores the relationship between type of court system, parliamentary reform, and expanded female citizenship in four Arab states between 1990 and 2010. I argue that female citizens have acquired wider civil rights through parliament in relatively homogenous states with unitary court systems than in multireligious states with dual court systems. In Egypt and Morocco, unitary courts curbed clerical judicial authority over family law and weakened the resilience of conservative religious authorities. In these states, renewed pressures for reform after 1990 yielded strengthened female civil rights. In Syria and Lebanon, dual courts safeguard the judicial autonomy of clerics and enable them to resist pressures for family law reform more forcefully. In these states, little changed because the interests of political and religious authorities converge in ways that bolster group-based citizenship and constrain the civil rights of female citizens.
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Kusmayani, Anisa Eka Putri. "Youth Interfaith Dialogue in Everyday Citizenship in Indonesia: Bridging Religious Diversity and Citizenship Challenges". FOCUS 4, n.º 2 (30 de dezembro de 2023): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/focus.v4i2.7375.
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This research explores the role of interfaith dialogue among Indonesian youth in fostering everyday citizenship, particularly within the context of religious diversity. The study draws on the dynamics of interfaith engagement, emphasizing its significance in promoting social cohesion, peace, and civic participation. The framework integrates the "Seven Moments of Inter-religious Dialogue" proposed by J.B. Banawiratma and Stokke's (2017) dimensions of citizenship, including membership, legal status, rights, and participation. Examining the Abrahamic religions context, the research delves into historical challenges and the potential for dialogue to overcome intergenerational religious biases. The study highlights the necessity of understanding religious pluralism and building bridges among communities, particularly within the Muslim-Christian-Jewish framework. In the Indonesian youth context, the research identifies various interfaith dialogue initiatives undertaken by youth organizations across regions. It explores how these initiatives contribute to societal harmony, reduce radicalization, and empower civil society. The research also addresses challenges such as power dynamics and leadership influence in maintaining peace, emphasizing the grassroots' role. Moving beyond religious discourse, the study analyzes the intersection of interfaith dialogue with everyday citizenship issues in Indonesia. It investigates how dialogue addresses challenges related to LGBTQ+ rights, indigenous religious rights, and interreligious marriage. The research argues that interfaith dialogue plays a pivotal role in acknowledging inclusive citizenship, facilitating coexistence, and addressing complex societal issues. The findings suggest that interfaith dialogue not only promotes religious understanding but also enhances civic engagement, contributing to social justice and peace. The research concludes with insights into the potential of interfaith dialogue to bridge gaps between diverse religious and non-religious perspectives, fostering a more inclusive and tolerant citizenship in Indonesia.
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Handayani, Pristika, e Urip Giyono. "STATUS KEWARGANEGARAAN ANAK SEBELUM ADANYA UNDANG-UNDANG KEWARGANEGARAAN NO. 12 TAHUN 2006 TENTANG KEWARGANEGARAAN". Jurnal Jendela Hukum 10, n.º 2 (28 de setembro de 2023): 146–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24929/jjh.v10i2.2980.
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The purpose of this paper is to analyze normatively regarding children resulting from marriages of different citizens, which in this case is regulated in law number 12 of 2006 concerning citizenship. Children from mixed marriages have the right to determine or choose citizenship. In the case of a child's citizenship, it can be obtained after the child is 18 (eighteen) years old. Children can determine their own citizens because they are considered adults in accordance with the provisions stipulated in the Civil Code. With the regulations governing citizenship, it is hoped that later there will be no unrest for children, and also children's rights will be maintained, especially in terms of administration in Indonesia.
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Nanggala, Agil, e Karim Suryadi. "Analysis Of The Concept Of Fulfilling The Political Rights Of Disabled People Reviewed From The Perspective Of Civic Education". Jurnal Pendidikan PKN (Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan) 5, n.º 1 (8 de abril de 2024): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/jppkn.v5i1.76765.
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This research aims to analyze the concept of providing political rights for disabled people from a holistic Civics perspective so that it includes the impression of providing political rights that are limited to channelling political votes in elections, and limited to making disabled people political subjects. This research was carried out based on a qualitative approach, using literature study methods, namely data analysis, reduction, display and verification. The results of the research, namely, the concept of containing political rights in a Civics perspective based on a citizenship education approach and citizenship education containing political education, political empowerment, and political involvement of disabled people, so it becomes a political subject, to increase the capacity of civil competence and political literacy of disabled people. The conclusion is that the analysis of the concept that includes the political rights of disabled people from a Civics perspective, not only aims to realize equality for disabled citizens by holistically overcoming stereotyping but also to increase students' civic competence, through philanthropic actions based on civic education for disabled people.
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Zamroni, Mohammad. "URGENSI PENCATATAN SIPIL DALAM PEMENUHAN HAK ANAK TELAAH MENURUT IMAM SYAFI’I DAN HAM". Musãwa Jurnal Studi Gender dan Islam 14, n.º 1 (7 de janeiro de 2015): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/musawa.2015.141.77-86.
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The Urgency of Civil Registration in the Fulfilment of the Rights of the Child From birth Indonesian children have the basic right to be protected by the State and according to religion. One of the basic rights of the child is the right to obtain a birth certificate through the civil registration system. In this context, all children are seen to have the same basic human rights, and the same is true according to Islam. For example, there is no differentiation in relation to whether a child is born within marriage or illegitimately. From a human rights perspective, all children have an equal rights. Similarly, in Islamic jurisprudence according to the Imam Shafi’i School there are no limits to the care of a child. Civil registration of birth ensures human rights in relation to social status and individual benefits. The civil registration system gives individuals a unique identity, records the relationship with parents, and provides the foundation for citizenship. Birth certificates provide documentation of the birth of the child and usually one or both parents, which was fundamental to the determination of nationality, depending on the laws of each country. Civil registration is also important in recording death, marriage, divorce and so forth.
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Vila Merino, Eduardo Salvador, e Asier Martínez De Bringas. "Citizenship, social and educational rights: Reflections for a pedagogy of human rights". education policy analysis archives 18 (10 de agosto de 2010): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v18n18.2010.
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This article seeks to address human rights issues from a triple perspective. First, conceptually locating human rights in the context of globalization and making a critique of the liberal conception of human rights. Second, deepen citizenship as an element of visibility of the political and law and focus of education. Finally, think and bet on how the social and educational rights must become the guiding axes civil and political rights that they are not empty in practice. Definitively, it tries to articulate the central elements for a pedagogy of the human rights.
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Potriquet, Ghislain Pierre-Yves. "Implementing the American bilingual tradition : an assessment of the last four decades". Recherches anglaises et nord-américaines 42, n.º 1 (2009): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ranam.2009.1377.
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Implementing the American bilingual tradition : an assessment of the last four decades This article reviews the implementation of American language policies over the past forty years ; its main purpose is to gain a better insight into American citizenship, that is, to determine the extent to which it deserves to be considered multicultural. After examining the cases of bilingual education and voting rights for citizens with an insufficient knowledge of English, it discusses the determinants for these policies. Born out of the Civil Rights movement, American language policies are shaped by their institutional setting and, above all, by the civic understanding of American citizenship : consequently, they tend to put greater emphasis on unity, although they do not shut all doors for the politics of diversity.
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Hepburn, Eve. "Is There a Scottish Approach to Citizenship? Rights, Participation and Belonging in Scotland". European Yearbook of Minority Issues Online 13, n.º 1 (22 de maio de 2016): 195–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116117_01301010.
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Had Scotland voted for independence in September 2014, it would have gained all the paraphernalia of statehood, including full rights over citizenship. But despite the “no”, can we still detect a Scottish citizenship without the machinery of statehood? This article examines Scotland’s ability to influence citizenship and migration policy from two perspectives. First, from a legal perspective, it examines the Scottish government’s limited control over citizenship, nationality and migration legislation, although it has a broader scope to develop its own approach to migrant integration. Next, the article considers citizenship from a broader political and sociological perspective, focusing on the extent to which the three facets of citizenship identified by Marshall in 1950—civil, social and political rights—have been decentralized with the creation of the Scottish Parliament. Finally, the article examines the ways in which the Scottish approach to citizenship has diverged from the uk (English) approach.
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Greer, Scott L., e Holly Jarman. "European Citizenship Rights and European Fiscal Politics After the Crisis". Government and Opposition 53, n.º 1 (9 de março de 2016): 76–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gov.2016.2.
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The economic effects of the financial crisis in the eurozone have been much studied, but the impact of political and institutional changes made amidst crisis conditions have been less studied. This article examines the changes in the EU since 2008 through the lens of T.H. Marshall’s concept of citizenship, gauging the effects of different changes in the EU polity on the citizenship rights of individuals. The key changes are in fiscal governance, which includes a new treaty as well as substantial legislation changing the balance of powers within and competencies of the EU institutions, the European Central Bank’s role and the Troika arrangements for countries in crisis. We find that while the EU’s contribution to civil citizenship in Europe is relatively intact, the development of its fiscal governance is bringing serious negative consequences for political and social citizenship in all member states. The EU is adopting policies that entrust more power to less democratically accountable institutions with the objective of fiscal rigour rather than social citizenship.
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Sturm, Circe. "Race, Sovereignty, and Civil Rights: Understanding the Cherokee Freedmen Controversy". Cultural Anthropology 29, n.º 3 (11 de agosto de 2014): 575–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14506/ca29.3.07.
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Despite a treaty in 1866 between the Cherokee Nation and the federal government granting them full tribal citizenship, Cherokee Freedmen—the descendants of African American slaves to the Cherokee, as well as of children born from unions between African Americans and Cherokee tribal members—continue to be one of the most marginalized communities within Indian Country. Any time Freedmen have sought the full rights and benefits given other Cherokee citizens, they have encountered intense opposition, including a 2007 vote that effectively ousted them from the tribe. The debates surrounding this recent decision provide an excellent case study for exploring the intersections of race and sovereignty. In this article, I use the most recent Cherokee Freedmen controversy to examine how racial discourse both empowers and diminishes tribal sovereignty, and what happens in settler-colonial contexts when the exercise of tribal rights comes into conflict with civil rights. I also explore how settler colonialism as an analytic can obscure the racialized power dynamics that undermine Freedmen claims to an indigenous identity and tribal citizenship.
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Majka-Rostek, Dorota. "Prawa mniejszości seksualnych w Polsce". Forum Socjologiczne 8 (24 de abril de 2018): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2083-7763.8.11.
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Sexual minorities’ rights in PolandThe article covers actions of Polish LGBT movement and the situation of non-heterosexual people in Polish society. These issues are put in a context of problematics of civil rights, part of which sexual rights are. The introduction to the article serves as a short presentation of the concept of sexual citizenship. Afterwards, the history of LGBT activists’ organisational work in Poland is outlined, here presented as a fight for three fundamental rights: right to form registered partnerships, right to thorough education and right to protection against discrimination and hate speech. For over 25 years those demands remain intact, since none of these rights has been guaranteed to sexual minorities yet.
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Chen, Hung-Ju, e Po-Han Lee. "Doing Rights, Making Citizens". Amicus Curiae 5, n.º 2 (1 de março de 2024): 295–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.14296/ac.v5i2.5684.
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How does the right to education inform respect for citizenship rights, where school education becomes a site of contestation over democracy? Drawing on a review of all documents produced during international reviews of Taiwan’s implementation of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and interviews with members of high-school student governments, in this article, we demonstrate how local educational systems negotiate to meet international child rights standards. We further argue that experiences of being involved in student governments and human rights review processes empower the students, informing them of a future where they feel relevant and responsible in networking and decision-making. Keywords: civil and political rights; Convention on the Rights of the Child; education reform; right to education; school government; Taiwan.
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Houeland, Camilla. "The social contract and industrial citizenship: Nigerian trade unions’ role in the recurring fuel subsidy protests". Africa 92, n.º 5 (novembro de 2022): 860–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972022000523.
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AbstractThis article brings new perspectives on state–citizen relations in African petro-states by analysing the role of Nigerian trade unions in the recurring fuel subsidy protests. Nigerian trade unions have played an instrumental role in protests against fuel subsidy removals since the mid-1980s, most recently in the massive 2012 protest known as ‘Occupy Nigeria’. Based on the idea that the fuel subsidy forms part of a social contract in Nigeria, and through revisiting T. H. Marshall’s seminal work on citizenship and industrial citizenship, I propose that the protests are sites for popular assertions of broader citizenship, as people rally behind the fuel subsidy as a social right and affirm political rights to participate and civil rights to bargain. This article further argues that the trade unions act as a mediator between state and citizens – that is, embedded in their industrial citizenship with collective forms of representation, organizing and bargaining. In this way, Nigerian trade unions have kept their relevance for workers and beyond, despite eroded labour rights. However, this social contract is fragile, contextual and contradictory, and the mediating role of the unions carries challenges and ambiguities, which became particularly clear in the 2012 protest.
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Hasani, Abdolhossin. "Ways to Defend Citizenship Rights in Civil Law of the Islamic Republic of Iran and Republic of Tajikistan". Journal of Politics and Law 10, n.º 1 (29 de dezembro de 2016): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v10n1p234.
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Given enforceable rules and regulations that govern the relations of individuals in society, two kinds of rights can be derived: private and public. When we speak about the citizen and his/her rights, we mean a set of private and public law that governs social relationships. In fact, expression of citizenship rights means that every person enjoys as being a citizen of a country. The importance of the citizenship rights is to the extent that is closely related to place the rule of finds and even some experts believe that a society in which the rights of citizens and the relationship between people and government falters cannot be established. Guarantee of the fundamental rights of citizens, primarily implies by inserting these rights in the constitution of every country act. In other words, it takes an effective step in the process of constitution rule of law, freedom and enjoyment of facilities and take citizenship. But we must consider the fact that the protection and safeguarding of the rights of individual citizens is on the shoulders of all powers and government agencies that have the necessary measures to protect the rights of citizens. Besides, their executive units operate in all administrative formalities the rights of citizens and legal and in the case of not conforming citizens' rights are not overwhelm the device government should have a competent judicial authorities that the rights of individuals against the government defend the principles of a fair trial. So the fundamental rights of citizens included in the constitution and other laws, required to comply with these rights by the state, there is a competent judicial body that complaints about violation of their people by governmental agencies and monitor governmental bodies are responsible in this regard. All of them are standards implementation and guarantee of the rights of citizenship in a democratic society. Comparative analysis of compliance standards in the legal system of Iran and Tajikistan is a major point of discussion at the end, to recognizing the strengths and weaknesses of both countries and richer the implementation and monitoring of the implementation of the rights to use the experiences of the countries.
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Spink, Peter. "The rights approach to local public management: experiences from Brazil". Revista de Administração de Empresas 40, n.º 3 (setembro de 2000): 45–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-75902000000300006.
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The Fundação Getulio Vargas, São Paulo, Public Management and Citizenship Program was set up in 1996 with Ford Foundation support to identify and disseminate Brazilian subnational government initiatives in service provision that have a direct effect on citizenship. Already, the program has 2,500 different experiences in its data bank, the results of four annual cycles. The article draws some initial conclusions about the possibilities of a rights-based approach to public management and about the engagement of other agencies and civil society organizations.
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Kaczorowski, Robert J. "To Begin the Nation Anew: Congress, Citizenship, and Civil Rights after the Civil War". American Historical Review 92, n.º 1 (fevereiro de 1987): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1862782.
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