Bibliografias temáticas / Cities and towns, ancient – congresses

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Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Cities and towns, ancient – congresses"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 25 de julho de 2024
Última modificação: 31 de julho de 2024

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Cities and towns, ancient – congresses"

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Zhou, Hong, Guo Zheng Wu e Dong Xiang Hu. "A Study on the Evolution Rule and Culture Analysis of the Spatial Form of Ancient Towns in Yuanshui River Basin". Applied Mechanics and Materials 522-524 (fevereiro de 2014): 1684–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.522-524.1684.

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The drainage basin of Hunan Yuan River is mysterious because of its multi-ethnic culture. A lot of cities and towns were built along the Yuanshui River because of its convenience in water transportation. Yuanshui River is a complete, unique, diverse and an inseparable group culture system with a series of features like environment complexity, multi-culture integration and long history. This article aims at providing a reference to the construction of modern cities and towns in this drainage basin through a thorough study on the evolution rule of the form of the historical cities and towns along Yuanshui River and a study on the unique multi-ethnic culture features that influenced the form of the ancient towns.
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Jia, Yuan Yuan, e Jian Yu. "Current Preservation and Development State of Traditional Changzhen (Old Towns)’ Landscape Features". Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (outubro de 2012): 310–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.310.

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Old towns is like living fossil which has accumulated rich historical connotations; the one carrying the history of a region’ political, economic, cultural and ecological changes as well as the formative art created by collective labors and wisdoms of generations. The preservation of ancient Chinese dwellings and old towns began late; many historical architectures and traditional country fairs are forcibly removed during the transformation of old cities and towns, thus ancient towns with their original historical looks are becoming less and less. In comparison, the preservation and development of old western towns started earlier than china, with rich experience, they offer good examples for china, especially the successful developing way: eco-tourism. By comparing the preservation and development of traditional Chinese towns’ landscape features to that of western ones, this paper points out that the future development of old towns rely on proper handling of the relation between preserving and the feasibility of renewing, so as to maintain the landscape features of old towns in the course of sustainable development.
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Mlacović, Dušan, Marija Mogorović Crljenko e Danijela Doblanović Šuran. "Istrian and Dalmatian Towns – Urban Space and the Elites". Povijesni prilozi 38, n.º 56 (2019): 157–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22586/pp.v56i1.8965.

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The authors focus on the issue of urban elites in two Adriatic cities, Rab and Rovinj, which differ in their origins and development alike. Rab is an ancient civitas, while Rovinj was classified as a terra in the Venetian administrative system. The two cities also differ in the amount of their preserved written sources. Whereas the medieval sources for Rovinj are only sporadic, for Rab there are a number of notarial books from the late Middle Ages, which allows for a different approach to the spatial identification of urban elites than in Rovinj’s case. Based on the available sources, the paper compares the development, significance, and status of urban elites in both cities
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Zhi, Jian Ren. "Study on the Traditional Style and Protection of the Historical Street in Dingzhou City". World Construction 6, n.º 1 (2 de maio de 2017): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18686/wc.v6i1.91.

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The level of urbanization is not high in the small towns and economic development is still the primary goal of such cities. The primary industry and the secondary industry are the main pillars of the industrial structure. The historical and cultural protection and utilization have not been taken seriously. China has thousands of years of splendid history of civilization, while traces of historical accumulation can be easily found in every city. The different characteristics of the historical styles can be seen in many small towns and in tier four and five cities. Dingzhou is located in the middle of Hebei Province with heritage of Zhongshan culture. Dingzhou has rebuilt many times as a capital and set as state government in many generations and dynasties. History of the river in Dingzhou ancient city has played an important role. The structure of the Dingzhou ancient street plays a main function where all the other main cities. Development of Dingzhou City should be taken seriously as the focus of the development of urban culture. This article mainly analyzes and discusses the related aspects of the traditional style protection of the historical streets of the central city of Dingzhou.
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RAJA, SURESHA. "Glimpses of Ancient Indian Town Planning for Building Modern Heritage Cities". Dev Sanskriti Interdisciplinary International Journal 7 (31 de janeiro de 2016): 07–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36018/dsiij.v7i0.71.

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Ancient Indians had a good architectural knowledge that is evident from the various temples, palaces, forts and other monuments seen spread all around the country. With vast urban population and pilgrim centers, the knowledge of town planning was to be very effective and the ancient Indians enunciated the rules of town planning in their ancient architectural treatises. Glimpses of these features are also to be found in earlier archaeological finds, texts belonging to the Vedic, Epic and Purānic periods. The features of various cities and town planning aspects dealt in these texts are first briefly described that serve as a model for developing Modern Heritage cities. Since hundred Indian cities are soon going to be developed as ‘Smart-Cities’, it would be apt and imperative to discuss the concept of Heritage-Cities as well. Just as the Smart-Cities would be the torchbearers of future growth; Heritage-Cities connect us to our glorious past. Thus, in this paper, humble efforts are made to identify and recognize the valuable factors that contribute to enhance the charm of Heritage-Cities giving a brief overview of earlier Town planning features from ancient Indian texts. Ancient Indians had a well planned system of building villages, towns, intricate drainage, water supply systems, markets, palaces, households and public spaces that are evident from archeological and literary sources. The features mentioned in Vedic, epic and post-Vedic literature could serve as a model for modern town planning, for harmonious living with nature.
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Ziółkowska-Weiss, Kamila, Mariusz Szubert e Karol Bożek. "Heritage of the Ancient Rome as a Theme of Cultural Tourism in the Authors’ Route in the Rhineland". Perspektywy Kultury 37, n.º 2 (12 de junho de 2022): 111–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.35765/pk.2022.3702.09.

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This article pertains to the heritage of the ancient Rome in the Western European cities as a theme of cultural tourism. The main objective is to describe this heritage and to present it as a tourist value of particularly high historical and cultural worth. The main goal is to develop the authors’ concept of a cultural heritage route named the Rhineland Route of the Roman Civilization that includes 11 cities where 30 selected monuments of legacy of the ancient Roman civilization have been depicted. A cartographic method, namely the signature one, has been applied in the article. It was used to mark, among other locations, towns with Roman roots on a map of the Rhineland, showing a proposed route through the ancient Roman monuments. The heritage of the ancient Rome can serve to raise historical and cultural awareness at many levels – from local and regional to international ones. This historical legacy has a real impact on the tourist attractiveness in all the characterised cities, being well-adapted and attractively developed for tourist use.
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Aydingün, Şengül. "Between two continents queen of cities’s “Constantinopolis: new discoveries”". Journal of Historical Archaeology & Anthropological Sciences 8, n.º 2 (1 de agosto de 2023): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jhaas.2023.08.00281.

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In the last 20 years, rescue excavations in modern Istanbul have revealed new discoveries about the past of Constantinople, the new capital of Ancient Rome. In 2004, the Istanbul Archaeological Museums Directorate carried out salvage excavations at the points where Istanbul's underground transportation network metro stations were planned, and the surprising finds that started with the discovery of Theodosius harbor continued with 38 ancient shipwrecks. The Istanbul Archaeological Survey in the west of Istanbul also uncovered the ancient harbors, ancient towns, castles, fortresses, dams and many other structures in 2007. The new finds shed light on the relationship of Constantinople, the Queen of Cities, with its immediate surroundings. In this part of the book, the harbours established on the western periphery of the capital.
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Yatsenko, Vitalii. "The monograph by D. Y. Samokvasov “Ancient towns of Russia” (1873) in the light of criticism of F. I. Leontovich". Universum Historiae et Archeologiae 4, n.º 1 (25 de dezembro de 2021): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/26210404.

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The purpose of the article: to analyze the scientific controversy between F. Leontovich and D. Samokvasov, which arose on the monograph of D. Samokvasov “Ancient cities of Russia” (St. Petersburg, 1873). Research methods: analytical, historical, biographical, problematic-historiographic, descriptive. Main results: the beginning of the scientific controversy between D. Samokvasov and F. Leontovich, which arose over D. Samokvasov’s monograph “Ancient Cities of Russia” (St. Petersburg, 1873), was laid by a review written by F. Leontovich. According to the reviewer, D. Samokvasov’s doctrine of the historical development of the concept of the city was marked by confusion of concepts and definitions. F. Leontovych considered the author’s position on the historical origin and role of ancient Russian positions to be based on incorrectly interpreted historical evidence. Among the reasons he named complete ignorance of historical facts or simple disregard of them. The reviewer considered the first chapter of the monograph devoted to determining the number of towns in Ancient Russia the best part of the work, but, in his opinion, the author stopped halfway, he did not explain exactly what these cities were – simple fortifications or fortified points of people’s settlement. D. Samokvasov’s own views on the time of the initial emergence of cities and on the historical development of popular settlements in Russia, considered in the second chapter of the monograph, without exception, generated, as F. Leontovich believed, doubts, misunderstandings and controversial points. The reviewer did not agree with the author’s statement that the city was a center of community unity, and that with its appearance began a transitional period between the forms of patrimonial way of life and community-state life. The main thesis proposed by D. Samokvasov’s theory that in the pre-Moscow period in Russia urban life prevailed everywhere, and rural began to prevail only in the 16th century, F. Leontovich declared to be based only on questionable or misunderstood historical evidences. In addition to criticism of the main provisions of D. Samokvasov’s conceptual scheme, the reviewer presented his own understanding of this topic. In response to the review by F. Leontovich, D. Samokvasov did not agree with his criticism. He stated that the reviewer had neglected the true content of the monograph and therefore could hardly write a thorough, useful scientific review. D. Samokvasov believed that his research deserved a more thorough study and more serious and just estimation. In his reply to D. Samokvasov F. Leontovich criticized his polemic tricks and did not reject any of his critical remarks. The original continuation of this scientific discussion was the monograph by D. Samokvasov “Severian Land and Severians on the Towns and Burial Grounds”, published in 1908. After thirty years the researcher categorically declared that it is impossible to refute fundamentally the conclusions of his theory, because they are based on irrefutable factual material. D. Samokvasov called the scientific theory of his opponents unsubstantiated. Practical significance: the received results can be used in training courses and generalizing works on the history of Ukraine and its historiography, especially on the historiography and history of the ancient Russian city. Originality: scientific polemic between F. Leontovich and D. Samokvasov concerning the monography “Ancient cities of Russia” is systemized and analyzed. Scientific novelty: the scientific polemic between F. Leontovich and D. Samokvasov concerning the monography “Ancient cities of Russia” is thoroughly and as much as possible comprehensively opened and analyzed. Type of article: research.
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Ossa, Alanna, Michael E. Smith e José Lobo. "THE SIZE OF PLAZAS IN MESOAMERICAN CITIES AND TOWNS: A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS". Latin American Antiquity 28, n.º 4 (10 de outubro de 2017): 457–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/laq.2017.49.

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We present quantitative data on population size and plaza area in three groups of ancient Mesoamerican settlements: a sample of 30 Late Postclassic cities and towns from throughout Mesoamerica and two regional settlement systems from the Classic period, including south-central Veracruz (the Mixtequilla) and the Palenque region. Plaza size scales with population in a sublinear relationship in all three groups, meaning that larger settlements had considerably less plaza area per capita than smaller settlements. These results suggest that the currently popular interpretation drawn from Classic Maya archaeology that plazas were places designed to hold the entire urban population for passive viewing of spectacles may be incomplete. We argue that the observed quantitative relationships between population and plaza area support the notion that plazas were designed to be used for a variety of purposes—including several types of ceremonies and marketplaces—held at different times following a regular schedule.
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Noori, Mohammad Qasem. "The Study of the History and Development of Ancient Cities around the world". Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies 4, n.º 4 (17 de novembro de 2022): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jhsss.2022.4.4.24.

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Cities first appeared between 6000 and 5000 B.C., but they were mostly based on Neolithic agrarian society. Later, with the development of the plough, the wheel-cart, the boat, metallic utensils, etc., and the system of watering fields, the Nile, Tigris, Euphrates, and Indus valleys began the production of excess food grains. As a result, a social structure developed in which some social classes, including societies of traders, artisans, and religious leaders, could seize some of the crops that the peasants produced. These groups relocated to urban areas to engage in non-agricultural occupations. Thus, a culture of certain groups with the ability for writing and accounting, as well as knowledge of the solar calendar and bureaucracy, arose in the river basins. There is evidence that the town cult first appeared around 3000 B.C. After this, the ancient urban process stopped for almost 2000 years. Ancient towns experienced eclipses.
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Mais fontes

Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Cities and towns, ancient – congresses"

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Tourovets, Alexandre. "Du village à la ville Evolution de l'organisation de l'espace villageois collectif en Syrie - Mésopotamie du VIIème au IVème millénaire /". Villeneuve d'Ascq : Presses universitaires du Septentrion, 2000. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/43860596.html.

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Falconer, Steven Edward. "Heartland of villages: Reconsidering early urbanism in the southern Levant". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184296.

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Archaeological studies of early civilizations in southwestern Asia concentrate on the evolution of urbanism and the state, and generally assume that cities were the foci of complex societies. However, some early civilizations may represent largely extinct forms of complex, but essentially rural, society. Archaeological concepts of urbanism and urbanization are reviewed and critiqued. Rural communities are defined as agriculturally self-sufficient, while cities have populations too large for independent agricultural subsistence. Ethnographic and historical data are used to propose size classifications for ancient "urban" and "rural" settlements in Mesopotamia and the southern Levant. Survey data show that Mesopotamia is characterized aptly as a "Heartland of Cities," in which urban centers restructured regional settlement systems. The southern Levant is reconsidered as a "Heartland of Villages," in which Bronze Age populations grew, and social complexity developed, primarily in the countryside with little urban influence. The nature of this "rural complexity" is illuminated by excavated data from Tell el-Hayyat and Tell Abu en-Niᶜaj in the Jordan Valley. Niᶜaj suggests the importance of sedentary rural agriculture during the otherwise "pastoralized" Early Bronze IV Period. Middle Bronze II temples at Hayyat, a diminutive village site, exemplify social institutions normally interpreted as "urban" in distinctly rural settings. Neutron activation analysis is used to investigate rural pottery manufacture and exchange in the Jordan Valley. A brief excursus proposes a means of distinguishing trace element signatures of clays from those of non-clay inclusions in archaeological ceramics. This revised method reveals that some villages specialized in fine ware production during the absence of towns in Early Bronze IV, and that fine ware production continued in villages despite the reappearance of towns in Middle Bronze II. Thus, economic and social differentiation had characteristically rural manifestations, and Bronze Age society in the southern Levant should be reconsidered as a distinct and provocative case of "rural complexity" in a "Heartland of Villages."
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Eilers, Claude. "Roman patrons of Greek cities /". Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford University Press, 2002. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0615/2003276954-d.html.

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McKechnie, Paul. "Greeks outside the πόλις in the fourth century B.C". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c4a32b72-db12-41a0-a813-0519fa4145e2.

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This thesis examines Greeks who in the fourth century B.C. did not live in the sovereign city- and town-sized communities in which most inhabitants of South Greece spent their lives. In it I argue that the number of Greeks living outside these communities increased very significantly during this period. I examine what Greek cities were destroyed and what Greek cities were founded in the fourth century, considering wherever possible how many Greeks are likely to have been added to or taken from the number of stateless Greeks by these destructions and foundations. I argue that until Alexander the Great and Timoleon began large programmes of settlement in the East and West respectively, there were probably many more Greeks losing their city homes than finding new ones (and that this is in contrast to the position before 400 B.C.). I consider the increasing numbers of Greek mercenaries, pirates, skilled workers and traders. Though people of widely differing kinds entered these occupations, I suggest that the way in which they all grew simultaneously in the fourth century indicates that the movement towards living outside cities was not entirely a response to difficult political circumstances in cities. Though some who were outside cities were so perforce, nevertheless an ideology which treated loosening of city ties as normal was being developed and was contrary to the established ideology whereby πόλις life was definitive of normal Greek life. I suggest that the availability of a large number of people with specialist skills from soldiering to diplomatic and literary skills created a world fit for Hellenistic Kings to live in. They could easily find recruits for their armies and courts. This contributes to explaining how Alexander and his Successors managed to conquer and subdue all Greece, which no power had previously done.
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Wilkins, Helen. "The evolution of the built environment : complexity, human agency and thermal performance". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2006. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/29246.

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The thermal environments created by buildings provide the context within which social life operates. Adjustable built environments generate diverse thermal conditions. That is, they possess the thermal capacity to produce enhanced levels of thermal choices and thermal control. Classes and assemblages of buildings that generate diverse thermal environments will increase the range of social options that the building milieu can accommodate, compared with less adjustable classes and assemblages, because they are more readily able to accommodate changing social options and circumstances. A relationship therefore exists between the thermal operational adjustability (combining thermal choices and thermal control) associated with classes of buildings and the capacity for operational adjustability possessed by communities. This means that a class of building or an assemblage of buildings, eg. a ‘pueblo’ form, that provides a highly adjustable milieu is more likely to be occupied for longer periods of time, because it can accommodate more internal social changes prior to undergoing a system—level alteration into a different class of building or settlement. Conversely, an inflexible building milieu is more likely to be occupied for shorter periods of time prior to a system-level alteration, in which change will be observed in the class of building or settlement.
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Underwood, Douglas R. "Using and reusing the monumental past in the late antique Mediterranean West, 300-600". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7323.

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Scholarship on late antique cities has largely conceptualized them as singular entities, either decaying or transitioning as Roman imperial power and economic structures shifted. Improved archaeological data from urban sites, accompanied by a number of broad synthetic studies, now allow for fresh exploration of the details of urbanism in this transformative era. This study examines the ways that a select group of public buildings were used and reused in the Mediterranean West between 300 and 600 CE. This examination is primarily carried out through the collection of a broad catalogue of archaeological evidence (supplemented with epigraphic and literary testimony) for the constructions, work projects, abandonments and reuses of key public monuments across the Western Mediterranean region—principally Italy, southern Gaul, Spain, and North Africa west of Cyrenaica. This broad survey is augmented with case studies on select cities. Such an analysis of the late antique histories of baths, aqueducts, and spectacle buildings (theaters, amphitheaters, and circuses) shows that each of the building types had a distinct history and that public monuments were not a unitary group. It also reveals unexpectedly few regional trends, suggesting that these histories were broadly common across the West. Further, this study shows that each building type was reused differently, both in terms of purposes and chronology. Finally, by considering economic, technological, cultural and legal factors affecting patterns of use, abandonment and reuse, this study establishes that the primary cause for the transformations to public building was largely a change in euergetistic practices in late antiquity. Cities with access to imperial or other governmental patronage used and maintained their public monuments longer than those without. Together these observations demonstrate the complexities of urban change in this period and prove that the idea of a single pattern of decline in late antique cities is no longer tenable.
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Viviers, Didier. "Les cités crétoises aux VIe et Ve siècles avant notre ère: contribution à l'étude de l'Etat en Grèce aux époques archaïque et classique". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213061.

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Bispham, Edward. "From Asculum to Actium : the municipalization of Italy from the Social War to Augustus /". Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press, 2009. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=018719044&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Hardenberg, Benedict Ralph. "City centres of the apostle Paul". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52732.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2002
On title page: Master of Philosophy (Bible Skills)
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The apostle Paul was called and commissioned to the city centres of the eastern Mediterranean world. These city centres were places of power, trade, wealth and travel. They were the nerve centres of civilisation in the East. People from various parts of the Roman Empire were found in these major cities. The city was therefore a highly significant institution in the Roman Empire. The governing authorities wanted hellenization and romanization to spread from these cities. The Christian leaders also decided that Christianity had to spread in the Roman Empire from its city centres. The apostle Paul's Christian mission was therefore to the various cities in the Roman Empire. The sociohistorical realities in these cities therefore formed the context of Paul's life and apostolic work and determined his relation to a city. The political, social, cultural and religious factors in a city could therefore impinge on his life and work. The apostle Paul was usually drawn to these large cities where he could find Jewish communities. As Christianity was resting on a Jewish foundation, his initial strategy was his work in the synagogues amongst the Jews. Paul also needed an alternative venue for his Christian work in the city. These alternate venues were usually the private homes of individuals who had become Christians. In these homes Paul established his church in a city. The hosts in these homes would usually become the benefactors and leaders in the church. Paul's apostolic work in a city was also done in the city streets. His church therefore became thoroughly mixed in terms of social status, however, the church gave all equal rights and privileges. When Paul left a city, he also placed on them the responsibility to reach their surrounding regions and provinces with the Christian message. These cities therefore had to be strategically located. The apostle Paul chose five specific cities that had an advantageous geographical position in the Roman provinces to complete his apostolic work in the eastern Mediterranean world.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die apostel Paulus was geroep en opgedrag vir die stedelike sentrums van die ooste Middellandse wereld. Hierdie stedelike sentrums was plekke van invloedryke mag, ekonomiese handel, rykdom en reis aktiwitiete. Hulle was ook die kern van menslike beskawing in die Ooste. Bevolkings groepe vanuit verskeie dele van die Romeinse ryk was in hierdie groot stede te vinde. Stede was 'n hoogs betekensvolle instelling in die Romeinse ryk. Die politieke owerhede wou he dat hellenization en romanization moes sprei van hierdie stede. Die Christelike leiers het ook besluit dat Christendom moes in die stede van die Romeinse ryk sprei. Die apostel Paulus se Christelike sending was dus tot die verskillende stede in die Romeinse ryk. Die sosio-historiese realiteite in hierdie stede was die samehang van Paulus se apostoliese werk en het ook sy verhouding met die betrokke stede bepaal. Die politieke, maatskaplike, kulturele en godsdienstige faktore in 'n stad kon dus 'n invloed uitoefen op sy lewe en werk. Paulus was gewoonlik aangetrokke tot hierdie groot stede waar Joodse gemeenskappe te vinde was. Aangesien Christendom in die Joodse geloof gegrondves was, was sy aanvanklike strategie om sy werk te loots in sinagoge waar Joode te vinde was. Paulus het ook 'n alternatiewe ontmoetings plek vir sy Christelike werk in die stede nodig gehad. Hierdie alternatiewe ontmoetingsplekke was gewoonlik in die huise van indiwidue wat Christene geword het. Die eienaar van hierdie huishouding het gedien as gasheer, weldoener en leier in die kerk. Paulus het ook sy apostoliese werk voortgesit in die stedelike strate. Sy kerke het as gevolg hiervan 'n gemende samelewing status gehad, nogtans het hy gepoog om alle Christene gelykwaardig te stel. Wanneer Paulus 'n stad verlaat het, het hy het ook aan hulle die verantwoordelikheid gegee om uit te reik na hulomliggende streke en provinsies met die Christen boodskap. Hierdie stede moes dus strategies gelee wees. Paulus het vyf spesifieke stede wat 'n voordelig geologiese posisie in die Romeinse provinsies uitgeken om sy apostoliese werk te voltooi in die ooste Middellandse wereld.
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Schuler, Christof. "Ländliche Siedlungen und Gemeinden im hellenistischen und römischen Kleinasien". München : C.H. Beck, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb370300317.

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Livros sobre o assunto "Cities and towns, ancient – congresses"

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Deutsch-Italienisches Kolloquium (1989 Italienisches Kulturinstitut Köln). Die Stadt in Oberitalien und in den nordwestlichen Provinzen des Römischen Reiches: Deutsch-Italienisches Kolloquium im Italienischen Kulturinstitut Köln. Mainz am Rhein: P. von Zabern, 1991.

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Università degli studi di Trieste. Dipartimento di scienze dell'antichità. e Ecole française de Rome, eds. La Città nell'Italia settentrionale in età romana: Morfologie, strutture e funzionamento dei centri urbani delle Regiones X e XI : atti del convegno organizzato dal Dipartimento di scienze dell'antichità dell'Università di Trieste e dall'Ecole française de Rome, Trieste, 13-15 marzo 1987. Trieste: Università di Trieste, 1990.

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Germany) Kolloquium "Urbanitas--Urbane Qualitäten" (2012 Munich. Urbanitas - urbane Qualitäten: Die antike Stadt als kulturelle Selbstverwirklichung : Kolloquium 19.-21. Dezember 2012 in München, Kommission zur Erforschung des Antiken Städtewesens der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mainz: Verlag des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums, 2017.

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Raymond, Chevallier. Les espaces clos dans l'urbanisme et l'architecture en Gaule romaine et dans les régions voisines: Hommage à Raymond Chevallier. Limoges: PULIM, 2006.

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Seminario internazionale Archai (5th 2008 Brasília, Brazil). Pensare la città antica: Categorie e rappresentazioni. Casoria (NA) [i.e. Naples, Italy]: Loffredo University Press, 2010.

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Anthony, Molho, Raaflaub Kurt A, Emlen Julia, Association of Ancient Historians e Thomas J. Watson, Jr. Institute for International Studies (Brown University), eds. City states in classical antiquity and medieval Italy. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1991.

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Italy) Convegno internazionale "La città romana imperiale" (2017 Basilicata. Roman imperial cities in the East and in Central-Southern Italy. Roma: "L'Erma" di Bretschneider, 2019.

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(Uwe), Gross U., Kottmann Aline, Scheschkewitz Jonathan, Brenner Dorothee e Gesellschaft für Archäologie in Württemberg und Hohenzollern, eds. Frühe Pfalzen, frühe Städte: Neue Forschungen zu zentralen Orten des Früh- und Hochmittelalters in Süddeutschland und der Nordschweiz : Ergebnisse eines Kolloquiums am 28. und 29. April 2009 im Rathaus zu Ulm. Esslingen: Gesellschaft für Archäologie in Württemberg und Hohenzollern, 2009.

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International, Economic History Congress (10th 1990 Louvain Belgium). The town as regional economic centre in the ancient Near East: Session B-16 : proceedings, Tenth International Economic History Congress, Leuven, August 1990. Leuven: Leuven University Press, 1990.

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1912-, Martin Roland, e Greco Emanuele, eds. Architettura, urbanistica, società, nel mondo antico: Giornata di studi in ricordo di Roland Martin, Paestum, 21 febbraio 1998. Paestum, Sa [i.e. Salerno]: Pandemos, 2001.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Cities and towns, ancient – congresses"

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Gates, Charles, e Andrew Goldman. "Aegean Bronze Age towns and cities". In Ancient Cities, 129–50. 3a ed. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429278815-9.

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Gates, Charles, e Andrew Goldman. "Neolithic towns and villages in the Near East". In Ancient Cities, 15–32. 3a ed. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429278815-3.

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Faust, Avraham. "Cities and Towns in Ancient Israel (Bronze and Iron Ages)". In Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures, 1–12. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-3934-5_8505-2.

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Faust, Avraham. "Cities and Towns in Ancient Israel (Bronze and Iron Ages)". In Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures, 1207–16. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7747-7_8505.

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Sullivan, Elaine A. "The Senses & the Sacred: A Multisensory and Digital Approach to Examining an Ancient Egyptian Funerary Landscape". In Capturing the Senses, 37–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23133-9_3.

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AbstractWhat makes a space feel sacred? How did ancient people create a physical and emotional ‘sense’ of specialness or distinction in their ritual places? The ancient Egyptians created at least two major zones of ritualised space (demarcated from the secular parts of their cities and towns), the temple and the cemetery. While scholars have addressed the multisensory techniques utilised by kings and priests to craft the temple precinct into a sacred landscape, the sensory experience of the necropolis remains undertheorized. This gap results from the challenge of comprehending the vast funerary landscapes that have experienced dramatic change since ancient times, changes which have obscured ancient ground level and pathways as well as dramatically altered the appearance of monumental tomb architecture. In this chapter, I combine textual, art historical, and archaeological evidence for the sounds, smells, and visual experiences of ancient people at an Egyptian necropolis with 3D GIS technologies that attempt to virtually represent ancient ritual spaces in their form during the Pharaonic Period. The necropolis of Saqqara, bordering the administrative centre Memphis and one of Egypt’s oldest elite burial grounds, is used as a case study to explore the ancient Egyptian funerary landscape from a multisensory perspective.
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Mieroop, Marc Van De. "City and Society in Ancient Mesopotamia". In The Ancient Mesopotamian City, 1–22. Oxford University PressOxford, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198150626.003.0001.

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Abstract These words by Austen Henry Layard standing on Tell Afar in northern Iraq announced the birth of modern Western exploration in ancient Mesopotamia, and identify what is most striking about this region. The innumerable mounds scattered throughout the countryside of modern-day Iraq and northern Syria cover the remains of myriad ancient cities and towns, many of which survived for hundreds, if not thousands of years. Mesopotamia was not only the oldest urban civilization, but also the most urbanized society of antiquity. From the mid-fourth millennium BC onwards, cities were in existence in Babylonia (southern Mesopotamia), and despite many vicissitudes they never disappeared entirely from the land-scape. Urbanism may have emerged only later in Assyria (northern Mesopotamia), but soon some Assyrian cities became gigantic in extent. At their most flourishing, the most important Mesopotamian cities dwarfed their contemporaries in the rest of the ancient world, to the amazement of Greeks, such as Aristotle, who could not consider Babylon to be a city, but only as the equivalent of a nation because of its enormous dimensions. The dense concentration of Mesopotamian cities was also unparalleled; large urban centres lay within sight of one another.
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LERICHE, PIERRE. "Bactria, Land of a Thousand Cities". In After Alexander: Central Asia before Islam. British Academy, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197263846.003.0006.

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This chapter examines the history of the establishment of cities in Bactria. It explains that the creation of cities in Bactria is represented by Ai Khanum for the Hellenistic period and Termez for the Great Kushans. These two exceptional cities were deliberately created to integrate an ancient centre and they assumed the role of capital for a new age. The chapter suggests that their establishment was significantly influenced by political power and that they negatively affected other towns.
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Crouch, Dora P. "Greek Urbanization — Theoretical Issues". In Water Management in Ancient Greek Cities. Oxford University Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195072808.003.0014.

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Urbanization is a process that can be studied both historically and philosophically. The examination by case studies in these pages draws on architectural and art historical insights to illuminate the term “urbanization” as a process. Some theories of great current interest to classicists and ancient history experts are ignored here lest the digression into their arguments impede our concentration on evidence for water management. Rather, we may generalize in very simple terms from accumulated examples. A family selects a site and builds a house. Their grown sons and daughters form households and settle nearby. Friends come to live there too, and strangers arrive to trade or worship, and stay on. Gradually a small settlement with advantageous resources—human, physical, and cultural—prospers and becomes a town, even a city. It forms ties with other settlements and increases its prosperity by trade and cultural interaction. The city’s need for food, raw materials, and population has a strong impact on the countryside, so that other hamlets become towns in response to urban demands for their goods. Thus urbanization may be said to be a process. Growth and decay of urban centers are part of the same process. Once the process of city building is well underway, the resulting “package” of knowledge and behavior can be exported as a product. Greek colonization of the Mediterranean area was done by means of cities, a group of settlers carrying with them to the new place both the concept of city and the technological and political means to bring it into existence (see Fig. 3.1, selected Greek sites). Colonists were organized in one of several standard ways, to make a new urban place without going through a gradual process of social evolution and physical agglomeration. This set of activities is well described in A. J. Graham, Colony and Mothercity in Ancient Greece (1983), and in N. H. Demand, Urban Relocation in Archaic and Classical Greece (1990). In the general field of urban history and theory, we have the works of Vance, Hohenberg and Lees, Wheatley, and Pirenne. From them we learn how urbanization has been understood in the last two centuries.
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Crouch, Dora P. "Planning Water Management: Corinth and Syracuse". In Water Management in Ancient Greek Cities. Oxford University Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195072808.003.0021.

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The ancient Greeks could not afford inefficient and impractical cities. This one insight has guided my research ever since I attended the International Water Resources Association conference in Rome in 1986 and learned how concerned modern water engineers and policymakers are about careful utilization of water resources. We twentieth century Americans can afford waste, because we are both rich and spendthrift. But the ancients were living very close to the edge in an ecosystem that sustains human life only if it is carefully, respectfully managed. How successful they were in city site selection and in city building is evident from the fact that so many of their cities survived for such long times—Athens nearly 5000 years; the great capital Byzantium-Constantinople-Istanbul since the eighth century B.C., a lifespan of about 2800 years; and even obscure towns like Morgantina, Sicily, for 450 years. Given a hot and semiarid Mediterranean climate with rain only in the winter months, careful attention to water supply and distribution was essential for a Greek city. As long ago as the second millennium B.C., the Mycenaeans who lived in mainland Greece and the Minoans of Crete took great care of the water supply and drainage of their sites, using cisterns, wells, pipelines, rock-cut channels, and so on (Evans, 1964 reprint, vol. I, 103–05, 141–43, 333–36, 378–84, 389–98; Broneer,1939, 317–433; Mylonas 1966; Knaus, Heinrich, and Kalcyk, 1980). Because of the gap in the archaeological record, we cannot be sure whether any of their knowledge about water management survived the collapse of these civilizations and the 400 years or so of the “Dark Ages” that followed. Some ideas such as cisterns seem to be both so basic and so easy for a single family to execute, that it is likely their use persisted no matter how primitive conditions became. Others, such as the use of pressure pipes, seem to require a fairly sophisticated society and probably the existence of a group of architect-engineers to carry out the building process, and therefore we would not expect them to survive but to be independently re-invented when later Greek society reached technological sophistication.
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SEMYENOV, GRIGORY. "The Arrangement of Buildings in the Quarters of a Sogdian City". In After Alexander: Central Asia before Islam. British Academy, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197263846.003.0010.

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This chapter examines the pattern of arrangement of the buildings in ancient Sogdian towns. Recent archaeological excavations that identified the territorial units Paikend has made it possible to determine that early medieval towns in Sogdiana were not laid out like Greek cities or fortified Roman camps, but had a plan of separate quarters. The findings reveal that the streets in the towns served the purpose of linking different parts of the town and at the same time dividing it into separate quarters.
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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Cities and towns, ancient – congresses"

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Yi, Xiaoya. "Historical perspectiveness: characteristics identification and overall protection of historical cities from the perspective of spatial translation. Shipu, Zhejiang". In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/eihc6183.

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The rapid development of Chinese cities in the past three decades has caused the transformation of the structure of historical urban spaces, resulting in the fragmentation of historical environment and the blurring of historical pattern. This study proposes to use the epistemology of historical prescriptiveness to recognize the characteristics of urban historical environment, so as to effectively protect the city as a whole. Historical prescriptiveness refers to the spatialtemporal correlation effect in the process of urban historical environment change, which makes the current historical elements of the city present as a whole with hierarchy, structure and system. This kind of epistemology is most prominent in ancient maps. The schema-symbol relation can express the paradigm of traditional structure, the schema-symbol choice can express the order of multiple symbols, and the schema-symbol intention can express the meaning of camp city culture. Based on these potential criteria, this study summarizes the logical relations and existing forms of the old and new elements in urban space, and then explores the historical prescriptive content. The specific content of historical prescriptiveness is embodied in the following aspects: the implicit control of the historical pattern in spatial positioning, the transformation and recognition of historical elements in evolutionary comparison, and the inheritance and continuation of urban memory in the extraction of connotations. Taking the ancient city of Shipu in Zhejiang as an example, the study explores the characteristics of the ancient city of Shipu from three aspects: the succession of Haiphong’s fortification and city-port structure, the alienation of the texture of the ancient towns and streets of Jiangnan, the rejuvenation of the city with the reappearance of culture in eastern Zhejiang. Based on this case, this study proposes a holistic conservation idea of historical city in the modern context of "space and time compression".
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Menon, Arun. "Sustainable Development Goals and the Debate of Demolition Versus Conservation of Built Heritage in a Developing Economy". In IABSE Congress, New Delhi 2023: Engineering for Sustainable Development. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newdelhi.2023.0040.

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<p>Conservation of listed heritage buildings and infrastructure in a city or a town is typically mandated by byelaws and regulations in several states in India unless such properties are protected by central or state archaeology departments as national or state monuments under the AMASR Act (Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act). Although grading and listing may exist in some towns and cities, many heritage buildings and infrastructure are still not protected through necessary legislation. Whatever the legal status, under the growing pressures of infrastructure development and renewal in a developing economy such as ours, the debate between conservation and demolition is at an important crossroads. Application of guidelines developed in the western world (e.g., ICOMOS principles) may be debatable without due consideration of context, constraints, and aspirations in large developing economies.</p><p>What do the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 2030 have to say about conserving and revitalizing existing infrastructure, with or without cultural (or heritage) value? What is the basis for such an approach? And what are the criteria to verify whether it is logical to conserve or to demolish and redesign and rebuild. How should we consider the tangible and intangible elements of built heritage? The current paper attempts to examine this pertinent problem, often faced by primary stakeholders, conservation professionals (architects and engineers) and lawmakers, from the key perspective of structural safety and structural rehabilitation or retrofit. In an era, when sustainability, ecological and environmental awareness and cost-effectiveness together are emerging as determinants of development, how do they impact conservation of built heritage?</p>
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Wen, Xiaoy, Guoquan Zhang e Qiuyi Jiang. "Exploration and practice of formulating strategic planning for rural revitalization in the Shanghai metropolitan area ——take the rural revitalization of Jinxi town in Kunshan as an example". In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/typk9673.

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China's urban and rural development has entered a new stage of comprehensive transformation. The advent of the era of metropolitan development and the strategy of Rural Revitalization are two important national strategic backgrounds of this study. As the highest urbanization rate in Southern Jiangsu, rural and urban development needs synchronous resonance. Rural areas, as an important role in the integration of the Yangtze River Delta and the development of Shanghai Metropolitan Area, play an important role in regional cohesion and complementary functions, and are an important part in the overall construction of the metropolitan area. Jinxi Town is located in the southern end of Jiangsu Province, bordering Qingpu District of Shanghai, and between Suzhou and Shanghai. In ancient China, Jinxi was a traditional town of fish and rice and water culture. During the period of reform and opening-up, Jinxi worked closely with surrounding cities to create a brilliant chapter of "Sunan Model" and "Kunshan Model". In the new stage of development, Jinxi Town shoulders the heavy responsibility of more ecological functions and reduction of construction land indicators. It is not only more responsible for ensuring food production safety and protecting ecological functions, but also more demanding for rural revitalization. It is also more urgent to study its development path and strategy. Firstly, this paper takes Jinxi's contemporary mission as the starting point, secondly, through the analysis of Jinxi's function orientation, population, industry and space, and then puts forward the general strategic requirements of Rural Revitalization according to these four aspects. Thirdly, it demonstrates several different types of villages in Jinxi town, respectively. The cases of upgrading agriculture, industrial integration and development, demonstration of rural community and industrial retreat to build Jinxi Town to revitalize villages in the countryside. Finally, through the follow-up revision and improvement of planning formulation, to help the effective implementation of Jinxi Town's Rural Revitalization strategic planning. Through this study on the Rural Revitalization of Jinxi Town, on the one hand, it comprehensively implements the national deployment and the task of Jiangsu as a benchmark; on the other hand, it earnestly follows the law of rural selfdevelopment, and in the theoretical category of regional economy, it is based on the development of metropolitan area and the background of Rural Revitalization era, with Chinese characteristics, Shanghai. The road of Rural Revitalization in metropolitan area. At the same time, this paper expects to provide ideas and methods for the compilation of strategic planning for Rural Revitalization in metropolitan areas.
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Esan, Oluwasegun. "Cultural heritage: an urban memoir towards Idanre city prosperity". In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/gnbv3886.

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The present tasks facing most of the cities in Nigeria is over reliance on crude oil. The task ahead is to ensure cities function properly and cater for its inhabitants adequately. Several efforts to diversify and develop other sectors of the economy over the last two decades yielded little result. The crash in global crude oil economy is compelling Nigerian cities to explore alternative source of income. At this crucial time, a closer look at creative industry to leverage on heritage resources is being explored. The paper examines precious Idanre heritage as a developmental tool towards urban prosperity. Idanre is a relatively small and historic town in Ondo State situated at the foot of scenic Idanre hills with unique cultural heritage and propensity to attract diverse tourist locally and internationally. The study adopts qualitative research approach through purposive interview and focus group discussion. Community participation will permit inclusive planning for the city. This research findings include 1350AD ancient palace on the hill: unique Orogho, Usalu and Udale quarters; Orosun Sacred Groove and Festival; Agaga Hills; Idanre Forest Reserve; and small-scale Cocoa Agricultural Estates. Community consensus identified heritage memorabilia, cottage industry, small scale local chocolate industry, community sacred forest tour guides and Orosun festival as to enhance the prosperity of the town. Conclusively, community opinion, cultural custodians, traditional rulers, heritage tourists were various elements of Idanre city system as Idanre city is tied to its heritage resources. The legibility of Idanre city is influenced by heritage resources as the collective memory that can be translated into urban prosperity. This paper recommends that innovation capacity and citizenry interaction are fundamental for desired Idanre prosperity through a robust heritage resource deeply rooted in creative industry rooted in heritage resources. Government need to promote the development of cultural heritage and creative industries. Furthermore, urban planning policies should be in favour of mixed-use, well defined and connected spatial clusters within the urban network. An integrated and comprehensive strategy is also needed for the development of creative industries.
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