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Artigos de revistas sobre o tema "Chromatius"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 29 de março de 2025

Última modificação: 31 de julho de 2025

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1

Csigi, Péter. "Aquileiai Chromatius Máté-evangéliumhoz írt kommentárja." Vallástudományi Szemle 20, no. 1 (2024): 9–32. https://doi.org/10.55193/rs.2024.1.9.

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A Szentírás értelmezése kezdettől fogva komoly kihívás elé állította az Egyházat. Főképp a különféle eretnekmozgalmak feltűnése tette szükségessé, hogy világosan megkülönböztessék, melyik az az írásmagyarázati tradíció, amely kifejezi és hordozza az Egyház hitét. Az Írás értelmezésének nemcsak tudományos vagy apologetikus céljai voltak, hanem mindenekelőtt a keresztény hívek lelkének táplálása, hitük megerősítése. Ezen a téren kitűntek azok a püspökök, akik egy-egy helyi egyház élén állva felelősséget éreztek a rájuk bízott nyáj iránt. Ezek sorába illeszkedik Chromatius, Aquileia IV. századi p

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2

McEachnie, Robert. "A History of Heresy Past: The Sermons of Chromatius of Aquileia, 388–407." Church History 83, no. 2 (2014): 273–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640714000031.

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Chromatius served as bishop of Aquileia, a large trade-centered city at the north end of the Adriatic Sea, from 388–407. He interacted with notables like Rufinus, Jerome, Ambrose, and John Chrysostom, but our knowledge of Chromatius was limited to second-hand statements until the rediscovery of his sermons in the last century. When one examines the sermons in their original context, a disconnect on the issue of heresy emerges. Based on a survey of Christianities in northern Italy, it seems that the variety we might expect is lacking in the sources. An examination of the region reveals that the

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3

Sajovic, Miran. "“Sermo eorum sicut cancer serpit”. Chromatius of Aquileia against heresies." Vox Patrum 68 (December 16, 2018): 443–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/vp.3369.

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Bishop Chromatius (in office from 388 to 407), whose episcopal see was a cosmopolitan trade-center at the north end of the Adriatic Sea with the name of Aquileia, was one of the most prominent bishops in the period. He is acquainted with notable figures such as Ambrosius, Hieronymus, Rufinus, and Ioannes Chrysostomus and forth. Before being created a bishop, he was the secretary of bishop Valerianus and in the occasion of Council of Aquileia in 381, he had spoken against Arians. This Council was presided by Ambrosius and with its scale it could almost be considered as an ecumenical one. As s

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4

Peressotti, Giuseppe. "La Madre di Cristo nelle opere dei Padri aquileiesi." Augustinianum 63, no. 1 (2023): 109–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/agstm20236314.

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This article deals with Mariology as we can deduce it from the works of writers who lived in the region of Aquileia in the 4th and 5th centuries. The first part of the study discusses the Gospel commentary by Fortunatianus and the works of Chromatius, bishops of Aquileia. The second part of the article considers texts excerpted from works on the same subject by Victorinus of Pettau, Rufinus of Concordia and Jerome of Stridon. The prevailent titles used of Mary are «Virgin» and «Mother of God». The article concludes with a comparison among significative texts excerpted from works of Chromatius

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5

Peressotti, Giuseppe. "Demonologia in area aquileiese." Augustinianum 59, no. 1 (2019): 101–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/agstm20195915.

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The present work focuses on some particular demonological texts attributed to Fortunatianus (mid-IV century) and Chromatius (between the IV and the V century), both bishops of Aquileia. It also includes Victorinus, bishop of Poetovium (in present-day Slovenia, second half of the III century), who shared the same geographical-cultural milieu of the Aquilean bishops. We have considered primarily their biblical commentaries and, in the case of Chromatius, also his liturgical sermons. In these texts, the devil is characterized by a broad range of expressions in relation to his spiritual struggle a

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6

Beatrice, Pier Franco. "Chromatius and Jovinus at the Synod of Diospolis: A Prosopographical Inquiry." Journal of Early Christian Studies 22, no. 3 (2014): 437–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/earl.2014.0039.

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7

Giménez-Abián, J. F., D. J. Clarke, A. M. Mullinger, C. S. Downes, and R. T. Johnson. "A postprophase topoisomerase II-dependent chromatid core separation step in the formation of metaphase chromosomes." Journal of Cell Biology 131, no. 1 (1995): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.131.1.7.

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Metaphase chromatids are believed to consist of loops of chromatin anchored to a central scaffold, of which a major component is the decatenatory enzyme DNA topoisomerase II. Silver impregnation selectively stains an axial element of metaphase and anaphase chromatids; but we find that in earlier stages of mitosis, silver staining reveals an initially single, folded midline structure, which separates at prometaphase to form two chromatid axes. Inhibition of topoisomerase II prevents this separation, and also prevents the contraction of chromatids that occurs when metaphase is arrested. Immunolo

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Daban, Joan-Ramon. "The energy components of stacked chromatin layers explain the morphology, dimensions and mechanical properties of metaphase chromosomes." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 11, no. 92 (2014): 20131043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2013.1043.

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The measurement of the dimensions of metaphase chromosomes in different animal and plant karyotypes prepared in different laboratories indicates that chromatids have a great variety of sizes which are dependent on the amount of DNA that they contain. However, all chromatids are elongated cylinders that have relatively similar shape proportions (length to diameter ratio approx. 13). To explain this geometry, it is considered that chromosomes are self-organizing structures formed by stacked layers of planar chromatin and that the energy of nucleosome–nucleosome interactions between chromatin lay

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9

Mishra, Prashant K., Sultan Ciftci-Yilmaz, David Reynolds, et al. "Polo kinase Cdc5 associates with centromeres to facilitate the removal of centromeric cohesin during mitosis." Molecular Biology of the Cell 27, no. 14 (2016): 2286–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e16-01-0004.

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Sister chromatid cohesion is essential for tension-sensing mechanisms that monitor bipolar attachment of replicated chromatids in metaphase. Cohesion is mediated by the association of cohesins along the length of sister chromatid arms. In contrast, centromeric cohesin generates intrastrand cohesion and sister centromeres, while highly cohesin enriched, are separated by >800 nm at metaphase in yeast. Removal of cohesin is necessary for sister chromatid separation during anaphase, and this is regulated by evolutionarily conserved polo-like kinase (Cdc5 in yeast, Plk1 in humans). Here we addre

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Chen, Yu-Fan, Chia-Ching Chou, and Marc R. Gartenberg. "Determinants of Sir2-Mediated, Silent Chromatin Cohesion." Molecular and Cellular Biology 36, no. 15 (2016): 2039–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.00057-16.

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Cohesin associates with distinct sites on chromosomes to mediate sister chromatid cohesion. Single cohesin complexes are thought to bind by encircling both sister chromatids in a topological embrace. Transcriptionally repressed chromosomal domains in the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiaerepresent specialized sites of cohesion where cohesin binds silent chromatin in a Sir2-dependent fashion. In this study, we investigated the molecular basis for Sir2-mediated cohesion. We identified a cluster of charged surface residues of Sir2, collectively termed the EKDK motif, that are required for cohesin func

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Sapkota, Hem, Emilia Wasiak, John R. Daum, and Gary J. Gorbsky. "Multiple determinants and consequences of cohesion fatigue in mammalian cells." Molecular Biology of the Cell 29, no. 15 (2018): 1811–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e18-05-0315.

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Cells delayed in metaphase with intact mitotic spindles undergo cohesion fatigue, where sister chromatids separate asynchronously, while cells remain in mitosis. Cohesion fatigue requires release of sister chromatid cohesion. However, the pathways that breach sister chromatid cohesion during cohesion fatigue remain unknown. Using moderate-salt buffers to remove loosely bound chromatin cohesin, we show that “cohesive” cohesin is not released during chromatid separation during cohesion fatigue. Using a regulated protein heterodimerization system to lock different cohesin ring interfaces at speci

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Stanyte, Rugile, Johannes Nuebler, Claudia Blaukopf, et al. "Dynamics of sister chromatid resolution during cell cycle progression." Journal of Cell Biology 217, no. 6 (2018): 1985–2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201801157.

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Faithful genome transmission in dividing cells requires that the two copies of each chromosome’s DNA package into separate but physically linked sister chromatids. The linkage between sister chromatids is mediated by cohesin, yet where sister chromatids are linked and how they resolve during cell cycle progression has remained unclear. In this study, we investigated sister chromatid organization in live human cells using dCas9-mEGFP labeling of endogenous genomic loci. We detected substantial sister locus separation during G2 phase irrespective of the proximity to cohesin enrichment sites. Alm

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13

Jack, E. M., C. J. Harrison, G. R. White, C. H. Ockey, and T. D. Allen. "Fine-structural aspects of bromodeoxyuridine incorporation in sister chromatid differentiation and replication banding." Journal of Cell Science 94, no. 2 (1989): 287–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.94.2.287.

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The structure of harlequin-stained chromosomes following substitution with low levels of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) over two cell cycles and high levels over the last part of one cycle (replication banding) was studied in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. By using correlative light (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it was shown that the effects of both the ultraviolet light (u.v.) and hot SSC treatment steps of the harlequin staining procedure were necessary to obtain sister-chromatid differentiation (SCD) or replication banding. u.v. treatment alone resulted in dark Giemsa stain

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14

Zgraja, Brunon. "Zagadnienie wiary w nauczaniu kaznodziejskim św. Chromacjusza z Akwilei." Vox Patrum 61 (January 5, 2014): 467–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/vp.3639.

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St. Chromatius, bishop of Aquileia, who lived at the turn of the IV and V century, as a zealous pastor, led by concern for the salvation of his faithful, undertook in his predicatory teaching an explanation of the queations of faith. Without indications of any polemics – as one might expect – with the Arianism which was spread through the Gothic invaders, he did it, not ignoring however the important doctrinal aspect which constitutes the basis of the act of faith. He teaches, that to believe means to walk incessantly the Christ’s way of righteousness, know thanks to the proclaimed Gospel. R

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15

Salzman, Michele Renee. "Chromatius of Aquileia and the Making of a Christian City. By Robert McEachnie. New York: Routledge, 2017. ix + 194 pp. $155.00 cloth." Church History 88, no. 3 (2019): 796–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640719002014.

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Samejima, Kumiko, Itaru Samejima, Paola Vagnarelli та ін. "Mitotic chromosomes are compacted laterally by KIF4 and condensin and axially by topoisomerase IIα". Journal of Cell Biology 199, № 5 (2012): 755–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201202155.

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Mitotic chromosome formation involves a relatively minor condensation of the chromatin volume coupled with a dramatic reorganization into the characteristic “X” shape. Here we report results of a detailed morphological analysis, which revealed that chromokinesin KIF4 cooperated in a parallel pathway with condensin complexes to promote the lateral compaction of chromatid arms. In this analysis, KIF4 and condensin were mutually dependent for their dynamic localization on the chromatid axes. Depletion of either caused sister chromatids to expand and compromised the “intrinsic structure” of the ch

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Lica, L. M., S. Narayanswami, and B. A. Hamkalo. "Mouse satellite DNA, centromere structure, and sister chromatid pairing." Journal of Cell Biology 103, no. 4 (1986): 1145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.103.4.1145.

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The experiments described were directed toward understanding relationships between mouse satellite DNA, sister chromatid pairing, and centromere function. Electron microscopy of a large mouse L929 marker chromosome shows that each of its multiple constrictions is coincident with a site of sister chromatid contact and the presence of mouse satellite DNA. However, only one of these sites, the central one, possesses kinetochores. This observation suggests either that satellite DNA alone is not sufficient for kinetochore formation or that when one kinetochore forms, other potential sites are suppr

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Henrikus, Sarah S., and Alessandro Costa. "Towards a Structural Mechanism for Sister Chromatid Cohesion Establishment at the Eukaryotic Replication Fork." Biology 10, no. 6 (2021): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10060466.

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Cohesion between replicated chromosomes is essential for chromatin dynamics and equal segregation of duplicated genetic material. In the G1 phase, the ring-shaped cohesin complex is loaded onto duplex DNA, enriching at replication start sites, or “origins”. During the same phase of the cell cycle, and also at the origin sites, two MCM helicases are loaded as symmetric double hexamers around duplex DNA. During the S phase, and through the action of replication factors, cohesin switches from encircling one parental duplex DNA to topologically enclosing the two duplicated DNA filaments, which are

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McNicoll, François, Anne Kühnel, Uddipta Biswas, et al. "Meiotic sex chromosome cohesion and autosomal synapsis are supported by Esco2." Life Science Alliance 3, no. 3 (2020): e201900564. http://dx.doi.org/10.26508/lsa.201900564.

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In mitotic cells, establishment of sister chromatid cohesion requires acetylation of the cohesin subunit SMC3 (acSMC3) by ESCO1 and/or ESCO2. Meiotic cohesin plays additional but poorly understood roles in the formation of chromosome axial elements (AEs) and synaptonemal complexes. Here, we show that levels of ESCO2, acSMC3, and the pro-cohesion factor sororin increase on meiotic chromosomes as homologs synapse. These proteins are less abundant on the largely unsynapsed sex chromosomes, whose sister chromatid cohesion appears weaker throughout the meiotic prophase. Using three distinct conditi

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Nakamura, Akito, Hiroyuki Arai, and Naoya Fujita. "Centrosomal Aki1 and cohesin function in separase-regulated centriole disengagement." Journal of Cell Biology 187, no. 5 (2009): 607–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200906019.

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Sister chromatid separation at anaphase is triggered by cleavage of the cohesin subunit Scc1, which is mediated by separase. Centriole disengagement also requires separase. This dual role of separase permits concurrent control of these events for accurate metaphase to anaphase transition. Although the molecular mechanism underlying sister chromatid cohesion has been clarified, that of centriole cohesion is poorly understood. In this study, we show that Akt kinase–interacting protein 1 (Aki1) localizes to centrosomes and regulates centriole cohesion. Aki1 depletion causes formation of multipola

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Gallego-Paez, Lina Marcela, Hiroshi Tanaka, Masashige Bando, et al. "Smc5/6-mediated regulation of replication progression contributes to chromosome assembly during mitosis in human cells." Molecular Biology of the Cell 25, no. 2 (2014): 302–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e13-01-0020.

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The structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) proteins constitute the core of critical complexes involved in structural organization of chromosomes. In yeast, the Smc5/6 complex is known to mediate repair of DNA breaks and replication of repetitive genomic regions, including ribosomal DNA loci and telomeres. In mammalian cells, which have diverse genome structure and scale from yeast, the Smc5/6 complex has also been implicated in DNA damage response, but its further function in unchallenged conditions remains elusive. In this study, we addressed the behavior and function of Smc5/6 during th

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Quinn, Dennis P. "Chromatius of Aquileia and His Age: Proceedings of the International Conference Held in Aquileia, 22-24 May 2008 - Edited by Pier Franco Beatrice and Alessio Peršič." Religious Studies Review 38, no. 1 (2012): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-0922.2011.01579_9.x.

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Uchiyama, Susumu, and Kiichi Fukui. "Condensin in Chromatid Cohesion and Segregation." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 147, no. 4 (2015): 212–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000444868.

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After replication of genomic DNA during the S phase, 2 chromatids hold together longitudinally. When cells enter mitosis, the paired sister chromatids start to condense and then segregate into individual chromatids except for the centromeric region. Upon attachment of microtubules to the kinetochore, subsequent pulling of the 2 sister chromatids by the spindles towards opposite poles results in 2 completely separated chromatids. Besides more than 100 kinds of kinetochore proteins, several key proteins such as cohesin, separase, shugoshin, and condensin contribute to chromatid cohesion and segr

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Sorsa, V. "Distribution of chromomeres as a basis of chromosomal coiling." Journal of Cell Science 80, no. 1 (1986): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.80.1.193.

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Periodicity in the distribution of prominent bands was analysed from the light and electron microscopic maps of salivary gland chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. The data obtained indicate that a similar distribution of prominent chromosomes in an individual interphase chromatid results in a unilateral accumulation of chromatin at the chromonema stage, if the helical axis of chromonema consists of approximately 5–9 interchromomere + chromomere units per turn. Orientation of the largest chromomeres mainly on one lateral half and the smallest chromomeres mainly on the opposite lateral half

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Neff, M. W., and D. J. Burke. "Random segregation of chromatids at mitosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Genetics 127, no. 3 (1991): 463–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/127.3.463.

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Abstract Previous experiments suggest that mitotic chromosome segregation in some fungi is a nonrandom process in which chromatids of the same replicative age are destined for cosegregation. We have investigated the pattern of chromatid segregation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by labeling the DNA of a strain auxotrophic for thymidine with 5-bromodeoxyuridine. The fate of DNA strands was followed qualitatively by immunofluorescence microscopy and quantitatively by microphotometry using an anti-5-bromodeoxyuridine monoclonal antibody. Chromatids of the same replicative age were distributed random

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Fujii, Wataru, and Hiroaki Funahashi. "In vitro development of non-enucleated rat oocytes following microinjection of a cumulus nucleus and chemical activation." Zygote 16, no. 2 (2008): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199408004632.

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SummaryThe present study examined in vitro development and the cytological status of non-enucleated rat oocytes after microinjection of cumulus nuclei and chemical activation. Oocyte–cumulus complexes were collected from gonadotropin-treated prepubertal female Wistar rats 14 h after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection. Cumulus nuclei were injected into ovulated oocytes and then stimulated in the presence of 5 mM SrCl2 for 20 min at various time points (0–3.5 h) after injection. Some of the reconstituted eggs were cultured to observe the pronuclear formation, cleavage, and blastocyst f

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Balicky, Eric M., Matthew W. Endres, Cary Lai, and Sharon E. Bickel. "Meiotic Cohesion Requires Accumulation of ORD on Chromosomes before Condensation." Molecular Biology of the Cell 13, no. 11 (2002): 3890–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e02-06-0332.

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Cohesion between sister chromatids is a prerequisite for accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis and meiosis. To allow chromosome condensation during prophase, the connections that hold sister chromatids together must be maintained but still permit extensive chromatin compaction. In Drosophila, null mutations in the orientation disruptor (ord) gene lead to meiotic nondisjunction in males and females because cohesion is absent by the time that sister kinetochores make stable microtubule attachments. We provide evidence that ORD is concentrated within the extrachromosomal domains of the n

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Schubert, Veit, Mateusz Zelkowski, Sonja Klemme, and Andreas Houben. "Similar Sister Chromatid Arrangement in Mono- and Holocentric Plant Chromosomes." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 149, no. 3 (2016): 218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000447681.

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Due to the X-shape formation at somatic metaphase, the arrangement of the sister chromatids is obvious in monocentric chromosomes. In contrast, the sister chromatids of holocentric chromosomes cannot be distinguished even at mitotic metaphase. To clarify their organization, we differentially labelled the sister chromatids of holocentric Luzula and monocentric rye chromosomes by incorporating the base analogue EdU during replication. Using super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (SIM) and 3D rendering, we found that holocentric sister chromatids attach to each other at their contact

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Noel Calir, Martina, Daniela Marisol Ferré, Valeria Ledda, and Nora Bibiana Maria Gorla. "Chromosomal aberrations induced by Mitomycin C in canine lymphocytes." Veterinarski arhiv 93, no. 3 (2023): 341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24099/vet.arhiv.1698.

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Chromosomal aberrations comprise an abnormal number of chromosomes as well as changes in the structure of the chromosomes. Aberrations in the structure of chromosomes, such as gaps and breaks in chromatids and chromosomes, acentric fragments, telomeric associations, deletions, early chromatid-separation and large scale effects, such as pulverized metaphases, and sticky metaphases. In this study, the effect of Mitomycin C, a recognized clastogen on human lymphocytes, was assayed in cultures of canine lymphocytes, an animal species that is flourishing in comparative medicine. Blood cultures were

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Eykelenboom, John K., Marek Gierliński, Zuojun Yue, et al. "Live imaging of marked chromosome regions reveals their dynamic resolution and compaction in mitosis." Journal of Cell Biology 218, no. 5 (2019): 1531–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201807125.

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When human cells enter mitosis, chromosomes undergo substantial changes in their organization to resolve sister chromatids and compact chromosomes. To comprehend the timing and coordination of these events, we need to evaluate the progression of both sister chromatid resolution and chromosome compaction in one assay. Here we achieved this by analyzing changes in configuration of marked chromosome regions over time, with high spatial and temporal resolution. This assay showed that sister chromatids cycle between nonresolved and partially resolved states with an interval of a few minutes during

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Kotadia, Shaila, Emilie Montembault, William Sullivan, and Anne Royou. "Cell elongation is an adaptive response for clearing long chromatid arms from the cleavage plane." Journal of Cell Biology 199, no. 5 (2012): 745–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201208041.

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Chromosome segregation must be coordinated with cell cleavage to ensure correct transmission of the genome to daughter cells. Here we identify a novel mechanism by which Drosophila melanogaster neuronal stem cells coordinate sister chromatid segregation with cleavage furrow ingression. Cells adapted to a dramatic increase in chromatid arm length by transiently elongating during anaphase/telophase. The degree of cell elongation correlated with the length of the trailing chromatid arms and was concomitant with a slight increase in spindle length and an enlargement of the zone of cortical myosin

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Kateneva, Anna V., Anton A. Konovchenko, Vincent Guacci, and Michael E. Dresser. "Recombination protein Tid1p controls resolution of cohesin-dependent linkages in meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Journal of Cell Biology 171, no. 2 (2005): 241–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200505020.

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Sister chromatid cohesion and interhomologue recombination are coordinated to promote the segregation of homologous chromosomes instead of sister chromatids at the first meiotic division. During meiotic prophase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the meiosis-specific cohesin Rec8p localizes along chromosome axes and mediates most of the cohesion. The mitotic cohesin Mcd1p/Scc1p localizes to discrete spots along chromosome arms, and its function is not clear. In cells lacking Tid1p, which is a member of the SWI2/SNF2 family of helicase-like proteins that are involved in chromatin remodeling, Mcd1p an

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Ishak, Muhiddin, Rashidah Baharudin, Isa Mohamed Rose, et al. "Genome-Wide Open Chromatin Methylome Profiles in Colorectal Cancer." Biomolecules 10, no. 5 (2020): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10050719.

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The methylome of open chromatins was investigated in colorectal cancer (CRC) to explore cancer-specific methylation and potential biomarkers. Epigenome-wide methylome of open chromatins was studied in colorectal cancer tissues using the Infinium DNA MethylationEPIC assay. Differentially methylated regions were identified using the ChAMP Bioconductor. Our stringent analysis led to the discovery of 2187 significant differentially methylated open chromatins in CRCs. More hypomethylated probes were observed and the trend was similar across all chromosomes. The majority of hyper- and hypomethylated

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van Schie, Janne J. M., and Job de Lange. "The Interplay of Cohesin and the Replisome at Processive and Stressed DNA Replication Forks." Cells 10, no. 12 (2021): 3455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10123455.

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The cohesin complex facilitates faithful chromosome segregation by pairing the sister chromatids after DNA replication until mitosis. In addition, cohesin contributes to proficient and error-free DNA replication. Replisome progression and establishment of sister chromatid cohesion are intimately intertwined processes. Here, we review how the key factors in DNA replication and cohesion establishment cooperate in unperturbed conditions and during DNA replication stress. We discuss the detailed molecular mechanisms of cohesin recruitment and the entrapment of replicated sister chromatids at the r

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Finardi, Alice, Lucia F. Massari, and Rosella Visintin. "Anaphase Bridges: Not All Natural Fibers Are Healthy." Genes 11, no. 8 (2020): 902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11080902.

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At each round of cell division, the DNA must be correctly duplicated and distributed between the two daughter cells to maintain genome identity. In order to achieve proper chromosome replication and segregation, sister chromatids must be recognized as such and kept together until their separation. This process of cohesion is mainly achieved through proteinaceous linkages of cohesin complexes, which are loaded on the sister chromatids as they are generated during S phase. Cohesion between sister chromatids must be fully removed at anaphase to allow chromosome segregation. Other (non-proteinaceo

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Donnellan, Leigh, Clifford Young, Bradley S. Simpson, et al. "Methylglyoxal Impairs Sister Chromatid Separation in Lymphocytes." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 8 (2022): 4139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084139.

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The accurate segregation of sister chromatids is complex, and errors that arise throughout this process can drive chromosomal instability and tumorigenesis. We recently showed that methylglyoxal (MGO), a glycolytic by-product, can cause chromosome missegregation events in lymphocytes. However, the underlying mechanisms of this were not explored. Therefore, in this study, we utilised shotgun proteomics to identify MGO-modified proteins, and label-free quantitation to measure changes in protein abundance following exposure to MGO. We identified numerous mitotic proteins that were modified by MGO

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Oliveira, Raquel A., Paula A. Coelho, and Claudio E. Sunkel. "The Condensin I Subunit Barren/CAP-H Is Essential for the Structural Integrity of Centromeric Heterochromatin during Mitosis." Molecular and Cellular Biology 25, no. 20 (2005): 8971–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.25.20.8971-8984.2005.

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ABSTRACT During cell division, chromatin undergoes structural changes essential to ensure faithful segregation of the genome. Condensins, abundant components of mitotic chromosomes, are known to form two different complexes, condensins I and II. To further examine the role of condensin I in chromosome structure and in particular in centromere organization, we depleted from S2 cells the Drosophila CAP-H homologue Barren, a subunit exclusively associated with condensin I. In the absence of Barren/CAP-H the condensin core subunits DmSMC4/2 still associate with chromatin, while the other condensin

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Andreev L. N., Tsyganok H. A., Soshnicova J. B., and Kozhina A. D. "Investigation and calculation of two-component chromatic aberration compensator." Optics and Spectroscopy 130, no. 8 (2022): 1045. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/eos.2022.08.54780.2819-22.

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The chromatic aberrations compensator from two hyperchromatic lenses has been investigated. Dependencies of values of chromatic aberrations from parameters of the two-component compensator have been obtained. On the basis of theoretical data, an aberration compensator for high-aperture immersion achromatic microscope lenses has been calculated. Keywords: microscope lens, achromate, chromatic aberration, hyperchromatic lenses, chromatism of magnification - transverse chromatic aberration.

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Miyazaki, W. Y., and T. L. Orr-Weaver. "Sister-chromatid misbehavior in Drosophila ord mutants." Genetics 132, no. 4 (1992): 1047–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/132.4.1047.

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Abstract In Drosophila males and females mutant for the ord gene, sister chromatids prematurely disjoin in meiosis. We have isolated five new alleles of ord and analyzed them both as homozygotes and in trans to deficiencies for the locus, and we show that ord function is necessary early in meiosis of both sexes. Strong ord alleles result in chromosome nondisjunction in meiosis I that appears to be the consequence of precocious separation of the sister chromatids followed by their random segregation. Cytological analysis in males confirmed that precocious disjunction of the sister chromatids oc

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Skibbens, Robert V. "Unzipped and loaded." Journal of Cell Biology 169, no. 6 (2005): 841–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200503129.

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It is well known that the products of chromosome replication are paired to ensure that the sisters segregate away from each other during mitosis. A key issue is how cells pair sister chromatids but preclude the catastrophic pairing of nonsister chromatids. The identification of both replication factor C and DNA helicases as critical for sister chromatid pairing has brought new insights into this fundamental process.

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Petit, François, Henri Debontride, Michel Lenglet, Gérard Juhel, and Didier Verchere. "Contribution of Spectrometric Methods to the Study of the Constituents of Chromating Layers." Applied Spectroscopy 49, no. 2 (1995): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702953963733.

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The amorphous constituents of a chromating layer may be defined by the simultaneous use of diffuse reflection spectrometry in the ultraviolet and visible, and of Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. The PO4 group is characterized in the infrared reflection spectrum by bands located near 1070, 1030, and 900 cm−1 for chromium phosphate. The CrO4 group induces bands at 960, 860, and 820 cm−1 for zinc chromate and at about 980, 950, and 860 cm−1 for chromium chromates. The ligandmetal charge transfer bands (LMCT) characteristic of the chromates are situated in the region 3.35 to 4.20 eV. The s

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Tan, Yan Jun, Chang Nan Liu, and Yang Zhao. "Detection Methods of Roller Pressure to Design the Chromatism of Dyed Fabrics." Advanced Materials Research 503-504 (April 2012): 633–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.503-504.633.

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This paper takes CIE1976 L*a*b* chromatism formula as standards, and it takes K/S values and chromatism as characterizations. We design the internal relations and numerical relationships of the fabric chromatism according to the roll’s pressure’s change in pad dyeing, and adjust the padder roller pressure on both sides to eliminate chromatic aberration.

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Jin, Hui, Vincent Guacci, and Hong-Guo Yu. "Pds5 is required for homologue pairing and inhibits synapsis of sister chromatids during yeast meiosis." Journal of Cell Biology 186, no. 5 (2009): 713–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200810107.

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During meiosis, homologues become juxtaposed and synapsed along their entire length. Mutations in the cohesin complex disrupt not only sister chromatid cohesion but also homologue pairing and synaptonemal complex formation. In this study, we report that Pds5, a cohesin-associated protein known to regulate sister chromatid cohesion, is required for homologue pairing and synapsis in budding yeast. Pds5 colocalizes with cohesin along the length of meiotic chromosomes. In the absence of Pds5, the meiotic cohesin subunit Rec8 remains bound to chromosomes with only minor defects in sister chromatid

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Severin, Fedor, Anthony A. Hyman, and Simonetta Piatti. "Correct spindle elongation at the metaphase/anaphase transition is an APC-dependent event in budding yeast." Journal of Cell Biology 155, no. 5 (2001): 711–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200104096.

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At the metaphase to anaphase transition, chromosome segregation is initiated by the splitting of sister chromatids. Subsequently, spindles elongate, separating the sister chromosomes into two sets. Here, we investigate the cell cycle requirements for spindle elongation in budding yeast using mutants affecting sister chromatid cohesion or DNA replication. We show that separation of sister chromatids is not sufficient for proper spindle integrity during elongation. Rather, successful spindle elongation and stability require both sister chromatid separation and anaphase-promoting complex activati

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Oomen, Marlies E., Adam K. Hedger, Jonathan K. Watts, and Job Dekker. "Detecting chromatin interactions between and along sister chromatids with SisterC." Nature Methods 17, no. 10 (2020): 1002–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41592-020-0930-9.

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Stephens, Andrew D., Julian Haase, Leandra Vicci, Russell M. Taylor, and Kerry Bloom. "Cohesin, condensin, and the intramolecular centromere loop together generate the mitotic chromatin spring." Journal of Cell Biology 193, no. 7 (2011): 1167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201103138.

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Sister chromatid cohesion provides the mechanistic basis, together with spindle microtubules, for generating tension between bioriented chromosomes in metaphase. Pericentric chromatin forms an intramolecular loop that protrudes bidirectionally from the sister chromatid axis. The centromere lies on the surface of the chromosome at the apex of each loop. The cohesin and condensin structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) protein complexes are concentrated within the pericentric chromatin, but whether they contribute to tension-generating mechanisms is not known. To understand how pericentric c

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Chiroli, Elena, Valentina Rossio, Giovanna Lucchini, and Simonetta Piatti. "The budding yeast PP2ACdc55 protein phosphatase prevents the onset of anaphase in response to morphogenetic defects." Journal of Cell Biology 177, no. 4 (2007): 599–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200609088.

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Faithful chromosome transmission requires establishment of sister chromatid cohesion during S phase, followed by its removal at anaphase onset. Sister chromatids are tethered together by cohesin, which is displaced from chromosomes through cleavage of its Mcd1 subunit by the separase protease. Separase is in turn inhibited, up to this moment, by securin. Budding yeast cells respond to morphogenetic defects by a transient arrest in G2 with high securin levels and unseparated chromatids. We show that neither securin elimination nor forced cohesin cleavage is sufficient for anaphase in these cond

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Suja, J. A., C. Antonio, A. Debec, and J. S. Rufas. "Phosphorylated proteins are involved in sister-chromatid arm cohesion during meiosis I." Journal of Cell Science 112, no. 17 (1999): 2957–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.112.17.2957.

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Sister-chromatid arm cohesion is lost during the metaphase I/anaphase I transition to allow homologue separation. To obtain needed information on this process we have analysed in grasshopper bivalents the sequential release of arm cohesion in relation to the behaviour of chromatid axes. Results show that sister axes are associated during early metaphase I but separate during late metaphase I leading to a concomitant change of chromosome structure that implies the loss of sister-kinetochore cohesion. Afterwards, homologues initiate their separation asynchronously depending on their size, and nu

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Pinkaew, Aeggarut, Tulaya Limpiti, and Akraphon Trirat. "Chromatin Detection in Malaria Thick Blood Film Using Automated Image Processing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 781 (August 2015): 616–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.781.616.

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Malaria is a serious global health problem and rapid, accurate diagnosis is required to control the disease. An image processing algorithm to aid the diagnosis of malaria on thick blood films is developed. Morphological and automatic threshold selection techniques are applied on two color components from the HSI color model to identify chromatins of P. Falciparum and P. Vivax malaria species on the images. Chromatins are positively identified with good sensitivities for both species. After identifying the position of chromatins, the algorithm splits the image into small sub-images, each with a

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Cabello, Olga A., Elena Eliseeva, WeiGong He, et al. "Cell Cycle-dependent Expression and Nucleolar Localization of hCAP-H." Molecular Biology of the Cell 12, no. 11 (2001): 3527–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.12.11.3527.

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Condensin is a conserved 13S heteropentamer composed of two nonidentical structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) family proteins, in Xenopus XCAP-C and XCAP-E, and three regulatory subunits, XCAP-D2, XCAP-G, and XCAP-H. Both biochemical and genetic analyses have demonstrated an essential role for the 13S condensin complex in mitotic chromosome condensation. Further, a potential requirement for condensin in completion of chromatid arm separation in early anaphase is demonstrated by the mutational phenotypes of the Drosophila homologues ofXCAP-H, barren and XCAP-C,DmSMC4. In this study we hav

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