Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "CHR 1555"

Gasification-based technologies are at the core of many low emission technologies for the utilisation of low-rank fuels, such as brown coal and sub-bituminous coal. This study focuses on the evolution of char structure and its reactivity during the gasification of low-rank fuels. The kinetic parameters and the volatilisation of inherent metallic species are examined as well to provide further insights into the gasification mechanisms.

Oggetto precipuo di questo studio è l’analisi dei ventisette capitoli ternari che figurano nelle moderne edizioni delle Rime di Ludovico Ariosto. Dopo un breve inquadramento storico-culturale, si traccia lo stato dell’arte dei principali studi critici e filologici sulla produzione lirica dell’umanista. Una nuova scoperta testimoniale è alla base in questo senso di alcune osservazioni di Cesare Bozzetti, dalle quali ha preso avvio – secondo le puntualizzazioni di Zanato e Comboni – un più ampio discorso vòlto a dimostrare l’esistenza di una silloge di componimenti ariosteschi caratterizzata da un impianto macro-testuale. A ciò si accludono alcune considerazioni metriche sulla diffusione della terza rima nel secondo Quattrocento, in ambito emiliano-ferrarese, congiunte a riflessioni sul classicismo dell’Ariosto lirico. Seguono tre capitoli ove si passano in rassegna i componimenti in terza rima d’indole encomiastica, quelli di carattere amoroso selezionati dall’autore per l’allestimento di un suo libro di rime, e quelli giovanili, stilisticamente protesi verso il gusto “tardo-gotico” della lirica cortigiana. Accanto al petrarchismo e alle influenze delle coeve espressioni liriche latine e volgari dei verseggiatori di corte, una direttrice fondamentale dell’indagine è la ricerca di elementi riconducibili a una poetica classicista e umanistica, come gli echi virgiliani, ovidiani e degli erotici ed elegiaci latini, che tanto spazio occuparono nella formazione dell’autore.

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The red ceramics and structural ceramics, as they are known, include ceramic materials made by blocks of seals and structures, bricks, tiles, smail flagstones manacles, rustic floors and ornamental materials. Their fabrication uses raw material such as clay and clay sites, with some content of impurity. It has good durability and mechanical strength to compression, low cost, making it one of the mainly used materials in civil engineering. The incorporation of many industrial activities residue to ceramic products is a technological alternative for reducing the environmental impact caused by its carefree disposal. This incorporation can promote chemical change and inertness of metals from residue, by fixation in the glassy phase of ceramic during the burning stage. The main aim of this project is to study the technical feasibility of the addition of ceramic oven ash into formulations of mass for structural ceramics. In this project two kinds of clay (plastic and non-plastic) were used, as well as the ash from firewood used in the process of burning of structural ceramics. A group of experiments was outlined, which permitted the evaluation of the influence of the burning cycle in different temperatures of the ash content in formulations for ceramic blocks through technological properties, mechanical behavior and microstructure. Five samples were processed of each one of the masses of plastic and non-plastic clay without addition of ash and with addition of ash on the percentages of 10 % and 20 %, for temperatures of 850 ?C, 950 ?C, 1050 ?C and 1150 ?C, obtained through sinterization process. Among the studied compositions, the one which presented best performance was the mass of clay with 10 % of ash, at temperature of 1150 ?C, with the smallest absorption of water, the smallest apparent porosity, specific apparent mass a bit over the others and greatest mechanical resistance to flexion. The composition made confirmed the technical feasibility of the use of ash in the mass for structural ceramics with maintenance of its necessary characteristics for its purposes
A cer?mica vermelha ou estrutural, como ? conhecida, compreende os materiais cer?micos formados por blocos de veda??es e estruturais, tijolos, telhas, lajotas, manilhas, pisos r?sticos e materiais ornamentais. Sua fabrica??o utiliza mat?rias-primas como argilas e siltes argilosos, com certo teor de impurezas. Possui boa durabilidade e resist?ncia mec?nica ? compress?o, baixo custo, o que a torna um dos principais materiais utilizados na constru??o civil. A incorpora??o de res?duos de diversas atividades industriais em produtos de cer?mica estrutural ? uma alternativa tecnol?gica para reduzir o impacto ambiental causado por sua disposi??o indiscriminada. Esta incorpora??o pode promover a troca qu?mica e a inertiza??o de metais, provenientes do res?duo, por fixa??o na fase v?trea da cer?mica durante o est?gio de queima. O trabalho em quest?o tem como objetivo principal estudar a viabilidade t?cnica de adi??o de cinza de alto forno cer?mico em formula??es de massa para cer?mica estrutural. Neste trabalho foram utilizadas duas argilas (pl?stica e n?o-pl?stica), assim como a cinza provinda da lenha utilizada no processo de queima de cer?mica estrutural. Delineou-se um conjunto de experimentos que permitiram avaliar a influ?ncia do ciclo de temperatura de queima em temperaturas diferentes do teor de cinzas em formula??es para blocos cer?micos atrav?s das propriedades tecnol?gicas, comportamento mec?nico e microestrutura. Foram processadas cinco amostras de cada uma das massas de argila pl?stica e n?o pl?stica sem adi??o de cinza e com adi??o de cinza nos percentuais de 10 % e 20 %, para temperaturas de 850 0C, 950 0C, 1050 0C e 1150 0C, tendo sido obtidas atrav?s do processo de sinteriza??o. Das composi??es estudadas com cinza, a que apresentou melhor desempenho foi a massa de argilas com 10 % de cinza, na temperatura de 1150 ?C, com a menor absor??o de ?gua, menor porosidade aparente, massa espec?fica aparente pouco acima das outras e maior resist?ncia mec?nica ? flex?o. A composi??o efetuada comprovou a viabilidade t?cnica da utiliza??o de cinza na massa para cer?mica estrutural, com manuten??o das suas caracter?sticas necess?rias para os fins a que se destinam

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
The industries of structural ceramics are among the most important production chains in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. The industry and other interest groups to target the replacement of firewood by natural gas. Studies accordingly concluded that simple change does not guarantee products of superior quality, and that the increase in spending on fuel can economically cripple the use of gas for burning the majority of products manufactured by that action. However some proposals of innovations in terms of process and product are being studied in an attempt to justify the use of natural gas in industry, structural ceramics. One of the aspects investigated is the development of ceramic products differentiated, with new designs and greater value added. Inserted in that context, this paper aims to investigate the potential use of clay-firing clear fabrication of the "bricks of apparent joins drought", a new ceramic product with an innovative way. The development of the work was done in three stages. In the initial stage was held the characterization of raw materials, sought information on physical, chemical, mineralogical and mechanical samples. In the second stage five bodies were made using two of the nine ceramic clay characterized the first step. The masses were analyzed and compared with respect to the size distribution, plasticity and technological properties. In the last part of this work was carried out tests on massive bricks manufactured on an industrial scale. The results show that the nine clays can be used in the manufacture of new ceramic products, is the only constituent of mass ceramic or by mixing with other(s) clay(s
As ind?strias de cer?mica estrutural figuram entre as cadeias produtivas mais importantes do estado do Rio Grande do Norte. O setor e outros grupos de interesse almejam a substitui??o da lenha pelo g?s natural. Estudos realizados nesse sentido conclu?ram que a simples mudan?a n?o garante produtos de qualidade superior, e que o aumento no gasto com combust?vel pode inviabilizar economicamente o uso do g?s para queima da maioria dos produtos fabricados por esse seguimento. Entretanto algumas propostas de inova??es em termos de processo e produto v?m sendo estudadas na tentativa de justificar o uso do g?s natural na ind?stria de cer?mica estrutural. Uma das vertentes pesquisadas ? o desenvolvimento de produtos cer?micos diferenciados, com novos designs e maior valor agregado. Inserido nesse contexto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar a potencialidade do uso de argilas de queima clara para fabrica??o dos tijolos de junta seca , um novo produto cer?mico com forma inovadora. O desenvolvimento do trabalho foi efetuado em tr?s etapas. Na etapa inicial foi realizada a caracteriza??o das mat?rias-primas, buscando obter informa??es em rela??o ?s propriedades f?sicas, qu?micas, mineral?gicas e mec?nicas das amostras. Na segunda etapa foram formuladas cinco massas cer?micas utilizando duas das nove argilas caracterizadas na primeira etapa. As massas foram analisadas e comparadas em rela??o ? distribui??o granulometria, plasticidade e propriedades tecnol?gicas. Na ?ltima parte desse trabalho foi realizado testes em tijolos maci?os fabricados em escala industrial. Os resultados mostram que as nove argilas podem ser utilizadas na fabrica??o dos novos produtos cer?micos, seja como ?nica constituinte da massa cer?mica ou pela mistura com outra(s) argila(s)

The research works in the frame of the dissertation have been carried out with the cooperation between the University INP - ENSEEIHT - LAPLACE (Laboratory on Plasma and Conversion of Energy), Toulouse, France, and the Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering, Research Unit Power Electronics and Electrical Machines, Gdańsk, Poland. The main scope of the dissertation was following: development a novel concept, implementation and analysis of the multicell piezoelectric motor (MPM) for the control of the car seat position. The new concept of the MPM is based on a combined topology using the working principles of the traveling wave motor/actuator (known as the Shinsei motor), and the electromechanical structure of the rotating-mode motor/actuator. The electromechanical structure of each rotating-mode motor has been considered as an independent one – referred to as a "single cell". The application of the novel MPM for the control of the car seat position will reduce the number of gears due to its direct coupling with the driving/movement shaft of the seat positioning system. The achieved effects of a such integrated structure will be following: a higher efficiency, a lower noise of performance, a low cost of manufacturing, and in general a lower pollution of the environment. The preliminary dimensions and parameters of the prototype MPM have been verified using its developed analytical (geometrical) model and numerical methods (FEM). The prototype MPM has been manufactured. Finally, the laboratory measurements of the MPM prototype has been carried out.

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The marble and granite waste come from the process of mining of those ornamental rocks for use in the building industry. Brazil is one of the largest producers of blocks or finished products of ornamental rocks, extracting about 5.2 tons / year. The largest national producers are the states of Esp?rito Santo, Minas Gerais and Bahia which account for 80% of the Brazilian production. However, the waste total amount during processing of these blocks reaches 40% of the total. The use of the waste produced by this industry in white ceramics could be a form of disposition, because these materials, are thrownasa mud directly at decantation ponds, wastelands or in rivers, without any treatment. The present work has as main purpose to study the influence that reject of the ornamental rocks on the physical and mechanical properties of white ceramics. X-Ray characterizations of raw materials by were performed X-Ray fluorescence, X-Ray diffraction, granulometric, thermogravimetric and thermodiferencial analysis, five formulations were made (0, 10, 20, 30, 40% in granite weight) wich were burned at three temperatures: 1100?C, 1150?C and 1200?C with 60 minutes of sorling time. After sintering, the samples were submitted to different analyser absorption of water, linear retraction, apparent porosity, apparent specific mass, flexival stronght, and scanning were obtained microscopy. Compatible technological properties within the limits demanded for the production of porcelainized stoneware
Os rejeitos de granito s?o provenientes do processo de minera??o dessas rochas ornamentais para uso na ind?stria da constru??o civil. O Brasil ? um dos maiores produtores de blocos ou produtos acabados de rochas ornamentais, extraindo cerca de 5,2 milh?es toneladas/ano. Os maiores produtores nacionais s?o os estados do Esp?rito Santo, Minas Gerais e Bahia que respondem por 80% da produ??o nacional. Por?m o desperd?cio em todo o processo de desmonte destes blocos chega a incr?veis 40% do total. O uso dos detritos produzidos por esta ind?stria na cer?mica branca poderia ser uma forma de disposi??o desse material, visto que estes materiais, sob forma de lama, s?o lan?ados diretamente em lagoas de decanta??o, terrenos baldios ou jogados em rios, sem nenhum tratamento. O presente trabalho tem como prop?sito principal estudar a influ?ncia que o rejeito das rochas ornamentais exerce sobre as propriedades f?sicas e mec?nicas da cer?mica branca. Para isso, foram feitas as caracteriza??es das mat?rias-primas por fluoresc?ncia de Raios-X, difra??o de Raios-X, an?lise granulom?trica, an?lise termogravim?trica e an?lise termodiferencial, elaborando-se cinco formula??es (0, 10, 20, 30, 40% em peso de granito) que foram queimadas em tr?s temperaturas: 1100?C, 1150?C e 1200?C com 60 minutos de patamar. Ap?s a queima, os corpos-de-prova foram submetidos a ensaios de absor??o de ?gua, retra??o linear, porosidade aparente, massa espec?fica aparente, resist?ncia ? flex?o, microscopia eletr?nica de varredura. Foram obtidas propriedades tecnol?gicas compat?veis com os limites m?nimos exigidos para a fabrica??o de um gr?s porcelanato

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CAPES
The sugar cane is one of the major agricultural products in Brazil. The crop is able to associate with diazotrophic bacteria (fix nitrogen from the air), that may be located inside the plant tissue (entophytic). The diazotrophic bacteria are capable of promoting growth of sugar cane by means of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) or production of hormones. But little is known about populations of these bacteria present in sugar cane. This work aimed to study diversity of the population and identify the isolates by molecular and physiological methods, as well as to assess the effectiveness of some isolates to promote plant growth of sugar cane in the field. In solid potato media, there were observed the formation of seven groups, with 95% of similarity, showing the great colonies morphology variation. Many isolates showed similar characteristics to the genus Gluconacetobacter, when analyzed in semi-solid LGI-P media and solid Potato-P and LGI-P media. Two isolates were most efficient in the endolar synthesis with production over 49 ?g/mL. All isolates were classified as Gram negative. Of the 36 isolates, 27.5% were similar to the standard strain RB 11366 (Burkholderia tropica), 45% to BR 11281 strain (Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus) and 5% to the other patterns BR 11335 (Herbaspirillum seropedicae), BR 11504 (Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans) and BR 11145 (Azospirillum amazonense). Through the comparison of the sequencing of 16S rDNA with the NCBI GenBank isolate 215 was identified as belonging to species Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, the 179-1a belonging to Burkholderia tropica and the isolated 151-B, 211-A, and 219 to the gender Burkholderia. The inoculated strains 160-1 and 215 promoted an increase in the straw dry biomass (up to 0.7 Mg ha-1) and total nitrogen of flag leaf (above 69,7 kg ha-1), respectively in the tested varieties RB 72454 and RB 918,639. Only the 160-1 isolate was able to promote increase in biomass in the RB 867515 variety. Stalk yield was higher for the variety RB 918639 with 191.96 Mg ha-1.
A cana-de-a??car ? um dos principais produtos agr?colas do Brasil. A cultura ? capaz de se associar as bact?rias diazotr?ficas (fixam nitrog?nio do ar), que podem estar no interior do tecido da planta (endof?ticas). As bact?rias diazotr?ficas endof?ticas s?o capazes de promover o crescimento da cana-de-a??car por meio da fixa??o biol?gica do nitrog?nio (FBN) ou pela produ??o de fitorm?nios. Mas pouco se conhece sobre as popula??es presentes destas bact?rias em cana-de-a??car. O presente trabalho visou estudar a diversidade da popula??o e identificar estes isolados, atrav?s de m?todos moleculares e fisiol?gicos, assim como avaliar a efici?ncia de alguns isolados na promo??o de crescimento vegetal de plantas de cana-de-a??car no campo. Foi observada em meio s?lido Batata, com 95% de similaridade, a forma??o de sete grupos mostrando a grande varia??o morfol?gica de col?nias neste meio testado. Muitos isolados apresentaram caracter?sticas similares ao g?nero Gluconacetobacter, quando analisados em meio semi-s?lido LGI-P e s?lido Batata-P e LGI-P. Dois isolados foram mais eficientes na s?ntese de ind?les com produ??es acima de 49 ?g/mL. Todos os isolados foram classificados como Gram negativos. Dos 36 isolados avaliados, 27,5% foram semelhantes ? estirpe padr?o RB 11366 (Burkholderia tropica); 45% a BR 11281 (Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus) e 5% aos demais padr?es BR 11335 (Herbaspirillum seropedicae), BR 11504 (Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans) e BR 11145 (Azospirillum amazonense). Atrav?s da compara??o do seq?enciamento do gene 16S rDNA com o NCBI GenBank o isolado 215 foi identificado com pertencente a esp?cie de Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus , o 179-1A com pertencente a esp?cie Burkholderia tropica e os isolados 151-B, 211-A e 219 ao g?nero Burkholderia. As estirpes 160-1 e 215 inoculadas promoveram aumento na produ??o de biomassa seca da palha (acima de 0,7 Mg.ha-1) e nitrog?nio total da folha bandeira (acima de 69,7 kg.ha-1), respectivamente nas variedades RB 72454 e RB 918639 testadas. Apenas o isolado 160-1 foi capaz de promover um aumento de biomassa seca na variedade RB 867515. A produ??o de colmos foi maior para a variedade RB918639 com 191,96 Mg.ha-1.

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The limits to inform is about the character stico of basic, quimica, mineralogical and mechaniques of matlaughed material used in the manufacturing process the product certified in economic region the Cariri, specifically in the city of Crato, Cear? state, motivated the development of this work, since in this region the exist ing economic context that a general appear as important in the production chains. Were made twentyfive soils-test specimen collection and the study was performed to differentiate the mat laugh materials of variaveis processing of mathing raw materials in the factory The product mica monkeys by extrusion and pressing. The results were obtained ap s as analyzes: grain size, index of plasticity, fluoresce incidence X-ray difration the X-ray, and analyzes thermicals and properties technological. through s of curves gresifica returned to was a comparison between the retro the linear, absorb to water, porosity and bulk density. the results show that the excellent distribution and character acceptable available for the processing of the structure color dark red. needing, therefore, of the mixture of a less plastic clay with thick granulation, that works as plasticity reducer. In spite of the different resignation forms for prensagem and extrusion, the characteristics of absorption of water and rupture tension the flexing was shown inside of the patterns of ABNT
A limita??o de informa??es sobre as caracter?sticas f?sicas, qu?micas, mineral?gicas e mec?nicas da mat?ria-prima usada no processo de fabrica??o dos produtos cer?micos na regi?o do Cariri, mais precisamente na cidade do Crato, estado do Cear?, motivou o desenvolvimento deste trabalho, visto que nesta regi?o existem cer?micas que num contexto geral figuram como cadeias produtivas importantes no estado. Foram confeccionados vinte e cinco corpos-de-prova da amostra coletada para cada m?todo de conforma??o e foi realizado o estudo das vari?veis de processamento das mat?riasprimas na fabrica??o de produtos cer?micos por extrus?o e prensagem. Os resultados foram obtidos ap?s as an?lises de: granulometria, ?ndice de plasticidade, fluoresc?ncia de raios X, difra??o de raios X, an?lises t?rmicas e propriedades tecnol?gicas. Atrav?s das curvas de gresifica??o obteve-se um comparativo entre a retra??o linear de queima, absor??o de ?gua, porosidade e massa espec?fica aparente. Os resultados mostram que a mat?ria-prima tem excelente distribui??o e caracter?sticas aceit?veis para o processamento de pe?as estruturais de cor escura a vermelha, necessitando, pois, da mistura de uma argila menos pl?stica com granula??o grossa, que funciona como redutor de plasticidade. Apesar das diferentes formas de conforma??o por prensagem e extrus?o, as caracter?sticas de absor??o de ?gua e tens?o de ruptura a flex?o mostrou-se dentro dos padr?es da ABNT

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Companies involved in kaolin mining and treatment represent an important area of industrial development in Brazil, significantly contribution to the worldwide production of such mineral. As a result, large volumes of kaolin residue are constantly generated and abandoned in the environment, negatively contributing to its preservation. In this scenario, the objective of the present study was to characterize the residue generated from kaolin mining as well as to assess its potential use as raw material for the production of ceramic tiles. Ceramic mixtures were prepared from raw materials characterized by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, particle size analysis and thermal analysis. Three compositions were prepared using kaolin residue contents of 10%, 20% and 30%. Samples were uniaxially pressed, fired at 1200?C and characterized aiming at establishing their mineralogical composition, water absorption, apparent porosity, specific mass, linear retraction and modulus of rupture. The results showed that the residue basically consisted of kaolinite and successfully replaced raw kaolin in the preparation of ceramic title formulations without significantly affecting the properties of the fired material
As ind?strias de minera??o e beneficiamento de caulim s?o um importante segmento econ?mico do pa?s, com uma produ??o bastante significativa no cen?rio internacional. Em fun??o disso, a produ??o de res?duos ? muito grande, poluindo e agredindo o meio ambiente. Assim, esse trabalho tem por objetivo a caracteriza??o do res?duo do beneficiamento do caulim e a avalia??o de sua aplicabilidade como mat?riaprima alternativa na produ??o de cer?mica de revestimento. As mat?rias-primas utilizadas neste trabalho foram caracterizadas por t?cnicas de: fluoresc?ncia de raios X; difra??o de raios X; analise granulom?trica; an?lise termogravim?trica e an?lise termodiferencial. Foram formuladas tr? s composi??es contendo o res?duo de caulim, em propor??es de 10%, 20%, e 30%. Foram confeccionados corpos-de-prova por prensagem e suas massas foram queimadas a 1200?C e caracterizadas qu?mica e mineralogicamente com o objetivo de identificar suas composi??es, seus elementos e suas fases. Estes corpos-de-prova foram avaliados quanto ? absor??o de ?gua, porosidade aparente, massa espec?fica aparente, retra??o linear, difra??o de raios X e o m?dulo de ruptura ? flex?o. Pode-se concluir que o res?duo de caulim ? constitu?do basicamente por caulinita, e que a incorpora??o nas propor??es estudadas teve resultados altamente satisfat?rios nas formula??es, para a produ??o de cer?micas de revestimento

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
The objective of this study was to evaluate the protein profile expression of G. diazotrophicus PAL5 and its defective mutant in the indole compound production (lao-) grown in the presence or absence of tryptophan through 2DE-PAGE technique. The spectrometric analysis allowed the identification of 24 differentially expressed proteins. The majority of the proteins down regulated in the wild type PAL5 cultivated with tryptophan as compared to the cultivation without the amino acid belonged to the category of transductional modification, protein turnover and chaperones. For the mutant lao- grown in the same conditions, the majority of the proteins that presented differential expression belonged to the category of production and conversion of energy. In addition, the majority of the protein differentially expressed in the mutant lao- as compared to the wild-type PAL5 strains belonged to carbohydrates metabolism and transport. On the other hand, no proteins related to the tryptophan biosynthesis were detected in any condition, possibly due to the low yield of the proteins during the spectrometric analysis. Furthermore, mutants lao- and nif- of G. diazotrophicus were used for inoculation of micropropagated sugarcane plants in order to determine the influence of auxins produced by the bacteria in the plant growth promotion in comparison with PAL5. The first experiment, carried out in hydroponic conditions for 10 days showed a significant inoculation effect of the wild type on plant shoot. The other experiment was conducted in a period of 120 days in pots containing sand:vermiculite substrate fertilized with 30 and 60 ppm with ammonium sulphate enriched with 15N. The plants were inoculated in vitro with the wild type and mutants lao- and nif-, and the results showed a visual difference in the roots inoculated with PAL5 that showed higher volume suggesting a higher number of secondary roots and root hairs. On the other hand, the plants inoculated with the lao- mutant were ticker and showed lower number of secondary roots and root hairs. The shoot biomass of plants inoculated with PAL5 was higher than those inoculated with the mutant strains for both N dose, however the difference was not significant. Plants grown with 60 kg N dose and inoculated with the mutants showed lower accumulation of dry shoot mass than plants inoculated with the wild type strain. In conclusion, the present study showed the occurrence of several differentially expressed proteins either in the wild type strain or in the mutant lao- grown in LGI-P with and without tryptophan. The role played by these proteins in the metabolism of the bacteria requires additional studies, including different growth conditions. In addition, the inoculation of micropropagated sugarcane plants suggested a hormonal effect of the bacteria mainly on the root development e consequently in the N use efficiency. However, the size of the pots may have limited the plant development, suggesting that new experiments should be carried out in more appropriated conditions to confirm the influence of the indol production and the BNF during the association of the G. diazotrophicus and sugarcane plants
Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o perfil de express?o de prote?nas de G. diazotrophicus PAL5 e seu mutante defectivo na produ??o de compostos ind?licos (lao-) cultivados na presen?a e aus?ncia de triptofano atrav?s da t?cnica de 2DE-PAGE. A an?lise por espectrometria de massa permitiu a identifica??o de 24 prote?nas diferencialmente expressas. A maioria das prote?nas com a express?o diminu?da em PAL5 cultivada em meio com triptofano em rela??o ao meio de cultivo sem esse amino?cido pertenceu ? categoria modifica??o p?s-traducional, turnover de prote?nas e chaperonas. No mutante lao- cultivado nas mesmas condi??es, a maioria das prote?nas que apresentaram express?o diferencial pertencia ? categoria produ??o e convers?o de energia. Em adi??o, a maioria das prote?nas que foram diferencialmente expressas no mutante lao- em compara??o com a estirpe selvagem PAL5 pertencia ? categoria metabolismo e transporte de carboidratos. Por outro lado, n?o foram observadas prote?nas relacionadas ? bioss?ntese de triptofano em nenhuma condi??o analisada possivelmente devido ao baixo rendimento das identifica??es por espectrometria. Al?m das an?lises dos perfis de prote?nas, os mutantes lao- e nif- de G. diazotrophicus foram inoculados em plantas de cana-de-a??car micropropagadas com o objetivo de determinar a influ?ncia das auxinas na promo??o do crescimento dessa cultura em compara??o com a estirpe selvagem PAL5. O primeiro experimento, conduzido em condi??es de hidroponia pelo per?odo de 10 dias, mostrou efeito significativo da inocula??o da estirpe selvagem na promo??o de crescimento da parte ?rea das plantas, enquanto que o mutante lao-, n?o diferiu estatisticamente do controle n?o inoculado. O outro experimento, foi conduzido por 120 dias em vasos com substrato areia:vermiculita contendo 30 ou 60 ppm de sulfato de am?nio enriquecido com 15N e as pl?ntulas foram inoculadas in vitro. Os resultados mostraram uma diferen?a visual nas ra?zes das plantas inoculadas com PAL5, que se mostraram mais volumosas, aparentando um n?mero mais elevado de ra?zes secund?rias e p?los radiculares. J? as plantas inoculadas com lao- apresentaram ra?zes mais grossas, com um n?mero muito reduzido de ramifica??es ou p?los radiculares. A biomassa seca da parte a?rea das plantas inoculadas com PAL5 foi superior ?quelas inoculadas com as estirpes mutantes para as duas doses de nitrog?nio, por?m essa diferen?a n?o foi significativa. N?o foram observadas evid?ncias de contribui??o da FBN, por?m as plantas inoculadas com PAL5 foram menos eficientes na recupera??o do N fertilizante. Em conclus?o, o presente estudo mostra a ocorr?ncia de diversas prote?nas diferencialmente expressas tanto na estirpe selvagem como em lao- quando crescidas na presen?a e aus?ncia do amino?cido triptofano. A defini??o do papel dessas prote?nas no metabolismo da bact?ria requer estudos adicionais, inclusive em diferentes condi??es de cultivo. Em adi??o, a inocula??o dessas bact?rias em plantas de cana-de-a??car mostrou o efeito hormonal da bact?ria no desenvolvimento das ra?zes e, por conseguinte na maior efici?ncia de uso do N aplicado. Entretanto, dado a limita??o de espa?o f?sico dos vasos para o desenvolvimento das plantas, sugere-se a realiza??o de novos experimentos, em condi??es mais apropriadas, para confirmar a influ?ncia da produ??o de ?ndoles e da FBN durante a associa??o da bact?ria com as plantas de cana-de-a??car.

Ma thèse porte sur la reconstruction historique de la biographie de Pietro Speciale Cittadella (1478-1554) en tenant compte des auteurs des trois études qui ont traité sa vie en manière monographique, mais en développant trois points fondamentaux pour une nouveaux recherche : 1) les contacts avec le monde allemand ; 2) son interprétation des auteurs réformés ; 3) l'échec d'une éventuelle Réforme dans le territoire vénitien. Tout d'abord, on aura enquêté sur quatre questions historiographiques qui ont empêché une spéculation plus profonde par les historiens précédents : Emilio Comba, Giuseppe De Leva et Ester Zille
Pietro Speziale from Cittadella (1478-1554), a character as prolific as it is underestimated, is remembered by the general historiography for having been the author of one of the most important treatises about the God’s grace and free will – the Tractatus de Gratia Dei – of the so-called Italian Reformation. But Speziale was also the author of a Latin grammar enchiridion, of satires and more; he had a correspondence with the circles of humanists of Vicenza and Padua; during the years of his imprisonment, he was exalted as a "martyr of the Gospel" by Italian Protestants and by German radicals. Speziale lived a transition "from Catholicism to Catholicism", passing through the reading, the study and the re-elaboration of the main writings of the Reformation, such as Luther’s De servo arbitrio; the imprudent disclosure of his ideas caused him the imprisonment, charged of heresy. In an attempt to consider together the different perspectives of analysis, the thesis is divided into three sections: after a summary of the historiography that dealt with the topic, I considered the biography of Pietro Speziale from Cittadella (1478-1554) in light A) of archival sources; B) literary sources; C) of his correspondence. The first section describes the subject of the research through what has been possible to recover from the archive sources (councils, notaries and litigation), highlighting the potentials and the limitations of this type of research. The second part, however, has as its object the edition of the texts (the so-called "minor works") of the author, with a discussion that takes into account the sources (ancient and contemporary authors), the information that the author provides self or events that proves to know - without forgetting its point of view with respect to the subsequent historical and historiographic reconstruction - and their place in the context of religious reform in Italy. The third part, describes the dense network of central and peripheral relations, of which Speziale had characterized his experience as humanist, demonstrating how the parameter of "geographical border" is insufficient - and indeed, impeding - in research and reconstruction of the biography of such a complex personality
Personalità tanto prolifica quanto sottovalutata, Pietro Speziale da Cittadella (1478-1554) è ricordato dalla storiografia per essere stato l’autore di uno dei più importanti trattati sulla grazia e il libero arbitrio (il Tractatus de Gratia Dei) della cosiddetta “Riforma italiana”. Ma lo Speziale fu anche autore di un manuale di grammatica latina, di satire e altro ancora; intrattenne rapporti epistolari con i circoli degli umanisti vicentini e padovani; fu esaltato, durante gli anni del carcere, come “martire dell'Evangelo” dai protestanti italiani e dai radicali tedeschi. Quella dello Speziale è una parabola dal cattolicesimo al cattolicesimo, passando attraverso la lettura, lo studio e la rielaborazione degli scritti della Riforma; la divulgazione imprudente delle proprie idee gli causò il carcere con l'accusa di eresia. Nel tentativo di considerare insieme le diverse prospettive di analisi, la tesi viene suddivisa in tre sezioni: dopo una doverosa sintesi della storiografia che ha trattato l’argomento, ho considerato la biografia di Pietro Speziale alla luce a) delle fonti archivistiche; b) delle fonti letterarie; c) delle relazioni epistolari. La prima sezione descrive il soggetto della ricerca sulla base di quanto è stato possibile recuperare tra le fonti di archivio (consiliari, notarili e processuali) mettendo in evidenza le potenzialità e i limiti di questo tipo di ricerca. La seconda parte, invece, ha come oggetto l’edizione dei testi (le c.d. “opere minori”) dell’autore, con una discussione che tiene conto delle fonti utilizzate (autori antichi e contemporanei), delle informazioni che l’autore fornisce di sé o degli eventi che dimostra di conoscere – senza dimenticare il suo punto di vista rispetto alla ricostruzione storica e storiografica successiva – e la loro collocazione nel contesto della riforma religiosa in Italia. La terza parte invece, descrive la fitta rete di relazioni, centrali e periferiche, di cui lo Speziale aveva caratterizzato la propria esperienza di umanista, dimostrando come il parametro di “confine geografico” sia insufficiente – e anzi, ostativo – nella ricerca e nella ricostruzione biografica di una personalità così complessa

Thèse (Ph. D.)--Université de Montréal, 2002.
"Thèse présentée conjointement à la faculté des études supérieures de l'Université de Montréal en vue de l'obtention du grade de philosophiae doctor (Ph. D.) en histoire et à l'UFR lettres langues et sciences humaines de l'Université Blaise Pascal en vue de l'obtention du grade de docteur en histoire." Version électronique également disponible sur Internet.

This research investigates the effect of feed composition on the separation performance of pure polyethersulfone (PES) and different types of PES based mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) in order to develop high performing membranes for CO2/CH4 separation. MMMs were prepared by solvent evaporation method using PES as the polymer matrix with SAPO-34 particles as fillers, and 2-hydroxy 5-methyl aniline (HMA) as the low molecular weight additive. Four types of membranes were used throughout the study, namely pure PES membrane, PES/HMA (4, 10%w/w) membrane, PES/SAPO-34 (20%w/w) MMM, PES/SAPO-34 (20%w/w)/HMA (4, 10%w/w) MMM. The effect of CO2 composition on the performance of the membranes was investigated in detail with a wide feed composition range changing between 0 and 100%. In addition to separating CO2/CH4 binary gas mixtures, the separation performances of these membranes were determined by measuring single gas permeabilities at 35º
C, with a feed pressure of 3 bar. Moreover, the membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA). The separation selectivities of all types of membranes generally observed to be independent of feed composition. The composition independency of these membranes eliminates the need of investigating at which feed gas composition the prepared membranes are best performing for practical applications. PES/SAPO-34/HMA MMMs with HMA loading of 10% and SAPO-34 loading of 20% demonstrated the highest separation selectivity of about 40, and the ideal selectivity of 44, among the used membranes.

S'inscrivant dans le sillage des histoires renouvelées de la diplomatie, de l'administration et des médias, cette thèse examine les modalités de la collecte, du traitement et de la diffusion en Italie des nouvelles provenant de l'Empire ottoman et des différents terrains de la guerre turque. Consécutivement à la généralisation de la représentation permanente et à l'invention des Avvisi a mano et a stampa, les pratiques diplomatiques et administratives des Etats italiens ont évolué. L'examen de l'activité des nonces apostoliques de Venise et l'étude de la composition des plis adressés au Saint-siège par les agents du pape font apparaître une grande plasticité des institutions qui, de la guerre de Chypre (1570-1573) à celle de Candie (1645-1669), s'adaptent continuellement aux nouvelles conditions médiatiques, tout en trouvant également les moyens, essentiellement par la synthèse et la compilation des données, de résoudre les problèmes causes par l'accroissement des flux d'information. Ainsi, il devient possible de mettre en évidence la diffusion au tournant des XVIe et XVIIe siècles d'une véritable culture politique de l'information qui est structurée en amont de la mise en circulation des premiers périodiques, mais se révèle toutefois inédite dans ses formes et dans ses proportions.

The thesis 'Civil Society in the Chi River, Northeast Thailand', aims to answer the questions of what civil society means in the Northeast Thai village context, which factors make civil society proactive and how civil society is activated. Participatory action research (PAR) was carried out in two communities in the Chi River Basin to answer the inquiries. The research discusses the contexts of the Northeast Region and the two communities in the Chi River Basin. The people in this area are of the Thai-Laos ethnic group and hold particular beliefs in an amalgam of Buddhism and animism which creates cultural rituals that are different from other regions. The society is based on kinship ties. The economic situation has transformed from an agrarian society to a commercial agriculture society. Through the research process the new term of 'grounded civil society' was created. It means 'the sphere of an autonomous group of local people who actively participate in collective action to deal with their struggles and promote their common interests by mobilizing cultural and social capitals in consort with other people to productively solve their problems. Grounded civil society may include traditional forms of mutual assistance, and formal or informal social associations. It seeks to have a significant influence on public policy at any level'. The research found that grounded civil society was activated by both outside and inside factors. The outside factors included the negative effect of government development projects and the intervention of the participatory action research, which stimulated local people to engage in civil society. The inside factors activating civil society were the poor economic conditions of the villagers and the social capital existing in the communities. The social capital was built up around kinship ties and cultural capital, which generated the social values and norms of the local people. The research concluded with an analysis of the causal links between social capital and civil society claiming that social capital facilitated the creation of civil society. Further research possibilities are suggested.

Tutta le ricerche riguardanti la confessione prendono avvio – e non potrebbe che essere così – dal Concilio Lateranense IV del 1215 e in particolare dalla disposizione 21, meglio nota con il suo incipit Omnis utriusque sexus. È per far fronte all’adempimento di tale disposizione (che prescrive l’obbligatorietà annuale alla confessione per tutti i fedeli di entrambi i sessi, come il testo ci dice) che si sviluppa una letteratura finalizzata a istruire sia i sacerdoti (al tempo impreparati a svolgere il ruolo di confessori), sia i penitenti. Questi manuali si moltiplicano con l’avvento della stampa a caratteri mobili; in particolare si sviluppa il genere delle confessioni generali: opuscoli di poche pagine in cui si fornisce al penitente una guida all’esame di coscienza attraverso un particolareggiato elenco di peccati. A questo filone appartiene la Regola per ben confessarsi di Giacomo della Marca, sicuramente uno dei predicatori più noti dell’Osservanza francescana. Il confessionale, scritto sia in latino (con il titolo di De confessione) che in volgare, è un’opera molto nota e diffusa. Viene presentato un elenco di tutti i peccati possibili, organizzati secondo un’ampia varietà di griglie concettuali: i dodici articoli della fede; i sette vizi capitali; i dieci comandamenti; i cinque sensi corporali; i sette sacramenti; le sette opere della misericordia corporale e spirituale; le tre virtù teologali e i doni dello Spirito Santo, ecc. L’importanza e la diffusione del testo sono testimoniate dalle otto edizioni a stampa segnalate tra il 1465 e il 1550 (cfr. Jacobson Schutte 1983: 208-209). Sono censiti anche tre manoscritti: il codice 33, posseduto dalla Biblioteca francescana e picena di Falconara Marittima; il Ricc. 341, presente presso la Biblioteca Riccardiana di Firenze e il manoscritto 2806, conservato presso la Biblioteca Augusta di Perugia. Nonostante ciò il testo non è stato oggetto di uno studio critico approfondito. Per tale motivo, il mio lavoro si è posto l’obiettivo di approntare l’edizione del testo di uno dei maggiori rappresentanti del francescanesimo marchigiano, fornendo un ulteriore tassello per lo studio di quel settore della letteratura penitenziale costituito dai confessionali. La collazione dei manoscritti e delle stampe ha rivelato la complessa situazione testuale: gli esemplari non derivano tutti dallo stesso originale ma sono copie di testi diversi. Nell’impossibilità, quindi, di ricostruire validamente la volontà d’autore, ho scelto di riportare in edizione il testo della Biblioteca di Falconara, ritenendo che questo codice rappresenti il bon manuscrit perché lo considero portatore del testo ‘reale’, circolato al suo tempo; questo esemplare, infatti, ha un nucleo comune a tutti, presente in una forma né troppo stringata né troppo estesa. Nella seconda parte del mio lavoro, il testo è stato oggetto di un commento linguistico basato sulla veste fonetica, morfologica e sintattica, in primo luogo; successivamente mi sono concentrata su un’analisi di tipo pragmatico-testuale, fondata sulla teoria delle tradizioni discorsive, così come è stata elaborata in ambito tedesco. Lo scopo della mia ricerca è stato quindi quello di rendere nota una delle opere che maggiormente si inscrive nel clima religioso Quattrocentesco e di evidenziare se i suoi caratteri linguistici, confrontati con opere appartenenti allo stesso genere, possano codificare una vera e propria tradizione discorsiva.